Matrine

Matrine
Clinical data
ATC code	none;
Legal status
Legal status	In general: unscheduled;
Identifiers
	IUPAC name (1R,2R,9S,17S)-7,13-Diazatetracyclo[7.7.1.02,7.013,17]heptadecan-6-one;
CAS Number	519-02-8 ;
PubChem CID	91466;
ChemSpider	82591 ;
UNII	N390W430AC;
KEGG	C10774 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:6700 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL204860 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID00274188 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.117.486
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C15H24N2O
Molar mass	248.370 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
	SMILES C1C[C@@H]2[C@H]3CCCN4[C@H]3[C@@H](CCC4)CN2C(=O)C1;
	InChI InChI=1S/C15H24N2O/c18-14-7-1-6-13-12-5-3-9-16-8-2-4-11(15(12)16)10-17(13)14/h11-13,15H,1-10H2/t11-,12+,13+,15-/m0/s1 ; Key:ZSBXGIUJOOQZMP-JLNYLFASSA-N ;
	(what is this?) (verify)

Matrine is an alkaloid found in plants from the genus Sophora. It has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer effects,^[1] as well as κ-opioid and μ-opioid receptor agonism.^[2]^[3]

Matrine possesses strong antitumor activities in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis are the likely mechanisms responsible for matrine's antitumor activities.^[4] Matrine is a component of the traditional Chinese medical herb Sophora flavescens Ait.

Mu opioid agonism is associated with euphoria, while kappa opioid agonism is associated with dysphoria and psychotomimetic hallucinations (as seen in the kappa-agonist Salvinorin A). Both receptors are known to produce analgesia when activated.

Matrine and the related compound oxymatrine have an antifeedant effect against formosan subterranean termite.^[5] Additionally, it acts as a nematicide against the pine wood nematode which causes pine wilt,^[6] as well as pathogenic nematodes which target humans.^[7]

Matrine alleviates neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain caused by acute liver injury, thus producing antianxiety and antidepression effects.^[8]

References

^ Zhang Y, Zhang H, Yu P, Liu Q, Liu K, Duan H, et al. (April 2009). "Effects of matrine against the growth of human lung cancer and hepatoma cells as well as lung cancer cell migration". Cytotechnology. 59 (3): 191–200. doi:10.1007/s10616-009-9211-2. PMC 2774570. PMID 19649719.
^ Xiao P, Kubo H, Ohsawa M, Higashiyama K, Nagase H, Yan YN, et al. (April 1999). "kappa-Opioid receptor-mediated antinociceptive effects of stereoisomers and derivatives of (+)-matrine in mice". Planta Medica. 65 (3): 230–233. doi:10.1055/s-1999-14080. PMID 10232067.
^ Higashiyama K, Takeuchi Y, Yamauchi T, Imai S, Kamei J, Yajima Y, et al. (May 2005). "Implication of the descending dynorphinergic neuron projecting to the spinal cord in the (+)-matrine- and (+)-allomatrine-induced antinociceptive effects". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 28 (5): 845–848. doi:10.1248/bpb.28.845. PMID 15863891.
^ Ma L, Wen S, Zhan Y, He Y, Liu X, Jiang J (February 2008). "Anticancer effects of the Chinese medicine matrine on murine hepatocellular carcinoma cells". Planta Medica. 74 (3): 245–251. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1034304. PMID 18283616.
^ Mao L, Henderson G (June 2007). "Antifeedant activity and acute and residual toxicity of alkaloids from Sophora flavescens (leguminosae) against formosan subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)". Journal of Economic Entomology. 100 (3): 866–870. doi:10.1093/jee/100.3.866. PMID 17598549.
^ Kazuhiko Matsuda; Kazuhisa Yamada; Mikiko Kimura; Masayuki Hamada (1991). "Nematicidal activity of matrine and its derivatives against pine wood nematodes". J. Agric. Food Chem. 39 (1): 189–191. doi:10.1021/jf00001a038.
^ Terada M, Sano M, Ishii AI, Kino H, Fukushima S, Noro T (February 1982). "[Studies on chemotherapy of parasitic helminths (IV). Effects of alkaloids from Sophora flavescens on the motility of parasitic helminths and isolated host tissues (author's transl)]". Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Folia Pharmacologica Japonica. 79 (2): 105–111. doi:10.1254/fpj.79.105. PMID 7200047.
^ Khan A, Shal B, Naveed M, Shah FA, Atiq A, Khan NU, et al. (May 2019). "Matrine ameliorates anxiety and depression-like behaviour by targeting hyperammonemia-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in CCl4 model of liver injury". Neurotoxicology. 72: 38–50. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.002. PMID 30738807. S2CID 73445828.

External links

Media related to Matrine at Wikimedia Commons

[pmid19649719-1] Zhang Y, Zhang H, Yu P, Liu Q, Liu K, Duan H, et al. (April 2009). "Effects of matrine against the growth of human lung cancer and hepatoma cells as well as lung cancer cell migration". Cytotechnology. 59 (3): 191–200. doi:10.1007/s10616-009-9211-2. PMC 2774570. PMID 19649719.

[pmid10232067-2] Xiao P, Kubo H, Ohsawa M, Higashiyama K, Nagase H, Yan YN, et al. (April 1999). "kappa-Opioid receptor-mediated antinociceptive effects of stereoisomers and derivatives of (+)-matrine in mice". Planta Medica. 65 (3): 230–233. doi:10.1055/s-1999-14080. PMID 10232067.

[pmid15863891-3] Higashiyama K, Takeuchi Y, Yamauchi T, Imai S, Kamei J, Yajima Y, et al. (May 2005). "Implication of the descending dynorphinergic neuron projecting to the spinal cord in the (+)-matrine- and (+)-allomatrine-induced antinociceptive effects". Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 28 (5): 845–848. doi:10.1248/bpb.28.845. PMID 15863891.

[4] Ma L, Wen S, Zhan Y, He Y, Liu X, Jiang J (February 2008). "Anticancer effects of the Chinese medicine matrine on murine hepatocellular carcinoma cells". Planta Medica. 74 (3): 245–251. doi:10.1055/s-2008-1034304. PMID 18283616.

[5] Mao L, Henderson G (June 2007). "Antifeedant activity and acute and residual toxicity of alkaloids from Sophora flavescens (leguminosae) against formosan subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)". Journal of Economic Entomology. 100 (3): 866–870. doi:10.1093/jee/100.3.866. PMID 17598549.

[6] Kazuhiko Matsuda; Kazuhisa Yamada; Mikiko Kimura; Masayuki Hamada (1991). "Nematicidal activity of matrine and its derivatives against pine wood nematodes". J. Agric. Food Chem. 39 (1): 189–191. doi:10.1021/jf00001a038.

[7] Terada M, Sano M, Ishii AI, Kino H, Fukushima S, Noro T (February 1982). "[Studies on chemotherapy of parasitic helminths (IV). Effects of alkaloids from Sophora flavescens on the motility of parasitic helminths and isolated host tissues (author's transl)]". Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Folia Pharmacologica Japonica. 79 (2): 105–111. doi:10.1254/fpj.79.105. PMID 7200047.

[8] Khan A, Shal B, Naveed M, Shah FA, Atiq A, Khan NU, et al. (May 2019). "Matrine ameliorates anxiety and depression-like behaviour by targeting hyperammonemia-induced neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in CCl4 model of liver injury". Neurotoxicology. 72: 38–50. doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.002. PMID 30738807. S2CID 73445828.

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