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Georgia Dome

Coordinates: 33°45′29″N 84°24′04″W / 33.758°N 84.401°W / 33.758; -84.401
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Georgia Dome
September 2011
Map
Address1 Georgia Dome Drive Northwest
LocationAtlanta, Georgia
Coordinates33°45′29″N 84°24′04″W / 33.758°N 84.401°W / 33.758; -84.401
Public transitDome / GWCC / Philips Arena / CNN Center (MARTA station)
Vine City (MARTA station)
OwnerGeorgia World Congress Center Authority
OperatorGeorgia World Congress Center Authority
CapacityFootball: 71,228
Georgia State football: 28,155[5]
Basketball: 71,000[6]
Total Capacity: 80,000[7]
SurfaceFieldTurf (2003–2017)
AstroTurf (1992–2002)
Construction
Broke groundNovember 22, 1989
OpenedSeptember 6, 1992
ClosedJune 9, 2017[1]
DemolishedNovember 20, 2017
Construction cost$214 million
($465 million in 2023 dollars[2])
ArchitectHeery International; Rosser FABRAP International; and tvsdesign
Project managerBarton-Malow[3]
Structural engineerWeidlinger Associates[3]
General contractorBeers/Georgia Dome Team[3]
Tenants
Atlanta Falcons (NFL) (1992–2016)
Atlanta Hawks (NBA) (1997–1999)
Peach Bowl (NCAA) (1993–2016)
Georgia State Panthers (NCAA) (2010–2016)
Celebration Bowl (NCAA) (2015–2016)
Drum Corps International[4] (DCI) (2006–2016)

The Georgia Dome was a domed stadium in the southeastern United States. Located in Atlanta between downtown to the east and Vine City to the west, it was owned and operated by the State of Georgia as part of the Georgia World Congress Center Authority. Its successor, Mercedes-Benz Stadium, was built adjacent to the south and opened on August 26, 2017. The Georgia Dome was demolished on November 20, 2017.[8]

The Georgia Dome was the home stadium for the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League (NFL) and the Georgia State University Panthers football team. It hosted 25 editions of the Peach Bowl (January 1993 through December 2016) and 23 SEC Championship Games (1994−2016). In addition, the Georgia Dome also hosted several soccer matches since 2009 with attendances over 50,000. In its 25-year lifespan, the Georgia Dome hosted over 1,400 events attended by over 37 million people.[9]

At its debut in 1992, the Georgia Dome was the second-largest covered stadium in the world by capacity, behind the Pontiac Silverdome; it was also surpassed by AT&T Stadium in Arlington, Texas, and Millennium Stadium in Cardiff, Wales.

History

Construction

The Georgia Dome was completed in 1992 at a cost of $214 million, which came from the Georgia General Assembly, making it one of the largest state-funded construction projects in Georgia history. The stadium seated 71,228 for football, approximately 80,000 for concerts, and 71,000 for basketball when the dome was fully open, and 40,000 for basketball and gymnastics when the dome was sectioned off (one half closed off by a large curtain). For most Georgia State football games, the dome was configured with 28,155 seats, with tickets for only the bulk of the lower level and the club-level seats on sale.[5][10] The record for overall attendance at the Georgia Dome came during a college football game, with 80,892 at the SEC Championship Game in 2008.[citation needed][11]

The structure was located on 9.19 acres (3.72 hectares) of land; the dome had a height of 270.67 ft (82.50 m), a structure length of 745.75 ft (227.30 m), a structure width of 606.96 ft (185.00 m), and a total floor area of 102,149.51 square feet (9,490.00 m2). The dome was the largest cable-supported dome in the world. Its roof was made of teflon-coated fiberglass fabric and had an area of 374,584.08 square feet (34,800.00 m2). From its completion until the December 31, 1999 opening of the 20-acre (8.09-hectare) Millennium Dome in London, it was the largest hooked domed structure of any type in the world.

Surface

The Georgia Dome originally used AstroTurf artificial surface for its football events. In 2003, Arthur Blank, the new owner of Atlanta Falcons, funded the installation of the new infilled FieldTurf artificial surface system.[12]

Renovations

In 2006, the Atlanta Falcons and the Georgia World Congress Center Authority announced a $300 million renovation to the Georgia Dome. The project was separated into two stages. The first stage, which took place before the 2007 NFL season, focused on updating the premium seating areas, including the creation of eight 'super-suites' as well as an owners' club.[13] In 2008, the exterior of the stadium was repainted, replacing the original teal and maroon color scheme with a red, black, and silver theme to match the Falcons' team colors; the stadium's original teal seats were replaced with red seats in the lower and upper levels and black seats in the middle level. The entrance gates and concourses were also renovated and updated before the 2008 football season.[14][15] In 2009, the video screens in both end zones were relocated to a new exterior monument sign on Northside Drive. The interior end zones each received a new and considerably wider High Definition video screen that significantly enhanced views of replays, as well as graphics and digital presentations. A new sound system was installed in the same year, replacing the previous system that was nearly 20 years old.

Three years after the completion of the Dome, the integrity of its roof became an issue. During a Falcons pre-season game in August 1995, a severe rainstorm caused water to pool on the fabric, tearing part of the material, and causing a section of the roof to fall into the stadium. The storm was intense enough that the roof panels could be seen moving during the game, and the water and roof material later fell with enough force to smash seats in the upper decks and knock holes in concrete floors. The collapse occurred after fans left the stadium, and no one was injured during the incident. The roof was eventually repaired in a way that prevented similar incidents from occurring in the future.[16][17]

In the 2008 Atlanta tornado outbreak on March 14, 2008, during the 2008 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament, a tornado ripped two holes in the dome during the Alabama–Mississippi State quarterfinal game, delaying the game for about an hour. The quarterfinal game to follow between the Kentucky Wildcats and Georgia Bulldogs was postponed until the following day.[17] The resulting damage forced the rest of the tournament to be moved to the Alexander Memorial Coliseum, now known as Hank McCamish Pavilion, at Georgia Tech.[18]

Replacement and demolition

Main article: Mercedes-Benz Stadium
The Georgia Dome (right) and Mercedes-Benz Stadium on July 2, 2017

In 2010, the Georgia World Congress Center Authority announced plans for a new stadium with a retractable roof just south of the Georgia Dome, with the new stadium receiving approval from the city of Atlanta, Fulton County, and Georgia state governments in 2013 and broke ground and commenced construction in 2014.

The Falcons' final game in the Dome was the 2016 NFC Championship Game on January 22, 2017, with a 44–21 victory over the Green Bay Packers. The stadium's final public event took place on March 4 and 5, 2017 with back-to-back Monster Jam shows.[19]

Shortly after the Dome's closing, a group presented a petition to the governor's office to save the Georgia Dome from demolition; however, GWCCA officials stated that maintaining two 70,000 seat stadiums was not financially feasible, and the Georgia Dome's fate was already sealed when Mercedes-Benz Stadium was approved in 2013.[20]

Demolition of the Georgia Dome was to begin shortly after the stadium's final event; however, due to construction delays caused by the complexity of Mercedes-Benz Stadium's eight-panel retractable roof, demolition of the Georgia Dome was postponed until the new stadium's certificate of occupancy could be issued. GWCCA officials stated that the Georgia Dome would remain nominally operational until Mercedes-Benz Stadium was ready; however, the Dome's artificial turf had been removed prior to the announcement of the new stadium's delay.[21]

The Georgia Dome site will become greenspace for tailgating at Mercedes-Benz Stadium and other community events; a 600-car parking garage and a high rise convention center hotel are also planned for the site.[22] On April 21, 2017, GWCCA officials announced that The Home Depot acquired the naming rights to the 13-acre (53,000 m2) park to be built on part of the Georgia Dome site.[23] On June 9, 2017, Steve Cannon, CEO of the Falcons' parent company AMB Group, stated that construction officials were confident that Mercedes-Benz Stadium would be ready in time for the Falcons' first preseason game, and the process of decommissioning the Georgia Dome had resumed, with the Dome scheduled for implosion on November 20, 2017 at 7:30 am EST.[1]

In July 2017, GWCCA officials removed equipment they intend to reuse either at Mercedes-Benz Stadium or elsewhere on the GWCC campus while other equipment was liquidated by sealed bids. Most of the seats in the lower and middle bowls were sold in bulk to high schools and colleges while pairs were sold to individuals; most of the upper bowl seats were recycled. From September 16 to September 30, 2017, memorabilia from the Georgia Dome was sold in an online auction format by Schneider Industries. The stadium's lower bowl and loading docks were demolished by mid-August.[24][25][9][26]

The Dome before and after the implosion

Demolition officials stated that the pressure from the implosion needed to go up from the roof and not out through the sides to ensure that Mercedes-Benz Stadium and other nearby buildings were not damaged during the demolition; to protect nearby structures, construction felt was placed over the four corners of the Dome, and a 70 foot (21 m) tall fence covered in the same material was erected between the Dome and Mercedes-Benz Stadium. To ensure that the roof fell in place during the implosion, parts of the concrete ring supporting the roof had been chipped away and ventilation holes were cut into the roof fabric.[26] 4,800 pounds (2,180 kg) of explosives were used to bring the Dome down within 12 seconds.[27]

Due to the large exclusion zone required for the demolition, no public viewing areas were made available; additionally, Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority officials announced that rail service west of the Five Points station would be suspended on the day of demolition until MARTA safety inspectors certified that the tunnels which run below the Dome site were safe for trains to operate. GWCCA officials stated that the implosion would be broadcast live by WSB-TV as well as livestreamed on the official websites of the Falcons, Atlanta United FC, and Mercedes-Benz Stadium.[28][29] Live coverage of the implosion on the Weather Channel was blocked at the last moment by a MARTA bus that stopped in front of the camera just seconds before the implosion.[30]

While the roof and its support ring were felled as planned, the eastern wall and the northwest gate of the Dome were still standing after the implosion; demolition officials initially stated that these sections would be brought down by mechanical demolition after inspecting whether or not the charges detonated.[31] Although the Dome's proximity to adjacent structures was a major concern, demolition officials stated that bringing the roof down was the biggest challenge due to its unique design. The Georgia World Congress Center and Mercedes-Benz Stadium were undamaged during the first implosion, although the new stadium did receive a heavy dusting.[31] After determining that charges in the two remaining sections did not go off, a second implosion took place on the morning of December 20 at 1:00 am EST; a window at one of the GWCC buildings was shattered during the second implosion but was quickly replaced.[32][33]

Cleanup of the Georgia Dome site is expected to be completed by February 2018 with construction of the Home Depot Backyard to follow, while the planned GWCC hotel is expected to begin construction shortly after Super Bowl LIII in February 2019.[34]

Events hosted

Football

The Dome was home to the NFL's Atlanta Falcons, the annual host (since 1998) to FCS Classic football game between Florida A&M Rattlers and another HBCU opponent (Southern Jaguars in 2011 and Tennessee State Tigers in prior years), and the annual host to the Southeastern Conference Football Championship Game and the Chick-fil-A Bowl (also known as the Peach Bowl) post-season college football games. The stadium also hosted Super Bowl XXVIII in 1994 and Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000. From the program's inception in 2010 until 2016, the stadium was home of the NCAA Division I Georgia State Panthers of Georgia State University; the university acquired the Atlanta Braves' former home of Turner Field with plans to renovate the former baseball park for football. The new incarnation of Turner Field is now known as Georgia State Stadium. From 2015 to 2016, the Dome hosted the Celebration Bowl, the annual post-season bowl match up between the MEAC and SWAC.

The Georgia Dome also annually hosted the Georgia High School Association (GHSA) football semi-finals until 2007 and hosted the football championships from 2008 to 2016.[35]

Basketball

The Georgia Dome hosted the NCAA Final Four Men's Basketball National Championship in 2002, 2007, and 2013, along with regional semi-finals and finals in 2001, 2004, 2006 and 2012 and NCAA Women's Final Four in 2003. The SEC Men's Basketball Tournament has been held at the Georgia Dome during 10 seasons, most recently in 2014. The ACC Men's Basketball Tournament has been held at the Georgia Dome on two occasions, in 2001 and 2009. The NCAA Division I Basketball's Champions Classic was held at the dome in 2012.

It was also one of two homes, along with the facility then known as Alexander Memorial Coliseum, for the NBA's Atlanta Hawks during the construction of Philips Arena from 1997 to 1999 on the footprint of the former Omni Coliseum.[36] While playing at the Georgia Dome on March 27, 1998, the Atlanta Hawks set a then-NBA single-game attendance record with 62,046 fans.

Olympics

For the 1996 Summer Olympics, one half of the arena hosted the basketball competitions (including final) while the other half hosted the artistic gymnastics events and team handball (men's final).[37][38]

Soccer

The Georgia Dome held a number of international soccer matches. On June 24, 2009, the Dome hosted its first ever soccer match between Mexico and Venezuela in front of 51,115 fans, with grass laid over the FieldTurf.[39] On February 9, 2011, Mexico and Bosnia and Herzegovina played a friendly match in front of 50,507 fans.[40][41] On July 20, 2013, the Dome hosted two quarter-final match-ups of the 2013 Gold Cup—Panama vs. Cuba and Mexico vs. Trinidad & Tobago—in front of 54,229 fans.[42]

The stadium was an official candidate venue for hosting matches as part of the United States' bid for the 2022 FIFA World Cup, but Qatar was selected to host the tournament.[43]

Date Winning Team Result Losing Team Tournament Spectators
June 24, 2009  Mexico 4–0  Venezuela International Friendly 51,115
February 9, 2011  Mexico 2–0  Bosnia and Herzegovina 50,507
July 20, 2013  Panama 6–1  Cuba 2013 Gold Cup Quarterfinals 54,229
 Mexico 1–0  Trinidad and Tobago
July 22, 2015  Jamaica 2-1  United States 2015 Gold Cup Semifinals 70,511
 Mexico 2-1  Panama

Drum Corps International

The stadium also hosted the Drum Corps International (DCI) Southeastern Championship from 2006-2016. The inaugural event featured 22 drum corps in the old fashioned Prelims/Finals one-day format. During the competition, the stadium was the first, and only indoor rain delay, when an upper deck rain gutter leaked inside the stadium. The 2006 competition was won by The Cavaliers, becoming the first of only four corps to win in the 11 years the stadium hosted the event.

From 2007-2014, the Blue Devils would win an unprecedented 8 straight victories at the annual Southeastern Championship. The win streak would be snapped in 2015 by Carolina Crown with its fan-favorite production of "Inferno"

With the announcement of the Mercedes-Benz Stadium to be opened in the summer of 2017, the 2016 tour season would be the last hurrah inside the dome. Though the 2016 season would be the last in the dome, it would prove to be a historical one at that, with the Bluecoats powering their way to the top to win the very last competition in the stadium, bringing the corps' first Southeast Championship and later on their first DCI World Championship Title.

While the 2017 show was scheduled to be in the new Mercedes-Benz Stadium, construction delays would make the venue not ready for the July 29 event, which would find a temporary home at McEachern High School in Powder Springs, Georgia. DCI aims to host the 2018 Southeastern Championship in the new stadium.

Facilities

In 2008, the Georgia Dome started showing safety videos before games, presented by Deltalina, flight attendant "mascot" of Delta Air Lines. The videos satirize Delta's massively popular "Deltalina" inflight safety videos. The videos' theme was "Delta Safety First".[44][45]

The interior of the Georgia Dome prior to the 2008 Chick-fil-A Kickoff Game

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Tucker, Tim. "Georgia Dome implosion date set". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved 12 June 2017.
  2. ^ 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
  3. ^ a b c Cable Top Football Columbia University
  4. ^ http://www.dci.org/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=33500&ATCLID=211522194
  5. ^ a b "Georgia Dome". Georgia State Athletics. Retrieved October 19, 2011.
  6. ^ 2008 SEC Men's Basketball Tournament Archived 2008-02-06 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Tucker, Tim (April 1, 2013). "Georgia Dome has a new look for Final Four". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved April 7, 2013.
  8. ^ Martin, Jill (20 November 2017). "Georgia Dome imploded after 25 years of use". CNN. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  9. ^ a b Tucker, Tim (16 September 2017). "Liquidating the Georgia Dome: Memorabilia sale underway". The Atlanta-Journal Constitution. Retrieved 10 October 2017.
  10. ^ "Georgia Dome Seating Chart" (PDF). Georgia State Athletics. Retrieved October 19, 2011.
  11. ^ http://secsports.com/index.php?s=&url_channel_id=2&url_article_id=11911&change_well_id=2 Archived December 8, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ "Chick-fil-A Peach Bowl Event Guide". www.ticketcity.com.
  13. ^ AlantaFalcons.com: Striking changes usher in new era for Dome Archived 2008-05-16 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ AlantaFalcons.com: Dome, Falcons announce new renovations Archived 2008-05-16 at the Wayback Machine
  15. ^ AlantaFalcons.com: Dome Renovations Photo Album Archived 2008-05-29 at the Wayback Machine
  16. ^ "Georgia Dome Is Damaged". 22 August 1995 – via query.nytimes.com.
  17. ^ a b "Storm hits Georgia Dome, interrupts SEC play". 23 August 2015.
  18. ^ Tornado Kills, 2 Pummels Downtown by Tim Eberly and Paul Shea for the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, March 15, 2008. Retrieved March 15, 2008.
  19. ^ "Falcons vs. Monster Trucks. Falcons win". WXIA-TV. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
  20. ^ Richards, Doug. "Last minute effort afoot to prevent Georgia Dome demolition". WXIA. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  21. ^ Tucker, Tim. "Mercedes-Benz Stadium opening is pushed back again". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved 18 April 2017.
  22. ^ Tucker, Tim (21 January 2017). "What happens to Georgia Dome after NFC title game?". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  23. ^ Stafford, Leon (21 April 2017). "Georgia Dome site to become park after demolition". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved 26 April 2017.
  24. ^ Tucker, Tim (14 February 2017). "How the Georgia Dome will be emptied and liquidated". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved 6 October 2017.
  25. ^ Tucker, Tim. "Inside the Georgia Dome: a shell of its former self". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  26. ^ a b Gehlbach, Steve. "Georgia Dome implosion set for Nov. 20". WSB-TV. Retrieved 24 October 2017.
  27. ^ Choi, Sophia. "4,800 pounds of explosives ready to bring down Georgia Dome". WSB-TV. Retrieved 16 November 2017.
  28. ^ Tucker, Tim. "TV plan set for Georgia Dome implosion; no public viewing area". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. No. 31 October 2017. Retrieved 6 November 2017.
  29. ^ "MARTA: November 20th Dome Implosion". Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority. Retrieved 17 November 2017.
  30. ^ Georgia Dome: Bus drives in front of camera filming huge stadium demolition, ruining everything, ABC News Online/Reuters, 2017-11-21
  31. ^ a b Tucker, Tim (20 November 2017). "Georgia Dome crumbles -- well, most of it". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  32. ^ "Second implosion scheduled to bring down remainder of Georgia Dome". myajc. Retrieved 2017-12-14.
  33. ^ Burns, Steve. "Take 2: Georgia Dome — the rest of it — comes down". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
  34. ^ Corona, Wendy; Gehlbach, Steve. "Goodbye Georgia Dome: Final round of demolition now complete". WSB-TV. Retrieved 21 December 2017.
  35. ^ Georgia High School Association Constitution and By-Laws 2008–2009, pg. 70 Archived 2008-08-28 at the Wayback Machine
  36. ^ The Palm Beach Post, Gators view Georgia Dome as someplace like home
  37. ^ 1996 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 1. p. 540.
  38. ^ 1996 Summer Olympics official report. Volume 3. pp. 451, 456.
  39. ^ Georgia Dome converting to grass….for soccer
  40. ^ Mexico will play a soccer match at Georgia Dome Atlanta Journal-Constitution
  41. ^ "Bosnia vs. Mexico Ends with Mexico Win". CBS News. February 9, 2011.
  42. ^ FOXXoccerTrax, "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-12-13. Retrieved 2013-09-15. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  43. ^ United States Soccer Federation (April 23, 2009). "The Official Site of U.S. Soccer – Federation Services". Archived from the original on April 26, 2009. Retrieved May 9, 2009. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  44. ^ "DELTALINA WAGS HER FINGER AT THE DOME", "Peach Buzz", Access Atlanta (Atlanta Journal-Constitution), September 24, 2008 Archived January 17, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
  45. ^ "Delta, Official Airline of the Atlanta Falcons", Delta Air Lines, September 26, 2008 Archived March 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Georgia Dome.
Events and tenants
Preceded by Home of the
Atlanta Falcons
1992 – 2017 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Home of the
Atlanta Hawks
1997 – 1999 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
First stadium
 Home of the
Georgia State Panthers football team
2010 – 2016 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Home of the
SEC Championship Game
1994 – 2016 		Succeeded by
Mercedes-Benz Stadium
Preceded by Home of the
Chick-Fil-A Peach Bowl
1993 – 2016 		Succeeded by
Mercedes-Benz Stadium
Preceded by Home of the
Sugar Bowl
2006 		Succeeded by
Louisiana Superdome
Preceded by NCAA Men's Division I
Basketball Tournament
Finals Venue
2002
2007
2013 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Host of the Super Bowl
XXVIII 1994
XXXIV 2000 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Host of WrestleMania XXVII
2011 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Host of NFC Championship Game
2013
2017 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Host of FIRST Robotics World Championship
2004–2010 		Succeeded by
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