Cleveland Hopkins International Airport
Cleveland Hopkins International Airport | |||||||||||||||||||
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| Airport type | Public | ||||||||||||||||||
| Owner | City of Cleveland | ||||||||||||||||||
| Operator | City of Cleveland | ||||||||||||||||||
| Serves | Cleveland, Ohio | ||||||||||||||||||
| Location | Cleveland, Ohio | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hub for | United Airlines | ||||||||||||||||||
| Elevation AMSL | 791 ft / 241 m | ||||||||||||||||||
| Coordinates | 41°24′42″N 081°50′59″W / 41.41167°N 81.84972°W | ||||||||||||||||||
| Website | www.clevelandairport.com | ||||||||||||||||||
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Cleveland Hopkins International Airport (IATA: CLE, ICAO: KCLE, FAA LID: CLE) is a public airport located nine miles (14 km) southwest of the central business district of Cleveland, a city in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States.[1] The airport lies just within the city limits of Cleveland. It is the largest airport in the state of Ohio and as of 2009 is the 39th largest airport in North America.[3]
The airport was founded in 1925, making it the first municipally owned airport in the United States.[4] The airport has been the site of many other airport firsts: the first air traffic control tower, ground to air radio control and the first airfield lighting system, all in 1930, and the first U.S. airport to be directly connected to a local or regional rail transit system, in 1968. The airport was named after its founder, former city manager William R. Hopkins, on his 82nd birthday in 1951.
The airport handled 9,492,455 passengers in 2010, representing a 2.3% decrease compared to 2009;[2] the passenger decline at Hopkins was 5th steepest among the 50 largest airports in the USA in 2009.[3] There were 192,863 operations (takeoffs and landings) in 2010.[2] The airport handles more than 325 daily nonstop flights to over 85 destinations. It is the second smallest hub out of the ten hubs operated by United Airlines (busier only than Guam located in the South Pacific Ocean) and its regional carriers, connecting passengers to destinations across North America.
In 2006, Cleveland Hopkins International Airport unveiled a new marketing and branding campaign. The slogan, "CLE Going Places", is said to depict the airport's pursuit of improving passengers' experience as they upgrade the airport facility and negotiate additional air services.[citation needed] Improvements include upgrades to the restaurant and store concessions program, taxi service, on-site parking, customer service areas, and the attraction of additional flights to new destinations with the airport's new air service development program (begun in 2007).
Operational history
North American international service
- Air Canada offers daily non-stop flights to Toronto via its regional affiliate, Air Canada Express. Air Canada is currently the only foreign-flag carrier to serve Cleveland on a regular basis.
- United offers service to Cancún and seasonal service to Québec City, which use the U.S. Customs and Border Protection inspection facility upon arrival. United also offers several daily flights to Toronto and Montréal, along with seasonal service to Nassau.
- Frontier Airlines offers international service to Cancún and Punta Cana.
- Aeromexico operated charter flights to Puerto Vallarta, Mexico during the 2007–2008 winter season.
Intercontinental service
There is presently no intercontinental service from Cleveland. However, there have been several past short-lived attempts to establish intercontinental service from the airport since the airport was first granted authority to receive intercontinental service in 1977.[5][6]
- Circa 1982-1986, JAT Yugoslav Airlines operated once-weekly non-stop flights to Ljubljana, continuing on to Belgrade.[7][8]
- From 1988 to 1992, JAT Yugoslav Airlines operated once-weekly service to Belgrade, the largest city in what was then the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.[9] Upon the break-up of Yugoslavia and UN sanctions that followed, JAT service was suspended, leaving Cleveland without transatlantic, non-stop flights for nearly eight years until Continental Airlines began flights to London in 1999.
- Continental Airlines began offering seasonal nonstop flights from Hopkins to London Gatwick Airport in 1999.[10] This service continued for several summers, and in 2009, Continental switched to Heathrow Airport instead of Gatwick because of the airline's new access to Heathrow as part of the EU–U.S. Open Skies Agreement. However, this service was cancelled permanently because of insufficient passenger bookings.[11][12]
- Continental launched a new route between Cleveland and Paris, France on May 22, 2008, but then announced elimination of the service in December 2008. The service has not been resurrected in subsequent summers.[citation needed] Continental had exited the SkyTeam Alliance, which included Air France. Because of the exit from SkyTeam, the incentive for Continental passengers in Cleveland to connect in Paris disappeared.[13]
Airfield, facilities and concourses
Cleveland Hopkins International Airport covers an area of 1,900 acres (770 ha)[1] which contains three runways:
- Runway 6R/24L: 9,955 x 150 ft. (3,034 x 46 m), concrete
- Runway 6L/24R: 9,000 x 150 ft. (2,743 x 46 m), concrete
- Runway 10/28: 6,017 x 150 ft. (1,834 x 46 m), asphalt and concrete
The older parallel runway, formerly Runway 6C/24C, was 7,096 x 150 ft. (2163 x 46 m). It has been decommissioned as an active runway, its width narrowed, and is now designated as Taxiway C. The centerfield taxiway C has the word "TAXI" inscribed in large yellow letters on either end to ensure approaching aircraft do not mistakenly use it as a runway.
Recently completed was a project that moved both thresholds of Runway 10/28 330 feet to the east, thus allowing for the addition of EMAS (Engineered Materials Arresting System) at both ends. The usable runway length was not altered. As part of this project, some turnouts were rebuilt and the closed sections of 24L and the former 24C that intersected 10/28 were physically removed.
For the 12-month period ending December 31, 2007, the airport had 244,717 aircraft operations, an average of 670 per day: 65% air taxi, 29% scheduled commercial, 5% general aviation and <1% military. There are 44 aircraft based at this airport: 21 jet, 10 single engine, 7 multi-engine and 6 military aircraft.[1]
Since 2008, BAA Cleveland has developed and managed retail and dining locations at the airport. A redevelopment project will add 76,000 square feet (7,100 m2) of new locations.[14]
Cleveland Airport consists of one passenger terminal which is divided into four concourses:
- Concourse A (gates A1-A12, A14), originally known as "North Concourse", was the first of the airport's original two concourses and was designed by Outcalt & Guenther[15] and built in 1962. During a short period from 1987 until the early 1990s, USAir held the majority of gates in this concourse from which it was the dominant carrier at the airport.[16]
- Concourse B (gates B1-B11) was the first extension pier to the airport and was designed by Outcalt & Guenther[15] and built in 1966.
- Concourse C (gates C1–C12, C14, and C16–C29) houses all mainline United Airlines services, except for international arrivals which are handled in Concourse A instead. The concourse (being the third-oldest one) was designed by Joint venture of The Outcalt Guenther Partners and Dyer Watson Spieth and was originally known as "South Concourse" when it opened in 1968[17]. Until 1985, it was one of the main hub operations for United Airlines (pre-Continental Airlines merger). United slowly cut flights from Hopkins as it built a new hub at Washington Dulles International Airport. By 1987, United had closed its hub at Hopkins and moved its operations to the B Concourse. Continental Airlines quickly established a hub in Cleveland to fill the void left by United. The concourse was renovated in 1992 at a cost of $50 million. This project, designed by Robert P. Madison International, Inc. included the installation of a continuous skylight and moving walkways, a Presidents Club, and a new Baggage Claim area[18]. However, after the merger of Continental and United, as well as Continental joining the Star Alliance, United, as well as Air Canada Jazz, have since relocated their Cleveland operations to Concourse C. Concourse C once again became the hub operations for United Airlines after the merger with Continental.
- Concourse D (gates D2–D12, D14, D17, D21, D25, and D28) was constructed in 1999 at a cost of $80 million and is a separate terminal connected to the main terminal by an underground walkway. Although capable of handling larger jets such as United's Boeing 737,[19] it currently handles regional aircraft exclusively. Concourse D contains 12 jet bridge gates and 24 ramp loading positions.[19] It was designed by KCF/SHG and Robert P. Madison International, Inc.[20]
Airlines and destinations
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Cargo airlines
| Airlines | Destinations |
|---|---|
| FedEx Express | Indianapolis, Memphis |
| FedEx Feeder operated by Mountain Air Cargo | Erie |
| UPS Airlines | Louisville |
Statistics
| Rank | City | Passengers | Carriers |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Chicago, IL (O'Hare) | 308,000 | American, United |
| 2 | Houston, TX (IAH) | 239,000 | United |
| 3 | Chicago, IL (Midway) | 217,000 | Southwest |
| 4 | Las Vegas, NV | 201,000 | Southwest, United |
| 5 | Atlanta, GA | 192,000 | Delta, United |
| 6 | Charlotte, NC | 189,000 | United, US Airways |
| 7 | Baltimore, MD | 178,000 | Southwest, United |
| 8 | Newark, NJ | 151,000 | United |
| 9 | Los Angeles, CA | 139,000 | United |
| 10 | Philadelphia, PA | 135,000 | United, US Airways |
Ground transportation
Public transit
Hopkins International Airport is connected to the Cleveland Rapid Transit system. Passengers can board Red Line trains at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport (RTA Rapid Transit station) airport terminal. During late night/early morning hours, service is provided by the # 75 bus from Hopkins to Downtown Cleveland. The airport also offers a dedicated taxi service of 75 vehicles.[25]
Rental cars
In 1998, Hopkins moved rental car operations off the airport grounds to a new consolidated rental car facility. The facility has drawn mixed reviews from travelers because of its distance from the airport, inconsistent bus service and long bus rides, only partial canopy coverage for vehicles, and fees and taxes that are very high relative to those of other airports; the charges cover costs of not only operating the center but also supporting other local projects, such as the Cleveland Browns stadium.[26]
Incidents and accidents
- In 1938 a United Air Lines twin-engined prop flying from Newark to Chicago via Cleveland crashed on approach to Hopkins killing all seven passengers and three crew members on board.[27]
- In 1971 Jane Fonda was arrested by police at the airport for being belligerent and obstructing public safety because she refused to go through security screening. After an increase in aviation related skyjackings, the FAA had in 1969 ordered all airports to use metal detectors.
- Hundreds of thousands of earthworms crawled onto the longest runway at Cleveland's Hopkins Airport in September, 1972. It created so great a safety hazard that the strip had to be closed for 30 minutes. Workmen used a motorized broom to sweep them away. Four jet pilots complained that the worms caused poor braking. Officials said heavy rains apparently brought the worms to the surface on ground surrounding the runway.[28]
- On January 4, 1985 Pan Am flight 558, a Boeing 727, was scheduled to fly from Cleveland to New York City's John F. Kennedy International Airport. While still on the ground at Cleveland, the aircraft was hijacked and the hijacker demanded to be taken to South America. The plane was stormed by Cleveland police and the hijacker arrested. The duration of the hijacking was less than one day.
- On January 6, 2003, a Continental Express Embraer ERJ-145LR overran the runway upon landing from Bradley International Airport in Windsor Locks, CT. After touchdown, the flight crew was unable to stop the airplane on the runway. The airplane continued beyond the departure end, on extended runway centerline, and struck the ILS runway 6 localizer antenna. It came to rest with the nose about 600 feet (180 m) beyond the end of the runway. The nose landing gear had collapsed rearward and deformed the forward pressure bulkhead.[29]
- On April 27, 2006 police officers confronted a man at the United Airlines ticket counter. The man fired a handgun, critically wounding a patrolman, but another officer shot and killed the attacker.
- On February 18, 2007, at 3:14pm, a Shuttle America Embraer 170 operating as Delta Connection flight 6448 from Atlanta skidded off snow-covered runway 28 and crashed through a fence. None of the 70 passengers and four crew on board were injured.
- On January 10, 2010, the airport lost power for more than seven hours after a transformer exploded at about 6:50am. All power inside the terminals was lost and air traffic was halted; however the control tower, runways, and taxiways remained lit, powered by backup generators. About 800 people were affected by the loss of power, and most flights didn't resume until 3:00pm. According to a spokesperson, the transformer exploded due to a buildup of road salt, causing corrosion.[30]
Relationship with the former Continental Airlines (now United Airlines)
 |
 | This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience. (July 2012) |
For many years in the postwar era, United Airlines had a strong presence in Cleveland. The former Continental Airlines (now merged with United Airlines as part of United Continental Holdings) began its efforts to establish hub in Cleveland in the late 1980s when United Airlines, then a separate carrier, dramatically reduced its operations in Cleveland and relocated most of its flights to Washington Dulles International Airport. At the time, Continental maintained hubs in Houston, Denver (later abandoned as a Continental hub, but now a United hub), Guam, and Newark (the latter as a result of Continental's 1987 acquisition of People Express Airlines) but lacked a hub in the Midwest. Continental increased its presence at Hopkins and became the airport's largest tenant, eventually handling as much as 60% of passenger traffic. Continental and Hopkins both made substantial investments in support of Continental's presence at the airport, including the 1999 construction of Concourse D, primarily to accommodate Continental Express flights.
However, the airport, Cleveland community, and Continental developed something of an uneasy relationship beginning in the late 1990s. In 2003, the tension became public when Continental then-CEO Gordon Bethune publicly scolded the Cleveland business community and encouraged business flyers to support Continental at Hopkins rather than to take cheaper fights from neighboring Akron-Canton Regional Airport, which at the time advertised itself as the "preferred alternative" to Hopkins and "a better way to go."[31] Around this time, Akron-Canton Airport was undertaking an ambitious expansion in response to substantial increases in enplanements while Hopkins boardings declined.[32][33] Shortly thereafter, Continental reduced the size of its board of directors by halving the number of representatives from the Cleveland area, began to more closely scrutinize local passenger traffic volume, and closed its four off-airport ticket offices in the Greater Cleveland area (while maintaining offices near its Houston and Newark hubs).[34]
On September 14, 2007, Continental announced what was at the time called a "major expansion" at Hopkins that would have increased the hub's capacity by some 40% over a two-year period. The expansion would have entailed some 20 new destinations served primarily on regional aircraft, followed later by a dozen new destinations served on mainline aircraft. This expansion was expected to create 700 jobs, and the state of Ohio offered a $16 million incentive package to help bring the service increase to fruition.[35] However, when record-high fuel prices forced Continental to cut capacity in the summer of 2008, the airline reduced its workforce, eliminated service between Cleveland and 24 cities (including 12 cities that were part of Phase I of its hub expansion program), and reduced the frequency of its flights to a number of others; the service cuts in Cleveland were deeper as a percentage of overall flight volume than concurrent cuts at Continental's Houston and Newark hubs.[36] In March 2009, Continental indicated that it would continue to make capacity cuts in response to reduced demand for seats.[37] Also in March 2009, Continental CEO Larry Kellner omitted Cleveland but referenced Newark and Houston when commenting on the carrier's strengths, stating, "We are strong in the Atlantic, we are strong in Latin America, we are strong in New York, we're strong in Houston."[38]
On July 10, 2009, the US Department of Transportation approved Continental's membership in Star Alliance (it had been a member of SkyTeam with Northwest Airlines and Delta Air Lines) and most aspects of the code-share agreement it had requested with United and other Star Alliance members (e.g. Lufthansa).[39] Then, on October 1, 2010, United and Continental officially completed the legal aspects of a full merger.[40] The Continental-United marriage only heightened simmering concerns within the greater Cleveland area about the potential effect on Cleveland air service; Continental's previous merger talks with Star Alliance founding partner United had been viewed in some circles as a serious threat to Continental's future at Hopkins.[41][42] When the 2010 United/Continental tie-up was initially announced, it prompted Cleveland politicians to propose hearings to investigate the potential impact of the marriage on the community; these investigations ultimately had no effect on the companies' efforts to combine.
There have been persistent worries that a post-merger United will reduce or eliminate direct service from Cleveland to a number of cities and instead route passengers through United's hubs in Chicago (315 miles west by air) and Washington (287 air miles east by air).[43][44] In an article about the Continental-United merger, the Wall Street Journal reported on May 3, 2010, that "One city that could feel the pinch from the latest consolidation is Cleveland, a small Continental hub. Analysts say that a combined United-Continental could shift more connecting traffic to Chicago, United's largest hub. Delta has continued to scale back flights at its small Cincinnati hub since it acquired Northwest, which had hubs in nearby Memphis and Detroit."[45]
In response to the concerns, the newly-formed company, United Continental Holdings, Inc., signed a letter of agreement with Cleveland officials in October, 2010 stipulating what service levels would be maintained at Hopkins for five years, but it has been criticized as weak, vague, and having loopholes that the airline can exploit if it chooses to reduce service before the agreement expires. For example, the agreement dictates a certain number of flights but does not stipulate the type of aircraft used to operate them, which would allow the company potentially to substitute mainline Boeing jets with propeller-driven aircraft such as the Saab 340 (with 34 seats) or the Beechcraft 1900 (with 19 seats).[46] Moreover, the agreement hinges largely on United's profitability on routes to and from Cleveland, which might be subject to variation depending on how United assigns costs. Finally, the potential $20 million penalty for violating the agreement is a relatively minor amount for a company the size of United Continental Holdings, with 2010 revenue of $29 billion.[47] Terms of the agreement are as follows:
For the first two years after the merger (i.e. until October 1, 2012):
- The new United must maintain at least 90 percent, or 170, of the 189 average daily departures that the two airlines had at Cleveland Hopkins in the year before their combination.
During the remainder of the five year agreement (i.e. until October 1, 2015):
- United's average daily departure obligation decreases to 67 percent of pre-merger strength—or 127 departures—in the event that "segment profitability" at Hopkins is more than 15 percent worse than the network as a whole, with annual losses in Cleveland of more than $25 million.
- If segment profitability is more than $40 million in the red during the second year, minimum departures in year three can fall to 45 percent of pre-merger levels, or 85 average daily departures. The minimum in years four and five can fall to 14 percent of pre-merger departures, or 26 departures a day.
- If United's Cleveland operations lose more than $40 million in years three or four, then the 14 percent rule applies.
- If the Cleveland operations are losing money and more than 25 percent worse than United's network as a whole, United can walk away from the agreement entirely and can cut service as deeply as it deems necessary.
On November 10, 2010, Continental CEO Jeff Smisek stated in a speech in Cleveland that "Cleveland needs to earn its hub status every day" and added that overall profitability would be the determining factor in whether the new United kept or shuttered the Cleveland hub operation.[48] However, after the agreement was signed, passenger volume at Cleveland continued to drop, and the Wall Street Journal noted on September 28, 2011 that "Cities such as Cleveland, Pittsburgh and St. Louis are dealing with a deep retrenchment in flights, as airlines have cut costs in the wake of consolidation. Since 2005, the number of flights from Cleveland's Hopkins International airport are off 23%; Pittsburgh's are down 49% and St. Louis's are 36% lower."[49]
At the beginning of 2012, and in contrast to pre-merger Continental's other hubs (EWR, IAH, GUM) or those of merger partner United Airlines (ORD, LAX, SFO, IAD, DEN, NRT), Continental's Cleveland operation had only a handful of flights to any international cities (all of them in Mexico and Canada), had not been able to sustain service from the airport to Europe or other trans-oceanic destinations, handled an overwhelming majority (81% as of May 2011[update]) of its traffic via Continental Express regional jet or propeller-driven/turboprop aircraft rather than mainline jets (e.g., in Continental's case, its Boeing jets), and did not fly to Cleveland with any twin-aisle, wide-body aircraft (e.g., in the case of Continental, its Boeing 767 or Boeing 777 planes).[32][50]
With the exception of Detroit, the cities closest to Cleveland have all lost airline hubs (note that many of these cities have decreased in population in the last few decades):
- the former US Airways hub at Pittsburgh International Airport
- the former America West Airlines and Skybus hubs at Port Columbus International Airport
- the Delta Air Lines hub at Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport, which has seen a substantial reduction in flight volume and has as a result shut down an entire terminal.[34][51]
- the former Piedmont Airlines hub at Dayton International Airport[51]
- the former American Trans Air hub at Indianapolis International Airport
- the former TWA and American Airlines hub at Lambert-St. Louis International Airport
If United de-hubbed in Cleveland, it would not be the airline's first experience radically scaling back in a hub city; Continental abandoned its hub at Stapleton International Airport in Denver when Denver International Airport was built. It would also not have been the first time that Cleveland lost an airline hub; ironically, as mentioned previously, United maintained a substantial hub at Hopkins before relocating it to Washington Dulles International Airport in the late 1980s as Cleveland's prominence as a business center began a more precipitous decline.
See also
References
This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
- ^ a b c d FAA Airport Form 5010 for CLE PDF, effective July 5, 2007
- ^ a b c Cleveland Airport - Fact Sheet
- ^ a b "Airport Traffic Reports -- 2009". Airport Council International.
- ^ Airport History
- ^ "11 New 'Gateways' to Europe Proposed". The Milwaukee Journal. September 12, 1977. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ "TWA Ponders Europe Flights". Observer-Reporter. December 23, 1977. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ Bennett, Marcia (June 24, 1982). "Button-Box Band Tours Slovenia". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ "1985/86: JAT Yugoslav Airlines Long-haul Network". Routes Online. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ "From Aeroput to JAT Airways". JAT Airlines. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ "Continental Airlines Launches First Ever Non-Stop Transatlantic Service Between Cleveland and London" (Press release). Continental Airlines. June 29, 1999.
- ^ Grant, Alison (December 3, 2009). "Continental Airlines Cancels Non-Stop Seasonal Flights From Cleveland to London". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
- ^ "Continental: Cleveland-London nonstop is gone for good". USA Today. December 4, 2009. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
- ^ Grant, Alison (October 22, 2009). "Continental Airlines' New Alliance May Smooth Connections for Northeast Ohio Travelers". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved September 8, 2011.
- ^ "Concessions Transformation at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport is Generating New Jobs, Creating Need for Qualified Applicants" (PDF). BAA Cleveland. June 11, 2009. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ a b Outcalt and Guenther - The Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
- ^ "US Air Wants Mini-Hub in Cleveland". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. February 23, 1987. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ "Engineering News-Record". 183. McGraw-Hill. 1969: 48. Retrieved June 14, 2012.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Continental Airlines Concourse C - RPMI
- ^ a b "Continental Airlines Unveils State-of-the-Art Aviation Facility in Cleveland" (Press release). Continental Airlines. May 13, 1999. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ Continental Airlines Concourse D - RPMI
- ^ Velotta, Richard N. (February 20, 2012). "Allegiant, Southwest Trim Las Vegas Routes". Vegas Inc. Retrieved February 21, 2012.
- ^ Cho, Janet H. (June 1, 2012). "United Airlines Adds 10 Flights at Cleveland Hopkins Airport, Cuts 2 to Cincinnati". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved June 1, 2012.
- ^ "Vision Airlines Announces New Non-stop Jet Service to Myrtle Beach From 8 Markets Beginning May 31, 2012" (Press release). Vision Airlines. April 26, 2012. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ "Cleveland, OH: Cleveland-Hopkins International (CLE)". Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ "Taxis". Cleveland Airport System. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ Beauprez, Jennifer (June 1, 1998). "Hopkins Rental Car Prices Flyin' Higher". Crain's Cleveland Business. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ "Ship Crashes to Earth In Sight of Cleveland Airport". Evening Independent. May 25, 1938. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ "Earthworms Stop Air Traffic in Cleveland". Milwaukee Journal. Cleveland. September 16, 1972. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
- ^ "N16571 Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved January 21, 2012.
- ^ "Power Back on at Cleveland Airport". CNN. January 10, 2010. Retrieved January 10, 2010.
- ^ "Akron Canton Regional Airport". Akron Canton Airport. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ a b Tucker, Brian (March 31, 2003). "Continental CEO Lets Fly With Tough Talk". Crain's Cleveland Business. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ "Databases". Bureau of Transportation Statistics. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ a b Gomez, Henry (January 19, 2004). "Cleveland's Continental Board Voice Cut in Half". Crain's Cleveland Business. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ "Continental Airlines Announces Major Expansion at Cleveland Hopkins International Airport" (Press release). Continental Airlines. September 14, 2007. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ Miller, Jay (June 12, 2008). "Hopkins to Feel Continental Airlines' Pain". Crain's Cleveland Business. Retrieved June 12, 2008.
- ^ Kroll, Kathryn (March 10, 2009). "Continental Airlines Says It Will Continue to Trim Capacity". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
- ^ Hensel Jr., Bill (March 22, 2009). "OK for Continental's Alliance Switch Expected Soon". Houston Chronicle. Retrieved March 22, 2009.
- ^ "Continental Airlines Joins Star Alliance". The New York Times. July 11, 2009. Retrieved March 28, 2010.
- ^ Smisek, Jeffrey A. (October 1, 2010). "What Does the Merger Mean for You". Continental Airlines. Archived from the original on October 3, 2010. Retrieved October 1, 2010.
- ^ Stacklin, Jeff (December 13, 2006). "Continental Merger Heating Up". Crain's Cleveland Business. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ "Continental to Join Star Alliance". Continental Airlines. June 19, 2008. Archived from the original on June 28, 2008. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
- ^ O'Donnell, Paul (June 19, 2008). "Continental, United Agree to Link Airline Networks". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved June 19, 2008.
- ^ Koenig, David (April 7, 2009). "DOT Plans to OK Continental Joining Star Alliance". USA Today. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
- ^ Esterl, Mike (May 3, 2010). "Airline Merger Would Bring Flyers Mixed Results". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
- ^ Grant, Alison (November 6, 2010). "Deal to Retain United-Continental Flights at Cleveland Hopkins Not Airtight". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
- ^ Fenner, Robert (December 14, 2010). "United Continental CEO Smisek Sees 'Significant Progress' in Integration". Bloomberg. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
- ^ Miller, Jay (November 10, 2010). "United Airlines CEO Smisek Says Cleveland Must 'Earn Its Hub Status Every Day'". Crain's Cleveland Business. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ Ramsey, Mike (September 28, 2011). "Airline Mergers Leave Airports Off the Radar". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 28, 2011.
- ^ Grant, Alison (June 7, 2009). "Regional Pilots Are Overworked, Industry Critics Say". The Plain Dealer. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
- ^ a b Matzer Rose, Marla (September 19, 2010). "Broken Connections Cleveland, Cincinnati Airports Suffer As Legacy Airlines Cut Back on Hubs, but Port Columbus Might Benefit" (PDF). The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved July 5, 2012.
External links
- Official site
- FAA Airport Diagram (PDF), effective October 31, 2024
- Resources for this airport:
- AirNav airport information for KCLE
- ASN accident history for CLE
- FlightAware airport information and live flight tracker
- NOAA/NWS weather observations: current, past three days
- SkyVector aeronautical chart for KCLE
- FAA current CLE delay information
- OPShots.net -CLE Spotters Site
- Master Plan