Timeline of Strasbourg
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Strasbourg, Alsace, France.
Ancient history
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- 12th century BC – Area settled by proto-Celts.
- 3rd century BC – Celts develop township.
- 12 BC – Drusus Claudius Nero establishes Argentoratum as a military fort on the western bank of the Rhine River in preparation for his planned invasion of Germania.
- 90 CE – Legio VIII Augusta stationed in Argentoratum.
- 4th century CE – Catholic diocese of Strassburg established.[1]
- 357 – Battle of Argentoratum.
- 407 AD – Vandals, Sueves, and Alans attack the city after crossing the frozen Rhine on New Year's Eve 406 AD. Sometime later that year, the city is reclaimed by the rebel forces of the usurper Constantine III.
- 451 AD – Attila the Hun takes Argentoratum during his Gallic campaign.
Prior to 14th century
- 5th century – Franks in power.[2]
- 842 – Oaths of Strasbourg.
- 923 – City acquired by the Holy Roman Empire.
- 1230 – Saint Stephen’s Church opened
- 1250 – Ponts Couverts opened
- 1262 – Battle of Hausbergen, after which the city gains Reichsfreiheit.
14th–16th centuries
- 1307 – Monastery of Hermits of Saint William built. Gottfried von Hagenau introduces the Feast of the Immaculate Conception in Strasbourg.
- 1332 – Straßburger Revolution.[2]
- 1348 – Bubonic plague.
- 1349 – Pogrom.
- 1354 – Three Kings clock erected.[3]
- 1362 – Fritsche Closener writes Straßburger Chronik, a history of the city.
- 1414 – Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor visits Strasbourg (7–14 July)[4]
- 1415 – Paper mill established.[5]
- 1427 – Kammerzell House built.
- 1439 – Strasbourg Cathedral finished.
- 1440s – Johannes Gutenberg develops printing technique.
- 1444 – Population: circa 20,000[6]
- 1458 – Johannes Mentelin opens print shop (approximate date).[7]
- 1464 – Heinrich Eggestein opens print shop (approximate date).
- 1466 – World's first spectacle specialist shop opened in Strasbourg.[8]
- 1468 – World's first printed advertisement published in Strasbourg.[9]
- 1483 – Hans Grüninger printer in business.[10]
- 1518 – Dancing plague.
- 1521 – St. Thomas finished.
- 1523 – Protestant Reformation (approximate date).[2]
- 1538 – Lutheran Gymnasium founded.
- 1552 – 19 September, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor visits Strasbourg.[11]
- 1570 – Christkindelsmärik begins.
- 1574 – Astronomical clock erected, designed by Christian Herlin.
- 1585 – Neubau inaugurated
- 1588 – Grosse Metzig built.[12]
- 1592 – Strasbourg Bishops' War breaks out over disputed election to the bishopric
17th–18th centuries
- 1605 – Relation aller Fürnemmen und gedenckwürdigen Historien newspaper in publication.[13]
- 1619 – Jardin botanique de l'Université de Strasbourg established.
- 1621 – University founded.
- 1681 – City annexed by France.
- 1684 – Citadel built.[2]
- 1690 – Barrage Vauban opened.
- 1697 – French annexation recognised by the Holy Roman Empire.
- 1701 – Opera house opens.
- 1725 – New Hospital completed
- 1728 – World's first school for midwives opened in Strasbourg[14]
- 1732 –- Hôtel du grand doyenné inaugurated
- 1736 – Hôtel de Hanau built. Hôtel de Klinglin built.
- 1742
- Palais Rohan inaugurated.
- Place Broglie laid out.[15]
- 1755 – Hôtel Gayot built
- 1770 – Marie-Antoinette in Strasbourg.
- 1771 – Goethe in Strasbourg.
- 1778 – Mozart in Strasbourg (10 October - 3 November). He meets with Franz Xaver Richter, Johann Andreas Silbermann, Johann Baptist Wendling, Maximilian of Zweibrücken, and others.[16]
- 1772 – Place Kléber built.
- 1790 – City becomes part of the Bas-Rhin souveraineté.[17]
- 1792
- "La Marseillaise" composed by Rouget de Lisle.
- University closed.
- 1793 – Population: 47,254.[17]
19th century
- 1801 – Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg collection founded.
- 1805 – Napoleon in Strasbourg (also in 1806 and 1809).
- 1821 – Théâtre Municipal opens.
- 1823 – 5 December: Franz Liszt, aged 12, gives his first concert on French soil.
- 1832 – Société des Amis des arts founded.[18]
- 1836 – Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte in Strasbourg
- 1843 – Astronomical clock erected, designed by Jean-Baptiste Schwilgué.
- 1846 – Gare de Strasbourg opens.
- 1849 – Richard Wagner in Strasbourg (also in 1853 [with Liszt), 1858, and 1872 [with Cosima, and Nietzsche]).
- 1853 – Marne–Rhine Canal opens.
- 1855 – Orchestra and Société pour la conservation des monuments historiques d'Alsace founded.[19]
- 1861 – Rhine Bridge, Kehl built.
- 1862 - Association philomathique d'Alsace et de Lorraine founded.[20]
- 1870 – Siege of Strasbourg; art museum and city library destroyed.[21]
- 1871 – City becomes part of Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen, German Empire.
- 1872
- Bibliothek established.
- University reopens as Kaiser-Wilhelms-Universität.
- Verlag Karl J. Trübner (publisher) in business.
- Population: 85,654.[17]
- 1873 – Théâtre Municipal rebuilt.
- 1874 – Fort Rapp and other fortifications built.
- 1877 – Elsäßische Neueste Nachrichten begins publication.
- 1878 – Stele of Caius Largennius is discovered
- 1880 – Population: 104,471.[22]
- 1881 – Observatory inaugurated.
- 1883 – Kunstgewerbe Museum founded.[23]
- 1884 – Palais Universitaire built.
- 1889 – Kaiserpalast inaugurated.
- 1890 – Hohenlohe-Museum, Cabinet des estampes et des dessins collection, and Fussball Klub Straßburg founded.
- 1891 – Population: 123,500.[17]
- 1893 – Musée zoologique de la ville de Strasbourg building constructed.
- 1897 – St. Paul's Church built.
- 1898 – Palais de Justice built.
- 1900 – FC Frankonia 1900 Straßburg (football club) formed.
20th century
- 1901 – Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune Protestant Church restored.
- 1903 – Sängerhaus inaugurated
- 1904
- Hôtel Brion built.
- Sainte-Madeleine Church destroyed by fire.
- 1905 – Population: 167,678.[24]
- Gustav Mahler, Richard Strauss and Romain Rolland in Strasbourg for the First Alsatian Music Festival (Premier Festival Alsacien de Musique)[25]
- 1906 – Fußball Club Neudorf founded.
- 1907
- Musée alsacien opens.
- Sainte-Madeleine Church rebuilt.
- 1911 – Population: 178,891.[26]
- 1914 – Stade de la Meinau opens.
- 1918 – Alsace returns to France.
- 1919 – Institut Européen d'Etudes Commerciales Supérieures de Strasbourg established.
- 1920
- Musée historique de Strasbourg founded.
- City designated headquarters of Central Commission for Navigation on the Rhine.
- 1928
- Aubette redecorated.
- Strasbourg Illkirch Graffenstaden Basket formed.
- 1931
- Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame founded.
- Population: 181,465.[17]
- 1935
- Strasbourg Airport opens.
- 8-10 June: first "International Olympics of Workers' Music and Songs" (I. Internationale Arbeiter-Musik- und Gesangs-Olympiade), featuring Hanns Eisler, and Ernst Busch.[27][28]
- 1940 – Alsace annexed to Germany. Adolf Hitler in Strasbourg.
- 1941 – Reichsuniversität Straßburg formed.
- 1944
- 1945 – Institut d'études politiques de Strasbourg established.
- 1947 – Parts of the municipal art collections destroyed by accidental fire in Palais Rohan.
- 1949 – Council of Europe headquartered in Strasbourg.
- 1954
- 1959
- Pierre Pflimlin becomes mayor.[29]
- City designated headquarters of European Court of Human Rights.
- 1965 – City designated Seat of the European Parliament.
- 1967 – Urban Community of Strasbourg established.
- 1969 – International Institute of Human Rights founded.
- 1972
- Administration of Urban Community of Strasbourg and City of Strasbourg merged into one entity.[30]
- Opéra du Rhin formed.
- 1974
- European Science Foundation established.
- Discovery of Johann Sebastian Bach's personal copy of the printed edition of the "Goldberg Variations" with the hitherto unknown fourteen canons, BWV 1087.
- 1975 – Palais de la musique et des congrès built (twice expanded afterwards: 1989, 2015)
- 1977 – Palace of Europe built.
- 1982 – Strasbourg becomes part of the Alsace region.
- 1984 – City hosts UEFA European Football Championship.
- 1987 – Internationaux de Strasbourg tennis tournament begins.
- 1988 – Pope John Paul II addresses the European Parliament and the Council of Europe
- 1989
- Human Frontier Science Program established.
- City designated headquarters of Eurimages.
- 1990 – Population: 252,338.[17]
- 1991 – École nationale d'administration relocates to Strasbourg.
- 1992
- City designated headquarters of European Audiovisual Observatory and Eurocorps.
- Arte television begins broadcasting.
- Musée archéologique renovated.
- 1994 – Trams begin operating.
- 1995 – Nuits Européennes begins.
- 1998 – Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art building opens.
- 1999 – Louise Weiss building inaugurated.
- 2000
- Étoile Noire de Strasbourg ice hockey team formed.
- Strasbourg Cathedral bombing plot
21st century
- 2001
- Fabienne Keller becomes mayor.[29]
- 13 killed and 97 injured by a fallen Platanus tree in Parc de Pourtalès.[31]
- 2005
- Strasbourg-Ortenau eurodistrict formed.
- Patinoire Iceberg rink and Le Vaisseau open.
- 2006 – Population: 272,975.
- 2007 – Musée Tomi Ungerer/Centre international de l'illustration opens.
- 2008
- École européenne de Strasbourg opens.
- Le Festival européen du film fantastique de Strasbourg begins.
- Roland Ries becomes mayor.[32]
- 2009 – City hosts NATO Strasbourg–Kehl summit.
- 2011 –- Population: 272,222.[33]
- 2012 – Population: 274,394[34]
- 2014
- Pope Francis addresses the European Parliament and the Council of Europe.
- March: Strasbourg municipal election, 2014 held.
- 2015 – Population: 277,270[35]
- December: Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine regional election, 2015 held.[33]
- 2016 – Strasbourg becomes part of the Grand Est region.
- 2018 – A jihadist attacks civilians near the Christmas market, killing five (December 11).
See also
- History of Strasbourg
- List of mayors of Strasbourg
- European institutions in Strasbourg
- Bishopric of Strasbourg
- Archbishop of Strasbourg
- List of heritage sites in Strasbourg
Other cities in the Grand Est region:
- Timeline of Metz
- Timeline of Mulhouse
- Timeline of Nancy, France
- Timeline of Reims
- Timeline of Troyes
References
- ^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Germany". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 30 November 2015.
- ^ a b c d Britannica 1910.
- ^ Gerhard Dohrn-van Rossum (1996). History of the Hour: Clocks and Modern Temporal Orders. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-15510-4.
{{cite book}}: Check|author=value (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Stöber, August. "Kaiser Sigismund und die Straßburger Edelfrauen". Lexikus. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
- ^ Wilhelm Sandermann (2013). "Beginn der Papierherstellung in einigen Landern". Papier: Eine spannende Kulturgeschichte (in German). Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-662-09193-7.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) (timeline) - ^ Klipfel, Monique. "L'importance démographique de la ville". Académie de Strasbourg. Retrieved 4 January 2020.
- ^ Robert Proctor (1898). "Books Printed From Types: Germany: Strassburg". Index to the Early Printed Books in the British Museum. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Company. hdl:2027/uc1.c3450631 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ Harford, Tim. "Why do billions of people still not have glasses?". BBC. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
- ^ Patrick Robertson (2011). Robertson's Book of Firsts. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-60819-738-5.
- ^ "Bod-Inc Online". Oxford, England: Bodleian Library. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
Incunabula
- ^ "L'Empereur Charles-Quint à Strasbourg (19 septembre 1552)". Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire de Strasbourg. Retrieved 11 September 2018.
- ^ Baedeker 1911.
- ^ Steven Anzovin; Janet Podell, eds. (2000). Famous First Facts. H.W. Wilson Co. ISBN 0824209583.
- ^ "Accouchements, premiers soins au 18ème et 21 ème siècle". sixi.be. Retrieved 8 May 2016.
- ^ "Strassburg", The Rhine from Rotterdam to Constance, Leipsic: Karl Baedeker, 1882, OCLC 7416969
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ "Mozart's stay" (PDF). European Mozartways. Retrieved 13 May 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Notice communale: Strasbourg". Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui (in French). France: School for Advanced Studies in the Social Sciences. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ Annuaire des artistes 1833.
- ^ Colin Lawson, ed. (2003). "Orchestras Founded in the 19th Century (chronological list)". Cambridge Companion to the Orchestra. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00132-8.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "Sociétés savantes de France (Strasbourg)" (in French). Paris: Comité des travaux historiques et scientifiques. Retrieved 30 December 2015.
- ^ Ernest F. Henderson (1937). "Chronological Table: 1658-1914". A Short History of Germany. New York: Macmillan. hdl:2027/uc1.b3851058 – via HathiTrust.
- ^ "Germany: Alsace-Lorraine". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1885. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590469 – via Hathi Trust.
- ^ "Museum of Decorative Arts: History". Museums of Strasbourg. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
- ^ "German Empire: Area and Population: Principal Towns". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1908. hdl:2027/nyp.33433081590592.
- ^ Serrou, Bruno. ResMusica http://www.resmusica.com/2002/01/10/sinfonia-domestica-op-53/. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
{{cite web}}: Missing or empty|title=(help) - ^ "France". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. hdl:2027/njp.32101072368440 – via Hathi Trust.
- ^ Ploog, Karin (2015). ...Als die Noten laufen lernten...: Geschichte und Geschichten der U-Musik bis 1945 - Erster Teil. p. 178. ISBN 9783734745089.
- ^ "Und weil der Mensch ein Mensch ist (Einheitsfrontlied)". erinnerungsort.de. Retrieved 4 November 2019.
- ^ a b c "Mayors of Strasbourg since 1944". Strasbourg and its Town Hall. City and Urban Community of Strasbourg. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
- ^ "The City and the CUS". City and Urban Community of Strasbourg. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
- ^ Drame de Pourtalès: Strasbourg coupable, liberation.fr, 27 March 2007 (in French)
- ^ "French mayors". City Mayors.com. London: City Mayors Foundation. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
- ^ a b "Données du Monde: Strasbourg", Le Monde (in French), retrieved 30 December 2015
- ^ Insee.fr
- ^ "Démographie : combien sommes-nous en Alsace ? Et dans votre commune ?". France 3 Grand Est. 27 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.
Bibliography
in English
- Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Strasburg", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - David Brewster, ed. (1832). "Strasburg". Edinburgh Encyclopædia. Philadelphia: Joseph and Edward Parker. hdl:2027/uc2.ark:/13960/t82j6q872.
- John Thomson (1845), "Strasburg", New Universal Gazetteer and Geographical Dictionary, London: H.G. Bohn
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - "Strasbourg", Handbook for Travellers in France (8th ed.), London: John Murray, 1861
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) (+ 1852 Handbook for the Rhine - "Strassburg", Cook's Tourist's Handbook for Holland, Belgium, and the Rhine, London: Thomas Cook & Son, 1877
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Guide through Strasbourg, Strasbourg: Imprimerie et Lithographe Alsacienne-Lorraine, c. 1900, OL 25399864M
- "Strassburg", Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - "Strassburg", The Rhine, Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1911, OCLC 21888483
{{citation}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Trudy Ring, ed. (1995). "Strasbourg". Northern Europe. International Dictionary of Historic Places. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-136-63944-9.
- John M. Jeep, ed. (2001). "Strasbourg". Medieval Germany: an Encyclopedia. Garland Publishing. ISBN 0-8240-7644-3.
in French
- "Rhin (Bas): Strasbourg". Annuaire des artistes français: Statistique des beaux-arts en France (in French). Paris: Guyot de Fère. 1833. ISSN 2275-6817.
{{cite book}}:|journal=ignored (help); External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Eusèbe Girault de Saint-Fargeau (1850). "Strasbourg". Guide pittoresque: portatif et complet, du voyageur en France (in French) (3rd ed.). Paris: Firmin Didot frères. p. 647. hdl:2027/uiug.30112081968700.
{{cite book}}: Check|author=value (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - Strasbourg illustré, ou Panorama pittoresque, historique et statistique de Strasbourg et de ses environs (in French), Strasbourg: F. Piton, 1855 v.1, v.2
- Nouvelle description de Strasbourg (in French), Strasbourg: Fietta Frères, 1858
- "Strasbourg". Vosges, Lorraine, Alsace. Guides Joanne (in French). 1913. hdl:2027/uiug.30112105906736.
- Strasbourg (in French). Clermont-Ferrand: Michelin & Cie. 1919. OL 24638163M.
in German
- "Strassburg". Topographia Germaniae (in German). Vol. Topographia Alsatiae. Frankfurt. 1644. p. 36+.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - Strassburg. Die Chroniken der Deutschen Städte (in German). Vol. 8–9. Leipzig: S. Hirzel Verlag. 1870–1871 – via HathiTrust.
- "Strassburg". Brockhaus' Konversations-Lexikon (in German) (14th ed.). Leipzig: Brockhaus. 1908.
{{cite book}}: External link in|chapterurl=|chapterurl=ignored (|chapter-url=suggested) (help) - P. Krauss und E. Uetrecht, ed. (1913). "Strassburg i. Els.". Meyers Deutscher Städteatlas [Meyer's Atlas of German Cities] (in German). Leipzig: Bibliographisches Institut.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Strasbourg.
- Map of Strasbourg, 1985
- Items related to Strasbourg, various dates (via Europeana).
- Items related to Strasbourg, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).
