1998 Winter Olympics
![]() | This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (February 2010) |
![]() Emblem of the 1998 Winter Olympics[a] | |
Location | Nagano, Japan |
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Motto | Coexistence with Nature (Japanese: 自然との共存, Shizen to no Kyōzon) |
Nations | 72 |
Athletes | 2,176 (1,389 men, 787 women) |
Events | 68 in 7 sports (14 disciplines) |
Opening | 7 February |
Closing | 22 February |
Opened by | |
Cauldron | |
Stadium | Nagano Olympic Stadium |
Winter Summer
1998 Winter Paralympics |
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Part of a series on |
1998 Winter Olympics |
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The 1998 Winter Olympics, officially the XVIII Olympic Winter Games (French: Les XVIIIes Jeux olympiques d'hiver)[1] (Japanese: 第十八回オリンピック冬季競技大会, Dai Jūhachi-kai Orinpikku Tōkikyōgi Taikai), and commonly known as Nagano 1998, was a winter multi-sport event celebrated from 7 to 22 February 1998 in Nagano, Japan.
72 nations and 2,176 participants contested in 7 sports and 68 events at 15 venues.[2] The Games saw the introduction of women's ice hockey, curling and snowboarding. National Hockey League players were allowed to participate in the men's ice hockey.
The host was selected on June 15, 1991, over Salt Lake City, Östersund, Jaca and Aosta. They were the third Olympic Games and second Winter Olympics to be held in Japan, after the 1964 Summer Olympics in Tokyo and the 1972 Winter Olympics in Sapporo. Nagano is so far the southernmost city to host a Winter Olympics, next to Squaw Valley, host of the 1960 Winter Olympics. The games were succeeded by the 1998 Winter Paralympics from 5 to 14 March. These were the final Winter Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Juan Antonio Samaranch.
Host city selection
Other candidate cities for the 1998 Olympics were Aosta, Italy; Jaca, Spain; Östersund, Sweden; and Salt Lake City, United States. The host city selection was held in Birmingham, United Kingdom, on 15 June 1991, at the 97th IOC session. Nagano prevailed over Salt Lake City by just 4 votes. In June 1995, Salt Lake was chosen as the host of the following 2002 Winter Olympics.
The Nagano Olympic bid committee spent approximately $14 million to entertain the 62 International Olympic Committee members and many of their companions. The precise figures are unknown since Nagano, after the IOC asked that the entertainment expenditures not be made public, destroyed the financial records.[3][4]
1998 Winter Olympics bidding results[5] | ||||||
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City | Country | Round 1 | Run-off | Round 2 | Round 3 | Round 4 |
Nagano | ![]() |
21 | — | 30 | 36 | 46 |
Salt Lake City | ![]() |
15 | 59 | 27 | 29 | 42 |
Östersund | ![]() |
18 | — | 25 | 23 | — |
Jaca | ![]() |
19 | — | 5 | — | — |
Aosta | ![]() |
15 | 29 | — | — | — |
Marketing
Mascots
Sukki, Nokki, Lekki and Tsukki, also known as the Snowlets are the 1998 Winter Olympic mascots and are four snowy owls. They represent respectively fire (Sukki), air (Nokki), earth (Lekki) and water (Tsukki) and together they represent the four major islands of Japan.
Sponsors
Sponsors of the 1998 Winter Olympics |
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Worldwide Olympic Partners |
Gold Sponsors
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Official Supporters and Suppliers
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Broadcasting rights
Austria
ORF
Australia
Seven Network
China
CCTV
Denmark
DR1
France
TF1, FTV
Finland
Yle
Germany
ARD
ZDF
Iceland
RÚV
Italy
RAI
Netherlands
NOS
Norway
NRK
Sweden
SVT
United Kingdom
BBC
United States
CBS Sports, Turner Sports
In the United States, this was CBS' last of three cycles as Winter Olympic broadcast partner. Turner Sports, through TNT, had been its cable television partner for the three competitions CBS was contracted to carry.
NBC, which had aired the Summer Olympics since 1988, took over the Winter Olympics beginning with the Salt Lake City Games, and its family of networks has been the exclusive home for the Olympics in the United States ever since.
Opening ceremony
Sports
The 1998 Winter Olympics featured 68 medal events over 14 disciplines in 7 sports.
- Biathlon
Biathlon (6) ( )
- Bobsleigh
Bobsleigh (2) ( )
- Curling
Curling (2) ( )
- Ice hockey
Ice hockey (2) ( )
- Luge
Luge (3) ( )
- Skating
Figure skating (4) ( )
Short track speed skating (6) ( )
Speed skating (10) ( )
- Skiing
Alpine skiing (10) ( )
Cross-country skiing (10) ( )
Freestyle skiing (4) ( )
Nordic combined (2) ( )
Ski jumping (3) ( )
Snowboarding (4) ( )
Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of medal events contested in each separate discipline.
Venues
- Hakuba Ski Jumping Stadium: Nordic combined (ski jumping), Ski jumping
- Happo'one Resort: Alpine skiing (Downhill, Super G, combined)
- Snow Harp, Kamishiro: Cross-country skiing, Nordic combined (cross-country skiing)
- Iizuna Kogen Ski Area: Freestyle skiing
- Spiral, Asakawa: Bobsleigh, Luge
- Kazakoshi Park Arena: Curling
Nagano
- Minami Nagano Sports Park: Ceremonies (opening/ closing)
- Aqua Wing Arena: Ice hockey
- Big Hat: Ice hockey (final)
- M-Wave: Speed skating
- White Ring: Figure skating, Short track speed skating
- Nozawa Onsen Ski Resort: Biathlon
- Mount Higashidate: Alpine skiing (giant slalom)
- Mount Yakebitai, Shiga Kogen Resort: Alpine skiing (slalom), Snowboarding (giant slalom)
- Kanbayashi Snowboard Park: Snowboarding (Half-Pipe)
Closing ceremony
Cost and cost overrun
The Oxford Olympics Study established the outturn cost of the Nagano 1998 Winter Olympics at USD 2.2 billion in 2015-dollars and cost overrun at 56% in real terms.[6] This includes sports-related costs only, that is, (i) operational costs incurred by the organizing committee for the purpose of staging the Games, e.g., expenditures for technology, transportation, workforce, administration, security, catering, ceremonies, and medical services, and (ii) direct capital costs incurred by the host city and country or private investors to build, e.g., the competition venues, the Olympic village, international broadcast center, and media and press center, which are required to host the Games. Indirect capital costs are not included, such as for road, rail, or airport infrastructure, or for hotel upgrades or other business investment incurred in preparation for the Games but not directly related to staging the Games. The cost and cost overrun for Nagano 1998 compares with costs of USD 2.5 billion and a cost overrun of 13% for Vancouver 2010, and costs of USD 51[7] billion and a cost overrun of 289% for Sochi 2014, the latter being the most costly Olympics to date. Average cost for Winter Games since 1960 is USD 3.1 billion, average cost overrun is 142%.
Participating National Olympic Committees
72 nations participated in the 1998 Winter Olympic Games. The nations Azerbaijan, Kenya, Macedonia, Uruguay, and Venezuela participated in their first Winter Olympic Games.
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/1998_Winter_Olympic_Games_countries.png/400px-1998_Winter_Olympic_Games_countries.png)
Calendar
- All dates are in Japan Standard Time (UTC+9)
Template:1998 Winter Olympics calendar
Medal table
These are the top ten nations that won medals at the 1998 Winter Games.
* Host nation (Japan)
Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
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1 | ![]() | 12 | 9 | 8 | 29 |
2 | ![]() | 10 | 10 | 5 | 25 |
3 | ![]() | 9 | 6 | 3 | 18 |
4 | ![]() | 6 | 5 | 4 | 15 |
5 | ![]() | 6 | 3 | 4 | 13 |
6 | ![]() | 5 | 4 | 2 | 11 |
7 | ![]() | 5 | 1 | 4 | 10 |
8 | ![]() | 3 | 5 | 9 | 17 |
9 | ![]() | 3 | 1 | 2 | 6 |
10 | ![]() | 2 | 6 | 2 | 10 |
Totals (10 entries) | 61 | 50 | 43 | 154 |
See also
References
Notes
- ^ The emblem represents a flower, with each petal representing an athlete practicing a different winter sport. It can also be seen as a snowflake, thus the name "Snowflower" was given to it.
Citations
- ^ "French and English are the official languages for the Olympic Games.", [1].(..)
- ^ "The Olympic Winter Games Factsheet" (PDF). International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 5 August 2012.
- ^ Jordan, Mary; Sullivan, Kevin (21 January 1999), "Nagano Burned Documents Tracing '98 Olympics Bid", Washington Post, pp. A1, retrieved 20 August 2016
- ^ Macintyre, Donald (1 February 1999). "Japan's Sullied Bid". Time Magazine. Retrieved 20 August 2016.
- ^ "Past Olympic host city election results". GamesBids. Archived from the original on 17 March 2011. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help) - ^ Flyvbjerg, Bent; Stewart, Allison; Budzier, Alexander (2016). The Oxford Olympics Study 2016: Cost and Cost Overrun at the Games. Oxford: Saïd Business School Working Papers (Oxford: University of Oxford). pp. 9–13. SSRN 2804554.
- ^ "Sochi 2014: the costliest Olympics yet but where has all the money gone?". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- "Nagano 1998". Olympics.com. International Olympic Committee.
- Template:IOC medals
- The Organizing Committee for the XVIII Olympic Winter Games, Nagano 1998 (1998). The XVIII Winter Olympic Games: Official Report. The Organizing Committee for the XVIII Olympic Winter Games.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) Downloadable PDF: Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3, Appendix, retrieved on 17 January 2010. - 1998 Winter Olympics Official website