List of titles and honours of Elizabeth II
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Queen Elizabeth II (born 21 April 1926) has held numerous titles and honours, both during and before her time as monarch of each of her Commonwealth realms. Each is listed below; where two dates are shown, the first indicates the date of receiving the title or award (the title as Princess Elizabeth of York being given as from her birth), and the second indicates the date of its loss or renunciation.
Royal titles and styles
Styles of Queen Elizabeth II | |
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Reference style | Her Majesty |
Spoken style | Your Majesty |
Alternative style | Ma'am |
- 21 April 1926 – 11 December 1936: Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth of York
- 11 December 1936 – 20 November 1947: Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth
- 20 November 1947 – 6 February 1952: Her Royal Highness The Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh
- 6 February 1952 – present: Her Majesty The Queen
Upon Elizabeth's accession to the throne, she was asked by her Private Secretary what her regnal name would be, to which the Queen responded, "My own, of course—what else?"[1] Until 1953, her official style was by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Queen, Defender of the Faith.[2] She was proclaimed as queen using that title in Canada and South Africa,[3][4] whereas, in Australia,[5] New Zealand, and the United Kingdom,[6] she was proclaimed as Queen Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of this Realm and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.
A decision was reached by Elizabeth's prime ministers at the Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference of 1952, whereby the Queen would accord herself different styles and titles in each of her realms, reflecting that in each state she acted as monarch of that particular country,[7] regardless of her other roles. Canada's preferred format was: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Canada and of Her other realms and territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith.[8] However, as Australian ministers wished to have the United Kingdom mentioned in all the Queen's titles,[9] the resolution reached was a designation that included the United Kingdom as well as, for the first time, separate reference to the other Commonwealth realms. Thereafter, separate but parallel royal styles and titles acts were passed in each of the Commonwealth realms, granting Elizabeth a distinct but similarly constituted title in each state,[7] meaning that when Elizabeth was crowned in the same year, she held seven separate titles.
With further evolution of the Commonwealth since that time, Elizabeth now holds 16 different regnal titles, one for each of the current Commonwealth realms. In all realms other than Canada and Grenada, the reference to the United Kingdom has been removed; Australia doing so in 1973,[10] in contrast to the Australian government's position 20 years earlier. Traditionally, the Queen's titles are listed in the order in which the realms other than the United Kingdom (the original realm) first became Dominions—namely, Canada (1867), Australia (1901), and New Zealand (1907)—followed by the rest in the order in which the former colony became an independent realm: Jamaica (1962), Barbados (1966), the Bahamas (1973), Grenada (1974), Papua New Guinea (1975), the Solomon Islands (1978), Tuvalu (1978), Saint Lucia (1979), Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (1979), Antigua and Barbuda (1981), Belize (1981), and Saint Kitts and Nevis (1983).
Though the situation was the same in every one of the Queen's realms beyond the United Kingdom, only within Scotland did the title Elizabeth II cause controversy as there had never been an Elizabeth I in Scotland. In an act of sabotage, new Royal Mail post boxes in Scotland, bearing the royal cypher EIIR, were vandalised, after which, to avoid further problems, post boxes and Royal Mail vehicles in Scotland bore only the Crown of Scotland. A legal case, MacCormick v. Lord Advocate (1953 SC 396), was taken to contest the right of the Queen to title herself Elizabeth II within Scotland, arguing that to do so would be a breach of the Act of Union. The case, however, was lost on the grounds that the pursuers had not title to sue the Crown and the numbering of monarchs was part of the Royal Prerogative, and thus not governed by the Act of Union. It was suggested by Winston Churchill that future British monarchs should be numbered according to either their English or Scottish predecessors, whichever number is higher.[11]
Less publicised controversies included the argument that the monarch was addressed as Your Grace in the pre-union Kingdom of Scotland (the monarchs of Renaissance England had been called both "Your Grace" and "Your Majesty"[12]) and that the preferred title had been King/Queen of Scots rather than of Scotland. At the opening of the Scottish Parliament in 1999, Lord Steel, MSP, the Presiding Officer, referred to Elizabeth II as "not only the Queen of the United Kingdom but seated as you are among us in the historic and constitutionally correct manner as Queen of Scots." In 2002 Winnie Ewing, president of the Scottish National Party wrote to the Queen asking her to adopt the title "Elizabeth I" in Scotland.[13]
Current
Americas
Antigua and Barbuda
- 1982 – : Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Antigua and Barbuda and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
The Bahamas
- 1973 – : Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Barbados
- 1966 – : Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Barbados and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Belize
- 1981 – : Her Majesty Elizabeth The Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Belize and of Her Other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Canada
- 6 February 1952 – 29 May 1953: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith
- 29 May 1953 – :
- In English: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom, Canada and Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[14][N 1]
- In French: [Sa Majesté Elizabeth Deux, par la grâce de Dieu Reine du Royaume-Uni, du Canada et de ses autres royaumes et territoires, Chef du Commonwealth, Défenseur de la Foi] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help)[16][N 2]
Grenada
- 1974 – : Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Grenada and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Jamaica
- 1962 – : Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Jamaica and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Saint Kitts and Nevis
- 1983 – : Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Saint Christopher and Nevis and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Saint Lucia
- 1979 – : Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Saint Lucia and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
- 1979 – : Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Europe
United Kingdom
- 6 February 1952 – 26 March 1953
- In English: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith
- In Latin: Elizabeth II, Dei Gratia Magnae Britanniae, Hiberniae et terrarum transmarinarum quae in ditione sunt Britannica Regina, Fidei Defensor
- 26 March 1953 – :
- In English: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[17][2]
- In Latin: Elizabeth II, Dei Gratia Britanniarum Regnorumque Suorum Ceterorum Regina, Consortionis Populorum Princeps, Fidei Defensor[18]
Oceania
Australia
- 6 February 1952 – 1953: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith
- 1953 – 1973: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God of the United Kingdom, Australia and Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[N 3][20]
- 1973 – : Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Australia and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
- 6 February 1952 – 1953: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas Queen, Defender of the Faith
- 1953 – 1974: Her Majesty Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Her Other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith
- 1974 – : Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of New Zealand and Her Other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith
Papua New Guinea
- 1975 – : Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God Queen of Papua New Guinea and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth[21]
Solomon Islands
- 1978 – : Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Solomon Islands and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Tuvalu
- 1978 – : Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Tuvalu and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Former
Africa
Ghana
- 1957 – 1960: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Ghana and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Nigeria
- 1960 – 1963: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Nigeria and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Sierra Leone
- 1961 – 1971: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Sierra Leone and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Tanganyika[N 4]
- 1961 – 1962: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Tanganyika and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Uganda
- 1962 – 1963: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Uganda and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Kenya
- 1963 – 1964: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Kenya and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
- 1964 – 1966: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Malawi and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Mauritius
- 1968 – 1992: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Mauritius and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
- 1953 – 1961: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, Queen of South Africa and Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Gambia
- 1965 – 1970: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, Queen of The Gambia and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Americas
Trinidad and Tobago
- 1962 – 1976: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Trinidad and Tobago and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Guyana
- 1966 – 1970: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Guyana and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Asia
Pakistan
- 1953 – 1956: Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and Territories Queen, Head of the Commonwealth, Defender of the Faith[22]
Ceylon[N 6]
- 1953 – 1972: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Ceylon and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Europe
Malta
- 1964 – 1974: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Malta and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Oceania
Fiji
- 1970 – 1987: Her Majesty Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God, Queen of Fiji and of Her other Realms and Territories, Head of the Commonwealth
Unofficial
Americas
- 1959 – : Mother of all People[23]
Jamaica
- 1952 – :In Jamaican Patois: Missis Queen or The Queen Lady[24][25][26]
Europe
Guernsey
- 6 February 1952 – : Duke of Normandy
Isle of Man
- 6 February 1952 – : Lord of Mann
Jersey
- 6 February 1952 – : Duke of Normandy
Oceania
Fiji
- 1998 – :
- In Fijian: Tui Viti or Vunivalu[27]
- In English: Queen or paramount chief of Fiji
New Zealand
- 1952 – :
Military ranks
Canada
- 6 February 1952 – 1 February 1968: Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Canadian Navy
- 6 February 1952 – 1 February 1968: Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Army
- 6 February 1952 – 1 February 1968: Commander-in-Chief of the Royal Canadian Air Force
- 1 February 1968 – : Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Forces
- 1990 – : Head of the New Zealand Defence Force
United Kingdom
- 1945 – 27 July 1945: Second Subaltern, Auxiliary Territorial Service
- 27 July 1945 – 1 February 1949: Junior Commander, Auxiliary Territorial Service
- 1 February 1949 – March 1950: Junior Commander, Women's Royal Army Corps
- March 1950 – 6 February 1952: Captain, Women's Royal Army Corps
- 6 February 1952 – : Commander-in-Chief of the British Armed Forces
- 1964 – 10 June 2011: Lord High Admiral of the Royal Navy
Commonwealth of Nations honours
Commonwealth realms
- Appointments
- Decorations and medals
Country | Date | Decoration | Post-nominal letters |
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1935 | King George V Silver Jubilee Medal | |
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1937 | King George VI Coronation Medal | |
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1945 | Defence Medal | |
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1945 | War Medal 1939–1945 | |
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1951 | Canadian Forces Decoration and five bars | CD |
Other Commonwealth countries
- Appointments
- Decorations and medals
Country | Date | Decoration | Post-nominal letters |
---|---|---|---|
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1985 | Dominica Award of Honour[2] | DAH |
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1985 | Trinity Cross Medal in Gold[2] | TC |
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1992 | Sultan of Brunei Silver Jubilee Medal[2] |
Foreign honours
- Appointments
- Decorations
Country | Date | Decoration | Post-nominal letters |
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1961 | Mahendra Chain[2] | |
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1964 | Chain of Honour[2] | |
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1974 | Star of Indonesia, First Class[2] | |
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1979 | Badr Chain | |
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1979 | Collar of the Independence[2] | |
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1989 | Collar of the Federation[2] |
Honorary military positions
1953 – : Captain-General of the Royal Regiment of Australian Artillery[61]
1953 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Australian Engineers[61]
1953 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Australian Infantry Corps[61]
1953 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Australian Army Ordnance Corps[61]
1953 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Australian Army Nursing Corps[61]
1953 – : Air-Commodore-in-Chief of the Australian Citizen Air Force
1947 – : Colonel-in-Chief of le Régiment de la Chaudière[61]
1947 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the 48th Highlanders of Canada[61]
1950 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders of Canada (Princess Louise's)[61]
1952 – : Captain-General of the Royal Regiment of Canadian Artillery[61]
1953 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Governor General's Horse Guards[61]
1953 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the King's Own Calgary Regiment[61]
1953 – 1967: Colonel-in-Chief Corps of Royal Canadian Engineers
1953 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal 22e Régiment[61]
1953 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Governor General's Foot Guards[61]
1953 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Canadian Grenadier Guards[61]
1953 – 1956: Colonel-in-Chief of the Carleton and York Regiment
1953 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Canadian Guards
1956 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal New Brunswick Regiment[61]
1958 – 1968: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Canadian Ordnance Corps[61]
1977 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Military Engineers Branch[61]
1981 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Calgary Highlanders[61]
1953 – 1968: Air-Commodore-in-Chief of the Air Reserve Canada
- 1953 – 2012: Honorary Commissioner of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police
- 2012 – : Commissioner-in-Chief of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police[62]
1970 – 1987: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Fiji Military Forces
1959 – 1960: Colonel-in-Chief of the Ghana Regiment of Infantry
1953 – : Captain-General of the Royal Regiment of New Zealand Artillery[61]
1953 – : Captain-General of the Royal New Zealand Armoured Corps[61]
1953 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Corps of Royal New Zealand Engineers[61]
1953 – 1964: Colonel-in-Chief of the Countess of Ranfurly's Own Auckland Regiment
1953 – 1964: Colonel-in-Chief of the Wellington Regiment
1964 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal New Zealand Infantry Regiment[61]
1977 – 1996: Colonel-in-Chief Royal of the New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps
1953 – : Air-Commodore-in-Chief of the Territorial Air Force of New Zealand
1947 – 1961: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Durban Light Infantry
1947 – 1961: Colonel-in-Chief of the South African Railways and Harbours Brigade
1952 – 1961: Colonel-in-Chief of the Imperial Light Horse
1953 – 1961: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Natal Carbineers
1953 – 1961: Colonel-in-Chief of the Kaffrarian Rifles
1942 – 1952: Colonel of the Grenadier Guards[63]
1947 – 2006: Colonel-in-Chief of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (Princess Louise's)
1947 – 1994: Colonel-in-Chief of the 16th/5th Queen's Royal Lancers
1949 – : Honorary Brigadier of the Women's Royal Army Corps
1952 – : Colonel-in-Chief of The Life Guards[61]
1952 – 1969: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Horse Guards
1952 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Grenadier Guards[61]
1952 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Coldstream Guards[61]
1952 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Scots Guards[61]
1952 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Irish Guards[61]
1952 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Welsh Guards[61]
1952 – : Captain-General of the Royal Regiment of Artillery[61]
1952 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Corps of Royal Engineers[61]
1952 – : Captain-General of the Honourable Artillery Company[61]
1953 – 1971: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Scots Greys
1953 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Tank Regiment[61]
1953 – 2006: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Welch Fusiliers[61]
1953 – 1970: Colonel-in-Chief of the Loyal Regiment
1953 – 1966: Colonel-in-Chief of the King's Royal Rifle Corps
1953 – 1956: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Army Ordnance Corps
1953 – 1956: Honorary Colonel of the Queen's Own Worcestershire Hussars
1953 – : Captain-General of the Combined Cadet Force[61]
1953 – 1959: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal West African Frontier Force
1953 – 1964: Colonel-in-Chief of the King's African Rifles
1953 – 1964: Colonel-in-Chief of the Northern Rhodesia Regiment
1953 – 1974: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Malta Artillery
1953 – 1972: Colonel-in-Chief of the King's Own Malta Regiment
1953 – 1970: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Rhodesia Regiment
1953 – 1992: Colonel-in-Chief of the Duke of Lancaster's Own Yeomanry[64]
1956 – 1963: Colonel-in-Chief of the Queen's Own Nigeria Regiment
1956 – : Honorary Colonel of the Queen's Own Warwickshire and Worcestershire Yeomanry
1959 – 1963: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Nigerian Military Forces
1959 – 1971: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Sierra Leone Military Forces
1964 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Malawi Rifles[61]
1966 – 2007: Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Green Jackets
1969 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Blues and Royals (Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons)[61]
1970 – 2006: Colonel-in-Chief of the Queen's Lancashire Regiment
1971 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Scots Dragoon Guards[61]
1971 – 1999: Colonel-in-Chief of the Queen's Own Yeomanry
1973 – 1992: Colonel-in-Chief of the Queen's Own Mercian Yeomanry
1977 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Corps of Royal Military Police
1992 – : Patron of the Royal Army Chaplains' Department
1992 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Adjutant General's Corps[61]
1993 – : Affiliated Colonel-in-Chief of the Queen's Gurkha Engineers
1993 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Queen's Royal Lancers[61]
1994 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Mercian and Lancastrian Yeomanry[61]
2006 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Welsh[61]
2006 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Royal Regiment of Scotland[61]
2006 – : Colonel-in-Chief of the Duke of Lancaster's Regiment[61]
2006 – : Royal Colonel of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders, 5th Battalion, The Royal Regiment of Scotland[61]
1953 – : Air-Commodore-in-Chief of the Royal Auxiliary Air Force
1953 – : Air-Commodore-in-Chief of the Royal Air Force Regiment
1953 – : Air-Commodore-in-Chief of the Royal Observer Corps
1953 – : Commandant-in-Chief of the Royal Air Force College, Cranwell
1977 – : Royal Honorary Air Commodore of the Royal Air Force Marham
2000 – : Royal Honorary Air Commodore of the 603 (City of Edinburgh) Squadron
Non-national titles and honours
Freedom of the City
- Commonwealth realms
1947: Royal Borough of Windsor and Maidenhead
1948: Royal Burgh of Stirling
1948: London
1948: Cardiff
1949: Edinburgh
1949: Belfast
- Foreign
1976: Philadelphia[65]
1983: Long Beach, California[66]
Member and fellowships
Country | Date | Organisation | Position |
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1947 – 1952 | Royal Society | Fellow (FRS) |
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1947 – | Worshipful Company of Drapers | Freeman (by patrimony, her father (King George VI) being a member) |
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1947 – | Institution of Civil Engineers | Honorary Member and Patron[67] |
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1951 – | Royal College of Surgeons of England | Honorary Fellow (FRCS) |
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1951 – | Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists | Honorary Fellow (FRCOG) |
Scholastic
Since ascending the throne, the Queen has not accepted honorary degrees, as this would technically place her under the jurisdiction of the chancellor of whichever university had bestowed the degree, a position deemed unsuitable for a reigning monarch.
- Degrees
Country | Date | School | Degree |
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1946 | University of London | Bachelor of Music (BMus) honoris causa |
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1948 | University of Oxford | Doctor of Civil Law (DCL) honoris causa |
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1949 | University of Wales | Doctor of Music (DMus) honoris causa |
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1951 | University of Edinburgh | Doctor of Laws (LLD) honoris causa |
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1951 | University of London | Doctor of Laws (LLD) honoris causa |
Professional
In April 2013 the Queen was presented with an honorary BAFTA award by Sir Kenneth Branagh in a ceremony at Windsor Castle. The BAFTA was given for her "lifelong support of the British film and television industry".[68]
See also
- Style of the British sovereign
- Title and style of the Canadian monarch
- List of things named for Queen Elizabeth II
- List of titles and honours of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
- List of titles and honours of Charles, Prince of Wales
- List of titles and honours of King George VI
- List of titles and honours of Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
- List of titles and honours of Mary of Teck
- List of titles and honours of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn
- List of honours of the British Royal Family by country
- Flags of Elizabeth II
Notes
- ^ In some cases, such as an oath of allegiance, Elizabeth's Canadian title is shortened to Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth the Second, Queen of Canada.[15] On Canadian coins, it is rendered in Latin as Elizabeth II D.G. Regina ("Elizabeth II Dei Gratia Regina", or, in English, "Elizabeth II, by the Grace of God, Queen).
- ^ In some older documents in French, Elizabeth's name is spelled Élisabeth.
- ^ This title is shown on the Great Seal of Victoria in Latin as Elizabeth II Dei Gratia Britanniarum Terrae Australis Regnorumque Suorum Ceterorum Regina, Consortionis Populorum Princeps, Fidei Defensor.[19]
- ^ Now part of Tanzania.
- ^ Although Elizabeth was recognised as Queen of Rhodesia by the Rhodesian government, she never accepted or exercised the office for the years between the Rhodesian declaration of independence in 1965 and the proclamation of a republic in Rhodesia in 1970.
- ^ Now Sri Lanka.
- ^ Sovereign states within the Commonwealth of Nations sharing the same person as monarch.
- ^ The Queen stripped Romanian dictator Nicolae Ceauşescu, who was overthrown in a popular revolution, of his honorary British knighthood in December 1989,[47] and returned her own order because "of revulsion at the abuse of human rights in Romania for which Ceausescu is responsible".[48]
References
- ^ Bousfield, Arthur; Toffoli, Gary (2002). Fifty Years the Queen. Toronto: Dundurn Press. p. 72. ISBN 1-55002-360-8.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca "Burke's Peerage and Gentry > The Royal Family > HM Queen Elizabeth II". Burke's Peerage & Gentry and The Origins Network. Retrieved 24 October 2010.
- ^ Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (1952), Documents on Canadian External Relations, vol. 18, Queen's Printer for Canada, retrieved 20 December 2009
- ^ Government of South Africa (7 February 1952). "Proclamation No. 12 of 1952". Government Gazette Extraordinary. CLXVII (4781). Queen's Printer.
- ^ "Proclamation of the accession of Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II, from the steps of Parliament House, Canberra, 1952 Feb. 8". National Library of Australia. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
- ^ "No. 39458". The London Gazette (invalid
|supp=
(help)). 6 February 1952. - ^ a b Bousfield 2002, p. 75
- ^ Twomey, Anne (2006), The Chameleon Crown, Sydney: Federation Press, p. 105, ISBN 9781862876293
- ^ Privy Council Office (24 November 1952), "Memorandum for Prime Minister", in Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade (ed.), Documents on Canadian External Relations, vol. 18–2, Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, retrieved 23 September 2009
- ^ "Documenting a Democracy > Royal Style and Titles Act 1973 (Cth)". Museum of Australian Democracy. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
- ^ Winston Churchill, House of Commons Official Report cols 199–201, 15 April 1953
- ^ OED, 2nd Edition, under "Grace", 16b
- ^ "Queen urged to change title". BBC. 22 May 2002.
- ^ [1] 1985, Ch. R-12.
- ^ Oath of office "Governor General of Canada > Media > Fact Sheets > Oaths of Office". Rideau Hall. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
{{cite web}}
: Check|url=
value (help)[dead link] - ^ Loi sur les titres royaux
- ^ "No. 39873". The London Gazette (invalid
|supp=
(help)). 29 May 1953. - ^ François Velde (4 September 2007). "Royal Arms, Styles, and Titles of Great Britain". Heraldica. François Velde. Retrieved 20 April 2009.
- ^ Greg Taylor (2006). The Constitution of Victoria. Federation Press. ISBN 1-86287-612-6.
- ^ "Royal Styles and Titles Act 1953" (PDF). Canberra: Commonwealth Government Printer. 1953. Schedule.
- ^ http://www.royal.gov.uk/monarchandcommonwealth/thequeenandpapuanewguinea/queenandpapuanewguinea.aspx
- ^ Wheare, K.C. (1953). "The Nature and Structure of the Commonwealth". American Political Science Review. 47 (4): 1021. doi:10.2307/1951122. Retrieved 4 June 2012.
- ^ Buckner, Phillip (2005). "The Last Great Royal Tour: Queen Elizabeth's 1959 Tour to Canada". In Buckner, Phillip (ed.). Canada and the End of Empire. Vancouver: UBC Press. p. 77. ISBN 0-7748-0915-9. Retrieved 24 October 2009.
- ^ "Queen to visit Trench Town", Daily Mail, retrieved 6 February 2013
- ^ "Queen speaks to Jamaican Parliament". BBC. 19 February 2002. Retrieved 6 February 2013.
- ^ Smith, Sally Bedell (2012). Elizabeth the Queen: The Life of a Modern Monarch. New York: Random House. p. 435. ISBN 9780812979794.
- ^ "Fiji chiefs say Britain's Elizabeth still Queen of Fiji". Radio New Zealand. 19 November 2002. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
- ^ "The Monarchy Today > Queen and Commonwealth > The Queen's role in New Zealand". Buckingham Palace. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
- ^ "The Monarchy Today > Queen and public > Honours > Royal Family Orders". Buckingham Palace. Retrieved 29 October 2008.
- ^ "No. 37976". The London Gazette (invalid
|supp=
(help)). 6 June 1947. - ^ "Manitoba Order of the Buffalo Hunt". Manitoba Historical Society. Retrieved 22 August 2009.
- ^ "Governor General of Canada > Honours > National Honours > Order of Canada". Rideau Hall. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^ "Governor General of Canada > Honours > National Honours > Order of Military Merit". Rideau Hall. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^ "Government of Australia > Honours > Awards > A–Z of Awards > Order of Australia". Commonwealth of Australia. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^ "Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet > New Zealand Honours > The Queen's Service Order". The Crown in Right of New Zealand. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^ "Government of Saint Lucia > Constitution of the Order of Saint Lucia". Government Information Service. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^ "Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet > New Zealand Honours > The Order of New Zealand". The Crown in Right of New Zealand. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^ "Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet > New Zealand Honours > The New Zealand Order of Merit". The Crown in Right of New Zealand. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^ "Governor General of Canada > Honours > National Orders > Order of Merit of the Police Forces". Rideau Hall. Retrieved 30 October 2008.
- ^ Royal Collection • Queen & Commonwealth, retrieved 29 May 2012
- ^ a b Honorary Appointments to the National Order of Merit, Office of the Prime Minister, Malta, retrieved 22 January 2011
- ^ "President Zuma officially begins United Kingdom state visit". Government of South Africa. 3 March 2010. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
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- ^ "Odluka o odlikovanju Njezinog Veličanstva Elizabete II., kraljice Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva Velike Britanije i Sjeverne Irske" (in Croatian). Narodne novine. 3 January 2002. Retrieved 28 April 2011.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - ^ Lithuanian Presidency, Lithuanian Orders searching form
- ^ http://www.president.lt/en/news.full/7176 "Official Welcome Ceremony for the Queen at Presidential Palace" (Press release). Office of the President of the Republic of Lithuania. 17 October 2006. Retrieved 31 October 2008.
{{cite press release}}
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- ^ Johnson, Alice (26 November 2010). "Khalifa, Queen Elizabeth II exchange orders". gulfnews.com.
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- ^ "Queen Elizabeth II's 1983 California visit". Los Angeles Times. 2 June 2012.
{{cite journal}}
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(help) - ^ Watson, Garth (1988). The Civils. Thomas Telford. p. 85. ISBN 0-7277-0392-7.
- ^ "Queen honoured with Bafta award for film and TV support". BBC News Online. London. 4 April 2013.
External links
- Hansard recording of debate on the royal title in the British House of Commons, 3 March 1953
- Use dmy dates from July 2013
- Elizabeth II-related lists
- Lists of titles by person of the United Kingdom
- British monarchy-related lists
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