Boston
Boston, Massachusetts | |
|---|---|
| Nickname(s): Beantown, The Hub (of the Solar System), Athens of America | |
 Location in Massachusetts | |
| Counties | Suffolk County |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Thomas Menino (Dem) |
| Population (2004) | |
| • Total | 569,165 (city proper) |
| 5.8 million (metro area) | |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (Eastern) |
| Website | www.cityofboston.gov |
Boston is the capital and the largest city in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. The city is also the county seat of Suffolk County. It is the unofficial capital of the region known as New England as well as one of the oldest and wealthiest cities in the United States, with an economy based on education, health care, finance, and high technology.
The city has several nicknames. The City on A Hill came from John Winthrop's goal to create the biblical 'City on a Hill'. This nickname also refers to the three original hills of Boston. Beantown referred to the Bostonian merchants' habit for making distinctive baked beans with imported molasses. The Hub is shortened from Oliver Wendell Holmes's phrase The Hub of the Solar System, which is sometimes misquoted as Hub of the Universe (the nickname he applied to the Massachusetts State House). Boston has also been called The Athens of America, so christened by William Tudor for Boston's great cultural and intellectual influence, as well as to the city's role in instigating the American Revolution for which it is also called The Cradle of Liberty. Boston has also been called Puritan City due to the city's founders' being Puritan.
As of the 2004 census, its population was 569,165. The Boston CMSA (Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area) has a population of approximately 5.8 million residents,and includes parts of New Hampshire, Maine and Connecticut. It is the seventh largest CMSA in the United States. Greater Boston, including nearby cities and towns such as Cambridge, Brookline, and Quincy as well as many suburban communities farther from the city, is one of the largest metropolitan areas in the United States.
History
Boston's history spans nearly four centuries, and intertwines with the history of the United States.
Founded on September 17, 1630, on a narrow peninsula called Shawmut by Native Americans who lived there, Boston is named after Boston, England, a town in Lincolnshire from which several prominent colonists originated. Early colonists believed that Boston was a community with a special covenant with God. Winthrop's sermon, "a City upon a Hill," captured this idea. These values molded an extremely stable and well-structured society in Boston. Indeed, Puritan values of hard work, moral uprightness, and education remain a part of Boston's culture.
Boston was the birthplace of the American Revolution. The Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, and several early battles of the Revolution (such as the Battle of Lexington and Concord, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the Siege of Boston) occurred in or near the city. During this period, Paul Revere made his celebrated midnight ride.
Following the Revolution, Boston became one of the world's wealthiest international trading ports, exporting products such as rum, fish, salt and tobacco. It was chartered as a city in 1822, and by the mid-1800s it was one of the largest manufacturing centers in the nation, noted for its garment production, leather goods, and machinery industries. Boston's composition also changed as various groups, such as the Irish and Italians, moved into the city.
Recently, Boston has experienced a loss of regional institutions and traditions, which once gave it a very distinct social character, as it has become part of the more homogenized BosWash megalopolis. Despite these losses, Boston's ambiance has improved in recent years — city streets bustle with a vitality not seen since the 1920s, crime and poverty remain low for an American city, and once again Boston has become a hub of intellectual, technological, and political ideas. Nevertheless, the city also faced gentrification issues and rising living expenses.
Geography and climate
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 232.1 km² (89.6 mi²). 125.4 km² (48.4 mi²) of it is land and 106.7 km² (41.2 mi²) of it is water. The total area is 46.0% water. Boston is bordered by the cities of Revere, Chelsea, Everett, Somerville, Cambridge, Watertown, Newton, and Quincy, and the towns of Winthrop, Brookline, Needham, Dedham, Canton, and Milton – often known as, and considered a part of Greater Boston.
Much of the Back Bay, and South End are built on reclaimed land—two and a half of Boston's three original hills were used as a source of material for the landfill. Only Beacon Hill, the smallest of the three original hills, remains partially intact. Overall, the city's landscape consists of low-rise brick buildings on narrow winding streets. There are clusters of modern high-rises, notably in the Financial District, Government Center, Back Bay, and the South Boston waterfront.
The Charles River separates Boston from Cambridge, and Charlestown. To the east lies Boston Harbor and the Boston Harbor Islands, many of which are part of the Boston Harbor Islands National Recreation Area that is run by the National Park Service. The Neponset River forms the boundary between the city and its southeast neighbors, Quincy and Milton.
The weather in Boston, like much of New England, changes rapidly. It is not uncommon for the city to experience temperature swings of 54°F (30 °C) or more over the course of several days. The summers are usually warm and humid, while the winters are cold and windy. It has been known to snow in October and get quite warm in February. The hottest month is August, with an average high of 80 °F (27 °C) and a low of 64 °F (18 °C). The coldest month is January with an average high of 36 °F (2.2 °C) and a low of 22 °F (−5.6 °C).[1] The city averages 42 in (1,100 mm) of rainfall a year. It also coincidentally averages 42 in (110 cm) of snowfall a year, though this increases dramatically as one goes inland away from the city.
Demographics
| City of Boston Population by year[2] | |
|
1790 - 18,320 | |
As of the censusTemplate:GR of 2000, there are 589,141 people, 239,528 households, and 115,212 families residing in the city. The population density is 4,697/km² (12,166/mi²). There are 251,935 housing units at an average density of 2,009/km² (5,203/mi²). The Irish are the largest ethnic group in the city of Boston. Boston is the capital of "Irish America". The racial makeup of the city is 54.48% White, 25.33% Black or African American, 0.40% Native American, 7.52% Asian American, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 7.83% from other races, and 4.39% from two or more races. 14.44% of the population are Hispanic or Latino of any race. These figures become less reliable due to the large, partly undocumented Brazilian population, estimated by some studies to approach 250,000 in Massachusetts. Census data does not account for this significant segment of the community because of confusing terminology, as Brazilians speak Portuguese and often do not consider themselves specifically Hispanic, Latino, White or African American.
There are 239,528 households out of which 22.7% have children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.4% are married couples living together, 16.4% have a female householder with no husband present, and 51.9% are non-families. 37.1% of all households are made up of individuals and 9.1% have someone living alone who is 65 years of age or older. The average household size is 2.31 and the average family size is 3.17.
In the city the population is spread out with 19.8% under the age of 18, 16.2% from 18 to 24, 35.8% from 25 to 44, 17.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.4% who are 65 years of age or older. The median age is 31 years. For every 100 females there are 92.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there are 90.2 males.
The median income for a household in the city is $39,629, and the median income for a family is $44,151. Males have a median income of $37,435 versus $32,421 for females. The per capita income for the city is $23,353. 19.5% of the population and 15.3% of families are below the poverty line. Out of the total population, 25.6% of those under the age of 18 and 18.2% of those 65 and older are living below the poverty line.
The city, notable for having one of the most attractive and livable urban cores in the country, is divided into many neighborhoods. Allston/Brighton is populated mostly by students from nearby Boston University and recent graduates. The Back Bay, west of the Public Garden, is one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in the United States. Dorchester, being populated with every ethnic group, is probably the most diverse Boston neighborhood. Located next to Dorchester is South Boston, which is primarily comprised of Irish-Americans. The South End, south of the Back Bay, is populated largely by GLBTs, artists, yuppies, African Americans, and Hispanics—it is noted for its restaurant scene and bohemian atmosphere. Roxbury and Mattapan, located south of downtown, are populated largely by African Americans and Hispanics, as well as middle-class families priced out of more expensive neighborhoods. Other neighborhoods include: Bay Village, Beacon Hill, Charlestown, Chinatown, East Boston, Jamaica Plain, Fenway/Kenmore, the North End, Hyde Park, Roslindale, and West Roxbury.[3]
Law and government
Boston has a "strong mayor" system in which the mayor is vested with extensive executive powers. The mayor is elected to a four-year term by plurality voting. The City Council is elected every two years. There are nine wards or neighborhood seats, each elected by plurality voting by the residents of that ward. There are four at-large seats. Each voter casts up to four votes for at-large councilors, no more than one vote per candidate, and the candidates with the four highest vote totals are elected. The President of the City Council is elected by the Councilors from within themselves. The School Committee is appointed by the mayor, as are city department heads.
Boston has eight sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International, Inc. (SCI): Barcelona (Spain), Hangzhou (People's Republic of China), Kyoto (Japan), Melbourne (Australia), Padua (Italy), Strasbourg (France), Sekondi-Takoradi (Ghana), and Taipei (Taiwan).
State and federal agencies
In addition to city government, numerous state authorities and commissions play a role in the life of Bostonians, including the Department of Conservation and Recreation and the Massachusetts Port Authority (Massport), which operates Logan International Airport. Since the city is also the capital of Massachusetts, Boston plays a major role in state politics.
Boston is also the United States federal government center for New England. Properties include the John F. Kennedy Federal Office Building and the Thomas P. O'Neil Federal Building. The United States National Archives has a regional center in nearby Waltham. The city also serves as the home of the United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit as well as the headquarters of the 1st District of the Federal Reserve.
Crime
Boston's low crime rate in the last years of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st has been credited to its police department's collaboration with neighborhood groups and church parishes to prevent youths from joining gangs. In what has been touted as the "Boston Miracle," murders in the city dropped from 152 in 1990 (for a murder rate of 26.5 per 100,000 people) to just 31 — not one of them a juvenile — in 1999 (for a murder rate of 5.26 per 100,000).
In more recent years, however, the annual murder count has fluctuated by as much as 50% compared to the year before, with 60 murders in 2002, followed by just 39 in 2003 and 64 in 2004. Though the figures are nowhere near the high-water mark set in 1990, the aberrations in the murder rate have been unsettling for many Bostonians and have prompted discussion over whether the Boston Police Department should reevaluate its approach to fighting crime.[4][5][6]
Economy
Boston's colleges and universities have drawn high-tech industries to the city, including computer hardware and software companies like EMC Corporation (headquartered in Hopkinton) and Akamai (headquartered in nearby Cambridge), as well as biotechnology companies like Millennium Pharmaceuticals and Biogen Idec. Other important industries include financial services, especially mutual funds and insurance. Boston headquartered Fidelity Investments helped popularize the mutual fund in the 1980s, and has made Boston one of the top financial cities in the United States.
Shoe and athletic apparel maker Reebok is headquartered in nearby Canton (adidas-Salomon recently announced that it will acquire Reebok). Raytheon has its global headquarters in nearby Waltham while Novell also has its corporate headquarters there. Boston Scientific is located in Natick, and Gillette, owned by Proctor & Gamble is headquartered in Boston. Teradyne, one of the world's leading manufacturer of semiconductors and other electronic equipment, has its corporate headquarters located in Boston.
The Port of Boston is the largest and busiest seaport in Massachusetts. It is also a major seaport along the United States east coast as well as a major fishing port.
Education
Boston is well known for its colleges and universities, with the greater Boston area's being the home to over 100 colleges. Boston College, the first institution of higher education established in the city, was originally located in the South End before moving outside the city limits to Chestnut Hill. Its historic campus has subsequently expanded such that almost half of it is now within the city of Boston. Also founded in the city, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology first opened in what is now Boston's financial district and later established its campus in Back Bay near Copley Square before moving across the Charles River to Cambridge. Conversely, Boston University, now the city's second largest employer and among the largest private universities in the country, was originally established in Vermont and moved to its present campus in the early 20th century. Meanwhile Harvard University, the nation's oldest, and many would argue the most prestigious, university maintains its main campus in Cambridge. However, most of its current land holdings, including the Arnold Arboretum and its business and medical schools, are in Boston. Harvard has also announced plans to expand its main campus across the Charles River into Boston's Allston neighborhood.
Boston Public Schools, the oldest public school system in the U.S., enrolls 58,600 students from kindergarten to grade 12. The system operates 145 schools, which includes Boston Latin School (the oldest public school, established in 1635), English High (the oldest public high school, established 1821), and Mather (the oldest public elementary school, establised in 1639).[7] The city also has private, parochial, and charter schools. 3000 students of racial minorities attend participating suburban schools through the Metropolitan Educational Opportunity Council, or METCO.
Culture
Boston shares many cultural roots with greater New England, including a dialect of the Eastern New England accent popularly known as Boston English. The city has its own unique slang, which has existed for many years. Cuisine in Boston is similar to the rest of New England cuisine, in that it has a large emphasis on seafood and dairy products. Its most well-known dishes are New England clam chowder, fish and chips (usually with cod or schrod), baked beans, and fried clams. Boston was, and is still, a major destination of Irish immigrants. Irish Americans are a major influence on Boston's politics and religious institutions and consequently on the rest of Massachusetts.
Many consider Boston a highly cultured city, perhaps as a result of its intellectual reputation. Mark Twain once wrote of it, In New York they ask "how much money does he have?" In Philadelphia, they ask, "who were his parents?" In Boston they ask, "how much does he know?"[8] Much of Boston's culture originates at its universities.
Arts and entertainment
The Theater District, south of Boston Common, contains a number of ornate theatres, including the Cutler Majestic Theatre and The Wang Center for the Performing Arts. Avant garde theatres are scattered throughout the city, especially near Huntington Avenue. The Boston Ballet is a world-renowned classical dance company. Street performers can be found in and around Quincy Market near Faneuil Hall.
Boston is also home to a wide array of musical talent - from bands like Boston and Aerosmith - to the world-renowned Boston Symphony Orchestra, the famed Boston Pops, the Boston Symphony Chamber Players, the Boston Philharmonic, the Boston Lyric Opera Company, and the Handel and Haydn Society (the oldest choral company in the U.S.). There are also countless lesser known local musicians, thanks to a thriving underground music scene.
Events
Several major events occur annually in Boston. One of the most well known is First Night, which occurs during New Year's Eve. It is a major arts and activity festival which attracts over 1.5 million people. Started in 1976, it has since been emulated in other cities worldwide.
The Boston Globe Jazz and Blues Festival takes place each June; the Boston Early Music Festival takes place every odd-numbered year. During the summer, there are musical performances at the Bank of America Pavilion on the South Boston waterfront. Also during the summer is Harborfest, a week-long festival celebrating the Fourth of July. Another major event occurring during the July 4th holiday is Fourth of July on the Esplanade. The event is celebrated with fireworks and music by the Boston Pops.
The Boston Film Festival is held annually in early September. Also, the weekend following Labor Day, the boutiques on Newbury Street close as over thirty art galleries spill out onto the street, providing access to their contents during Art Newbury Street. Other events include the Saint Patrick's Day Parade and the Boston LBGT Pride parade and festival.
Media
The Boston Globe, owned by the New York Times Company, and The Boston Herald are Boston's two major daily newspapers. The city is also served by a number of smaller publications such as The Boston Phoenix and The Improper Bostonian.
Boston has the largest broadcasting market in New England, with the Boston radio market being the ninth largest in the United States.[9] Several major AM stations include talk radio WRKO 680 AM, sports/talk station WEEI 850 AM, and news radio WBZ 1030 AM. A variety of FM radio formats serve the area as well as NPR stations WBUR and WGBH. University radio stations include WZBC (Boston College), WERS (Emerson), WHRB (Harvard), WMBR (MIT), and WUMB (UMass Boston).
The Boston television DMA, which also includes Manchester, New Hampshire, is the fifth largest in the United States.[10] The city is served by stations representing every major American network including CBS (WBZ), ABC (WCVB), NBC (WHDH), FOX (WFXT), UPN (WSBK), and WB (WLVI). Boston is also home to PBS station WGBH, which also operates WGBX. WGBH is a major producer of PBS programs. There are several Spanish-language television stations including those of Univision (WUNI), TeleFutura (WUTF), and Telemundo (WNEU and simulcast on WTMU-LP). Most Boston television stations have their transmitters in nearby Needham and Newton.
Sites of interest
Due to the city's prominent role in the American Revolution, several historic sites relating to that period are preserved as part of the Boston National Historical Park. Many are found along the Freedom Trail, which is marked by a red line or bricks embedded in the ground. A full-scale replica the Beaver, one of the Boston Tea Party ships, is located on Fort Point Channel.
Also along the Freedom Trail is Boston Common, with the Boston Public Garden being adjacent. Boston Common is part of the Emerald Necklace, a string of parks designed by Frederick Law Olmstead. In the winter, the Frog Pond at Boston Common doubles as a popular ice-skating rink. Another major park is the Esplanade located along the banks of the Charles River. A major recreation site for many Bostonians, it is also the site of the Hatch Shell. Other parks are scattered throughout the city, with the major parks located near Castle Island, Charlestown, the Dorcester shoreline, and East Boston.
The city also has a number of modern The Back Bay district includes many prominent landmarks such as the Christian Science Center, Boston Public Library, Copley Square, and Newbury Street. Back Bay is also the home of two of New England's tallest buildings: the John Hancock Tower and the Prudential Center[11]. Near the John Hancock Tower is the old John Hancock Building with its prominent weather forecast beacon. Other notable districts/neighborhoods include Beacon Hill, Charlestown, Chinatown, Downtown Crossing, North End, and South Boston.
Boston is home to several world-renowned museums, including the Museum of Fine Arts, the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, and the Museum of Science. Other notable museums are located at Harvard University and MIT. The University of Massachusetts campus at Columbia Point houses the John Fitzgerald Kennedy Library. The New England Aquarium, Franklin Park Zoo, Boston Atheneum (one of the oldest independent libraries in the United States), and the Boston Children's Museum are located within the city.
There are also two self-guided walking tours: Harbor Walk, which is designed to allow people the walk the entire shore of Boston Harbor, and the Black Heritage Trail. A popular guided tour is the Boston Duck Tours, which uses World War II-era duck boats. The outer suburbs of Boston, which tend to be forested, have vibrantly colored foliage every autumn that attracts many tourists.
Sports
Club Sport League Venue Logo Boston Red Sox Major League Baseball American League Fenway Park Boston Red Sox Logo New England Patriots NFL American Football Conference Gillette Stadium New England Patriots Logo Boston Celtics Basketball National Basketball Association TD Banknorth Garden Boston Celtics Logo Boston Bruins Hockey National Hockey League TD Banknorth Garden Boston Bruins Logo New England Revolution Soccer Major League Soccer Gillette Stadium New England Revolution Logo
The TD Banknorth Garden near North Station is the home of two major league teams: the Boston Bruins ice hockey team (National Hockey League) and the Boston Celtics basketball team (National Basketball Association). The Celtics have the distinction of having more World Championships than any other NBA team with 16 championships from 1957 to 1986.
The baseball team Boston Red Sox is a member of the American League of Major League Baseball. They play at Fenway Park, located near Kenmore Square and is the oldest ballpark in active use in the United States. Boston was once the home of the National League baseball team Boston Braves as well as the site of the first World Series in 1903. The game was played between the Boston Americans (currently the Boston Red Sox) and the Pittsburgh Pirates [12].
Nearby Foxboro is the home of the New England Patriots (National Football League) and the New England Revolution (Major League Soccer). Both teams play at Gillette Stadium. Another major league team is the lacrosse team Boston Cannons of Major League Lacrosse. The team plays at Boston University's Nickerson Field.
Boston's many colleges and universities field sports teams. The most well-known include Boston College, Boston University, Northeastern University, and Harvard University. The hockey teams of these four universities meet every year in an immensely popular four team tournament known as the "Beanpot". The city is also the site of two other major annual sporting events: the Boston Marathon, the world-famous 26-mile run, and the Head of the Charles Regatta.
Infrastructure
Health and medicine
As the home to some of the world's most respected research hospitals, Boston enjoys an international reputation in the medical field. One such hospital is the Massachusetts General Hospital (Mass General), which is affiliated with the Harvard Medical School. Another hospital affiliated with Harvard Medical is Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Other medical institutions include Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, the Lahey Clinic, and Children's Hospital Boston. The New England Medical Center is affiliated with Tufts University while the Boston Medical Center is the primary teaching facility for the Boston University School of Medicine.
Transportation
Logan International Airport, located in the East Boston neighborhood, is the major airport serving Boston. Another airport serving the city and surrounding areas is Hanscom Field in Lexington and Bedford. T. F. Green Airport in Providence, Rhode Island, and Manchester Airport in Manchester, New Hampshire, are airports outside Massachusetts which serve as secondary facilities.
Boston's streets appear as though they were not planned—a common fiction is that they evolved from old cowpaths. Except for the Back Bay and part of South Boston, the city has no street grid. Roads change names and lose and add lanes seemingly at random. The city also has a number of rotaries, which have confused many drivers.
Boston is the eastern terminus of I-90, also known as the Mass Pike. I-95, which surrounds the city, is also known as Route 128. US 1 and I-93 runs north to south through the city. The most infamous portion, the Central Artery, runs through downtown Boston and was constantly prone to heavy traffic. Through the Big Dig, the elevated highway was replaced with a tunnel.
Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and Chicago lines originate at South Station and stop at Back Bay. Fast Northeast Corridor trains, which service New York City, Washington, D.C., and points in between, also stop at Route 128 Station in the southwestern suburbs of Boston. Meanwhile, Amtrak's Downeaster service to Maine originates at North Station.
Boston debuted the first subway in North America on September 1, 1897. Today, public transportation, branded as the "T", is operated by the MBTA. The MBTA operates subway lines, BRT, commuter rail, bus lines, and water shuttles.
Utilities
Water supply and sewage-disposal services are provided by the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA). Established as a public authority in 1984, the MWRA pipes water from the Quabbin and Wachusett Reservoirs in Western and Central Massachusetts for several communities within Greater Boston. The agency operates several facilities for sewage treatment, notably the Deer Island Wastewater Treatment Plant.
NSTAR distributes electric power to the city. Gas is provided by KeySpan (which purchased Boston Gas). Verizon, successor to New England Telephone, NYNEX, and Bell Atlantic, is the primary telephone service provider for the area. Cable television and cable braodband internet are provided by Comcast and RCN in select communities.
See also
- Notable Bostonians
- List of television shows set in Boston
- List of film, opera, and plays set in Boston
- Boston in fiction
- Fictional people from Boston
Notes
- ^ Records and Averages - Boston (2005). Yahoo! Weather. Accessed September 13, 2005.
- ^ Population of the 100 Largest Cities and Other Urban Places in the United States: 1790 to 1990 (June 1998). U.S. Census Bureau.
- ^ Boston - A City of Neighborhoods. CityOfBoston.gov.
- ^ Winship, Christopher (March 2002). End of a Miracle? Harvard University.
- ^ Boston Police Department's Monthly Crime Statistics (2005). CityOfBoston.gov.
- ^ Boston MA Crime Statistics (2002 - New Crime Data). areaConnect.com.
- ^ The Boston Public Schools at a Glance (2004). Boston Public School. Accessed October 5, 2005.
- ^ Phelan, Joseph (11-2004). Boston Marathon. Artcyclopedia. Accessed October 1, 2005.
- ^ Arbitron - Market Ranks and Schedule (1-50).
- ^ Nielsen Media - DMA Listing.
- ^ Boston Skyscrapers. Skyscrapers.com. Accessed May 15, 2005.
- ^ 1903 World Series - Major League Baseball: World Series History. MLB.com.
References
- . ISBN 0679002847.
{{cite book}}: Missing or empty|title=(help); Unknown parameter|Author=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|Publisher=ignored (|publisher=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|Title=ignored (|title=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|Year=ignored (|year=suggested) (help) - . ISBN 0316472824.
{{cite book}}: Missing or empty|title=(help); Unknown parameter|Author=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|Publisher=ignored (|publisher=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|Title=ignored (|title=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|Year=ignored (|year=suggested) (help) - . ISBN 1400010284.
{{cite book}}: Missing or empty|title=(help); Unknown parameter|Author=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|Publisher=ignored (|publisher=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|Title=ignored (|title=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|Year=ignored (|year=suggested) (help)
External links
- City's official website
- Maps of Boston neighborhoods
- Boston guide organized by square
- City information
- Greater Boston Convention & Visitors Bureau
- Guide to the local language
- Boston travel guide at Wikitravel
- Photos of Boston - Terra Galleria
