Faizabad

This article is about the municipality in Uttar Pradesh, India. For its namesake district, see Faizabad district.

"Faizabad" redirects here. For other uses, see Faizabad (disambiguation).

Faizabad Faizabad फ़ैज़ाबाद فیض آباد
city
Population  (2011)
• Total	510,000
Website	faizabad.nic.in/

City of Faizabad (Template:Lang-hi, Template:Lang-ur), the first capital of Awadh, is the headquarters of Faizabad District and a municipal board in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, situated on the banks of river Ghaghra (locally known as Saryu). Faizabad has a twin city of Ayodhya, which is considered to be the birthplace of Rama. It was the first capital of the Nawabs of Awadh and has monuments built by the Nawabs of Avadh, like the Tomb of Bahu Begum, Gulab Bari etc. The city of Ayodhya is an important pilgrimage centre in Hindu belief known for its Hindu temples, as well as for the disputed site of Babri Mosque. Ayodhya is also the birth place of first Tirthankara of Jainism, Rishabha, known as the father of Jainism. The Legend of Avadh, Umrao Jaan 'Ada', was born in Faizabad (her childhood name was Ameeran). Another legend and Hindi writer Mr. Radhika Prasad Tripathi was from this city. Akhtaribai Faizabadi, also known as Begum Akhtar, was born in Faizabad. She was a classical singer who performed ghazals, dadras, thumris, etc. Among other notable people from Faizabad are Mir Babar Ali Anis, a nineteenth century writer of Marsiya (elegies in Urdu) and Brij Narayan Chakbast, another nineteenth-century Urdu poet. Chakbast is credited to have translated the Ramayana into Urdu for the first time.

History

Saadat Ali Khan, the first Nawab of Awadh, who laid the foundation of Faizabad.

Safdarjung, the second Nawab of Awadh, who made Faizabad a military headquarter.

File:Shuja-ud-Daula Tilly Kettle 1772.jpg

Shuja-ud-Daula, the third Nawab, who made Faizabad first capital of Awadh, pictured with Four Sons, General Barker and other Military Officers

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Asaf-Ud-Dowlah, The fourth Nawab of Awadh, who shifted the capital of Awadh from Faizabad to Lucknow.

Faizabad established during medieval era just outside the ancient city of Ayodhya. Faizabad came into existence many centuries later to ancient city of Ayodhya but today it is much larger than Ayodhya due to rapid growth and settlement. Today, both the cities have been merged so intimately that it is difficult to defferntiate. More accurate references are found in Medieval and Modern history, when Nawab Saadat Ali Khan was given the charge of the Subah of Awadh (sometimes also spelled as Avadh) around 1722 by the Mughal Court. Nawab Sa'adat Khan made the first settlements along the banks of Ghaghra with a cantonment consisting of a fortress and mud barracks. Due to these temporary dwellings, Faizabad was first known as 'Bangla' (implied meaning- hutment). The city was developed later on by Sa'adat Khan's successor, Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula into a full fledged capital city, with gardens, palaces, markets, roads and other infrastructure. Under Shuja-ud-Daula's reign Faizabad achieved its culmination as an important centre of trade and commerce in northern India and attracted travellers, writers, merchants, artists and courtesans from sll over Europe and Asia. Shuja-ud-Daula also built a fortress on the banks of Saryu after he lost the battle of Buxar in 1764. however, this fort now is nothing more than a hummock.

Faizabad was also a centre of one of many battles of the Mutiny of 1857. A detailed history of Faizabad can be read in 'Tareekh-e-Farahbaksh', written by Mohd. Faiz Baksh, (after whom Faizabad is named) a courtier in the Shuja-ud-Daula's court. This book has been translated into English by Hamid Afaq Qureshi as 'Memoirs of Faizabad'. Faizabad also finds a prominent and detailed mention in 'Guzishta Lakhnau' written by Maulvi Abdul Halim 'Sharar'. The third nawab of Awadh, Nawab Asaf-Ud-Dowlah (also, Asaf-ud-Daula), shifted the Capital of Avadh to Lucknow in 1775.

Saadat Khan, the first Nawab of Awadh, laid the foundation of Faizabad at the outskirt of ancient city of Ayodhya. Faizabad developed as a township during the reign of Safdar Jang, the second nawab of Avadh (1739-54), who made it his military headquarters while his successor Shuja-ud-daula made it the capital of Awadh Suja-ud-daula, the third Nawab of Awadh, settled at Faizabad after 1764 and built a fort known as Chhota Calcutta, now in ruins. In 1765 he built the Chowk and Tirpaulia and subsequently laid out the Anguribagh and Motibagh to the south of it, Asafbagh and Bulandbagh to the west of the city. During the reign of Shuja-Ud-Daula, Faizabad attained such a prosperity which it never saw again. The Nawabs graced Faziabad with several beautiful buildings, notable among them being the Gulab Bari, Moti Mahal and the tomb of Bahu Begum. Gulab Bari is a striking building of fine properties, standing in a garden surrounded by a wall, approachable through two large gateways. These buildings are particularly interesting for their assimilative architectural styles. Shuja-ud-daula's wife was the well known Bahu Begum, who married the Nawab in 1743 and continued to reside in Faizabad, her residence being the Moti-Mahal. Close by at Jawaharbagh lies her Maqbara, where she was buried after her death in 1816. It is considered to be one of the finest buildings of its kind in Avadh, which was built at the cost of three lakh rupees by her chief advisor Darab Ali Khan. A fine view of the city is obtainable from top of the begum's tomb. Bahu Begum was a woman of great distinction and rank, bearing dignity. Most of the Muslim buildings of Faizabad are attributed to her. From the date of Bahu Begum's death in 1815 till the annexation of Avadh, the city of Faizabad gradually fell into decay. The glory of Faizabad finally eclipsed with the shifting of capital from Faizabad to Lucknow by Nawab Asaf-ud-daula.

A section of people believe that the prominent Indian freedom fighter and revolutionary, Subash Chandra Bose spent his last days in Faizabad living incognito as a godman called 'Gumnami Baba'. This came under attention when 'Gumnami Baba' died in 1985 and was cremated secretively on the banks of river saryu (a memorial has been built at that place), in the dead of night, in the light of a motorcycle's headlight. Its also said that at the time of cremation his face was disfigured by acid to protect his identity. However, no government enquiry was launched into this matter and the identity of Gumnami Baba still remains an enigma.

Geography & Demographics

As per provisional reports of Census India, population of Faizabad in 2011 is 167,544; of which male and female are 87,279 and 80,265 respectively. The sex ratio of Faizabad city is 920 per 1000 males.

In education section, total literates in Faizabad city are 130,700 of which 70,243 are males while 60,457 are females. Average literacy rate of Faizabad city is 86.52 percent of which male and female literacy was 89.34 and 83.45 percent.

Total children (0-6) in Faizabad city are 16,479 as per figure from Census India report on 2011. There were 8,658 boys while 7,821 are girls. Child sex ratio of girls is 903 per 1000 boys.

Faizabad city is governed by Municipal Corporation which comes under Faizabad Urban Agglomeration. Although Faizabad city has population of 167,544; its urban / metropolitan population is 259,160 of which 139,074 are males and 120,086 are females.

Accessibilty

Faizabad is well connected with Kanpur, Lucknow, Varanasi, Gorakhpur and Allahabad.

By Air Nearest airports are Kanpur(186 km) Lucknow (128 km), Allahabad (144 km) and Varanasi (200 km)

Faizabad Airport: Faizabad Airport (India) is being renovated.

By Road Faizabad is situated on National Highway 28 and has good connectivity with Kanpur(186 km),Lucknow (128 km), Varanasi (200 km), Allahabad (165 km) and Gorakhpur (165 km)]. The state government's Road Transport Service runs regular and frequent buses to and from these cities.

By Rail The Indian Railways network connects Faizabad directly with Kanpur (4 hours) Lucknow (3 hours.), Varanasi (4 hours.) and Allahabad (5 hours). Direct trains such as Indore - Rajendra Nagar Via. Faizabad Express connects it with Indore, Ujjain, Bhopal Junction, Jhansi, Varanasi and Patna on weekly basis. A few mail express trains also connect Faizabad to Kolkata, New Delhi and Mumbai.

Climate

Summer (March to July) temperatures can range from 35 to 45 degrees Celsius. Winters (November to January) temperatures can range from 6 to 25 degrees Celsius. Rains during monsoon season (July to September).

Faizabad Sports Complex

Faizabad Sports Complex Loc: 26°43′47″N 82°08′17″E is an international standard sports complex being built on NH 96 (Faizabad To Sultanpur Road). The new sports complex would have astro turf, synthetic track, olympic size swimming pool, cricket field, hostels and other required facilities. After an ultra-modern sports complex in Greater Noida(Greater Noida International Sports City), meerut and at Saifai in Etawah, this is the fourth such sports facilities in Uttar Pradesh.

Faizabad International Sports Stadium

Bhim Rao Ambedkar International Sports Stadium Loc: 26°43′47″N 82°08′17″E is the part of multi crore Rs. project for sports complex project of state government.

Citiscape

Places to See

Gulab Bari is the tomb of the third Nawab of Awadh Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula in Faizabad

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Gulab Bari: Literally meaning 'Garden of Roses', the tomb of Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula (third Nawab of Awadh), this place has a good collection of roses of various varieties set by the sides of water fountains. Gulab Bari also houses a maqbara (Mausoleum) of Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula, the second Nawab of Oudh (now Avadh) in the campus.

Bahu Begum ka Maqbara (Bahu Begum's Mausoluem) in Faizabad

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Bahu Begum ka Maqbara: (The Mausoleum of the Queen Bride) the memorial built for queen of Nawab Shujah-ud-Daulah, Unmatuzzohra Bano Begum. Its one of the tallest buildings in Faizabad and is a beautiful example of non-mughal Muslim architecture. Sadly, this beautiful monument is a victim of neglect and is crumbling.

Military Temple: (The Dogra Regimental Centre/ Corps of Military Police CMP Temple) Located in cantonment area, this temple is beautifully built and the cleanlines and the pollution free environment is just spiritual thing.

Guptar Ghat in Faizabad

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Guptar Ghat: the Ghat (Jetty) where Lord Rama is believed to have taken 'jal samadhi' (leaving the earth for 'Baikuntha', the divine abode of Lord Vishnu, by drowning himself). It has picturesque view of the saryu river and its green banks and has several ancient temples. The view of sunset from Guptar Ghat is breathtaking. a boat ride is a must while visiting this place.

Company Gardens : Adjoining Guptar Ghat, on the banks of River Saryu, is Company Gardens, a botanical garden built during British Rule. it has a well maintained, sprawling garden set amidst lush greenery, far away from the hustle and bustle of the town. It also has an orchard spread over acres. Plants and Trees can also be bought here. The remains of the fort built by Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula after the battle of Buxar is also within walking distance.

Ghanta Ghar: The heart of Faizabad city, houses a clock tower (Ghanta means 'clock' in Hindi and Ghar is the Hindi word for 'house') in the middle of the city center. All distances within the city are measured from this location. The place is also known as Chowk, which houses the main vegetable and spice market in the town.

Shringi Rishi Ashram: 40 km from Faizabad in Gosainganj is ashram of Sage (Rishi in Sanskrit/Hindi) Shringi. Shringi Rishi performed 'Putrakameshti Yajya' for King Dashrath of Ayodhya, after that Lord Rama and his three brothers were born. There is an ashram of Shringi Rishi situated at Sherwaghat near Mehbubganj 40 km from Gosainganj on the banks of Sarayu river at Sherwa Ghat. Legend has it that Shringi Rishi cursed King Parikshit for his sinful conduct against rishi Lomash. The boons and curse uttered by him were proved to be absolutely true. Rishi Shringi was a distinguished expert of the super science of mantras. A temple of Shringi Rishi, is also located at Sherwaghat, and a fair is held every year in May in his honour. A cave is also located in district Faizabad near Mehbubganj Near Gosaiganj where he is supposed to have stayed. It is a long cave where he is supposed to do 'yagna' (Ritual) and is worth seeing. A place called Dilasigang. This is amazing place as located on Ghaghra bank River.

Shopping

Chowk: Next to Ghanta Ghar, is the central market of Faizabad town. One can find vegetables, fruits and spices in this market. Also, there are numerous jewellery shops in the area which cater to Faizabad town and many villages which lie in near-by areas. Some leading cloth shops could be easily found in this area. This market also has many prominent books and stationary shops of the town. Madhur sweet shop offers wide range of delicious Indian sweets. Plenty of aloo-chat shops. There is a parking facility right in the centre of chowk. Big sabzi mandi offers fresh vegetables, directly from the nearby farms.

Rekabgunj: About a kilometer away from Chowk (towards Lucknow) lies the Rekabgunj market which has a multitude of pharmacies. The market also has some seed shops which cater to the farmers of the adjoining regions. Many Restaurants and Hotels are there when going towards Lucknow. This is one of the Tourist's spot.

Bajaja: A place adjacent to Chowk towards Sultanpur Road holds a market for Clothes and garments. In Urdu Bajaja means cloth market. This area also holds major banks viz Union Bank of India, SBI and Allahabad Bank.

Fatehganj: This is a market mainly for wholesale grocery and other hose hold items. This area is on the same road on which Bajaja falls. Hotel Krishna Palace is adjacent to fauarra near Faizabad jail. This is the place which is near to Bus Station as well as Railway Station. This is one of the Tourist's spot.

Best shop for cloths is Aradhana Mens Wears in Chowk Faizabad

Gudribazaar: This is also known as "Loha-Bazaar". One Hanuman Temple is there in this place, which is one of the famous temple. Opposite to this temple, one Ayurvedic shop is there. Here you can find easily all Ayurvedic medicines.

RaniBazaar:Ranibazar is small town in Faizabad situated aroound 10 km away at raebareily road from city. its comprises approx 1000 people in town, town peoples normally do business like having small shop of groceries and clothes. adjacent villagers like from sathari, sariyavan, kadipur, amaouna, usru, sitarampur come down into the town for shopping. town has couple of schools for primary education and for senior secondry education students study in the city school. some of boys from this town became engineer, doctor, consulting professional in USA . however people from this town are bit literate but very polite and helpful to each other and living peacefully. these people celebrate Durga pooja, Ramleela, Kashyap Jayanti,in very joyful way.

Educational institutions

There are two Universities in Faizabad District, Dr.Ram Manohar Lohia Awadh University (formerly Awadh University) Awadh University and Narendra Dev University of Agriculture and Technology in Milkipur Faizabad (NDUAT). Kamta Prasad Sundar Lal Saket Post-Graduate degree college, one of the finest PG college of Awadh university, is also situated in Ayodhya, Faizabad. VSR Gruoup of Institute Faizabad, is also situated in Kosalpuri Phase-I, Faizabad.

• Dr.Ram Manohar Lohia Avadh University
• Institute of Engineering and Technology, Dr. R.M.L. Avadh University
• Pt. Hargobind Mangemen & Research Centre, Lalgang, tarun-faizabad
• Shyam Sundar Saraswati Vidyalaya Inter College (Senior Secondary School, UP Board)
• Canossa Convent Girls Higher Secondary School
• ND DAV Public School, Kumarganj, Faizabad
• Aadarsh Academy
• Aadarsh Public School, Hanshapur Faizabad
• Bharti Inter College
• Saint Mary's School (One of the oldest school of faizabad)
• Forbes Inter College
• M P L L Adarsh Inter College
• Army School (Senior Secondary School, CBSE Board)
• J B Academy (Senior Secondary School, CBSE Board)
• Darsgah-e-Islami Intermediate College Faizabad [1]
• Government Inter College
• Government Girls Inter College
• Rajkaran Vedic Patshala Inter Collage
• Kendriya Vidyalaya, Cantonment
• Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya
• Dr. H.P. SINGH PUBLIC SCHOOL, RAMPUR HALWARA,NEAR YASH PAPER MILL
• Jansewa Ashram Bandanpur Dist Faizabad
• Grammar High School
• Tiny Tots School (Senior Secondary School, CBSE Board)
• The Leprosy Mission, Wellesley Bailey Vocational training Centre, Faizabad.
• Triple T Provider, Naka hanumangarhi
• Anil Saraswati Vidya Mandir, Lavkush nagar Saket Faizabad (Senior Secondary School, CBSE Board)
• Awadh International School, Darshan Nagar
• Faizabad Public School
• Government Polytechnic Faizabad
• Sunrise Central Academy, Dufferin Hospital Road, Faizabad.
• Udaya Public School, Faizabad.
• SLRV Arya Kanya Girls Inter College
• P D Pandey Inter College, Sonaisa, Rasulabad, Faizabad
• jhunjhunwala pg college dwarikapuri faizabad.
• Jhunjhunwala Business School
• saikina Montessori school moti mahal faizabad.
• Guru Nanak Girls Inter College, khidaki Ali Beg
• Cambrian School, Sahadatganj
• Dr. Bheem Rao Ambetkar Junior High School Kakrahi Tarun Faizabad
• Chanchal computer education, tarun-faizabad (Cick here).

Namesakes

The Town of Fyzabad in Trinidad and Tobago is named after Faizabad, when indentured labourers from Faizabad and other districts in Uttar Pradesh were taken to the islands. There are towns with same name in Afghanistan (Fayzabad, Badakhshan) and Tajikistan (Faizobod) as well. Fayzabad in Afghanistan is the administrative headquarter of the Badakhshan Province. M M Luskhary Academy, Barun Bazar, Faizabad

Famous People

• Mitra Sen Yadav (Politician).

• Tirthankara Dharmnatha (the fifteenth Tirthankara, was born in Ratnapuri(modern Raunahi west of Ayodhya in district Faizabad)
• Mangal Pandey ( Father of India's first war of Independence 1857, Born in Akbarpur tehsil)
• Acharya Narendra Deva
• Pooja Batra (Bollywood actress)
• Indu Jain (Owner of Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd ,Times of India Group,Forbes India's top 20 richest person)
• Vinay Katiyar (Politician)
• Ravindranath Tewari (Politician)
• Satyendranath Tripathi (Politician)
• Khhabu Tiwari (Politician)
• Sri Hanuman Shukla ( Great freedom Fighter in 1857)
• Sri. Radhika Prasad Tripathi ( Poet )
• Mir Babar Ali Anis
• Brij Narayan CHakbast (Poet)
• Umrao Jaan
• Hazrat Khawaja Naseeruddin Chirage Dehli
• AkhtarBai Faizabadi As Begum Akhtar
• Kunwar Narain (Poet)
• Akhil Kumar ( Indian Boxer, Olympian)
• Anantu Tiwari (Veer Sewa medal winner, Indian Army, Died in Indo-Pak war)
• Rustomji cama (Associated with Mahatma Gandhi)
• Pt. Kiran Mishra (Famous Lyrics writer Specially Devotional Songs)

Nawabs of Awadh with Faizabad as capital

Portrait	Titular Name	Personal Name	Birth	Reign	Death	Buried (Tomb)
	Burhan ul Mulk Sa'adat Khan برہان الملک سعادت خان	Saadat Ali Khan I	1680 Nishapur, Greater Khorasan, Persia	1722–1739	1739 Delhi, India	Mausoleum of Saadat Ali Khan, Delhi
	Abul-Mansur Khan Safdar Jung ابو المنصور خان صفدرجنگ	Muhammad Muqim	1708 Nishapur, Greater Khorasan, Persia	1737–1753	1754 Sultanpur	Safdarjung's Tomb, Safdarjung Road, Delhi
	Shuja-ud-Daula شجاع الدولہ	Jalal-ud-din Haider Abul-Mansur Khan	1732 Mansion of Dara Shikoh, Delhi	1753–1775	1775 Faizabad, the then capital of Awadh	Gulab Bari in Faizabad is the tomb of Nawab Shuja-Ud-Daula
	Asaf-ud-Daula آصف الدولہ (he shifted the capital of Awadh from Faizabad to Lucknow)	Muhammad Yahya Mirza Amani	1748 Faizabad, the then capital of Awadh	1775–1797	1797 Lucknow, the later capital of Awadh	Bara Imambara in Lucknow is the tomb of Nawab Asaf-Ud-Daula

Gallery

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  The temple at Guptar Ghat
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  Guptar Ghat during the dry winter season
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  Bahu Begum ka Maqbara (Bahu Begum's Mausoluem)
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  stucco work on the ceiling of bahu begum ka maqbara
• Faizabad's Railway Station
  Faizabad's Railway Station
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  Gulab Bari File:Faizabad.jpg
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  beautiful gothic style church at the Mission School
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  Tilak Hall, Faizabad's town hall, office of the municipal borad. During the Raj, was known as "Victoria Memorial Hall"
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  Chowk, the city centre with its clock tower.
• Very rare bombo's flower
  Very rare bombo's flower

References

http://peepintojainism.com/thirthankara_dharma_nath.html

External links

• Faizabad & Ayodhya, city guide and News portal
• Faizabad city website
• Official district web site