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2022 French presidential election

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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Unknown Temptation (talk | contribs) at 17:25, 12 April 2022 (added historic low to major parties to lead and presence of Melenchon in first round, leading with the young and in the capital.). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

2022 French presidential election
← 2017 10 April 2022 (first round)
24 April 2022 (second round)		 2027 →
Opinion polls
Registered48,803,175[3]
Turnout73.69% as of 00:00 (UTC +2)[1]
Reporting
100%
as of 00:00:00 CEST[2]
 
Emmanuel Macron in 2019.jpg
Marine Le Pen 2022 (cropped).jpg
Nominee Emmanuel Macron Marine Le Pen
Party LREM RN
Map of the results of the French presidential election by region and department in the first round
Map of the results of the French presidential election by region and department in the second round
President before election

Emmanuel Macron
LREM

Elected President

TBD

The first round of France's 2022 presidential election was held on 10 April. A run-off will be held between the top two candidates on 24 April 2022. The incumbent president, Emmanuel Macron from La République En Marche! (LREM), who won in 2017 and whose first term lasts until 13 May 2022, announced on 3 March 2022 that he was launching his re-election bid to a second five-year term for which he is eligible under the Constitution of France. His opponent in the second round will be Marine Le Pen, leader of the National Rally (RN), whom he defeated in 2017.[4][5][6]

Valérie Pécresse, the candidate for The Republicans, took under 5% of the vote in the first round, the worst result in the history of the party or its Gaullist predecessors. Mayor of Paris Anne Hidalgo received 1.75% of the vote, the worst in the history of the Socialist Party (PS).[7] Jean-Luc Mélenchon of La France Insoumise (LFI) came third in the first round with 21.95% of the vote, coming first in the 25-34 age group and in Île-de-France.[8][9]

The election will take place just before the 2022 legislative election, that will be held on 12 June with runoffs on 19 June, to elect the 577 members of the National Assembly, the lower house of the French Parliament. As of 2022, no president has won re-election since the 2002 French presidential election.

Background

Official logo of the election

Under Article 7 of the Constitution of France, the President of the Republic is elected to a five-year term in a two-round election. If no candidate secures an absolute majority of votes in the first round, a second round is held two weeks later between the two candidates who received the most votes.[10] According to the Constitution of France, the first round of the presidential election must be held between 20 and 35 days before the transition of power at the end of the five-year term of the incumbent officeholder. As Emmanuel Macron took office on 14 May 2017, the transition of power is expected to take place on 13 May 2022. Correspondingly, the first round of the presidential election will be held between 8 and 23 April 2022, with the second round held two weeks after the first.[11] On 13 July 2021, Government Spokesman Gabriel Attal announced the dates for the election, respectively 10 April 2022 for the first round and 24 April 2022 for the eventual second round.[12]

To be listed on the first-round ballot, candidates needed to secure 500 signatures (often referred to as parrainages in French) from national or local elected officials from at least 30 different departments or overseas collectivities, with no more than a tenth of these signatories from any single department. The signatures were submitted to the Constitutional Council, which is the sole authority to designate participants.[13]

Campaign

Following the 2017 presidential election, The Republicans (LR) sent its members a questionnaire on the topic of the "refoundation" of the party; of the 40,000 respondents, 70% voted against an open primary like that which was held in 2016 to determine the party nominee.[14] In a document dated 17 October 2017, the Socialist Party (PS) noted that the financing of the 2022 presidential campaign was not assured despite "economic restructuring" but still planned to spend €12,000,000, the maximum legally permitted before the first round. According to the report, the party's leadership had seriously considered the possibility of not presenting a Socialist candidate in 2022.[15]

Marine Le Pen, the president of the National Rally (RN), announced on 16 January 2020 that she was running in the election. She previously ran in the 2012 and 2017 presidential elections as the party's candidate, then called the National Front. She came third in 2012 with 17.9% of the vote in the first round and second in 2017 with 21.3% of the vote in the first round and 33.9% of the vote in the second round. Le Pen was elected to the National Assembly in the 2017 legislative election.[16]

Jean Lassalle, who ran in the 2017 presidential election under the Résistons! banner, coming in seventh place with 1.2% of the vote, announced that he will run again.[17] In 2020, MP Joachim Son-Forget, a radiologist who was elected to the National Assembly for La République En Marche! in 2017, formed a new political party called Valeur Absolue and announced his intention to enter the race for the presidency. He had resigned from the LREM group after posting tweets in 2018 that were deemed sexist; he then joined the UDI and Independents group in 2019 before resigning his membership later that year.[18]

On 8 November 2020, Jean-Luc Mélenchon, founder of La France Insoumise (LFI), announced that he was running in the election. He previously ran in the 2012 presidential election for the Left Front (coming fourth with 11.1% of the vote in the first round) and in the 2017 presidential election for La France Insoumise (coming fourth again with 19.5% of the vote in the first round). Mélenchon was elected to the National Assembly in 2017.[19]

In November 2021, Ensemble Citoyens was founded. It is a political coalition composed of the presidential majority led under Emmanuel Macron.[20]

In January 2022, Éric Zemmour's party, Reconquête, founded the month prior, gained a member of the National Assembly in Guillaume Peltier, previously elected as a member of The Republicans,[21] as well as two Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) when Jérôme Rivière and Gilbert Collard defected from Le Pen's National Rally.[22][23] Previously, Son-Forget, who had declared he would run for the presidency, rallied behind Zemmour's candidacy. In early February 2022, the party gained a third MEP when Maxette Grisoni-Pirbakas defected from the National Rally.[24] Stéphane Ravier became Zemmour's first supporter in the Senate after he left the National Rally mid-February 2022.[25]

In February 2022, a wave of defections hit Valérie Pécresse, candidate put forward by The Republicans, in favour of Macron.[26] She was accused by members of the party's centrist wing of trying to pander to the voters of Zemmour,[27] whose sharp rise in the polls has been qualified as "meteoric".[28] During a rally in February 2022, Pécresse said "in ten years time (...) will we be a sovereign nation, a US satellite or a Chinese trading post? Will we be unified or divided? Nothing is written, whether it is loss of economic status, or the Great Replacement". She was criticised for referring to the Great Replacement; she later said that her mention was not an endorsement of what she considered to be a "theory of hate".[29][30][31][32] She was widely seen to make the comments of the Great Replacement to counter her two major far-right rival candidates, Le Pen and Zemmour.

The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine that began on 24 February had significant implications for the campaign. As media coverage switched to covering the war, Macron's polling improved significantly during the crisis.[33] Le Pen and Zemmour were made to explain historic statements of praise for Vladimir Putin.[34][35][36] In a 14 March 2022 interview with newspaper Le Figaro, Senate President Gérard Larcher, a supporter of Pécresse, put into question the legitimacy of a possible second Macron term, stating: "If there is no campaign, the question of the legitimacy of the winner will arise."[37] Those comments echoed Macron's refusal to participate in any debate with the other candidates prior to the election's first round.[38]

Marion Maréchal of the Le Pen family, granddaughter of National Front (renamed National Rally in 2018) founder Jean-Marie Le Pen and niece of its current leader Marine Le Pen, formalised her support for Zemmour at a large rally in Toulon on 6 March 2022.[39][40]

In the final days before the first round of voting, Le Pen's polling numbers improved to within the margin of error of defeating Macron in the second round, while those of Pécresse and Zemmour fell.[41][42][43] Mélenchon's polling numbers also surged in the final days of campaigning.[44][45][46]

Endorsements for second round

Candidate Macron Le Pen
Nathalie Arthaud No endorsement[47][48]
Fabien Roussel ☒N[49][50]
Jean Lassalle No endorsement[51][52]
Éric Zemmour checkY[53]
Jean-Luc Mélenchon ☒N[53]
Anne Hidalgo checkY[53]
Yannick Jadot checkY[53][54]
Valérie Pécresse checkY[53][55]
Philippe Poutou ☒N[56]
Nicolas Dupont-Aignan checkY[57]

Mélenchon, Poutou and Roussel stated their opposition to Le Pen but did not endorse Macron. Arthaud and Lassalle both said they will vote blank with Lassalle saying he trusts the French people to do what's right.[51]

Candidates

On 7 March 2022, the Constitutional Council published the names of the twelve candidates who received 500 valid sponsorships, with the order of the list determined by drawing lots.[58]

Declined to participate

Sponsorships

A candidate must secure 500 Présentation signatures from elected officials in order to appear on the first-round ballot, with the signature collection period ending on 4 March.[74] The table below lists sponsorships received by the Constitutional Council by candidate.[75] In the form this is named a présentation when the mass media name it parrainage. There were 46 persons who received sponsorship as of the closing date deadline of March 4, 2022. Some of them received sponsorship without being candidates. One sponsored himself. Candidates labeled SE ("sans etiquette") do not belong to any professional political party.

Colour legend
1–50 51–100 101–150 151–200 201–250 251–300 301–350 351–400 401–450 451–500 500+
Signatures received by the Constitutional Council as of 7 March[75]
Candidate Party 1 Feb 3 Feb 8 Feb 10 Feb 15 Feb 17 Feb 22 Feb 24 Feb 1 Mar 3 Mar 4 Mar Total Notes
Christian-Jacques Arnal SE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Not a candidate
Nathalie Arthaud LO 12 126 230 51 90 20 30 3 6 2 6 576 500 signatures validated by 15 February
François Asselineau UPR 10 46 115 22 17 7 24 6 16 16 14 293
Michel Barnier LR 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Not the nominee of LR
Corinne Bekaert SE 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 1 1 0 1 6
Christophe Blanchet LREM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Not a candidate
Jean-Louis Borloo UDI[a] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Not a candidate
Thierry Cahez SE 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Marie Cau SE 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 2 1 8
Bernard Cazeneuve PS 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Michel Chaudot SE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Arnaud Chiche SE 0 1 3 1 3 0 1 0 3 4 5 21
Patrick Cojan SE 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Not a candidate
Vincent Delaby SE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Carole Delga PS 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Not a candidate
Nicolas Dupont-Aignan DLF 10 67 155 48 80 19 43 35 75 50 18 600 500 signatures validated by 1 March
Clara Egger SE 0 3 3 1 6 3 6 2 4 6 2 36
Bertrand Fessard de Foucault SE 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Éric Régis Fiorile SE 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2
Jean-Marc Fortané SE 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 4 2 3 12
Jean Baptiste Giffon SE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1
Raphaël Glucksmann PP 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Not a candidate
Cédric Herrou SE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Anne Hidalgo PS 48 218 386 138 217 67 103 49 92 69 43 1,440 500 signatures validated by 8 February
François Hollande PS 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Not a candidate
Yannick Jadot EELV 11 69 188 57 125 40 75 50 54 20 23 712 500 signatures validated by 22 February
Alexandre Juving-Brunet SE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2
Anasse Kazib RP 1 20 63 15 17 6 6 2 14 5 11 155
Gaspard Koenig S 0 2 21 4 1 3 7 11 23 19 16 107
Georges Kuzmanovic RS 1 8 16 2 8 3 2 2 3 1 3 48
Nicolas Lacroix LR 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 Not a candidate
Yaya Lam SE 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Jean Lassalle RES[b] 15 109 192 66 89 32 58 18 23 18 22 642 500 signatures validated by 17 February
Christian Laurut SE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 2
Marine Le Pen RN 2 33 104 135 57 35 27 21 89 100 19 622 500 signatures validated by 1 March
Emmanuel Macron LREM 105 424 397 124 210 85 118 81 241 189 124 2,098 500 signatures validated by 3 February
Philippe Célestin Marechal SE 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Self-sponsored
Antoine Martinez VPF 0 0 5 0 2 2 1 1 1 1 0 13
Philippe Mazuel PACE 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Jean-Luc Mélenchon LFI 14 86 124 34 74 38 72 98 268 65 33 906 500 signatures validated by 24 February
Emmanuelle Ménard EXD 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Not a candidate
Guillaume Meurice SE 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 0 6 Not a candidate
Nicolas Miguet RCF 0 2 7 0 3 0 0 6 9 8 5 40
Arnaud Montebourg DVG 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 Withdrew candidacy on 19 January
Paul Montserrat SE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Valérie Pécresse LR 34 290 615 310 575 121 198 128 186 99 80 2,636 500 signatures validated by 8 February
Thomas Pesquet SE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 Not a candidate
Édouard Philippe Horizons 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Not a candidate
Florian Philippot LP 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Withdrew candidacy on 18 February
Philippe Poutou NPA 4 50 73 19 42 11 25 19 99 97 157 596 500 signatures validated by 4 March
Stéphanie Rivoal SE 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2
Martin Rocca SE 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 5 1 0 9
Antoine Rocquemont SE 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Fabien Roussel PCF 30 129 167 55 111 37 53 11 20 6 7 626 500 signatures validated by 17 February
François Ruffin PD 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Not a candidate
Laëtitia Saint-Paul LREM 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Not a candidate
Josef Schovanec SE 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 Not a candidate
Rafik Smati OF 0 0 2 0 3 2 1 0 1 0 1 10
Christiane Taubira Walwari 0 8 28 11 26 13 18 24 53 60 33 274 Withdrew candidacy on 2 March
Hélène Thouy PA 2 20 26 8 14 4 15 8 17 10 15 139
Gildas Vieira LaFRA 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2
Antoine Waechter MEI 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 3 0 7
Stéphane Wendlinger SE 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Éric Zemmour REC 14 44 91 32 69 41 59 65 205 101 20 741 500 signatures validated by 1 March
Total 313 1,756 3,017 1,139 1,851 593 948 648 1,523 963 12,751


Primaries and congresses

Ecologist primary

Main article: 2021 French Green Party presidential primary

In September 2021, the Ecology Pole organised a presidential primary to determine their candidate. The following candidates participated in this primary:[76]

Nominee

Eliminated

Socialist primary

In October 2021, the Socialist Party had its primary. Mayor of Paris Anne Hidalgo won with 72% of the vote.[80][81]

Nominee

Eliminated

The Republicans congress

Main article: 2021 The Republicans congress

The Republicans selected their candidate via a congress of party members. On 4 December 2021, Valérie Pécresse won the nomination with 60.95% of the votes against Éric Ciotti.[82][83]

Nominee

Eliminated

People's Primary

Main article: 2022 French People's Primary

Independent activists launched a primary with the intention of nominating a unity left-wing candidate. The voting took place online from 27 to 30 January 2022. Of the seven candidates listed in the primary, three declined to participate.[84] The primary was conducted according to a majority judgment voting system, in which all voters are to rate all candidates, with the candidate with the highest median rating winning.[85]

Nominee

Eliminated

Opinion polls

See also: Opinion polling for the 2022 French presidential election and Opinion polling on the Emmanuel Macron presidency

The trendlines below are constructed using local regressions.[86]

Results

Template:Import-blanktable

Summary of the 10 April and 24 April 2022 French presidential election results[87]
Candidate Party 1st round
10 April 2022 		2nd round
24 April 2022
Votes % Votes %
Emmanuel Macron La République En Marche! LREM 9,785,578 27.84
Marine Le Pen National Rally RN 8,136,369 23.15
Jean-Luc Mélenchon La France Insoumise LFI 7,714,949 21.95
Éric Zemmour Reconquête R! 2,485,935 7.07
Valérie Pécresse The Republicans LR 1,679,470 4.78
Yannick Jadot Europe Ecology – The Greens EELV 1,628,337 4.63
Jean Lassalle Résistons! RES 1,101,690 3.13
Fabien Roussel French Communist Party PCF 802,615 2.28
Nicolas Dupont-Aignan Debout la France DLF 725,356 2.06
Anne Hidalgo Socialist Party PS 616,651 1.75
Philippe Poutou New Anticapitalist Party NPA 268,984 0.77
Nathalie Arthaud Lutte Ouvrière LO 197,184 0.56
Total 35,143,118 100.00
Valid votes 35,143,118 97.83
Blank ballots 543,638 1.51
Invalid ballots 237,023 0.66
Turnout 35,923,779 73.69
Not voted 12,824,135 26.31
Registered voters 48,747,914

Official results published by the Constitutional Council –1st round result

Vote share - 1st round
Emmanuel Macron
 
 27.84%
Marine Le Pen
 
 23.15%
Jean-Luc Mélenchon
 
 21.95%
Éric Zemmour
 
 7.07%
Valérie Pécresse
 
 4.78%
Yannick Jadot
 
 4.63%
Jean Lassalle
 
 3.13%
Fabien Roussel
 
 2.28%
Nicolas Dupont-Aignan
 
 2.06%
Anne Hidalgo
 
 1.75%
Philippe Poutou
 
 0.77%
Nathalie Arthaud
 
 0.56%

First round

By department

By region

Maps

  • Simplified 2022 French Presidential Election First Round Map
    Simplified 2022 French Presidential Election First Round Map
  • 2022 French Presidential Election First Round in Petite Couronne by Commune
    2022 French Presidential Election First Round in Petite Couronne by Commune

Second round

The second round will be held on 24 April 2022.

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ The Union of Democrats and Independents (UDI) announced it would support the candidate put forward by The Republicans (LR), Valérie Pécresse.
  2. ^ Jean Lassalle, candidate put forward by Résistons! (RES), is financially supported by Régions et Peuples Solidaires (RPS).

References

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