Socialist anarchism
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Socialist anarchism,[1][2][3][4] anarcho-socialism,[5] left-anarchism,[6] communitarian anarchism,[7] or social anarchism[8] (sometimes used interchangeably with libertarian socialism[1] or left-libertarianism[9] in its terminology) is an umbrella term used to differentiate two broad categories of anarchism, this one being the collectivist, with the other being individualist anarchism.[3][4] Where individualist forms of anarchism emphasize personal autonomy and the rational nature of human beings, socialist forms of anarchism sees "individual freedom as conceptually connected with social equality and emphasize community and mutual aid."[10] Unlike individualist anarchism, which stresses the importance of private property or ownership, socialist anarchism rejects private property, seeing it as a source of social inequality,[11] and posits a future society in which private property does not exist and is replaced by reciprocity and egalitarian society.[12][13] Socialist anarchism is used to specifically describe tendencies within anarchism that have an emphasis on the communitarian and cooperative aspects of anarchist theory and practice, and aims for "free association of people living together and cooperating in free communities."[14] Socialist anarchism includes (but is not limited to) anarcho-collectivism, anarcho-communism, anarcho-syndicalism and social ecology.
The term "left-anarchism" or "left-wing anarchism" refers to forms of anarchism that are seen by some on the 'left of politics'. Left-wing anarchism is thus distinguished from free-market anarchism[15] or "right-wing" anarchism (such as that of Murray Rothbard).[16] Ulrike Heider,[I] who claims to be syndicalist, in Anarchism: Left, Right and Green categorizes anarchism into left anarchism, right anarchism (anarcho-capitalism), and green anarchism.[17]
In the United States, the term "social anarchism" is used by the circle involved in publishing the Social Anarchism journal and has been promoted by the late Murray Bookchin.[9] Bookchin identifies social anarchism with the "left," by which he refers to the "great tradition of human solidarity and a belief in the potentiality for humanness," internationalism and confederalism, the democratic spirit, anti-militarism, and rational secularism.
[edit] Notes
I.^ Heider's work has been strongly criticised by anarchist academics including Bryan Caplan and Murray Bookchin for the allegedly poor quality of its research and presentation.[18][19]
[edit] References
- ^ a b Ostergaard, Geoffrey. "Anarchism". The Blackwell Dictionary of Modern Social Thought. Blackwell Publishing. p. 14.
- ^ Noam Chomsky, Carlos Peregrín Otero. Language and Politics. AK Press, 2004, p. 739
- ^ a b William Outhwaite (2003). The Blackwell Dictionary of Modern Social Thought p. 13. Wiley-Blackwell.
- ^ a b Ian Adams (2001). Political Ideology Today pg. 120. Manchester University Press.
- ^ Ronald H. Nash (1980). Freedom, Justice, and the State p. 23. University Press of America.
- ^ Thagard, Paul. 2002. Coherence in Thought and Action. MIT Press. p. 153
- ^ Morris, Christopher W. 1998. An Essay on the Modern State. Cambridge University Press. p. 74
- ^ Donald F. Busky (2000), Democratic Socialism: A Global Survey p. 2. Greenwood Publishing Group.
- ^ Suissa, Judith(2001) "Anarchism, Utopias and Philosophy of Education" Journal of Philosophy of Education 35 (4), 627–646. doi:10.1111/1467-9752.00249
- ^ Ostergaard, Geoffrey. "Anarchism". A Dictionary of Marxist Thought. Blackwell Publishing, 1991. p. 21.
- ^ Peacock, Adrian. 1999. Two Hundred Pharaohs, Five Billion Slaves. Ellipsis London
- ^ Goodwin, Barbara. 2007. Using Political Ideas. John Wiley & Sons
- ^ Sam Dolgoff (1986). Misconceptions of anarchism
- ^ Paul, Ellen Frankel. Miller, Fred Dycus. Paul, Jeffrey. 1993. (no title listed) Cambridge University Press. p. 115
- ^ Chomsky, Noam. 2003. Chomsky on Democracy & Education. Routledge. p. 398
Chomsky, Noam. Language and Politics. AK Press. p. 153 - ^ Heider, Ulrike. Anarchism: Left, Right and Green San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1994.
- ^ Caplan, Bryan. "Factual Errors in Marshall and Heider". http://www.gmu.edu/departments/economics/bcaplan/error.htm. Retrieved on 2008-03-08.
- ^ Bookchin, Murray (Winter 1994). "A Meditation on Anarchist Ethics". The Raven: Anarchist Quarterly, 7 (4): 328–46. http://dwardmac.pitzer.edu/ANARCHIST_ARCHIVES/bookchin/meditation.html. Retrieved on 2008-03-08.
[edit] External links
- Defining anarchism from An Anarchist FAQ, written by socialist anarchists
- "Zinelibrary.net" socialist anarchist zines to download, print and distribute
- Anarchist Theory FAQ, in which anarcho-capitalist Bryan Caplan argues that a broad division in anarchism exists between "left-anarchism" and anarcho-capitalism
- Anarchism: Two Kinds by Wendy McElroy, an individualist anarchist
- Collectivist-Anarchism and Communist-Anarchism from The Conquest of Power, by Albert Weisbord
- Canning Reactionary Leftism a criticism of left-anarchism by Keith Preston
- The Incredible Lameness of Left Anarchism by Jason McQuinn. A critique from a post-left anarchist perspective.
- Learning the Hard Way: My Life as an Anarcho-Leftoid by Keith Preston
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