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List of diplomatic missions of Taiwan

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Map of countries and territories with current and former Taiwanese diplomatic missions
  Republic of China (Taiwan)
  Has formal embassy and possibly consulate
  Has unofficial representative missions
  Accredited to an office located in another country
  Unaccredited, formerly had official mission(s)
  Unaccredited, formerly had unofficial mission(s)

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China, has 112 diplomatic missions across the world as of December 2021.[a] Due to the One-China policy, countries are only allowed to maintain relations with either Taiwan or the mainland-based People's Republic of China.[6] As most countries have changed their recognition to the latter over time, only 16 of Taiwan's diplomatic missions have official status, consisting of fourteen embassies and two consulate-generals.[2] This makes Taiwan one of the few countries in the world that has resident embassies in all of the states with which it has formal diplomatic relations.[7]

Despite these barriers, 58 United Nations members maintain relations with Taiwan on an unofficial basis.[7] In addition, Taiwan has informal relations with Somaliland, a state that is not internationally recognized by any other country, including China.[8][9] To serve these locations and other places throughout the world, 92 semi-official representative offices are utilized for matters that would otherwise be handled by embassies or consulates. Their heads are still appointed by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, making them de facto missions.[10] Owing to pressure from China, most of these offices cannot operate under either the country's official or common name, using the name of the capital Taipei instead to avoid addressing Taiwan's political status. This policy has shifted in recent years, with the offices in Somaliland (opened 2020) and Lithuania (2021) using "Taiwan" in their names.[10][11][4] Taiwan also maintains permanent missions to the European Union and the World Trade Organization, with the latter under the name "Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kimmen and Matsu".[12]

Taiwan has also established informal representation in China's two Special Administrative Regions. In Hong Kong, the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Hong Kong provides services similar to a consulate,[13][14] while relations to Macau are handled by the Taipei Economic and Cultural Office in Macau.[15] In addition, under a mechanism established in 2010, the Taiwanese government is directly represented in negotiations with its Hong Kong counterpart by the Taiwan–Hong Kong Economic and Cultural Co-operation Council (ECCC), with the latter operating a similar office in reciprocation.[16] Taiwan also maintains unofficial diplomatic exchanges with China using the Straits Exchange Foundation, but the organization does not have a physical presence in the mainland as of 2020.[17]

Diplomatic missions

Active

Key
† Countries that have official diplomatic relations with the Republic of China/Taiwan[7]
List of operating diplomatic missions to individual countries as of 2021[18][19][20]
Country Region City Mission Opened Notes Ref(s)
 Argentina Americas Buenos Aires Embassy (de facto) 1972 [21]
Australia Oceania Canberra Embassy (de facto) 1988 [22]
Brisbane Consulate (de facto) [zh] 2005 [23]
Melbourne Consulate (de facto) [zh] 1979 [22]
Sydney Consulate (de facto) [zh] 1979 [22]
 Austria Europe Vienna Embassy (de facto) 1972
Also serves:
 [24][25]
 Bahrain Asia Manama Embassy (de facto) [zh] 1977 [26]
 Belgium Europe Brussels Embassy (de facto) 1976 Also direct representative to the  European Union[b]
Also serves:
 [24]
Belize† Americas Belize City Embassy [zh] 1989 [27]
Brazil Americas Brasília Embassy (de facto) 1992 [28]
São Paulo Consulate (de facto) [zh] 1975 [28]
 Brunei Asia Bandar Seri Begawan Embassy (de facto) [zh] 1978 Closed between 2006 and 2007 [29]
Canada Americas Ottawa Embassy (de facto) 1993 Split from Toronto office [30]
Toronto Consulate (de facto) [zh] 1991 Split to Ottawa office, which became main office [30]
Vancouver Consulate (de facto) [zh] 1991 [31]
Chile Americas Santiago Embassy (de facto) [zh] 1975 [32]
China Asia Hong Kong Consulate (de facto) 1966 [33][14]
 Macau Consulate (de facto)
 Colombia Americas Bogotá Embassy (de facto) 1969 Succeeded embassy [34]
Czech Republic Europe Prague Embassy (de facto) 1991 Initially served  Czechoslovakia [35]
Denmark Europe Copenhagen Embassy (de facto) 1973 [36]
 Ecuador Americas Quito Embassy (de facto) [zh] 1977 [37]
Eswatini† Africa Mbabane Embassy 1968 Also serves  Mozambique [38]
 Fiji Oceania Suva Embassy (de facto) [zh] 1971
Also serves:
 [39]
 Finland Europe Helsinki Embassy (de facto) 1990 [35]
 France Europe Paris Embassy (de facto) 1972
Also serves:
 [24]
Aix-en-Provence Consulate (de facto) [zh] 2020 [40]
 Germany Europe Berlin Embassy (de facto) 1981 [35]
Frankfurt Consulate (de facto) [zh] 1980 [24]
Hamburg Consulate (de facto) [zh]
Munich Consulate (de facto) [zh] 1988 [35]
 Greece Europe Athens Embassy (de facto) 1973
Also serves:
 [41][42]
 Guatemala† Americas Guatemala City Embassy [ja] 1935 Initially consulate, promoted to legation in 1954 and embassy in 1960
Also serves Dominican Republic 		[43]
Haiti† Americas Port-au-Prince Embassy [ja] 1960 Initially legation, promoted to embassy in 1965 [44]
Holy See† Europe Rome[d] Embassy 1943 Started as legation, promoted to embassy in 1959 [45]
 Honduras† Americas Tegucigalpa Embassy [ja] 1957 Started as legation, promoted to consulate in 1962, then embassy in 1965 [46]
San Pedro Sula Consulate-general [ja] 1997 [47]
 Hungary Europe Budapest Embassy (de facto) [zh] 1990
Also serves:
 [35]
India Asia New Delhi Embassy (de facto) 1995
Also serves:
 [48]
Chennai Consulate (de facto) 2012
Also serves:
 [49]
Indonesia Asia Jakarta Embassy (de facto) 1971 Also serves  Timor-Leste [50]
Surabaya Consulate (de facto) [zh] 2015 [51]
 Ireland Europe Dublin Embassy (de facto) 1988 [35]
 Israel Asia Tel Aviv Embassy (de facto) 1993 [52]
Italy Europe Rome Embassy (de facto) [zh] 1990 [53]
Japan Asia Tokyo Embassy (de facto) 1972 [54]
Fukuoka Consulate (de facto) [ja] 1972 [54]
Naha Consulate (de facto) [ja] 1958 Operated by a separate organization until 2006 due to the Senkaku Islands dispute [55][56]
Osaka Consulate (de facto) [ja] 1972 [54]
Sapporo Consulate (de facto) [ja] 2009 [57]
Yokohama Consulate (de facto) [ja] 1972 [54]
 Jordan Asia Amman Embassy (de facto) [zh] 1977
Also serves:
 [58]
South Korea Asia Seoul Embassy (de facto) 1993 [59]
Busan Consulate (de facto) [ko] 2004 [59]
 Kuwait Asia Kuwait City Embassy (de facto) 1986 [60]
Latvia Europe Riga Embassy (de facto) 1997 Also serves  Estonia [61][62]
Lithuania Europe Vilnius Embassy (de facto) 2021 [4]
Malaysia Asia Kuala Lumpur Embassy (de facto) 1974 [50]
 Marshall Islands† Oceania Majuro Embassy [zh] 1998 Also serves  Federated States of Micronesia [63]
Mexico Americas Mexico City Embassy (de facto) 1989 [64]
Mongolia Asia Ulaanbaatar Embassy (de facto) 2002 [65]
Myanmar Asia Yangon Embassy (de facto) 2016 [66]
 Nauru† Oceania Aiwo Embassy [ja] 1980 Initially consulate-general, promoted to embassy in 1990
Closed during suspension of relations from 2002 to 2005 		[67]
 Netherlands Europe The Hague Embassy (de facto) 1979 [24]
 New Zealand Oceania Wellington Embassy (de facto) 1991 Also serves  Niue [68]
Auckland Consulate (de facto) [zh] 1973 [69]
 Nigeria Africa Lagos[e] Embassy (de facto) 1991
Also serves:
 [70]
 Oman Asia Muscat Embassy (de facto) [zh] 1977 [71]
 Palau† Oceania Koror Embassy [ja] 1999 [72]
 Papua New Guinea Oceania Port Moresby Embassy (de facto) [zh] 1990 Also serves  Solomon Islands [73]
Paraguay† Americas Asunción Embassy [ja] 1959 [74]
Ciudad del Este Consulate-general [ja] 1988 [74]
 Peru Americas Lima Embassy (de facto) [zh] 1978 [75]
Philippines Asia Manila Embassy (de facto) 1975 [50]
Poland Europe Warsaw Embassy (de facto) 1992 [35]
 Portugal Europe Lisbon Embassy (de facto) 1992
Also serves:
 [35]
Russia Europe Moscow Embassy (de facto) 1993
Also serves:
 [76]
 Saint Kitts and Nevis† Americas Basseterre Embassy 1984
Also serves:
 [77]
 Saint Lucia† Americas Gros Islet Embassy 2007 [78]
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines† Americas Kingstown Embassy 1983
Also serves:
 [79]
Saudi Arabia Asia Riyadh Embassy (de facto) 1990
Also serves:
 [80]
Singapore Asia Singapore Embassy (de facto) 1969 Also serves  North Korea [50]
 Slovakia Europe Bratislava Embassy (de facto) 2003 [81]
Somaliland Africa Hargeisa Embassy (de facto) 2020 [3]
South Africa Africa Pretoria Embassy (de facto) 1998
Also serves:
 [82]
Cape Town Consulate (de facto) 1998 Also serves  Namibia [82]
Spain Europe Madrid Embassy (de facto) 1973 [24]
 Sweden Europe Stockholm Embassy (de facto) 1981 [24]
 Switzerland Europe Bern Embassy (de facto) [zh] 1994 Moved from Lausanne office [83]
Geneva Consulate (de facto) [zh] 1997 [83]
 Thailand Asia Bangkok Embassy (de facto) 1980 [50]
Turkey Asia Ankara Embassy (de facto) 1989
Also serves:
 [84]
 Tuvalu† Oceania Funafuti Embassy [ja] 1998 [67]
 United Arab Emirates Asia Dubai Consulate (de facto) 1979 Also serves  Iran [85]
United Kingdom Europe London Embassy (de facto) 1974 [24]
Edinburgh Consulate (de facto) [zh] 1998 [86]
United States Americas Washington, D.C. Embassy (de facto) 1979 [87]
Atlanta Consulate (de facto) [zh]
Boston Consulate (de facto) 1982 [88]
Chicago Consulate (de facto) [zh] 1979 [89]
Denver Consulate (de facto) [zh] 2015 Moved from Kansas City office that was originally opened in 1985 [90]
Hagåtña,  Guam Consulate (de facto) [zh] 1991 Closed in 2017, reopened 2020
Also serves:  Northern Mariana Islands 		[91]
Honolulu Consulate (de facto) 1979 Also serves  American Samoa [92]
Houston Consulate (de facto)
Los Angeles Consulate (de facto)
Miami Consulate (de facto) 1988
Also serves:
 [93][94]
New York City Consulate (de facto) [zh]
San Francisco Consulate (de facto)
Seattle Consulate (de facto) [zh]
Vietnam Asia Hanoi Embassy (de facto) 1992 Also serves  Laos [95]
Ho Chi Minh City Consulate (de facto) 1992 Also serves  Cambodia [95]

Multilateral organizations

List of operating diplomatic missions to multilateral organizations as of 2021
Organization City Mission Opened Notes Ref(s)
European Union Brussels Representative office 2001 Also direct representative to  Belgium[b]
Also serves:
 [96]
 World Trade Organization Geneva Permanent mission 2002 [97]

Former

Key
Closed due to loss of official relations Mission closed due to withdrawal of official diplomatic recognition
Closed due to loss of official relations, successor unofficial office still operating Same as above, but an unofficial office was set up to succeed it that is still in operation
List of defunct diplomatic missions as of 2021
Country Region City Mission Opened Closed Notes Ref(s)
Bangladesh Asia Dhaka Embassy (de facto) 2004 2009 Reassigned to representative office in India [48][98]
 Belarus Europe Minsk Embassy (de facto) 1996 2006 Reassigned to representative office in Russia [99][100]
 Benin Africa Cotonou EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 1965 [101]
 Bolivia Americas La Paz Embassy (de facto) 1990 2009 [102] [103]
 Botswana Africa Gaborone EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 1974 [104]
Burkina Faso Africa Ouagadougou EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 2018 [105]
 Cambodia Asia Phnom Penh "Military mission" 1972 1975 [106]
Embassy (de facto) 1994 1997 [107][108]
 Central African Republic Africa Bangui EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 1964 [109]
 Colombia Americas Bogotá EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations, successor unofficial office still operating 1947 1980 Initially legation, promoted to embassy in 1961 [34]
Barranquilla Consulate-generalClosed due to loss of official relations 1972 1980 Initially consulate, promoted to consulate-general in 1979 [34]
Consulate (de facto) 1980 1991 [34]
 Costa Rica Americas San José EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 2007 [110]
 Dominica Americas Roseau EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 2004 [111]
Dominican Republic Americas Santo Domingo EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 2018 [112]
 Ecuador Americas Guayaquil Consulate (de facto) 1974 1998 [37]
 El Salvador Americas San Salvador EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 2018 [113]
 Gabon Africa Libreville EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 1974 [114]
Gambia Africa Banjul EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 1974 [115]
1996 2013 [116][117]
 Greece Europe Athens EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations, successor unofficial office still operating 1929 1972 Started as legation, promoted to embassy in 1947 [41]
Japan Asia Taihoku Consulate-General[g] 1930 1945 [118]
 Kiribati Oceania Bairiki EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 2004 2019 [119][120]
Latvia Europe Riga Consulate-general[h] 1992 1994 [121]
 Liberia Africa Monrovia EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 1957 2003 Started as legation, promoted to embassy in 1960 [122][123][124]
 Libya Africa Tripoli Embassy (de facto) 1980 1997 [125]
2008 2011 Closed due to the First Libyan Civil War [126][127]
 Luxembourg Europe Luxembourg Embassy (de facto) 1975 2002 Reassigned to representative mission in Belgium/EU [24][128]
 North Macedonia Europe Skopje EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations[i] 1999 2001 [129][130]
 Macau Asia Macau Embassy (de facto) 1945 1966 Special commissariat [131][132]
 Madagascar Africa Antananarivo EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 1960 1972 Formerly a consulate-general before Madagascar's independence [133]
Malawi Africa Lilongwe EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 2008 [134]
 Malaysia Asia Kuala Lumpur Consulate-generalClosed due to loss of official relations, successor unofficial office still operating 1964 1974 Started as consulate, promoted to consulate-general in 1969. Succeeded by unofficial representative office [135] [136] [137] [138]
 Nicaragua Americas Managua Embassy Closed due to loss of official relations 1930 2021 Originally consulate-general, promoted to legation in 1955 and then embassy in 1965, closed due to breaking off of relations in 1985-1990 and since 2021. [139][140]
 Niger Africa Niamey EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 1974 [141]
 Nigeria Africa Abuja Embassy (de facto) 2001 2018 Ultimately temporary relocation of Lagos office [142][143]
 Norway Europe Oslo Embassy (de facto) 1980 2017 Reassigned to representative mission in Sweden [24][144]
 Panama Americas Panama City EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 2017 [145]
Colón Consulate-general 2009 [146]
 Rwanda Africa Kigali EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 1972 [147]
 Peru Americas Lima EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations, successor unofficial office still operating 1911 1971 Continuation of Qing embassy opened in 1875 [148]
 Saudi Arabia Asia Jeddah Consulate (de facto) 2017 Reassigned to main office in Riyadh [144]
São Tomé and Príncipe Africa São Tomé EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 2016 [149]
 Solomon Islands Oceania Honiara EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 2019 [150]
South Africa Africa Pretoria EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 1976 1998 Succeeded by unofficial representative office [151][82]
Johannesburg ConsulateClosed due to loss of official relations 1912 1998 Continuation of a Qing-era consulate, succeeded by unofficial representative office [151][82]
Consulate (de facto) 1998 2009 [82][146]
Cape Town ConsulateClosed due to loss of official relations, successor unofficial office still operating 1973 1998 [152][82]
 Senegal Africa Dakar EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 1964 [153]
 Switzerland Europe Zurich Embassy (de facto) 1973 2007 Merged with Bern office [83]
Lausanne Consulate (de facto) 1979 1994 Moved to Bern [83]
 Togo Africa Lomé EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 1972 [154]
 Tonga Oceania Nukuʻalofa EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations 1998 [155]
 Uruguay Americas Montevideo Embassy 1957 1988 [156]
Embassy (de facto) 1992 2002 Closure in 2002 intended to be temporary, no record since
Reassigned to representative mission in Argentina 		[156][157]
United States Americas Washington, D.C. EmbassyClosed due to loss of official relations, successor unofficial office still operating 1912 1978 Continuation of Qing legation, promoted to embassy in 1935 [158][159][160]
Chicago ConsulateClosed due to loss of official relations, successor unofficial office still operating 1930 1979 [89]
Kansas City Consulate 1974 1978 [161][162]
Consulate (de facto) 1985 2015 Moved to Denver [90]
Venezuela Americas Caracas Embassy (de facto) 1974 2009 [163]

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ^ This figure includes 107 diplomatic posts and permanent missions, official and unofficial, outside the People's Republic of China as of November 2019,[1][2] three representative offices opened in 2020,[3] another opened as well as one closed in 2021,[4][5] and two missions in Hong Kong and Macau. The Taipei Representative Office in the EU and Belgium is counted as one mission.
  2. ^ a b Although the office in Brussels was opened in 1976, it initially served only Belgium and did not start serving the European Union as an organization until 2001.
  3. ^ a b Libya is served by both the French and Jordanian representative offices.
  4. ^ Located outside Vatican territory in Rome, Italy, a country in which Taiwan is not recognized.
  5. ^ Previously located in Abuja from 2001 to 2018.
  6. ^ a b Liberia is served by both the Nigerian and South African representative offices.
  7. ^ In 1930, the Nationalist government opened the consulate-general in Taihoku (Taipei), when Taiwan was under Japanese rule until it was closed in 1945 after the end of the war. It was succeeded by an unofficial representative office that is still operating.
  8. ^ Although Latvia did not establish relations with Taiwan, it allowed the consulate to function as an official diplomatic office. It was succeeded by an unofficial representative office that is still operating.
  9. ^ Although embassies were established by each country, relations only went up to ministerial level, and the Taiwanese embassy was staffed with a chargé d'affaires.

References

Citations

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  4. ^ a b c Agencies (19 November 2021). "China condemns opening of Taiwan office in Lithuania as 'egregious act'". the Guardian. Retrieved 22 November 2021.
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  35. ^ a b c d e f g h Brødsgaard 2001, p. 282.
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  37. ^ a b MOFA 2018, p. 374.
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General bibliography

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