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1977 Tour de France

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1977 Tour de France
Race details
Dates30 June–24 July 1977
Stages22+Prologue, including five split stages
Distance4,092.9 km (2,543 mi)
Winning time115h 38' 30"
Results
Winner  Bernard Thevenet (France) (Peugeot)
  Second  Hennie Kuiper (Netherlands) (TI-Raleigh)
  Third  Lucien Van Impe (Belgium) (Lejeune)
Points  Jacques Esclassan (France) (Peugeot)
Mountains  Lucien Van Impe (Belgium) (Lejeune)
Youth  Dietrich Thurau (Germany) (TI-Raleigh)
  Sprints  Pierre-Raymond Villemiane (France) (Gitane-Campagnolo)
  Team TI-Raleigh
  Team points Peugeot
← 1976
1978 →

The 1977 Tour de France was the 64th Tour de France, taking place June 30 to July 24, 1977. The total race distance was 22 stages over 4096 km, with riders averaging 35.419 km/h.[1]

Lucien Van Impe, the winner of the previous year, wanted to repeat his victory. The main challenge came from Hennie Kuiper and Bernard Thévenet. Thévenet won with the smallest margin since the 1968 Tour de France.[2]

Differences from the 1976 Tour de France

The 1976 Tour de France had been focused around the mountains, with five hilltop finishes. In 1977, the climbing was de-emphasized, with only two hilltop finishes, and more emphasis on the time trials.[3]

For the first time, a "flying stage" was used, in the first stage. This stage was split in two parts, but there was no stop in between. After the riders reached the finish line of the first part, they immediately continued for the next part; if a group was ahead of the rest, they kept this advantage. The first riders to reach the finish of the flying stage were given prizes and points for the points classification as if it was a normal stage; the general classification was not changed.[4]

Participants

To ride the Tour, teams had to pay money. The other grand tours, the Giro and the Vuelta, paid the teams money to start. For financial reasons, some teams chose to avoid the Tour, and only 100 cyclists started the race, divided in ten teams of ten cyclists each. One of the notable absentees was Michel Pollentier.[5] The ten teams that did start the Tour were:[2]

Bernard Thévenet, the winner of 1975, was considered the main favourite, because the course of the race was considered suited to his talents. In March 1977, Thévenet had been penalized for a positive doping test in Paris–Nice.[3]

The winner of the 1976 edition, Lucien Van Impe, was specialized in climbing, so his chances in the 1977 edition with less mountains were slimmer. Two other contenders were team mates Raymond Delisle and Joop Zoetemelk, fourth and second in the 1976 edition. Hennie Kuiper, the reigning world champion, was also a favourite.[3]

Five-time winner Eddy Merckx was also competing, and was still considered an outsider for the victory, but he was no longer as dominant as before.

Race details

The prologue was won by Dietrich Thurau, who made his debut in the Tour. Thurau wanted to be the leader when the Tour would enter his native Germany in stage 13. In the second stage, big mountains were scheduled, unusually early in the race, and Thurau saw this as the biggest threat to this goal. When Van Impe, Thevenet and Kuiper were away leaving Thurau behind, Thurau worked together with Merckx, and they were able to get reach the leaders, and Thurau was able to win the sprint.[3]

The second part of the fifth stage was a time trial. Eddy Merckx, at that moment only 8 seconds behind Thurau, was expected to win enough time on Thurau to become the new leader, but surprisingly Thurau won the time trial, and extended his lead.[3]

Thurau was able to keep control of the race for the next stages, and when the Tour entered Germany, he was still leading the race, 51 seconds ahead of Merckx.[3]

The second part of the fifteenth stage was an individual mountain time trial, won by Zoetemelk. It was later revealed that Zoetemelk failed a doping test on that stage, so he was given a penalty of 10 minutes.[6] Second placed Van Impe was declared the winner of the stage in his stead. Thevenet became second in the stage, and took over the lead in the general classification, 11 seconds ahead of Thurau now in second place.[3]

Thurau was initially dropped in the sixteenth stage, but fought his way back to the main group, and won the sprint.

In the seventeenth stage, Van Impe attacked. Van Impe was only 33 seconds behind in the general classification, so was a direct threat to Thevenet. Thevenet chased him, followed by Kuiper and Zoetemelk, who let Thevenet do all the work. Van Impe was then hit by a television car, and needed a new rear wheel. While he was waiting for this, Kuiper escaped and passed Van Impe, followed by Thevenet. Kuiper won the stage, and decreased his margin to Thevenet to 8 seconds. Thevenet was angry at Zoetemelk and Kuiper for having him do the chase on Van Impe. The riders had gone so fast on that stage, that 30 cyclists finished outside the time limit, and were expelled from the race.[3]

The eighteenth stage was initially won by Agostinho, but he failed the doping test. The second placed cyclist, Menendez, also failed the doping test. The third placed cyclist was Merckx, but he had not been tested, so could not be given the stage victory. As a result, nobody is credited as the stage's winner.

At that point, there was only serious opportunities for Kuiper to win back time on Thevenet, the time trial of stage 20. Instead of winning back time, Kuiper lost 28 seconds, and only bad luck could stop Thevenet from winning the race.[3]

The last stages went without problems for Thevenet. The final time trial was won by Thurau, who thus won five stages in his debut Tour. Thevenet won some more seconds on Kuiper, and ended only 48 seconds ahead of Kuiper, the smallest margin since 1968.[2]

Stages

The 1977 Tour de France started on 30 June, and had two rest days, in Bordeaux and Freiburg.[7]

Stage results[2][8]
Stage Date Route Terrain Length Winner
P 30 June Fleurance Individual time trial 5 km (3.1 mi)  Dietrich Thurau (FRG)
1 1 July Fleurance – Auch Plain stage 237 km (147 mi)  Pierre-Raymond Villemiane (FRA)
2 2 July Auch – Pau Stage with mountain(s) 253 km (157 mi)  Dietrich Thurau (FRG)
3 3 July Oloron-Sainte-Marie – Vitoria-Gasteiz Stage with mountain(s) 248 km (154 mi)  José Nazabal (ESP)
4 4 July Vitoria-Gasteiz – Seignosse le Penon Stage with mountain(s) 256 km (159 mi)  Régis Delépine (FRA)
5A 5 July Morcenx – Bordeaux Plain stage 139 km (86 mi)  Jacques Esclassan (FRA)
5B Bordeaux – Bordeaux Individual time trial 30 km (19 mi)  Dietrich Thurau (FRG)
6 7 July Bordeaux – Limoges Plain stage 225 km (140 mi)  Jan Raas (NED)
7A 8 July Jaunay-Clan – Angers Plain stage 140 km (87 mi)  Patrick Sercu (BEL)
7B Angers Team time trial 4 km (2.5 mi) Fiat
8 9 July Angers – Lorient Plain stage 247 km (153 mi)  Giacinto Santambrogio (ITA)
9 10 July Lorient – Rennes Stage with mountain(s) 187 km (116 mi)  Klaus-Peter Thaler (FRG)
10 11 July Bagnoles-de-l'Orne – Rouen Plain stage 174 km (108 mi)  Fedor den Hertog (NED)
11 12 July Rouen – Roubaix Plain stage 242 km (150 mi)  Jean-Pierre Danguillaume (FRA)
12 13 July Roubaix – Charleroi Stage with mountain(s) 193 km (120 mi)  Patrick Sercu (BEL)
13A 14 July Freiburg – Freiburg Plain stage 46 km (29 mi)  Patrick Sercu (BEL)
13B Altkirch – Besançon Plain stage 160 km (99 mi)  Jean-Pierre Danguillaume (FRA)
14 16 July Besançon – Thonon-les-Bains Stage with mountain(s) 230 km (140 mi)  Bernard Quilfen (FRA)
15A 17 July Thonon-les-Bains – Morzine Stage with mountain(s) 105 km (65 mi)  Paul Wellens (BEL)
15B Morzine – Avoriaz Individual time trial 14 km (8.7 mi)  Lucien Van Impe (BEL)
16 18 July Morzine – Chamonix Stage with mountain(s) 121 km (75 mi)  Dietrich Thurau (FRG)
17 19 July Chamonix – Alpe d'Huez Stage with mountain(s) 185 km (115 mi)  Hennie Kuiper (NED)
18 20 July Rossignol Voiron – Saint-Étienne Stage with mountain(s) 199 km (124 mi) no winner
19 21 July Saint-Triver – Dijon Plain stage 172 km (107 mi)  Gerrie Knetemann (NED)
20 22 July Dijon – Dijon Individual time trial 50 km (31 mi)  Bernard Thévenet (FRA)
21 23 July Montereau-Fault-Yonne – Versailles Plain stage 142 km (88 mi)  Gerrie Knetemann (NED)
22A 24 July Paris Individual time trial 6 km (3.7 mi)  Dietrich Thurau (FRG)
22B Paris – Paris (Champs-Élysées) Plain stage 91 km (57 mi)  Alain Meslet (FRA)

The first stage from Fleurance to Auch was split in two parts: 140 km from Fleurance to Lectoure, directly followed by 97 km from Lectoure to Auch; the sprint in Lectoure counted as a flying stage, which was won by Jacques Esclassan.[9] Although this technically had the same status as all other stages, this flying stage is not shown in most overviews.

Results

There were several classifications in the 1977 Tour de France, four of them awarding jerseys to their leaders. The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.[10]

Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.[10]

There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorized some climbs as either first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorized climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a polkadot jersey.[10]

Another classification was the young rider classification. This was decided the same way as the general classification, but only neo-professionals were eligible, and the leader wore a white jersey.[11]

The fifth individual classification was the intermediate sprints classification. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only points were awarded on intermediate sprints. In 1977, this classification had no associated jersey.[12]

For the team classification, the times of the best three cyclists per team on each stage were added; the leading team was the team with the lowest total time. The riders in the team that lead this classification wore yellow caps.[13]

General classification

Final general classification (1–10)[2]
Rank Name Team Time
1  Bernard Thevenet (FRA) Peugeot 115h 38' 30"
2  Hennie Kuiper (NED) Raleigh +0' 48"
3  Lucien Van Impe (BEL) Lejeune +3' 32"
4  Francisco Galdos (ESP) KAS +7' 45"
5  Dietrich Thurau (GER) Raleigh +12' 24"
6  Eddy Merckx (BEL) Fiat +12' 38"
7  Michel Laurent (FRA) Peugeot +17' 42"
8  Joop Zoetemelk (NED) Miko +19' 22"
9  Raymond Delisle (FRA) Miko +21' 32"
10  Alain Meslet (FRA) Gitane +27' 31"

Other classifications

The combativity award was given to Gerrie Knetemann.[1]

Doping cases

Every day, five cyclists were tested for doping: the leader in the general classification, the winner of the stage, the runner-up of the stage, and two randomly selected cyclists, for a total of 110 tests.[16] Six cyclists tested positive for doping:[17]

  • Joop Zoetemelk (Pemoline in the 15th stage[18])
  • Sebastien Pozo (Pemoline in the 16th stage[19])
  • Antonio Menendez (Pemoline in the 17th and 18th stage[18])
  • Joaquim Agostinho (Pemoline in the 18th stage[18])
  • Fernando Mendes (Pemoline in the 18th stage[18])
  • Luis Ocaña (Pemoline in the 18th stage[18])

Sebastien Pozo was unable to provide urine within two hours for the doping control after the prologue, which is treated as a positive result.[16]

All were fined with 1000 Swiss Francs, received one month of provisional suspension, were set back to the last place in the stage and penalized with 10 minutes in the general classification.[18]

Directly after the Tour, there were rumours about Thevenet and Kuiper having used doping. The Tour officials came together, and made a statement that Thevenet was officially the winner of the Tour. Some months later, when Thevenet was in hospital, he admitted having used cortisone. His popularity plunged after that, and Thevenet was never again able to compete for the general classification.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b Augendre, Jacques (2009). "Guide Historique" (in French). Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-10-09. Retrieved 12 May 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ a b c d e f g "64ème Tour de France 1977" (in French). Memoire du cyclisme. Archived from the original on 25 May 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i McGann, Bill; McGann, Carol (2008). The Story of the Tour De France: 1965-2007. Dog Ear Publishing. pp. 104–111. ISBN 1-59858-608-4. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  4. ^ "Vliegende etappe-aankomst". Limburgsch Dagblad (in Dutch). Koninklijke Bibliotheek. 1 July 1977. p. 19. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  5. ^ "Onaantastbare positie Lévitan brokkelt af" (in Dutch). Leidsch Dagblad. 29 June 1977. p. 15. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  6. ^ a b Boyce, Barry (2009). "Merckx's Final Attempt for Glory". Cycling Revealed. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  7. ^ Augendre, Jacques (2009). "Guide Historique, Part 4" (PDF) (in French). Amaury Sport Organisation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 July 2010. Retrieved 17 June 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Zwegers, Arian. "Tour de France GC Top Ten". CVCC. Archived from the original on 2009-06-10. Retrieved 17 May 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ "Punten". Nieuwe Limburger (in Dutch). Koninklijke Bibliotheek. 2 July 1977. p. 21. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  10. ^ a b c Christian, Sarah (2 July 2009). "Tour de France demystified - Evaluating success". RoadCycling.co.nz Ltd. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
  11. ^ "TDF guides: White jersey". TeamSky.com. BSkyB. 22 June 2011. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  12. ^ Mark, Eddy van der. "Tour Xtra: Intermediate Sprints Classification". Chippewa Valley Cycling Club. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  13. ^ Chauner, David; Halstead, Michael (1990). The Tour de France Complete Book of Cycling. Villard. ISBN 0-679-72936-4. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
  14. ^ a b c d "Clasificaciones oficiales". El Mundo Deportivo (in Spanish). 25 July 1977. p. 19. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  15. ^ "Tour de France 1977". Cycling Archives. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  16. ^ a b "Controle op doping volgens oude regels". Nieuwe Leidsche Courant (in Dutch). 4 July 1977. p. 7. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  17. ^ "Tombés au champs d'honneur" (in French). Magazine Sport & Vie. July 2003. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  18. ^ a b c d e f "Thevenet: "Dit was Tour van de wraak"". Leidsch Dagblad (in Dutch). 25 July 1977. p. 9. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
  19. ^ "Spanjaard Pozo betrapt". Leidsch Dagblad (in Dutch). 22 July 1977. p. 11. Retrieved 12 May 2011.
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