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List of World War II aces from Germany

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Two aircraft were the backbone of the Luftwaffe fighter force during World War II: the Messerschmitt Bf 109 (shown above) and the Focke-Wulf Fw 190.

This is a list of fighter aces in World War II from Germany. A flying ace or fighter ace is a military aviator credited with shooting down five or more enemy aircraft during aerial combat.[1] It is relatively certain that 2,500 German fighter pilots attained ace status, having achieved at least 5 aerial victories.[2] This article lists 890 (updated as of October 2017) of these aces.

German day and night fighter pilots claimed roughly 70,000 aerial victories during World War II, over 25,000 British or American and over 45,000 Russian-flown aircraft. 103 German fighter pilots shot down 100 or more enemy aircraft, for a total of approximately 15,400 victories. Approximately 360 German fighter pilots shot down from 40 to 99 enemy aircraft for a total of approximately 21,000 victories. Approximately 500 German fighter pilots shot down from 20 to 39 enemy aircraft for a total of approximately 15,000 victories. These achievements were honored with 453 German day fighter pilots and Zerstörer (destroyer) fighter pilots and 85 German night fighter pilots (including 14 crew members), for a total of 538 German fighter pilots, receiving the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross.[3]

German losses, on the other hand, were very high as well. Roughly 12,000 German day fighter pilots were killed or are still missing in action, with a further 6,000 being wounded. The Zerstörer (destroyer) pilots suffered about 2,800 casualties, either killed or missing in action, plus another 900 wounded in action. German night fighter losses were also high, in the magnitude of 3,800 pilots or crew members killed or missing and 1,400 wounded. Hans-Ulrich Rudel was the most decorated flying ace in the Luftwaffe, primarily as a ground-attack bomber pilot with over 800 vehicles destroyed in addition to his victories over opposing aircraft.[4]

Background

There are a number of reasons why Germany's highest-scoring pilots shot down many more aircraft than the most successful Allied pilots. During the first years of the war, German day fighter pilots tended to enjoy favourable tactical circumstances; for instance, during the Battle of Britain British pilots generally tried to attack the German bombers rather than the fighters protecting them. German combat tactics during this period also tended to be superior to those of the Allies, with formation leaders in particular often having a higher chance of success.[5]

Formal and informal Luftwaffe practices also contributed to the high numbers of victories achieved by some pilots. The normal practice in fighter units was for the highest-scoring pilot to lead formations, regardless of their rank, which placed them in the best position to shoot down Allied aircraft. The German pilots also typically conducted much more combat flying than their Allied equivalents: while the western Allied air forces frequently rested their fighter pilots or rotated them out of combat zones after a certain number of missions or flying hours, German pilots were required to fly until they became casualties.[6]

Accuracy of claims

Main article: Confirmation and overclaiming of aerial victories

During the 1990s, the German archives made available to the public, including microfilm rolls of wartime records not seen since January 1945.[7] They show that although the Luftwaffe generally did not accept a "kill" without a witness (in which instance it was considered only a probable and didn't count in the victory scoring process), some pilots habitually submitted unwitnessed claims and these sometimes made it through the verification process, particularly if they were made by pilots with established records.[7] Unlike all of the other air forces that fought during World War II, the Luftwaffe did not accept shared claims, but sometimes it happened. Each claim should have referred to a particular aircraft, but some victories were awarded to other pilots who had claimed the destruction of the same aircraft.[7] From mid-year 1943 through 1944, the OKW communiques often overstated Allied bomber losses by a factor of up to two; these claims existed only in the communiques and weren't used in victory scoring. Defenders of the German fighter pilots maintain that overclaims were eliminated during the confirmation process, but the microfilms show that this wasn't always the case.[7] Stringent reviews and comparisons of Allied archives and German archives show that 90 percent of the claims submitted were confirmed, or found to be "in order" for confirmation, up to the time the system broke down altogether in 1945.[7]

  This along with the * (asterisk), indicates that the pilot was either killed in action (KIA), missing in action (MIA), died of wounds (DOW) or killed in a flying accident (KIFA).
  This and the / (slash) indicates information discrepancies listed by Caldwell, Obermaier, Sprick, Matthews and Foreman.

A

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Franz Achleitner Leutnant 5 Kracker JG 3 POW 24.August.1940
Vilim Acinger Hauptmann 16/9/1 Kracker JG 52 Killed May.1945
Hans Adam* Leutnant 11[8] JG 51 KIA 12 March 1945
Heinz-Günther Hans Adam* 7/5[8][9] JG 26 KIFA 20 December 1942Kracker
Helmut Adam* Unteroffizier 12[8] JGr Ost, JG 52 KIA 1 July 1942
Hans Adelhütte* Oberleutnant 20/15 Kracker KG 41, KG 3, NJG 7, NJG 3 KIA 13 August 1944
Horst Ademeit* Major 166[10]/160[8] JG 54 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 7 August 1944
Walter Adolph* Hauptmann 28/25/24 (+1 in Spain; +4 unconfirmed)[11]/21[8] J/88, JG 27, JG 26 Knight's Cross
KIA 18 September 1941
Ulrich Adrian Oberleutnant 5 JG 2 KIFA 5 October 1941 (aged 26)

Kracker

Gustav Ahlbrand* Unteroffizier 14[8] JG 52 KIA 22 August 1943
Hans-Joachim Ahlert* Leutnant 7/5 Kracker JG 77, JG 27 KIA 13 August 1944
Heinrich-Wilhelm Ahnert* Oberfeldwebel 57[11][8] JG 52 Knight's Cross
KIA 15 August 1942
Peter Ahrens Leutnant 11[9][8] JG 26 KIFA 4.03.1945
Elmar Ahrensmeyer Feldwebel 16 Kracker JG 51
Johann Aistleitner* Hauptmann 13/11[12]/12[8] JG 26 KIA 14 January 1944
Egon Albrecht-Lemke* 25[11]/18+[8] ZG 76, SKG 210, ZG 1, JG 76 Knight's Cross
KIA 25 August 1944
Heinz Albrecht* Oberfeldwebel 6+[8] JG 11 KIA 2 May 1945
Luis Moreno Abella Alcocer Oberleutnant 5 JG 27 KIFA 2.10.1941

Kracker

Vicente Aldecoa Leutnant 7 JG 51

Kracker

Rudolf Alf* Oberfeldwebel 12 Kracker JG 2, JG 7 KIFA 26 November 1944
Günther Allmenröder Feldwebel 6 Kracker JG 51 POW 22 January 1943
Herbert Aloe* Hauptmann 35[8] JG 54 German Cross
KIA 21 June 1944
Antonio Alos 5 JG 51

Kracker

Heinz Hans Altendorf Oberleutnant 24[8] JG 53 German Cross POW 16 December 1941
Rudolf Altendorf Hauptmann 24 Kracker LG 1, NJG 3, NJG 4, NJG 5
Altmann 5 NJG 4

Kracker

Richard Herbert Altner Leutnant 26/25 NJG 3, NJG 5, NJG 11

Kracker

Ernst-Georg Altnorthoff Oberleutnant 11[8] JG 27
Alfred Ambs Leutnant 8[8] JG 7
Friedhelm Amelung 6/5 JG 2

Kracker

Heinz-Günther Amelung Major 5 StG 77, Staff IV Flieger Corps

Kracker

Hermann Amend Unteroffizier 9 JG 5 KIA 5 August 1944

Kracker

Kaspar Amhausend 5 JG 2 KIA 15.9.1940

Kracker

Georg Amon Oberfeldwebel 9 JG 53

Kracker POW 2 April 1945

Peter "Pit" Andel Leutnant 6[12][8] JG 26
Ernst Andres Hauptmann 28 KG 2, KG 4, NJG 4 KIA 12.2.1945

Kracker

Werner Andres Oberstleutnant 5 JG 3

Kracker

Lorenz Andresen Oberleutnant 8/5+[8] JG 5 KIA 20 July 1944
Heinz Angres Fahnenjunkerfeldwebel 10 JG 3 KIA 16.10.1944

Kracker

Paul Angst Leutnant 5 JG 3

Kracker

Robert Anlauf Feldwebel 10/5 JG 52 KIA 28.3.1945

Kracker

Walter Appel Gefreiter 5 JG 27 KIA 14.6.1944

Kracker

Jose Damaso Arango-Lopez Oberleutnant 9 JG 51

Kracker

Elmar Arensmeyer Unteroffizier 16 JG 51, JG 101, EJG Ost

Kracker

Heinz Arnold* Oberfeldwebel 49/48[8] JG 5, JG 7 KIA 17 April 1945
Walter Arnold Leutnant 8/6[8] JG 27
Hans Jakob Arnoldy 9/7 JG 77, EJG Ost KIA 15 April 1941

Kracker

Rudolf Artner Unteroffizier 20[8] JG 5
Heinrich Asche 8[8] JG 54
Roloff von Aspern* Oberleutnant 19[8] JG 21, JG 76, JG 54 KIA 17 November 1940
Hermann Aubrecht Oberfeldweble 31/28[8] JG 51 German Cross
Fritz Auffhammer Oberstleutnant 5 JG 301, KG 3, KG 100 KIA 15 April 1941

Kracker

Hans-Heinz Augenstein* Hauptmann 46[13]/41[8] NJG 1 Knight's Cross
KIA 7 December 1944
Jakob Augustin* Leutnant 16[8] JG 2 MIA 15 July 1942
Hans Autenreith Hauptmann 22 NJG 1, NJG 4 KIA 6.12.1944

Kracker

Alois Auth Unteroffizier 5 JG 300 KIA 7.10.1944

Kracker

Zdenko Avdic Leutnant 10 JG 52, JG 104

Kracker

Luis Azqueta-Brunet Oberleutnant 6 JG 51

Kracker

B

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Sophus Baagoe* Hauptmann 14[14] ZG 76 Knight's Cross
KIA 14 May 1941
Werner Baake 41[13]/43[14] NJG 1 Knight's Cross † 15 July 1964 (aged 45)
Emil Babenz Oberfeldwebel 23[14] JG 26, JG 53 German Cross
Herbert Bachnick* Leutnant 80[15]/78[14] JG 52 Knight's Cross
KIA 7 August 1944
Erwin Bacsila Major 34 ZG 1, JG 26, JG 52, JG 77, JG 400, JG 3, JG 301
Johann Badum* Leutnant 54[16] JG 77 Knight's Cross
KIA 12 January 1943
Jens Bahnsen* Feldwebel 18 JG 27, JG 53
Günther Bahr Oberfeldwebel 37[17]/35[14] NJG 6 Knight's Cross
Hans-Joachim Bahr 7 JG 5
Wilhelm Balthasar* Major 47(+7 in Spain)[18] JG 27, JG 3, JG 2, JG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 3 July 1941
"Pritzel" Heinrich Bär Oberst 220[19]/208[14] JG 51, JG 77, JG 1, JG 3, EJG 2, JV 44 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords † 28 April 1957 (aged 43)
Herbert Bareuther* Leutnant 55[20] JG 51, JG 3 German Cross
KIA 30 April 1945 (aged 30)
"Gerd" Gerhard Barkhorn Major 301[19]/300[14] JG 2, JG 52, JG 6, JV 44 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords † 8 January 1983 (aged 63)
Gerhard Bärsdorf* Leutnant 7 JG 300 KIA 28 July 1944
Heinrich Bartels* Oberfeldwebel 99[21] JG 5, JG 27 Knight's Cross
KIA 23 December 1944 (aged 26)
Franz Barten* Hauptmann 52[22] JG 51, JG 53 Knight's Cross
KIA 4 August 1944
Erich Bartz Unteroffizier 30 JG 51
"Willi" Wilhelm Batz Major 237[19]/233[14] JG 52 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords † 11 September 1988 (aged 72)
Helmut Baudach* Oberfeldwebel 20 JG 2
EKdo 262
Kdo Nowotny
JG 7
Franz Bauer* Hauptmann 9 JG 53 KIA 18 June 1944
Herbert Bauer Major 11 St.G 2, SG 103
Konrad Bauer Oberleutnant 68[23] JG 51, JG 3, JG 300 Knight's Cross † 17 June 1990 (aged 71)
Viktor Bauer Oberst 106[24]/104[14] JG 3 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves † 13 December 1969 (aged 54)
Karl-Heinz Becker Feldwebel 7 NJG 11
Ludwig Becker* Hauptmann 46[13] NJG 11 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves KIA 26 February 1943 (aged 31)
Martin Becker 58[25] NJG 4, NJG 6 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves † 8 February 2006 (aged 89)
Paul Becker Leutnant 19[26] JG 27
Friedrich Beckh* Oberstleutnant 48[22] JG 51, JG 52 Knight's Cross
KIA 21 June 1942 (aged 34)
Franz-Josef Beerenbrock Leutnant 117[27]/111[26] JG 51 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves † 13 December 2004 (aged 84)
Artur Beese Oberleutnant 22[12][26] JG 26 German Cross
Wilhelm Beier 36[17] NJG 2, NJG 1 Knight's Cross
Hans Beißwenger* 152[28]/150[26] JG 54 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
MIA 6 March 1943 (aged 26)
Helmut Belser* Hauptmann 36[29] JG 53 Knight's Cross
KIA 19 June 1942
Karl-Heinz Bendert Oberleutnant 55[29] JG 27, JG 104 Knight's Cross† 16 July 1983 (aged 68)
Helmut Bennemann 92[30] JG 52, JG 53 Knight's Cross† 17 November 2007 (aged 92)
Anton Benning Leutnant 28[31] JG 106, JG 301 Knight's Cross † 29 September 2013 (aged 95)
Sigfried Benz 6[32] JG 26
Helmut Bergmann Hauptmann 36[17] NJG 4, NJG 1 Knight's Cross
Heinz-Edgar Berres* 52[33] JG 53 Knight's Cross
MIA 25 July 1943 (aged 23)
Hans Berschwinger Oberfeldwebel 20 NJG 1, NJG 2
Günther Bertram Oberleutnant 35 KG 4, NJG 100
Otto Bertram Major 22 (incl. 9 in Spain)[33] J/88, JG 2, JG 101, JG 6 Knight's Cross
Arthur Beth 16 JG 5
Siegfried Bethke Hauptmann 14 JG 2
Erich Beulich 10 JG 5
Ernst Beutelspacher* Oberleutnant 5[34] SG 2 Knight's Cross
KIA 22 July 1944
Gerhard Beutin* Oberfeldwebel 60 JG 54
Franz Beyer* Major 81[15]/84[34] JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 11 February 1944 (aged 25)
Georg Beyer Oberleutnant 7[35][34] JG 26
Heinz Beyer Oberfeldwebel 27[34] JG 5
Heinz Birk 14[34] JG 5
Hans-Joachim Birkner* Leutnant 117[27][34] JG 52 Knight's Cross
KIFA 14 December 1944
Emil Bitsch* Hauptmann 108[24]/106[34] JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 15 March 1944 (aged 27)
Franz Blazytko Oberfeldwebel 30 JG 27
Joachim Blechschmidt* Oberstleutnant 17[36] ZG 1 Knight's Cross
MIA 13 July 1943
Günther Bleckmann* Major 33[34] SG 1, SG 2 Knight's Cross
KIA 1 June 1944
Paul Bley* Oberleutnant 9 ZG 26 KIFA 28 October 1944
Günther Blömertz Leutnant 10 JG 26
Walter Blume Major 14 JG 26, JG 27
Hans-Ekkehard Bob 60[36] JG 54, JG 3, JG 51, EJG 2, JV 44 Knight's Cross † 12 August 2013 (aged 96)
Eberhard Bock* Hauptmann 28 JG 3, JG 1, JG 104, JG 27 KIA 28 May 1944
Paul Bohm 6 NJG 2
Karl Böhm-Tettelbach Oberstleutnant 10 ZG 26
Kurt Bohn Feldwebel 5[35] JG 26
Otto Böhner Oberleutnant 5 JG 53
Helmut-Felix Bolz Major 20 (+3 in Spain) JG 2
Eckart-Wilhelm von Bonin 39[17] NJG 1 Knight's Cross
Hubertus von Bonin* Oberstleutnant 77 (incl. 4 in Spain)[15] JG 26, JG 52, JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 15 December 1943
Adolf Borchers Major 132[37][38] JG 51, JG 52 Knight's Cross † 9 February 1996 (aged 82)
Walter Borchers* Oberstleutnant 59[39] ZG 76, NJG 3, NJG 5 Knight's Cross
KIA 6 March 1945 (aged 29)
Eberhard von Boremski Hauptmann 90[40]/88+[38] JG 3, EJG 1 Knight's Cross
Ernst Börngen 41[36] JG 27 Knight's Cross † 30 June 1989 (aged 73)
Hans-Joachim Borreck Unteroffizier 5[41] JG 26
Karl Borris Major 43[42] JG 26 Knight's Cross
Oscar Bösch 18 JG 3
Wolfgang Böwing-Treuding* Oberleutnant 46[43] JG 51 Knight's Cross
KIA 11 February 1943
Franz Bozicek 5 JG 5
Felix-Maria Brandis* Oberleutnant 18 JG 5
Kurt Brändle* Major 180[10]/170[38] JG 53, JG 3 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 3 November 1943 (aged 31)
Paul Brandt Leutnant 30[44] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 24 December 1944
Walter Brandt Oberleutnant 42[44] LG 2, JG 77, JG 3 Knight's Cross † 18 January 1977 (aged 59)
Peter Bremer Oberfeldwebel 40 JG 54
Joachim Brendel Hauptmann 189[10][45] JG 51 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves † 7 July 1974 (aged 53)
Heinz Bretnütz* Hauptmann 37[46] JG 53 Knight's Cross
DOW 27 June 1941
Klaus Bretschneider* Oberleutnant 34[46] JG 300 Knight's Cross
KIA 24 December 1944
Wendelin Breukel Leutnant 14 NJG 2, NJG 4
Adolf Breves Hauptmann 17[45] NJG 1
Hugo Broch Leutnant 81[15] JG 54 Knight's Cross
Friedrich Brock Hauptmann 8 JG 54, JG 26
Horst Brock* Leutnant 17 JG 3 KIA 3 November 1943
Jürgen Brocke* 42[47] JG 77 Knight's Cross
KIA 15 September 1942
Herbert Broennle* 58[47] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 4 July 1943
Albert Brunner* Oberfeldwebel 53[47] JG 5 Knight's Cross
KIA 7 May 1943 (aged 24)
Hermann Buchner Leutnant 58[48] SG 2, JG 7 Knight's Cross † 1 December 2005 (aged 86)
Max Bucholz Major 28[48] JG 3, JG 5, JG 101 Knight's Cross † 19 July 1996 (aged 83)
Alfred Budde* Leutnant 21 JG 54 KIA 27 December 1944
Adolf Buhl* Oberleutnant 7 LG 2 KIA 27 September 1940
"Bu-Mann" Kurt Bühligen Oberstleutnant 112[24]/99+[49] JG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords † 11 August 1985 (aged 67)
Harry von Bülow-Bothkamp Oberst 18 (+6 in World War I) JG 77, JG 2, NJG 101, NJG 105 Knight's Cross † 27 February 1976 (aged 78)
Johannes Bunzek* Leutnant 75[50] JG 52 Knight's Cross
11 December 1943
Eberhard Burath Oberleutnant 7 JG 1, JG 51
Lutz-Wilhelm Burckhardt Hauptmann 58[51] JG 77, JG 1 Knight's Cross
Alfred Burk Oberleutnant 28 JG 52, JG 27
Josef Bürschgens Hauptmann 10[42] JG 26
Erwin Busch Oberleutnant 8[52] JG 26
Rudolf Busch 40 JG 51
Heinz Busse Oberleutnant 22 JG 51
Erich Büttner* Oberfeldwebel 8 EKdo 262, Kdo Nowotny, JG 7 KIA 20 March 1945
Johannes Büttner 16 JG 51
Bruno Buzzi 9 JG 5

C

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Horst Carganico* Major 60[53] JG 5 Knight's Cross
KIA 27 May 1944
Georg Christl 7[54] ZG 26, JG 10 Knight's Cross
Ernst Christof Feldwebel 9[55][49] JG 26
Emil Clade Hauptmann 26[49] JG 27
Erwin Clausen* Major 132[37]/100[49] JG 77, JG 11 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 4 October 1943
Max Clerico Hauptmann 7[49] JG 54
Helmut Conter Leutnant 15 NJG 100
Karlheinz Cordes 43+[49] JG 54
Wilhelm Crinius 114[27][49] JG 53 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Peter Crump Oberleutnant 24[49] JG 26
Franz Czech Feldwebel 33[49] JG 3

D

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Walther Dahl Oberst 128[37]/90+[56] JG 3, JG 300 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Hugo Dahmer Hauptmann 45[57] JG 26, JG 5, JG 2 Knight's Cross
Helmut Dahms Oberfeldwebel 24[56] NJG 100
Friedrich Dahn Leutnant 25[56] JG 77, JG 5
Paul-Heinrich Dähne* Hauptmann 99+[21][56] JG 52, JG 1 Knight's Cross
Hans Dammers* Leutnant 113[24]/103[56] JG 52 Knight's Cross
DOW 17 March 1944
Emil Darjes 82 JG 54
Rudi Dassow Leutnant 22[58] ZG 76, JG 6 Knight's Cross
Karl-Emil Demuth Oberleutnant 10+[56] JG 1
Gustav Denk* 67[58] JG 52 Knight's Cross
KIA 13 February 1943
Adolf Dickfeld Oberst 136[28]/132[56] JG 52, JG 2, JG 11 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Erwin Diekwisch Hauptmann 12 StG 1 Knight's Cross
Ulrich Diesing Generalmajor 15 ZG 1 Knight's Cross
Fritz Dinger* Oberleutnant 67[59] JG 53 Knight's Cross
KIA 27 July 1943
Hans Dipple Hauptmann 21[60] JG 26
Hans Dirksen Feldwebel 5 JG 26
Heinrich Dittlmann Oberfeldwebel 60[56] JG 51
Gottfried Dietze Leutnant 5[56] JG 26
Anton Döbele* Leutnant 94[30]/93[56] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 11 November 1943
Hans Döbrich Feldwebel 65[61] JG 5 Knight's Cross
Kurt Dombacher Oberleutnant 68[23] JG 5, JG 51 Knight's Cross
Otto Dommeratzky* Leutnant 38 LG 2, Sch.G 1, SG 2, SG 151 KIA 13 October 1944
Georg Dörffel* Major 30+[62] LG 2, SG 1, SG 4 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 26 May 1944
Arnold Döring Leutnant 23[63] KG 53, NJG 300,
JG 3, JG 5		 Knight's Cross
Franz Dörr Hauptmann 128[37]/122[62] JG 5 Knight's Cross
Edgar Dörre Feldwebel 9[60] JG 26
Hans Dortenmann Oberleutnant 38[60]/39[62] JG 26, JG 54 Knight's Cross
Heinrich Dreisbach Oberfeldwebel 16 JG 5
Martin Drewes Major 52[25] ZG 76, NJG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Ernst-Georg Drünkler Hauptmann 47 (incl. two by day)[64] ZG 2, NJG 1, NJG 5 Knight's Cross
Alfred Druschel* Oberst 7+[62] LG 2, SG 1, SG 4 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
MIA 1 January 1945
Rudi Düding Oberfeldwebel 16[62] NJG 5, NJG 100
Ernst Düllberg Major 45[65] JG 3, JG 27, JG 76, JG 7 Knight's Cross
Peter Düttmann Oberleutnant 150[28]/147[62] JG 52 Knight's Cross

E

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Karl Ebbighausen Hauptmann 7[60]/10[62] JG 26
Heinz Ebeling Oberleutnant 18[62][66] JG 26 Knight's Cross
Kurt Ebener 57[67]/51[62] JG 3, JG 11 Knight's Cross
Kurt Ebersberger Hauptmann 30[68]/31[62] JG 26
Helmut Eberspächer 7[62] SKG 10 Knight's Cross
Manfred Eberwein Oberleutnant 44+[62] JG 54
Reinhold Eckardt* 20[62] NJG 1, NJG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 30 July 1942
Franz Eckerle* Hauptmann 59[62] JG 54 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
MIA 14 February 1942
Georg-Peter Eder Major 78[15]/50+[69] JG 51, JG 26, JG 1, JG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Johannes Edmann Oberfeldwebel 5 JG 26
Walter Ehle* Major 36[17] NJG 1 Knight's Cross
KIA 17 November 1943
Karl-Heinz Ehlen Leutnant 7[68] JG 26
Hans Ehlers* Major 55[70] JG 3, JG 1 Knight's Cross
KIA 27 December 1944
Rudolf Ehrenberger* Oberfeldwebel 47[69] JG 53 Knight's Cross
KIA 8 March 1944
Heinrich Ehrler* Major 209[19]/182+[69] JG 5, JG 7 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 4 April 1945
Diethelm von Eichel-Streiber Major 96[30]/91[69] JG 1, JG 26, JG 51, JG 27, JV 44 Knight's Cross
Günther Eichhorn Leutnant 8 JG 5
Heinrich Eickhoff Oberleutnant 6[69] JG 27
Heinrich Graf von Einsiedel 35[69] JG 3 German Cross
Franz Eisenach Major 129[37][69] JG 54 Knight's Cross
Xaver Ellenrieder Leutnant 13[71] JG 26
Franz Elles Feldwebel 5 JG 27
Walter Engel Hauptmann 10[72] NJG 1, NJG 5 Knight's Cross
Siegfried Engfer Oberleutnant 59[73] JG 3, JG 1 Knight's Cross
Hubert Engst Oberfeldwebel 20 JG 300
Dieter Erichsen Oberfähnrich 5 NJG 4, NJG 6
Albert Espenlaub* Oberfeldwebel 14 JG 27
Wolf-Udo Ettel* Oberleutnant 124[27]/121[74] JG 3, JG 27 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 17 July 1943
Heinz Ewald Leutnant 84[40] JG 5, JG 52 Knight's Cross
Wolfgang Ewald Major 78 (incl. 1 in Spain)[15] JG 52, JG 3 Knight's Cross

F

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Wolfgang Falck Oberst 7[74] ZG 1, NJG 1 Knight's Cross
Horst-Günther von Fassong* Hauptmann 136[37]/63[74] JG 51, JG 11 Knight's Cross
KIA 1 January 1945
Hans-Joachim Fast Unteroffizier 5[75] JG 26
Leopold Fellerer Hauptmann 41[13] NJG 1, NJG 5, NJG 6 Knight's Cross
Georg Fengler Oberleutnant 16 NJG 4
Herbert Findeisen Hauptmann 67[61] JG 54 Knight's Cross
Günter Fink* 46[76] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 15 May 1943
August Fischer 10 NJG 100
Erwin Fleig Leutnant 66[61] JG 51 Knight's Cross
Otto Fönnekold* Oberleutnant 136[37]/134[77] JG 52 Knight's Cross
KIA 31 August 1944
Hermann Förster* Oberfeldwebel 13 JG 27
Josef Fözö Major 27 (3 incl. Spain)[78] JG 51, JG 108 Knight's Cross
Gustav Francsi Oberleutnant 56[25] NJG 100 Knight's Cross
Hans-Dieter Frank* Major 55[25] NJG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIFA 27/28 September 1943
Rudolf Frank* Leutnant 45[13] NJG 3 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 26/27 April 1945
Alfred Franke* 59[79] JG 53 Knight's Cross
KIA 9 September 1942
Richard Franz Oberleutnant 18 JG 27, JG 77, JG 3, JG 11
Ludwig Franzisket Major 43[80] JG 27 Knight's Cross
Max Franzisket* Hauptmann 6+[77] ZG 76, JG 77, JG 5, ZG 1 MIA 19 July 1943
Hans Frese Leutnant 44 JG 3
Wilhelm Freuwörth Oberfeldwebel 58[75] JG 52, JG 26 Knight's Cross
Hugo Frey* Hauptmann 32[81] JG 11, JG 1 Knight's Cross
KIA 6 March 1944
Siegfried Freytag Major 102[21]/89[77] JG 77 Knight's Cross
Herbert Friebel Leutnant 58[82] JG 51 Knight's Cross
Gerhard Friedrich* Major 30[82] NJG 1, NJG 4, NJG 6 Knight's Cross
KIA 16 March 1945
Gustav Frielinghaus Hauptmann 74[50] JG 3 Knight's Cross
Heinz de Fries Oberfeldwebel 10 NJG 100
Hans-Jürgen Frölich Feldwebel 5[75] JG 26
Karl Fuchs Oberfeldwebel 67 JG 54
Robert Fuchs 23 JG 54
Erich Führmann 5 JG 11
Heinrich Füllgrabe* Oberleutnant 65[53] JG 52 Knight's Cross
KIA 30 January 1945
Ralph Furch Leutnant 32 JG 51
Hans Fuß* 71[23] JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIFA 10 November 1942

G

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Pepi Gabl Oberfeldwebel 38 JG 51
Otto Gaiser Leutnant 74[50] JG 51 Knight's Cross
"Dolfo" Adolf Galland Generalleutnant 104[24]/101[83] JG 27, JG 26, JV 44 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds
Paul Galland* Leutnant 17[84][83] JG 26
Wilhelm-Ferdinand (Wutz) Galland* Major 54[85]/56[83] JG 26 Knight's Cross
Bernd Gallowitsch 64[53] JG 51, JG 7 Knight's Cross
Fritz Gammel* Oberfeldwebel 19 JG 53 MIA 4 September 1942
Josef Gärtner 6[85] JG 26
Wilhelm Gäth Major 14 JG 26
Werner Gayko 13 JG 5
August Geiger* Hauptmann 53[25] NJG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 29/30 September 1943
Friedrich Geisshardt* 102[21]/93[86] LG 2, JG 77, JG 26, JG 27 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 6 April 1942
Wolfgang Gendelmeyer* Leutnant 10 JG 3 KIA 1 August 1942
Hannes Gentzen Major 18 JG 102
Dieter Gerhard Oberleutnant 8 JG 1
Günther Gerhards 18 JG 52
Werner Gerhardt 13[87] JG 2, JG 1, JG 26
Erich Gerlitz* Major 18 JG 51, JG 27, JG 53, JG 5
Werner Gerth* Hauptmann 38[88] JG 3, JG 300, JG 400 Knight's Cross
Paul Gildner* Oberleutnant 48[13] NJG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIFA 24/25 February 1943
Gerhard Gleuwitz 13 JG 52
Rudolf Glöckner 33[86] JG 5, JG 7 German Cross
Adolf Glunz 71[50][89] JG 26, JG 7 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Heinz Golinski* Feldwebel 47[90] JG 53 Knight's Cross
Gordon Gollob Oberst 150[28]/146[86] JG 3, JG 77 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds
Kurt Goltzsch* Oberleutnant 43[91] JG 2 Knight's Cross
Heinz Gomann Feldwebel 12[92] JG 26, JG 7
Heinz Gossow Oberfeldwebel 12[91] KG 33, JG 300, JG 301, JG 7 Knight's Cross
Heinz Gottlob Oberleuntnant 6[92] JG 26
Franz Götz Major 63[53] JG 53, JG 26 Knight's Cross
Hans Götz* Hauptmann 82[40] JG 54 Knight's Cross
Walter Grabmann Generalmajor 13 (incl. 7 in Spain)[91] LG 1, ZG 76 Knight's Cross
Hermann Graf Oberst 212[19]/206[93] JG 52, JG 11 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds
Hartmann Grasser Major 103[24]/96+[93] JG 51 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Berthold Graßmuck* Oberfeldwebel 65[53] JG 52 Knight's Cross
Karl Gratz Leutnant 138[28][93] JG 52, JG 2 Knight's Cross
Hermann Greiner Hauptmann 50[13] NJG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Karl-Heinz Greisert* Major 34 JG 2, JG 3 KIA 22 July 1942
Heinz Grimm* Leutnant 27[31] NJG 1 Knight's Cross
DOW 13 October 1943
Josef Grimm Unteroffizier 5 JG 27
Alfred Grislawski Hauptmann 133[37]/127[93] JG 52, JG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Helmuth Grollmus* Leutnant 75[50] JG 54 Knight's Cross
Fritz Gromotka 29[94] JG 27 Knight's Cross
Alfred Gross 52[92] JG 54, JG 26
Erich Groth 13 ZG 2, ZG 76
Viktor Gruber Feldwebel 10 JG 27
Hans Grünberg Oberleutnant 82[40] JG 3, JG 52, JG 7 JV 44 Knight's Cross
Walter Grünlinger 7 JG 26
Gerhard Grzymalla Feldwebel 7[95] JG 26
Hermann Guhl Leutnant 15[96] LG 2, JG 26
Joachim Günther 11[96] JG 26
Gerhard Guttmann 10 JG 26

H

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Friedrich Haas Leutnant 74[50][97] JG 52 Knight's Cross
Horst Haase* Major 54[97] JG 51, JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 26 November 1944
Wilhelm Hachfeld* Hauptmann 11[98] LG 2, JG 51, ZG 2 Knight's Cross
KIFA 2 December 1942
August Hachtel Oberleutnant 5 JG 400 Knight's Cross
Joachim Hacker Leutnant 32 JG 51
Anton Hackl Major 192[10]/180+[97] JG 77, JG 11, JG 26, JG 300 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Heinrich "Heinz" Hackler* Leutnant 56[99] JG 77 Knight's Cross
KIA 1 January 1945
Heinz-Martin Hadeball Hauptmann 33[17] NJG 1, NJG 4, NJG 6, NJGr 10 Knight's Cross
Anton "Toni" Hafner* Oberleutnant 204[10]/203[97] JG 51 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 17 October 1944
Ludwig Häfner* Leutnant 52[99] JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 10 November 1942
Walter Hagenah 17 JG 3, JG 7
Johannes Hager Hauptmann 48[100] NJG 1 Knight's Cross
Franz Hahn* 17 JG 77, JG 51, JG 4 KIA 22 January 1944
Hans "Assi" Hahn Major 108[24]/105[101] JG 2, JG 54 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Hans von Hahn 31[101] JG 53, JG 1, JG 103 Knight's Cross
Hans Hahn* Leutnant 11[101] NJG 2 Knight's Cross
KIA 11/12 October 1941
Josef Haiböck Hauptmann 73[101] JG 26, JG 52, JG 3 Knight's Cross
Heinz Halstrick Feldwebel 11[101] JG 5
Joachim Hamer Leutnant 35 JG 51
Alfred Hammer 26 JG 53
Karl Hammerl* Leutnant 63[53] JG 52 Knight's Cross
MIA 2 March 1943
Gotthard Handrick Oberst 10 (+5 in Spain) JG 26, JG 77 Gold medal at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Heinz Hanke 9 JG 1
Günther Hannak Hauptmann 47[102] LG 2, JG 77, JG 27 Knight's Cross
Horst Hannig* Oberleutnant 98[21] JG 54, JG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 15 May 1943
Harro Harder Hauptmann 22 (+11 in Spain) JG 53
Jürgen Harder* Major 64[53] JG 53, JG 11 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIFA 17 February 1945
Hans Hartigs Oberleutnant 6[96] JG 26
Andreas Hartl Feldwebel 11 JG 302
"Bubi" Erich Hartmann Major 352[19][101] JG 52, JG 53 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds
Ludwig Hartmann 10 JG 2
Hans-Dieter Hartwein 16 JG 5
Horst Hasse 82 JG 51, JG 3
Helmut Haugk Hauptmann 18[102] ZG 76, ZG 26 Knight's Cross
Werner Haugk* Leutnant 9[103] StG 77, ZG 76 Knight's Cross
KIA 18 October 1944
Wilhelm Hauswirth Feldwebel 50[101] JG 52
Alfred Heckmann Oberleutnant 71[104]/69[101] JG 3, JG 26, JV 44 Knight's Cross
Günther Heckmann Leutnant 16[105] JG 51, JG 1, JG 7
Hubert Heckmann 5[105] JG 1, JG 7
Guenther Otto Heeger Hauptmann 90
Ernst Heesen* Leutnant 32[106]/28[105] JG 2, NJG 1, JG 3, JG 1 KIA 3 May 1943
Alfred Heidel Oberfeldwebel 8[105] JG 27
Joseph Heim* Gefreiter 5[105] JG 7 KIA 10 April 1945
Friedrich Heimann Oberfeldwebel 41[105] JG 51
Kurt Hein Feldwebel 8[104] JG 26
Hans-Joachim Heinecke Hauptmann 28[105] JG 27
Engelbert Heiner* Oberleutnant 15[107] NJG 6 Knight's Cross
KIA 18/19 March 1945
Richard Heller* Leutnant 22[108] ZG 26, ZG 10 Knight's Cross
KIA 5 April 1945
Bodo Helms 6 JG 5
Horst Hennig* Hauptmann 7[108] KG 77, NJG 3 Knight's Cross
KIFA 7/8 October 1944
Eberhard Henrici Oberleutnant 6[104] JG 26
Helmut Henz* Hauptmann 6 JG 77 KIA 25 May 1941
Wilhelm Herget Major 72[109] ZG 76, NJG 3, NJG 1, NJG 4, JV 44 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Kurt Hermann 9 NJG 2
Rolf Hermichen Major 64[53] JG 26, JG 11, JG 104 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Hajo Herrmann Oberst 9[110] KG 4, KG 30, JG 300 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Heinrich Heuser Feldwebel 5[111] JG 26
Hans-Joachim Heyer* Leutnant 53[108] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 9 November 1942
Otto-Heinrich Hilleke 6[111] JG 26
Ernst-Erich Hirschfeld* Oberleutnant 24[112] JG 300, JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 28 July 1944
Heinz-Horst Hißbach* Hauptmann 34[112] NJG 2 Knight's Cross
KIA 15 April 1945
Walter Höckner* Major 68[23] JG 77, JG 26, JG 1, JG 4 Knight's Cross
KIFA 25 August 1944
Heinrich Höfemeier* Oberleutnant 96[30] JG 51 Knight's Cross
KIA 7 August 1943
Friedrich Hoffmann* Leutnant 11 JG 27
Gerhard Hoffmann* 125[27]/130[113] JG 52 Knight's Cross
KIFA 17 April 1945
Heinrich Hoffmann* Oberfeldwebel 63[53] JG 51 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Hermann Hoffmann 7[111] JG 26
Karl Hoffmann 70 JG 52
Reinhold Hoffmann* Leutnant 66[61] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 24 May 1944
Werner Hoffmann Major 52[25] ZG 2, NJG 3, NJG 5 Knight's Cross
Karl-Wilhelm Hofmann* Oberleutnant 44[114] JG 26 Knight's Cross
KIA 26 March 1945
Erich Hohagen Major 56[115] JG 51, JG 2, JG 27, JG 7, JV 44 Knight's Cross
Werner Hohenberg Oberfeldwebel 33 JG 52, JG 2
Georg Höhn 6 JG 5
Walter Holl Feldwebel 7[116] JG 26
Kurt Holler Major 11+[116] NJG 2, NJG 3, NJG 4
Helmuth Holtz Feldwebel 56[116] JG 51
Gerhard Homuth* Major 63[53] JG 27, JG 54 Knight's Cross
MIA 2 August 1943
Helmuth Hoppe Hauptmann 22[116] JG 26 German Cross
Jürgen Hörschelmann Oberleutnant 44 JG 3
Walter Horten 5[116] JG 26
Anton Hörwick* Oberfeldwebel 27 NJG 2, NJG 7 Knight's Cross
KIA 19 February 1945
Dietrich Hrabak Oberst 125[27][116] JG 76, JG 54, JG 52 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Franz Hrdlicka* Hauptmann 60[117] JG 77, JG 2 Knight's Cross
KIA 25 March 1945
Rudolf Hübl 20 JG 1
Eckhard Hübner* Leutnant 47[117] JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 28 March 1942
Werner Hübner 7 JG 51
Wilhelm Hübner* Leutnant 62[53] JG 51 Knight's Cross
KIA 7 April 1945
Karl Hülshoff 11 NJG 2
Herbert Huppertz* Major 68[23] JG 51, JG 5, JG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 8 June 1944
Werner Husemann 34[118] NJG 1, NJG 3 Knight's Cross
Wolf-Dietrich Huy Hauptmann 40[119] JG 77 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves

I

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Hans Iffland 18 JG 3
Herbert Ihlefeld Oberst 130 (+7 in Spain)[37] I(J)/LG 2, JG 77, JG 52,
JGr.25, JG 11, JG 1		 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Iro Ilk* Major 9[120] LG 1, JG 300 Knight's Cross
KIA 25 September 1944
Eduard Isken Oberfeldwebel 56[120] JG 77, JGr 200,
I(F)/123, JG 53		 Knight's Cross

J

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Hans-Joachim Jabs Oberstleutnant 50[13] ZG 76, NJG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Ernst Jäckel Feldwebel 8[121] JG 26
Alfred Jakobi 10 JG 5
Erich Jauer Feldwebel 12[121] JG 26
Kurt Jenisch* Leutnant 9 JG 27
Peter Jenne* Hauptmann 17[122] JG 300 Knight's Cross
KIA 2 March 1945
Josef Jennewein* Leutnant 86[40] JG 26, JG 51 Knight's Cross
MIA 27 July 1943
Heinrich Jessen Oberleutnant 6[121] JG 26
Hans Johannsen Leutnant 8[121] JG 26
Wilhelm Johnen Hauptmann 34[17] NJG 1, NJG 5, NJG 6 Knight's Cross
Hermann-Friedrich Joppien* 70[23] JG 51 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 28 August 1941
Günther Josten Oberleutnant 178[10][123] JG 51 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Harald Jung Hauptmann 20 JG 51
Heinrich Jung* 68[23] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 30 July 1943

K

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Erbo Graf von Kageneck* Hauptmann 67[18] JG 27 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
DOW 12 January 1942
Emil Kaiser 8 JG 1
Herbert Kaiser Leutnant 68[61] JG 77, JG 1, JV 44 Knight's Cross
Peter Kalden Oberleutnant 84[40] JG 51 Knight's Cross
Rolf Kaldrack* Hauptmann 21 (+3 in Spain)[124] ZG 76 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 3 February 1942
Adolf Kalkum Feldwebel 57 JG 53
Herbert Kaminski Major 7[125] ZG 76, JG 53 Knight's Cross
Fritz Karch Hauptmann 47[126] JG 2 Knight's Cross
Eberhard Kaross Leutnant 10 NJG 100
August Kayser 25
Dietrich Kehl Oberleutnant 6 JG 26
Georg Keil Leutnant 36 JG 2
Josef Keil Oberfeldwebel 16 JG 3, JG 301
Günther Kelch Hauptmann 13 JG 26
Hannes Keller Unteroffizier 24 JG 51
Lothar Keller Hauptmann 23 (incl. 3 in Spain)[126] JG 3 Knight's Cross
Kurt Kelter 60 JG 54
Heinz Kemethmüller Leutnant 89[40][127] JG 3, JG 26 Knight's Cross
Karl-Heinz Kempf* 65[53] JG 54, JG 26 Knight's Cross
KIA 3 September 1944
Karl Kennel Major 34[128] ZG 26, ZG 2, SG 1, SG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Gerhard Keppler 12 JG 27
Georg Kiefner Leutnant 12[127] JG 26, JV 44
Johannes Kiel* Hauptmann der Reserve 25[129] ZG 26, ZG 76 Knight's Cross
KIA 29 January 1944
Willy Kientsch* Oberleutnant 53[130] JG 27 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 29 January 1944
Rüdiger von Kirchmayr 29 JG 1, JG 11, JV 44
Joachim Kirschner* Hauptmann 188[10]/181[131] JG 3, JG 27 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
17 December 1943
Otto Kittel* Oberleutnant 267[19]/265+[131] JG 54 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
16 February 1945
Ernst Klager 22 JG 53
Alfons Klein Oberleutnant 39[132] JG 52, JG 11 Knight's Cross
Erich Klein 5 JG 5
Hans Klein 10 JG 52
Rudolf Klemm Major 42[132] JG 54, JG 26 Knight's Cross
Heinrich Klöpper* Oberleutnant 94[30] JG 51, JG 1 Knight's Cross
KIA 29 November 1943
Reinhold Knacke* Hauptmann 44[80] ZG 1, NJG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 3/4 February 1943
Kurt Knappe* Oberfeldwebel 56[133] JG 51, JG 2 Knight's Cross
KIA 3 September 1943
Hans Knauth 26 JG 51
Emil Knittel 50 JG 54
Heinz Knoke Hauptmann 33[134] JG 1 & JG 11 Knight's Cross
1/2 victory {Not awarded}+12 unconfirmed
Gerhard Koall 38[135] JG 3, JG 54 Knight's Cross
Hans-Günther Koch 15 JG 51
Harry Koch 30 JG 26, JG 2
Josef Kociok* Oberfeldwebel 33[17] ZG 76, SKG 210, 10(NJ)/ZG 1 Knight's Cross
Hans-Heinrich Koenig 28 ZG 76, NJG 3, JG 11 Knight's Cross
Armin Köhler Major 69[23] JG 27, JG 77 Knight's Cross
Walter Köhne Leutnant 30 JG 52, JG 1, JG 11, EJG 2
Hans Kolbow Oberleutnant 27 JG 20, JG 51 Knight's Cross
Reinhard Kollak Stabsfeldwebel 49[13] NJG 1, NJG 4 Knight's Cross
Gerhard Köppen Leutnant 85[40] JG 52 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Hans-Günter von Kornatzki* Oberstleutnant 6 JG 132, JG 52, JG 4 KIA 12 September 1944
Friedrich Körner Oberleutnant 36 JG 27 Knight's Cross
Berthold Korts* Leutnant 113[24]/108[136] JG 52 Knight's Cross
KIA 29 August 1943
Eduard Koslowski Oberfeldwebel 12[137] JG 53, JG 26
Wolfgang Kosse 46 JG 26, JG 5, JG 1, JG 3
Alfons Köster Hauptmann 25[31] NJG 1, NJG 2, NJG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 6 January 1945
Franz Köster Unteroffizier 7
Willi Kothmann 13 JG 27
Herbert Kowalski 5 JG 27
Heinrich Krafft* Hauptmann 78[15] JG 51, JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 14 December 1942
Josef Kraft 56[25] NJG 1, NJG 6 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Karl-Heinz Krahl 24 JG 2, JG 3 Knight's Cross
Erich Krainik 13 JG 27
Herbert Krenz 12 JG 27
Hans-Joachim Kroschinski Leutnant 76[15] JG 54 Knight's Cross
Heinz Krug 9[137] JG 26
"the Count" Walter Krupinski Hauptmann 197[10][138] JG 52, JG 11, JG 26, JV 44 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Elias Kühlein Leutnant 36 JG 51
Wilhelm Küken Oberfeldwebel 45 JG 51, JGr Ost
Franz Kunz Oberleutnant 12[137] JG 53, JG 26
Josef Kunz 16 JG 5
Herbert Kutscha Hauptmann 47 JG 3, JG 27, JG 11 Knight's Cross

L

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
August Lambert* Oberleutnant 116[27]/103[138] SG 2, SG 77 Knight's Cross
KIA 17 April 1945
Günther Landt 23 JG 53
Emil "Bully" Lang* Hauptmann 173[10][139]/103[138] JG 54, JG 26 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
18 in one day
Friedrich Lange Leutnant 8 JG 26
Gerhard Lange Hauptmann 5 JG 6
Heinz Lange Major 70[23]/73[140] JG 21, JG 54, JG 51 Knight's Cross
Hans-Joachim Langer 10 JG 51, JG 7
Karl-Heinz Langer Major 30 JG 3 Knight's Cross
Erwin Laskowski Oberfeldwebel 46 JG 51, JG 11 Knight's Cross
Kurt Lasse* Oberleutnant 39 JG 77 Knight's Cross
KIA 8 October 1941
Karl Laub Oberfeldwebel 7[139] JG 26
Bernhard Lausch 39 JG 51
Heinz Leber Leutnant 54 JG 51
Alois Lechner* Major 45[76] NJG 100, NJG 2 Knight's Cross
KIA 23 February 1944
Karl-Heinz Leesmann* 37 JG 52, JG 1 Knight's Cross
KIA 25 July 1943
Erwin Leibold Oberfeldwebel 11[139] JG 26
Erich Leie* Major 118[27]/121[140] JG 2, JG 51, JG 77 Knight's Cross
KIA 7 March 1945
Hermann Leiste Leutnant 29 JG 54
Siegfried Lemke Hauptmann 96[30] JG 2 Knight's Cross
Wilhelm Lemke* Hauptmann 131[37][140] JG 3 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 4 December 1943
Helmut Lennartz Feldwebel 13 JG 11, JG 7, EKdo 262, Kdo Nowotny
Helmut Lent* Oberst 110[109]/112[140] NJG 1, NJG 2, NJG 3 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds
Richard Leppla Major 68[61] JG 51, JG 105, JG 6 Knight's Cross
Heinrich Lesch 8 JG 5
Heinrich Leschert* Oberfeldwebel 23 JG 53 KIA 10 August 1942
Rudolf Leuschel* Hauptmann 9[139] JG 26 KIA 25 February 1944
Erwin Leykauf Oberleutnant 33 JG 54
Fritz Liebelt Leutnant 25 JG 51
Carl von Lieres Oberleutnant 31 JG 27
Frank Liesendahl* Hauptmann 50 JG 53, JG 2 Knight's Cross
KIA 17 July 1942
Arnold Lignitz Major 25 JG 51, JG 54 Knight's Cross
Friedrich Lindelaub Oberfeldwebel 5[139] JG 26
Theodor Lindemann Oberleutnant 7 JG 26
Anton Lindner 73[50] JG 51 Knight's Cross
Walter Lindner 64 JG 52
Lothar Linke* Oberleutnant 28[31] ZG 76, NJG 1, NJG 2 Knight's Cross
KIA 14 May 1943
Rudi Linz* Leutnant 70[23] JG 5 Knight's Cross
KIA 9 February 1945
Helmut Lipfert Hauptmann 203[10]/200[141] JG 52, JG 53 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Egmont Prinz zur Lippe-Weißenfeld* Major 51[25] NJG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIFA 12 March 1944
Wolfgang Lippert* Hauptmann 29 (+4 in Spain) JG 53, JG 27 Knight's Cross
KIA 3 December 1941
Stefan Litjens Oberfeldwebel 38 JG 53 Knight's Cross
Gerhard Loos* Oberleutnant 92[30] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 6 March 1944
Walter Loos Oberfeldwebel 38 JG 301, JG 3 Knight's Cross
Fritz Losigkeit Major 68[61] JG 26, JG 1, JG 51, JG 77 Knight's Cross
August Lübking 38 JG 5, JG 7
Werner Lucas* Hauptmann 106[24]/105[142] JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 24 October 1943
Max-Hermann Lücke* Oberleutnant 81[15] JG 51 Knight's Cross
KIA 8 November 1943
Fritz Lüddecke* Oberfeldwebel 51 JG 51 Knight's Cross
KIA 10 August 1944
Rudolf Lüder 6 JG 5
Herbert Lütje Oberstleutnant 53[25] NJG 1, NJG 6 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Johannes Lutter Hauptmann 12 ZG 1, ZG 76, ZG 2, SKG 210, SKG 10, SG 4 Knight's Cross
Richard Lutzka 5 JG 5
Günther Lützow* Oberst 108 (incl. 5 in Spain)[24]/105/200[142] JG 3, JV 44 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
MIA 24 April 1945
August Luy 35 JG 5

M

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Ernst Maack 8 JG 27, JG 11
Werner Machold Hauptmann 32[143] JG 2 Knight's Cross
Wilhelm Mackenstedt Oberfeldwebel 6[144] JG 26
Anton Mader Oberstleutnant 86[40] JG 2, JG 77, JG 54 Knight's Cross
Heinz Mahlkuch 16 JG 77
Lothar Mai Leutnant 45 JG 51
Wilhelm Makrocki 9 ZG 76, JG 26
Günther Freiherr von Maltzahn Oberst 68[23] JG 53 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Gerhard Marburg* Oberfeldwebel 7 JG 3, JG 4 KIFA 3 September 1944
Heinz Marquardt 121[27][145] JG 51 Knight's Cross
Hans-Joachim Marseille* Hauptmann 158[28]/152[145] JG 52, JG 27 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds
KIFA 30 September 1942
Karl-Heinrich Matern 12[146] ZG 1, ZG 76 Knight's Cross
Walter Matoni Major 34[147] JG 27, JG 26, JG 2, JG 11 Knight's Cross
Kurt Matzak Leutnant 18 NJG 1
Willi Maximowitz* Oberfeldwebel 27 JG 1, JG 3 MIA 20 April 1945
Lothar May 45 JG 51
Marian Mazurek* Feldwebel 35 JG 53 KIA 9 June 1943
Egon Mayer* Oberstleutnant 102[21][145] JG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
KIA 2 March 1944
Hans-Karl Mayer Hauptmann 39 (incl. 8 in Spain)[147] JG 53, JG 26 Knight's Cross
KIA 17 October 1940
Otto Mayer 22 JG 27
Wilhelm Mayer Leutnant 27[147] JG 26 Knight's Cross
Maximilian Mayerl Hauptmann 76[15] JG 51, EJG 1 Knight's Cross
Erhardt Mecke 12 JG 5
Helmut Meckel Oberleutnant 25[148] JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIFA 8 May 1943
Johann-Hermann Meier* Leutnant 77[15] JG 26, JG 52 Knight's Cross
KIA 15 March 1944
Julius Meimberg Major 53[149] JG 2, JG 53 Knight's Cross
Dieter Meister* Oberleutnant 8 KG 40, ZG 1, JG 2 KIA 21 November 1944
Ludwig Meister Hauptmann 41[17] NJG 1, NJG 4 Knight's Cross
Karl-Heinz Meltzer Leutnant 74 JG 52
Arthur Mendl 9 JG 5
Robert Menge 20 (4 in Spain) JG 26
Karl Mentnich 7 JG 27
Hans-Jörg Merkel 30 JG 52
Helmut Mertens Hauptmann 97[30] JG 3 Knight's Cross
Werner Methfessel 8 LG 1
Rudolf Metz* Leutnant 10 JG 5, JG 3, JG 4 KIA 6 October 1944
Manfred Meurer* Hauptmann 65[109] NJG 1, NJG 5 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 21/22 January 1944
Conny Meyer 16 JG 26
Eduard Meyer* Leutnant 22[150] ZG 26 Knight's Cross
KIA 31 March 1942
Walter Meyer 18 JG 54, JG 26
Gerhard Michalski Oberstleutnant 73[50] JG 53, JG 4 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Rudolf Miethig* Hauptmann 101[21]/100[151] JG 52 Knight's Cross
KIA 10 June 1943
Klaus Mietusch* Major 72[50] JG 26 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 17 September 1944
Wilhelm Mink* Oberfeldwebel 72[50] JG 51, EJG 1 Knight's Cross
KIA 12 March 1945
Bruno Mischkot 7 JG 26, JG 3, JG 2, EJG 2
Helmut Missner* Oberfeldwebel 82[40] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 12 September 1944
Erich Mix 13 (+3 in World War I) JG 1, JG 2, JG 53
Ernst-Wilhelm Modrow Major 33[17] NJG 1 Knight's Cross
"Vati" Werner Mölders* Oberst 115 (incl. 14 in Spain)[27]/108[152] JG 51 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds
KIFA 22 November 1941
Wilhelm Moritz Major 44[153] JG 51, JG 3 Knight's Cross
August Mors* Leutnant 60[53] JG 5 Knight's Cross
KIA 8 August 1944
Friedrich-Karl "Nasen" Müller Major 30[31] NJG 11, JG 300 Knight's Cross
Friedrich-Karl "Tutti" Müller* Oberstleutnant 140[28]/139[152] JG 53, JG 3 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 29 May 1944
Fritz Müller Leutnant 22 JG 7
Kurt Müller Oberleutnant 5 JG 26
Rudolf Müller* Oberfeldwebel 94[30] JG 5 Knight's Cross
Died in POW camp 21 June 1943
Siegfried Müller Leutnant 17 JG 51, JG 3, JG 7
Wilhelm Müller Oberfeldwebel 10 JG 26
Gerhard Müller-Dühne Leutnant 5 JG 26
Joachim Müncheberg* Major 135[37][154] JG 26, JG 51, JG 77 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
KIA 23 March 1943
Georg Munderloh Oberfeldwebel 20 JG 54
Leopold Münster* Leutnant 95[30] JG 3 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 8 May 1944
Karl Munz Leutnant 60[155] JG 52, JG 7
Hubert Mütherich Oberleutnant 43 JG 51, JG 54

N

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Heinz Nacke Major 12[156] ZG 76, NJG 3 Knight's Cross
Johannes Naumann 34[156] JG 26, JG 6, JG 7 Knight's Cross
Kurt Necesany* Oberleutnant 6 KG 40, ZG 1 MIA 14 February 1944
Willi Nemitz* Leutnant 81[15]/82[154] JG 52 Knight's Cross
KIA 11 April 1943
Wolfgang Neu Hauptmann 12 JG 26
Hermann Neuhoff Leutnant 40[157] JG 53 Knight's Cross
Eduard Neumann Oberstleutnant 11 (+2 in Spain) JG 26, JG 27
Helmut Neumann Leutnant 62[53] JG 5 Knight's Cross
Klaus Neumann 37[158] JG 51, JG 3, JG 7, JV 44 Knight's Cross
Siegfried Ney Oberfeldwebel 11[154] NJG 1
Karl-Gottfried Nordmann Oberst 78[15]/75[159] JG 51 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Jakob Norz* Leutnant 117[27]/104[159] JG 5 Knight's Cross
KIA 16 September 1944
"Nowi" Walter Nowotny* Major 258[19]/256[159] JG 54, Kdo Nowotny,
JG 101		 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds
KIA 8 November 1944

O

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Friedrich Obleser Oberleutnant 120[27]/112+[159] JG 52 Knight's Cross
Walter Oesau* Oberst 125 (incl. 8 in Spain)[27]/127[159] JG 1, JG 2, JG 51, J/88 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
KIA 11 May 1944
Walter Ohlrogge Leutnant 77[160] JG 3, JG 7 Knight's Cross
Robert Olejnik Major 42[160] JG 2, JG 3, JG 1, JG 400 Knight's Cross
Emil Omert* Hauptmann 70[23]/55[159] JG 3, JG 2, JG 77 Knight's Cross
KIA 24 April 1944
Theo Osterkamp Generalleutnant 38 (incl. 32 in World War I)[161] JG 51 Knight's Cross
Max-Hellmuth Ostermann* Oberleutnant 102[21][159] ZG 1, JG 54 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
KIA 9 August 1942

P

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Horst Patuschka* Hauptmann 23[161] NJG 2 Knight's Cross
KIA 6 March 1943
Georg Pavenzinger Feldwebel 5 JG 51
Hans Peterburs Oberfeldwebel 18[161] ZG 76, ZG 1 Knight's Cross
Viktor Petermann Oberleutnant 64[53] JG 52, JG 7 Knight's Cross
Erhard Peters Leutnant 64 JG 52, JG 7
Horst Petzschler Oberfeldwebel 26 JG 3, JG 51 Ehrenpokal der Luftwaffe
Karl Pfeiffer 10 NJG 1
Rudolf Pflanz* Hauptmann 52[162] JG 2 Knight's Cross
KIA 31 July 1942
Helmut Pfüller Oberfeldwebel 28 JG 51
Hans Philipp* Major 206[10]/195[163] JG 54, JG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
KIA 8 October 1943
Wilhelm Philipp Oberfeldwebel 79+[163] JG 54 Knight's Cross
Johann Pichler Leutnant 75[50] JG 77 Knight's Cross
Anton-Rudolf Piffer* 26[164] JG 1 Knight's Cross
KIA 17 June 1944
Rolf Pingel Major 28 (incl. 6 in Spain)[165] JG 26, JG 53 Knight's Cross
Karl-Heinz Plücker Oberleutnant 34 JG 1, JG 52
Josef Pöhs* Oberleutnant 43[165] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 30 December 1943
Hans Prager Leutnant 23 JG 26
Alexander Preinfalk* Oberfeldwebel 80[163] JG 77, JG 51, JG 53 Knight's Cross
KIA 12 December 1944
Bela Preisler Unteroffizier 6 JG 5
Rolf Prigge Oberfänrich 5 JG 27, JG 7
Josef "Pips" Priller Oberst 101[21] JG 51, JG 26 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Herbert Puschmann Hauptmann 54[166] JG 51 Knight's Cross

Q

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Klaus Quaet-Faslem* Major 49[167] JG 53, JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIFA 30 January 1944
Richard Quante* Feldwebel 49 JG 51 KIA 14 August 1942
Werner Quast Fahnenjunker-Oberfeldwebel 84[40] JG 52 Knight's Cross

R

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Rudolf Rademacher Oberleutnant 126[37]/93[168] JG 54, JG 7 Knight's Cross
Waldemar Radener 37[169]/23[168] JG 26, JG 300 Knight's Cross
Günther Radusch Oberst 64 (+1 in Spain)[170][168] NJG 1, NJG 2, NJG 3 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Gerhard Raht Hauptmann 58[25]/59[168] NJG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Günther Rall Major 275[19]/274[168] JG 52, JG 11 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Karl Rammelt 41[168] JG 51 Knight's Cross
Alfred Rauch Leutnant 60[155] JG 51 Knight's Cross
Paul-Hubert Rauh Hauptmann 31[168] NJG 4 Knight's Cross
Karl-Wolfgang Redlich* Major 41 (incl. 2 in Spain)[171] JG 27 Knight's Cross
KIA 29 May 1944
Hans Reiff Oberfeldwebel 48 JG 3
Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert Oberleutnant 174[10]/168[172] JG 77, JG 27 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Hans-Günther Reinhard Oberfeldwebel 42[172] JG 54
Peter Reischer Oberleutnant 20[172] JG 26
Hans Remmer* Hauptmann 21[172] JG 27 Knight's Cross
KIA 2 April 1944
Anton Resch Oberleutnant 91[30] JG 52 Knight's Cross
Rudolf Resch* Major 94 (incl. 1 in Spain)[30] JG 52, JG 51 Knight's Cross
KIA 11 July 1943
Willi Reschke Oberfeldwebel 28[173] JG 302, JG 301 Knight's Cross
Ralph von Rettberg Oberst 8[173] ZG 26, ZG 1 Knight's Cross
Ernst Richter Oberfeldwebel 20 JG 54
Hans Richter Leutnant 22[172] JG 27
Eckhard Roch Oberleutnant 5[174] JG 26
Gustav Rödel Oberst 98[21] JG 27 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Hans Röhrig* Hauptmann 75[50] JG 53 Knight's Cross
KIA 13 July 1943
Detlev Rohwer 38[175] JG 3, JG 1 Knight's Cross
Heinz Rökker 64[25] NJG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Herbert Rollwage Oberleutnant 102[21] JG 53 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Oskar Romm 92[30] JG 51, JG 3 Knight's Cross
Theodor Rossiwall Oberstleutnant 19 (incl. 2 in Spain)[175] ZG 76, NJG 4 Knight's Cross
Edmund Roßmann Leutnant 93[176] JG 52 Knight's Cross
Willi Roth 20[174] JG 26, JG 103, JG 102, JV 44
Günther Rübell Hauptmann 50[176] JG 51, JG 104 Knight's Cross
Hans-Ulrich Rudel Oberst 9+[174] SG 2 Knight's Cross with Golden Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds (sole recipient in the entire Wehrmacht)
Erich Rudorffer Major 222[19]/219[174] JG 2, JG 54, JG 7 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
13 in one mission
Helmut Rüffler Oberfeldwebel 88[177] JG 3 Knight's Cross
Franz Ruhl* Oberleutnant 36[177] JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 24 December 1944
Friedrich Rupp* Leutnant 52[178] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 15 May 1943
Martin Rysavy Oberleutnant 8[179] JG 26

S

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Heinz Sachsenberg Leutnant 104[24][180] JG 52 Knight's Cross
Florian Salwender Feldwebel 25[180] JG 77, JG 5 POW Died in Soviet Prison
Carl Sattig* Hauptmann 53[180] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 10 August 1942
Erwin Sawallisch* Oberfeldwebel 35[180] JG 27 Suicide
Heinrich Prinz zu Sayn-Wittgenstein* Major 83[109]/79[180] NJG 2, NJG 3 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
KIA 21/22 January 1944
Günther Schack Hauptmann 174[10][180] JG 51, JG 3 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Emil Schact 25
Hans Schäfer Leutnant 18 JG 3
Johann Schalk Oberst 21 ZG 26, NJG 3, NJG 4 Knight's Cross
Franz Schall* Hauptmann 137[28]/133[180] JG 52, Kdo Nowotny, JG 7 Knight's Cross
KIFA 10 April 1945
Ludwig Scharf Unteroffizier 18 JG 5
Gerhard Schaschke Hauptmann 19+[181] ZG 76
Paul Schauder 21[179] JG 26
Günther Scheel* Leutnant 71[23] JG 54 Knight's Cross
MIA 16 July 1943
only 70 combat missions
Klaus Scheer Leutnant 23[181] NJG 100
Rudolf Scheffel Hauptmann 7[182] ZG 1, ZG 26 Knight's Cross
Wolfgang Schellmann* Oberstleutnant 26 (incl. 12 in Spain)[182] JG 2, JG 27 Knight's Cross
KIA 22 June 1941
Wolfgang Schenck 18[183] SG 2, ZG 1, SKG 210, KG 51 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Georg Schentke* 87[40] JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 25 December 1942
Karl-Heinz Scherfling* Oberfeldwebel 33[184] NJG 1 Knight's Cross
KIA 21 July 1944
Ernst Scheufele Oberleutnant 14[181] JG 5, JG 4
Erich Scheyda Oberfeldwebel 20[185] JG 26
Franz Schieß* Hauptmann 67[61] JG 53 Knight's Cross
KIA 2 September 1943
Wilhelm Schilling Oberleutnant 63[186] JG 54, EJG 1 Knight's Cross
Hans Schleef* 98[30] JG 3, JG 5, JG 4 Knight's Cross
KIA 31 December 1944
Hermann Schleinhege Leutnant 96[30] JG 3, JG 54 Knight's Cross
Joachim Schlichting Major 8 (incl. 5 in Spain)[187] JG 27 Knight's Cross
Karl-Friedrich Schlosstein Hauptmann 8 JG 77, JG 5
Johann Schmid* Major 45[188] JG 2, JG 26 Knight's Cross
KIA 6 November 1941
Dietrich Schmidt Hauptmann 39[17] NJG 1 Knight's Cross
Erich Schmidt* Oberleutnant 47[189] JG 53 Knight's Cross
KIA 31 August 1941
Gottfried Schmidt 8 JG 26
Heinz Schmidt* Hauptmann 173[10] JG 52 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
MIA 5 September 1943
Johannes Schmidt Oberleutnant 12[190] JG 26
Rudolf Schmidt* Feldwebel 42[191] JG 77 Knight's Cross
KIA 6 April 1942
Winfrid Schmidt Hauptmann 19[192] JG 3
Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer Major 121[109]/119[192] NJG 1, NJG 4 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords and Diamonds
Top Night Fighter Ace of World War II
August Schneider Leutnant 11 JG 5
Gerhard Schneider 41[192] JG 51, JGr Ost
Hugo Schneider Oberleutnant 9 JG 27
Walter Schneider 20[190] JG 26
Karl-Heinz Schnell Major 72[50] JG 51, JG 53, JV 44 Knight's Cross
"Wumm" Siegfried Schnell* 93[193] JG 54, JG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 25 February 1944
Karl "Quax" Schnörrer Leutnant 46[194] JG 54, JG 7, Kdo Nowotny Knight's Cross
Herbert Schob Hauptmann 28 (incl. 6 in Spain)[195] LG 1, ZG 76, ZG 26 Knight's Cross
Rudolf Schoenert Major 64[25] NJG 1, NJG 2, NJG 3, NJG 100, NJGr 10, NJG 5 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Erich Schöfbock Leutnant 14 JG 27
Günther Scholz Major 34 (+1 in Spain) JG 54, JG 5
Helmut Schönfelder Oberfeldwebel 56[195] JG 51 Knight's Cross
Gerhard Schöpfel Major 45[196] JG 26, JG 4, JG 6 Knight's Cross
Georg Schott* Oberleutnant 21[197] LG 2, JG 1 KIA 27 September 1943
Herbert Schramm* Hauptmann 40[197] JG 53, JG 27 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 1 December 1943
Alfred Schreiber* Leutnant 5[197] ZG 26, EKdo 262, Kdo Nowotny, JG 7 KIFA 26 November 1944
Werner Schröer Major 114[24]/106[197] JG 3, JG 27, JG 54 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Fritz Schröter 11[198] JG 2, SKG 10, SG 5, SG 4 Knight's Cross
Hans Schubert 8 JG 1
Walter Schuck Oberleutnant 206[10]/181[197] JG 5, JG 7 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Leo Schuhmacher Leutnant 23[198] ZG 76, JG 1, JV 44 Knight's Cross
Franz Schulte* Feldwebel 46[198] JG 77 Knight's Cross
KIA 12 August 1942
Helmuth Schulte Hauptmann 25[31] NJG 5 Knight's Cross
Otto Schultz 73[50] JG 51 Knight's Cross
Gerhard Schulwitz Leutnant 9[199] JG 26
Otto Schulz* Oberleutnant 51[200] JG 27 Knight's Cross
KIA 17 June 1942
Werner Schumacher 30 JG 5
Heinz Schumann 21 JG 51, JG 2 SKG 10
Franz Schwaiger* Leutnant 67[61] JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 24 April 1944
Günther Schwanecke Hauptmann 10 JG 77, JG 5
Gerhard Schwartz 20 JG 51
Günther Schwarz Oberfeldwebel 40 JG 51
Georg Seckel Hauptmann 40 JG 77, JG 200, JG 4
Günther Seeger Oberleutnant 56[201] JG 53, JG 2 Knight's Cross
Georg Seelmann 39[201] JG 51, JG 103 Knight's Cross
Hermann Segatz Hauptmann 40 JG 26, JG 51, JG 5, JG 1
Georg Seidel Oberfeldwebel 45[202] JG 51
Alfred Seidl Oberleutnant 31[202] JG 53, JG 3, JG 7
Johannes Seifert* Oberstleutnant 57[203] JG 26 Knight's Cross
KIA 25 November 1943
Reinhard Seiler Major 109 (incl. 9 in Spain)[24] JG 54, JG 104 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Erich von Selle 7 JG 26
Waldemar Semelka 65[53] JG 52 Knight's Cross
Paul Semrau* Major 46[13] NJG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 8 February 1945
Fritz Sengschmitt 15 ZG 76, ZG 26
Heinrich Setz* Major 138[28] JG 27, JG 77 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 13 March 1943
Peter Siegler* Feldwebel 48[204] JG 54 Knight's Cross
MIA 24 September 1942
Rudolf Sigmund* Hauptmann 29[204] NJG 1 Knight's Cross
KIA 4 October 1943
Friedrich Simon 22 JG 51
Siegfried Simsch Hauptmann 54[205] JG 52, JG 11 Knight's Cross
KIA 8 June 1944
Rudolf Sinner 39 JG 27
Kurt Sochatzy Oberleutnant 38[205] JG 3 Knight's Cross
Waldemar Söffing Leutnant 35[206] JG 26
Gerhard Sommer Hauptmann 20[205] JG 11, JG 1 Knight's Cross
Hermann Sommer 19 NJG 2, NJG 102
Wolfgang Späte Major 99[21] JG 54, JG 400, JG 7 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Günther Specht* Oberstleutnant 34[207] ZG 26, JG 11 Knight's Cross
MIA 1 January 1945
Wilhelm Spies* Major 20 ZG 26 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 27 January 1942
Robert Spreckles 12 JG 11, JG 1
Peter Spoden Hauptmann 23[208] NJG 5, NJG 6
Gustav Sprick Oberleutnant 31[209] JG 26 Knight's Cross
Karl Stadek Oberfeldwebel 29 JG 51
Hans-Arnold Stahlschmidt* Oberleutnant 60[210] JG 27 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
MIA 7 September 1942
Hermann Staiger Major 63[207] JG 51, JG 26, JG 1, JG 7 Knight's Cross
Friedrich-Wilhelm Stakejahn 9 JG 5, SG 4
Otto Stammberger Oberleutnant 7[211] JG 26
Karl Steffen* Oberfeldwebel 59 JG 52 MIA 14 August 1943
Hans-Joachim Steffens Leutnant 21[211] JG 51
Leopold "Bazi" Steinbatz* 99[21]/98[211] JG 52 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
KIA 23 June 1942
Franz Steiner Oberfeldwebel 12 JG 27, JG 1, JG 11, JV 44
Günter Steinhausen* Leutnant 40[212] JG 27 Knight's Cross
KIA 6 September 1942
Ulrich Steinhilper Oberleutnant 5 JG 52
"Macky" Johannes Steinhoff Oberst 176[10]/168[211] JG 26, JG 52, JG 77 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Wilhelm Steinmann Major 44[212] JG 27, JG 4, JV 44 Knight's Cross
Heinrich Steis Leutnant 21 JG 27
Heinrich Sterr* Oberleutnant 130[37] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 26 November 1944
Franz Stigler 45 JG 27, JV 44
Bruno Stolle Hauptmann 35[213] LG 1, JG 2, JG 11 Knight's Cross
"Max" Maximilian Stotz* 189[10]/182[214] JG 54 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
MIA 19 August 1943
Friedrich-Wilhelm Strakeljahn* Oberfeldwebel 9[213] JG 5, SG 4 Knight's Cross
KIA 6 July 1944
Hubert Strassl* 67[213] JG 51 Knight's Cross
KIA 8 July 1943
Erwin Straznicky* Oberleutnant 36 LG 2, JG 77, JG 3 MIA 3 October 1942
Werner Streib Oberst 66[109] NJG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
Hans Strelow* Leutnant 68[23] JG 51 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 22 May 1942
Fritz Stritzel Stabsfeldwebel 19 JG 2
Karl Strohecker Oberfeldwebel 24 NJG 100
Heinz Strüning* Hauptmann 56[25] ZG 26, KG 30, NJG 2, NJG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 25 December 1944
Werner Stumpf* Oberfeldwebel 48[215] JG 53 Knight's Cross
KIA 13 October 1942
Gustav Sturm Oberleutnant 22 JG 27, JG 3, JG 51, EJG 2, JG 7
Heinrich Sturm* Hauptmann 157[28] JG 52 Knight's Cross
KIA 22 December 1944
Alfred Surau Oberfeldwebel 46 JG 3
Ernst Süß* Oberleutnant 68[216] JG 52 Knight's Cross
KIA 20 December 1943
Paul Szameitat* Hauptmann 29[31] NJG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 2 January 1944
Willi Szuggar Oberfeldwebel 9 (+5 in Spain) JG 52, JG 26

T

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Adolph Tabbat Feldwebel 6 JG 26
Otto Tange* Oberleutnant 68[61] JG 51 Knight's Cross
KIA 30 July 1943
Kurt Tangermann Leutnant 45[214] JG 54
Kurt Tanzer Leutnant of the Reserves 143[28] JG 51 Knight's Cross
Gabriel Tautscher Unteroffizier 58[214] JG 51
Fritz Tegtmeier Oberleutnant 146[28][214] JG 54, JG 7 Knight's Cross
Waldemar Teige* Oberleutnant 12[217] KG 53 Knight's Cross
KIA 3 October 1942
Alfred Teumer* 76[50] JG 54, JG 7 Knight's Cross
KIFA 4 October 1944
Edwin Thiel* Hauptmann 76[50] JG 52, JG 51 Knight's Cross
KIA 14 July 1944
Werner Thierfelder* 27[218] ZG 26 Knight's Cross
KIFA 18 July 1944
Wolfgang Thimmig Oberstleutnant 23[214] NJG 1, NJG 2, NJG 4
Gerhard Thyben Oberleutnant 157[28][214] JG 3, JG 54 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Ekkehard Tichy* Hauptmann 25[219] JG 53, JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 16 August 1944
Horst Tietzen* 27 (incl. 7 in Spain)[219] JG 51 Knight's Cross
KIA 18 August 1940
Günther Tonne* Major ~20[220] SKG 210, SKG 10, ZG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 15 July 1943
Wolfgang Tonne* Hauptmann 122[27]/120[221] JG 53 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 20 April 1943
Eduard Tratt* Major 38[222] ZG 1, ZG 26 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 22 February 1944
Hannes Trautloft Oberst 58 (incl. 5 in Spain)[219] JG 51, JG 54 Knight's Cross
Rudolf Trenkel Hauptmann 138[28]/132[221] JG 77, JG 52 Knight's Cross

U

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Kurt "Kuddel" Ubben* Major 110[24]/93[221] JG 77, JG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 27 April 1944
Martin Ulbrich Oberfeldwebel 32+[221] JG 51
Horst Ulenberg Leutnant 16[223][221] JG 26
Willy Unger 21[221] JG 3, JG 7 Knight's Cross
Robert Unzeitig 10[223]/9[221] JG 26

V

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Heinrich Vandeweerd Oberfähnrich 6[223][221] JG 26
Bernhard Vechtel Oberleutnant 108[24][221] JG 51 Knight's Cross
Heinz Venth* 14[221] JG 51 MIA 16 July 1944
Helmut Viedebantt* Major 23[214] ZG 1, SG 10 Knight's Cross
KIA 1 May 1945
Heinz Vinke* Oberleutnant 54[25] NJG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 26 February 1944
Otto Vinzent 45[221] JG 54
Gerhard Vivroux* Feldwebel 10[224] JG 3 WIA 25 October 1944
Ferdinand Vögl Hauptmann 29[224] JG 27
Heinz-Gerhard Vogt* Oberleutnant 48[225] JG 26 Knight's Cross
KIA 14 January 1945
Maximilian Volke* Oberfeldwebel 36[224] JG 77 Remains of plane and pilot found in 2007 near Modena, Italy.

W

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Friedrich Wachowiak* Leutnant 86[40] JG 52, JG 3 Knight's Cross
KIA 16 July 1944
Edmund Wagner* Oberfeldwebel 57[224] JG 51 Knight's Cross
KIA 13 November 1941
Rudolf Wagner* Leutnant 81[15] JG 51 Knight's Cross
MIA 11 December 1943
Hans Waldmann* Oberleutnant 134[37]/131[224] JG 52, JG 3, JG 7 Knight's Cross
KIFA 18 March 1945
Horst Walther 34[224] JG 51
Siegfried Wandam 14[224] NJG 1
Joachim Wandel* Hauptmann 75[50] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 7 October 1942
Karl-Heinz Weber* 136[37]/132[224] JG 51, JG 1 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 7 June 1944
Heinrich Wefers Oberfeldwebel 51[224] JG 52, JG 54
Günther Wegmann Oberleutnant 21 ZG 26, EKdo 262, JG 7
Alfred Wehmeyer* 18[226] ZG 26 Knight's Cross
KIA 1 June 1942
Hans-Dieter Weihs Leutnant 8 JG 7
Hans Weik Hauptmann 36[227] JG 3, EJGr Ost, EJG 2 Knight's Cross
Dietrich Weinitschke Feldwebel 18 JG 5
Gottfried Weiroster* Leutnant 6 JGr 50, JG 11 KIA 26 November 1943
Ernst Weismann* Oberleutnant 69[23] JG 51 Knight's Cross
MIA 13 August 1942
Robert "Bazi" Weiss* Hauptmann 121[27]/122[228] JG 54 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 29 December 1944
Theodor "Theo" Weissenberger Major 208[19][228] JG 5, JG 7 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Kurt Welter Oberleutnant 63[229] JG 300, NJGr 10, NJG 11 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Hans-Gerd Wennekers 24
Peter Werfft, Dr. Major 26[230] JG 27 Knight's Cross
Heinz Wernicke* Leutnant 117[27]/118[228] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIFA 27 December 1944
Ulrich Wernitz 101[21][228] JG 54 Knight's Cross
Franz von Werra* Hauptmann 21[231] JG 3, JG 53 Knight's Cross
KIFA 25 October 1941
Otto Weßling* Oberleutnant 83[40] JG 3 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 19 April 1944
Walther Wever* 44[231] JG 51, JG 7 Knight's Cross
KIFA 10 April 1945
Helmut Wick* Major 56[232] JG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
MIA 28 November 1940
Johannes Wiese 133[37]/118[228] JG 52, JG 77 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
12 in one mission
Wolf-Dietrich Wilcke* Oberst 162[28]/155[233] JG 53, JG 3 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
KIA 23 March 1944
Karl Willius* Oberleutnant 50[234] JG 26 Knight's Cross
KIA 8 April 1944
Alexander von Winterfelt* Oberstleutnant 13[235] JG 2, JG 77 Knight's Cross
KIFA 16 May 1942
Eugen Wintergerst* Leutnant 22 JG 77, JG 1 KIA 4 September 1943
Hermann Wischnewski Oberfähnrich 28[31] JG 300 Knight's Cross
Heinrich Wohlers* Major 29[31] NJG 4, NJG 6 Knight's Cross
KIFA 15 March 1944
Ulrich Wöhnert Leutnant 86[40] JG 54 Knight's Cross
Franz Woidich Oberleutnant 110[24]/81[233] JG 27, JG 52, JG 400 Knight's Cross
Erich Woitke Hauptmann 26 (+4 in Spain) J/88, JG 3, JG 52, JG 77, JG 27, JG 11, JG 300, JG 1 German Cross in Gold
Albin Wolf* Oberleutnant 144[28]/142[233] JG 54 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 22 April 1944
Hermann Wolf Leutnant 55[233] JG 52, JG 11, JG 7 Knight's Cross
Robert Wolf 21 NJG 5
Walter Wolfrum Oberleutnant 137[28]/134[233] JG 52 Knight's Cross
Helmut Woltersdorf* 23[233] NJG 1 German Cross
KIA 2 June 1942
Waldemar Wübke Hauptmann 14[233] JG 54, JG 101 German Cross
Karl Wünsch Leutnant 20[236] JG 27 German Cross
Otto Würfel* 79[15]/77[236] JG 51 Knight's Cross
MIA 23 February 1944
Josef "Sepp" Wurmheller* Major 102[21]/103[236] JG 53, JG 2 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords
KIA 22 June 1944
Heinrich Wurzel Hauptmann 12[236] JG 302, JG 301 German Cross

Z

Name Rank Total wartime victories Unit Notes
Joachim Zeller Fahnenjunker-Feldwebel 6[236] JG 26
Walter Zellot* Leutnant 85[40]/84[236] JG 53 Knight's Cross
KIA 10 September 1942
Oskar Zimmermann Leutnant 28+[236] JG 51, JG 3 Knight's Cross
Füllbert Zink Hauptmann 36[237][236] JG 26 German Cross
Josef Zirngibl Oberfeldwebel 9[237][236] JG 26
Paul Zorner Major 59[25]/58[236] NJG 2, NJG 3, NJG 100, NJG 5 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
Franz-Josef Zoufahl Oberfeldwebel 26[236] JG 51 German Cross
Eugen-Ludwig Zweigart* Oberleutnant 69[23]/66[236] JG 54 Knight's Cross
KIA 12 January 1943
Josef Zwernemann* Hauptmann 126[27]/123[236] JG 52, JG 11 Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves
KIA 8 April 1944
Rudi Zwesken Oberfeldwebel 23+[236] JG 52, JG 300 Knight's Cross

Pilots with more than 100 aerial victory claims

  This along with the ! (exclamation mark), indicates the first pilot to reach the 100th, 150th, 200th, 250th, or 300th victory claim.

Name 100th Claim 150th Claim 200th Claim 250th Claim 300th Claim
Werner Mölders 15 July 1941![238]
Günther Lützow 24 October 1941[239]
Walter Oesau 26 October 1941[240]
Hans Philipp 31 March 1942[241] 14 January 1943[242] 17 March 1943[243]
Herbert Ihlefeld 22 April 1942[244]
Max-Hellmuth Ostermann 12 May 1942[245]
Hermann Graf 14 May 1942[246] 4 September 1942[247] 26 September 1942![248]
Adolf Dickfeld 18 May 1942[249]
Heinrich Bär 19 May 1942[250] 27 January 1943[251] 22 April 1944[252]
Gordon Gollob 20 May 1942[253] 29 August 1942![254]
Hans-Joachim Marseille 17 June 1942[255] 15 September 1942[256]
Erwin Clausen 22 July 1942[257]
Heinrich Setz 24 July 1942[258]
Viktor Bauer 25 July 1942[259]
Franz-Josef Beerenbrock 1 August 1942[260]
Anton Hackl 5 August 1942[261] 9 July 1944
Kurt Brändle 22 August 1942[262] 5 July 1943[263]
Johannes Steinhoff 31 August 1942[264] 2 February 1943[265]
Joachim Müncheberg 5 September 1942[266]
Wolf-Dietrich Wilcke 6 September 1942[267] 17 December 1942[268]
Heinz Schmidt 15 September 1942[264] 12 August 1943[269]
Friedrich-Karl "Tutti" Müller 19 September 1942[270]
Wilhelm Crinius 22 September 1942[271]
Wolfgang Tonne 22 September 1942[271]
Hans Beißwenger 30 September 1942[272] 5 March 1943[273]
Ernst-Wilhelm Reinert 3 October 1942[274] 25 April 1943[275]
Günther Rall 22 October 1942[276] 7 August 1943[277] 29 August 1943[278] 28 November 1943[279]
Josef Zwernemann 25 October 1942[276]
Max Stotz 29 October 1942[280] 26 January 1943[281]
Friedrich Geißhardt 10 November 1942[282]
Gerhard Barkhorn 19 December 1942[283] 8 August 1943[269] 30 November 1943[284] 12 February 1944[285] 5 January 1945[286]
Hartmann Grasser 2 January 1943[287]
Kurt Ubben 14 January 1943[288]
Hans "Assi" Hahn 26 January 1943[281]
Wilhelm Lemke 16 March 1943[289]
Alfred Grislawski 27 April 1943[290]
Joachim Kirschner 27 April 1943[291] 5 July 1943[263]
Hans Dammers 5 May 1943[292]
Wolf-Udo Ettel 6 May 1943[291]
Heinrich Ehrler 8 June 1943[293] 25 May 1944[294] 20 November 1944[295]
Rudolf Miethig 8 June 1943[296]
Walter Nowotny 15 June 1943[297] 18 August 1943[298] 8 September 1943[299] 14 October 1943![300]
Theodor Weissenberger 4 July 1943[301] 25 March 1944[302] 25 July 1944[303]
Reinhard Seiler 6 July 1943[304]
Johannes Wiese 17 July 1943[305]
Emil Bitsch 21 July 1943[306]
Werner Lucas 21 July 1943[307]
Dietrich Hrabak 2 August 1943[308]
Karl-Heinz Weber 12 August 1943[309]
Berthold Korts 17 August 1943[310]
Walter Krupinski 18 August 1943[310] 12 October 1943[311]
Günther Schack 3 September 1943[312] 13 August 1944[313]
Otto Kittel 14 September 1943[314] 4 April 1944[315] 26 August 1944[316] 27 October 1944[317]
Erich Hartmann 20 September 1943[318] 13 December 1943[279] 26 March 1944[319] 4 June 1944[320] 24 August 1944![321]
Erich Rudorffer 11 October 1943[322] 26 July 1944[323] 28 October 1944[324]
Anton Hafner 15 October 1943[325] 16 July 1944[326] 16 October 1944[327]
Albin Wolf 25 October 1943[328]
Emil Lang 2 November 1943[329] 14 June 1944[330]
Erich Leie 6 November 1943[331]
Joachim Brendel 22 November 1943[331] 22 October 1944[332]
Otto Fönnekold 12 January 1944[333]
Horst Ademeit 15 January 1944[210] 28 May 1944
Egon Mayer 5 February 1944[334]
Wilhelm Batz 22 March 1944[335] 31 May 1944[336] 17 August 1944[337]
Heinrich Sturm 23 March 1944[215] December 1944
Heinrich Sterr 29 March 1944[212]
Helmut Lipfert 11 April 1944[338] 24 October 1944[338] 8 April 1945[338]
Hans Waldmann 11 April 1944[226]
Gerhard Hoffmann 22 April 1944[339]
Fritz Tegtmeier 3 May 1944[217]
Karl Gratz 6 May 1944[340]
Robert Weiß 19 May 1944[341]
Werner Schröer 24 May 1944[342]
Walter Wolfrum 1 June 1944[343]
Kurt Bühligen 7 June 1944[344]
Heinz Sachsenberg 8 June 1944[345]
Josef Wurmheller 8 June 1944[346]
Josef Priller 15 June 1944[347]
Walter Schuck 15 June 1944[348] 23 August 1944[349] 24 March 1945[350]
Helmut Lent 16 June 1944[351]
Kurt Tanzer June 1944
Rudolf Trenkel 14 July 1944[352]
Franz Woidich July 1944
Günther Josten 20 July 1944[353] 17 February 1945[354]
Friedrich Obleser 21 July 1944[355]
Adolf Borchers 24 July 1944[39]
Franz Dörr 23 August 1944[356]
Jakob Norz 23 August 1944[356]
Franz Schall 31 August 1944[357]
Franz Eisenach 14 September 1944[358]
Heinz Wernicke 14 September 1944[359]
Peter Düttmann 25 September 1944[360] 23 April 1945
Gerhard Thyben 30 September 1944[361] 23 February 1945[362]
Heinz-Wolfgang Schnaufer 9 October 1944
Hans-Joachim Birkner 16 October 1944[363]
Siegfried Freytag December 1944
Eberhard von Boremski January 1945
Walther Dahl 28 February 1945
Bernhard Vechtel 25 March 1945[364]
Ulrich Wernitz 26 March 1945[365]
August Lambert April 1945
Heinz Marquardt 14 April 1945[366]
Adolf Galland 21 April 1945

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  343. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 227.
  344. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 38.
  345. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1085.
  346. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1456.
  347. ^ Caldwell 1998, p. 280.
  348. ^ Mombeek 2011, p. 285.
  349. ^ Mombeek 2011, p. 290.
  350. ^ Boehme 1992, pp. 130–131.
  351. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015a, p. 744.
  352. ^ Obermaier 1989, p. 217.
  353. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015a, p. 591.
  354. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015a, p. 592.
  355. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015b, p. 931.
  356. ^ a b Mombeek 2011, p. 291.
  357. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1104.
  358. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2014, p. 278.
  359. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1403.
  360. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2014, p. 250.
  361. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1323.
  362. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1324.
  363. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2014, p. 106.
  364. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1350.
  365. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015c, p. 1405.
  366. ^ Matthews & Foreman 2015b, p. 809.

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