Antisemitism in France: Difference between revisions
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:* <small><code><nowiki>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Antisémitisme en France]]; see its history for attribution.</nowiki></code></small> |
:* <small><code><nowiki>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Antisémitisme en France]]; see its history for attribution.</nowiki></code></small> |
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=== Carpentras cemetery 1990 === |
=== Carpentras cemetery 1990 === |
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{{Further ill |Desecration of the Jewish cemetery of Carpentras|fr|Affaire de la profanation du cimetière juif de Carpentras}} |
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On 10 May 1990, a Jewish cemetery at [[Carpentras]] was desecrated. This led to a public uproar, and a protest demonstration in Paris attended by 200,000 persons, including French President [[François Mitterrand]]. After several years of investigation, five people, among them three former members of the extremist far-right [[French and European Nationalist Party]] confessed on 2 August 1996.<ref>{{Cite news |author=<!--staff writers; no byline--> |date=1991-10-30 |title=Les attentats contre les foyers Sonacotra devant la cour d'assises des Alpes-Maritimes - Les commanditaires occultes de Gilbert Hervochon |trans-title=The attacks against the Sonacotra homes before the Alpes-Maritimes Assize Court - The hidden sponsors of Gilbert Hervochon |language=fr |work=[[Le Monde]] |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/archives/article/1991/10/30/les-attentats-contre-les-foyers-sonacotra-devant-la-cour-d-assises-des-alpes-maritimes-les-commanditaires-occultes-de-gilbert-hervochon_3543405_1819218.html |url-status=live |access-date=2020-06-16}}</ref><ref>[https://www.humanite.fr/popup_imprimer.html?id_article=774664 Le procès de quatre profanateurs néo-nazis après six ans de fausses pistes], ''[[L'Humanité]]'', 17 March 1997 {{in lang |fr}}</ref> On 5 June 1990, the PNFE magazine ''Tribune nationaliste'' was banned by the French authorities.<ref name="de Boissieu-2018">{{Cite web |last=de Boissieu |first=Laurent |date=2018 |title=Parti Nationaliste Français et Européen (PNFE) |url=https://www.france-politique.fr/wiki/Parti_Nationaliste_Fran%C3%A7ais_et_Europ%C3%A9en_(PNFE) |url-status=live |website=France-politique}}</ref> |
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== Terrorist attacks == |
== Terrorist attacks == |
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Revision as of 02:06, 8 July 2021
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Antisemitism in France is the expression through words or actions of an ideology of hatred of Jews on French soil.
In the Middle Ages, France was a center of Jewish learning, but over time, persecution increased, including multiple expulsions and returns.
During the French Revolution in the late 18th century, on the other hand, France was the first country in Europe to emancipate its Jewish population. Antisemitism still occurred in cycles, reaching a high level in the 1890s, as shown during the Dreyfus affair, and in the 1940s, under German occupation and the Vichy regime.[citation needed]
During World War II, the Vichy government collaborated with Nazi occupiers to deport a large number of both French Jews and foreign Jewish refugees to concentration camps.[1] Another 110,000 French Jews were living in the colony of French Algeria.[2] By the war's end, 25% of the Jewish population of France had perished in the Holocaust, though this was a lower proportion than in most other countries under Nazi occupation.[3][4]
Since 2010 or so, more have been making aliyah in response to rising antisemitism in France.[5]
Desecration
Carpentras cemetery 1990
On 10 May 1990, a Jewish cemetery at Carpentras was desecrated. This led to a public uproar, and a protest demonstration in Paris attended by 200,000 persons, including French President François Mitterrand. After several years of investigation, five people, among them three former members of the extremist far-right French and European Nationalist Party confessed on 2 August 1996.[6][7] On 5 June 1990, the PNFE magazine Tribune nationaliste was banned by the French authorities.[8]
Terrorist attacks
Since 2000
Supermarket siege
On 9 January 2015, Amedy Coulibaly, who had pledged allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant,[9] attacked the people in a Hypercacher kosher food supermarket at Porte de Vincennes in east Paris. He killed four people, all of whom were Jewish,[10][11][12] and took several hostages.[13][14] Some media outlets claimed he had a female accomplice, speculated initially to be his common-law wife, Hayat Boumeddiene.[15]
See also
- 2019 Jersey City shooting
- Antisemitism in 21st-century France
- Collaboration with the Axis Powers during World War II
- Foreign relations of Vichy France
- French Colonial Empire
- French Fifth Republic
- French Fourth Republic
- French Third Republic
- German occupation of France
- History of the Jews in France
- Jewish Museum of Belgium shooting
- Law of 3 October 1940 on the Status of Jews
- Maurice Papon
- Philippe Pétain
- Pursuit of Nazi collaborators
- Rene Bousquet
- Strasbourg Cathedral bombing plot
- The Holocaust in France
- Toulouse and Montauban shootings
- Vichy anti-Jewish legislation
- Vichy France
- Vichy Holocaust collaboration timeline
- Xavier Vallat
- Zone libre
References
- ^ "France". Holocaust Encyclopedia. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
- ^ Blumenkranz, Bernhard (1972). Histoire des Juifs en France. Toulouse: Privat. p. 376.
- ^ "Le Bilan de la Shoah en France [Le régime de Vichy]". bseditions.fr.
- ^ Yad Vashem [1]
- ^ "Jews are leaving France in record numbers amid rising antisemitism and fears of more Isis-inspired terror attacks". The Independent. 25 January 2016.
- ^ "Les attentats contre les foyers Sonacotra devant la cour d'assises des Alpes-Maritimes - Les commanditaires occultes de Gilbert Hervochon" [The attacks against the Sonacotra homes before the Alpes-Maritimes Assize Court - The hidden sponsors of Gilbert Hervochon]. Le Monde (in French). 30 October 1991. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Le procès de quatre profanateurs néo-nazis après six ans de fausses pistes, L'Humanité, 17 March 1997 (in French)
- ^ de Boissieu, Laurent (2018). "Parti Nationaliste Français et Européen (PNFE)". France-politique.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link) - ^ Jane Onyanga-Omara, USA TODAY (11 January 2015). "Video shows Paris gunman pledging allegiance to Islamic State". USATODAY.
- ^ "alert bibi coming". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- ^ "Four victims of terror attack on kosher supermarket named". ynet.
- ^ "Paris shootings: Hostages killed at Jewish supermarket named". International Business Times UK.
- ^ "Charlie Hebdo attack: Manhunt – live reporting". BBC News. 9 January 2015.
- ^ "Paris shooting updates / Charlie Hebdo attackers take hostage after car chase". Haaretz. 9 January 2015.
- ^ "DIRECT – Porte de Vincennes: plusieurs otages, au moins deux morts". MidiLibre.fr.
- Notes
- Footnotes
Works cited
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Further reading
- Miedzian, Myriam (12/15/2006). "Anti-French Stereotypes Still Served Up". Huffpost. Retrieved 7 July 2021.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)
External links
Gallery
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World War II-era Paris exhibition called "The Jew and France" -
Caricature by C.Léandre (France, 1898) showing Rothschild with the world in his hands
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