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[[Image:AlfredNobel.jpg|thumb|The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist [[Alfred Nobel]]]]
[[Image:AlfredNobel.jpg|thumb|The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist [[Alfred Nobel]].]]
The [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] ({{lang-sv|Nobelpriset i kemi}}) is awarded annually by the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] to scientists in the various fields of [[chemistry]]. It is one of the five [[Nobel Prize]]s established by the 1895 will of [[Alfred Nobel]] (who died in 1896), awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry [[Nobel Prize in Physics|physics]], [[Nobel Prize in Literature|literature]], [[Nobel Peace Prize|peace]], and [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|physiology or medicine]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Alfred Nobel - The Man Behind the Nobel Prize | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/|accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref> As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the [[Nobel Foundation]] and awarded by a committee that consists of five members elected by [[The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]].<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize Awarders | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/prize_awarders/|accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref> The first Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 1901 to [[Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff]], of the [[NLD|Netherlands]]. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a cash prize that has varied throughout the years.<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize| publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/|accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref> In 1901, van 't Hoff received 150,782 [[Swedish krona|SEK]], which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. In 2007 prize was awarded to [[Gerhard Ertl]] (of [[Germany]]), he was awarded the prize amount of 10,000,000 SEK (slightly more than [[Euro|€]]1&nbsp;million, or [[United States dollar|US$]]1.4&nbsp;million).<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize Amounts | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/amounts.html|accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref> The award is presented in [[Stockholm]] at an annual ceremony on December 10, the [[anniversary]] of Nobel's death.<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/award_ceremonies/|accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref>
The [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] ({{lang-sv|Nobelpriset i kemi}}) is awarded annually by the [[Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences]] to scientists in the various fields of [[chemistry]]. It is one of the five [[Nobel Prize]]s established by the 1895 will of [[Alfred Nobel]] (who died in 1896), awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, [[Nobel Prize in Physics|physics]], [[Nobel Prize in Literature|literature]], [[Nobel Peace Prize|peace]], and [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine|physiology or medicine]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Alfred Nobel &ndash; The Man Behind the Nobel Prize | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/|accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref> As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the [[Nobel Foundation]] and awarded by a committee that consists of five members elected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize Awarders | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/prize_awarders/|accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref> The first Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 1901 to [[Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff]], of the [[Netherlands]]. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a cash prize that has varied throughout the years.<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize| publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/|accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref> In 1901, van 't Hoff received 150,782 [[Swedish krona|SEK]], which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. In 2007, the prize was awarded to [[Gerhard Ertl]] (of [[Germany]]), who was awarded the prize amount of 10,000,000 SEK (slightly more than [[Euro|€]]1&nbsp;million, or [[United States dollar|US$]]1.4&nbsp;million).<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize Amounts | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/amounts.html|accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref> The award is presented in [[Stockholm]] at an annual ceremony on December 10, the [[anniversary]] of Nobel's death.<ref>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/award_ceremonies/|accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref>


At least 25 laureates have received the Nobel Prize for contributions in the field of [[organic chemistry]], more than any other field of chemistry.<ref name=modern/> Two winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Germans [[Richard Kuhn]] (1938) and [[Adolf Butenandt]] (1939), were not allowed by their government to accept the prize. They would later receive a medal and diploma, but not the money. [[Frederick Sanger]] is the only laureate to win the prize twice, in 1958 and 1980. Two others would also win Nobel Prizes in other subjects: [[Marie Curie]] (physics in 1903, chemistry in 1911) and [[Linus Pauling|Linus Carl Pauling]] (chemistry in 1954, peace in 1962).<ref>{{cite web | title = Nobel Laureates Facts | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/nobelprize_facts.html|accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref> Three women have won the prize, Marie Curie, [[Irène Joliot-Curie]] (1935) and [[Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin]] (1964).<ref>{{cite web | title = Women Nobel Laureates | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/women.html|accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref> Scientists from the United States have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 59 times, more than any nation.<ref name=modern>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Development of Modern Chemistry | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/articles/malmstrom/index.html|author=Malmström, Bo G.; Bertil Andersson|date=2001-12-03|accessdate=2008-10-08}}</ref>
At least 25 laureates have received the Nobel Prize for contributions in the field of [[organic chemistry]], more than any other field of chemistry.<ref name=modern/> Two winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Germans [[Richard Kuhn]] (1938) and [[Adolf Butenandt]] (1939), were not allowed by their government to accept the prize. They would later receive a medal and diploma, but not the money. [[Frederick Sanger]] is the only laureate to win the prize twice, in 1958 and 1980. Two others also won Nobel Prizes in other subjects: [[Marie Curie]] (physics in 1903, chemistry in 1911) and [[Linus Pauling|Linus Carl Pauling]] (chemistry in 1954, peace in 1962).<ref>{{cite web | title = Nobel Laureates Facts | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/nobelprize_facts.html|accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref> Three women have won the prize, Marie Curie, [[Irène Joliot-Curie]] (1935) and [[Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin]] (1964).<ref>{{cite web | title = Women Nobel Laureates | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/women.html|accessdate=2008-10-07}}</ref> Scientists from the United States have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 59 times, more than any nation.<ref name=modern>{{cite web | title = The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Development of Modern Chemistry | publisher = Nobelprize.org | url = http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/articles/malmstrom/index.html|author=Malmström, Bo G.; Bertil Andersson|date=2001-12-03|accessdate=2008-10-08}}</ref> As of 2007, the Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to 150 individuals. There have been eight years in which it has not been awarded.

As of 2007, The Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to 150 individuals. It has not been awarded eight times.
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==List of Laureates==
==List of Laureates==
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"

Revision as of 23:34, 8 October 2008

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry (Swedish: Nobelpriset i kemi) is awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences to scientists in the various fields of chemistry. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel (who died in 1896), awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.[1] As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Nobel Foundation and awarded by a committee that consists of five members elected by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.[2] The first Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded in 1901 to Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff, of the Netherlands. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma and a cash prize that has varied throughout the years.[3] In 1901, van 't Hoff received 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. In 2007, the prize was awarded to Gerhard Ertl (of Germany), who was awarded the prize amount of 10,000,000 SEK (slightly more than €1 million, or US$1.4 million).[4] The award is presented in Stockholm at an annual ceremony on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death.[5]

At least 25 laureates have received the Nobel Prize for contributions in the field of organic chemistry, more than any other field of chemistry.[6] Two winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Germans Richard Kuhn (1938) and Adolf Butenandt (1939), were not allowed by their government to accept the prize. They would later receive a medal and diploma, but not the money. Frederick Sanger is the only laureate to win the prize twice, in 1958 and 1980. Two others also won Nobel Prizes in other subjects: Marie Curie (physics in 1903, chemistry in 1911) and Linus Carl Pauling (chemistry in 1954, peace in 1962).[7] Three women have won the prize, Marie Curie, Irène Joliot-Curie (1935) and Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (1964).[8] Scientists from the United States have won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 59 times, more than any nation.[6] As of 2007, the Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to 150 individuals. There have been eight years in which it has not been awarded.

List of Laureates

Year Name Country Citation
1901 Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff Netherlands "for his discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions"[9]
1902 Hermann Emil Fischer Germany "for his work on sugar and purine syntheses"[10]
1903 Svante August Arrhenius Sweden "for his electrolytic theory of dissociation"[11]
1904 Sir William Ramsay United Kingdom "for his discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system"[12]
1905 Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer Germany "for his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds"[13]
1906 Henri Moissan France "for his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the electric furnace named after him"[14]
1907 Eduard Buchner Germany "for his biochemical research and his discovery of cell-free fermentation"[15]
1908 Ernest Rutherford New Zealand
United Kingdom 		"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances"[16]
1909 File:Wilhelm ostwald.jpg Wilhelm Ostwald Germany
Latvia 		"his work on catalysis and for his investigations into chemical equilibria and rates of reaction"[17]
1910 Otto Wallach Germany "for his work in the field of alicyclic compounds"[18]
1911 Maria Skłodowska-Curie Poland
France 		"for her discovery of radium and polonium"[19]
1912 Victor Grignard France "for his the discovery of the Grignard reagent"[20]
Paul Sabatier France "for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds"[20]
1913 Alfred Werner Switzerland "for his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules"[21]
1914 Theodore William Richards United States "for his determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of elements"[22]
1915 Richard Martin Willstätter Germany "for his research on plant pigments"[23]
1916 Not awarded
1917 Not awarded
1918 Fritz Haber Germany "for his synthesis of ammonia"[24]
1919 Not awarded
1920 Walther Hermann Nernst Germany "for his work in thermochemistry"[25]
1921 File:Frederick Soddy (Nobel 1922).png Frederick Soddy United Kingdom "for his work on the chemistry of radioactive substances and investigations into isotopes"[26]
1922 Francis William Aston United Kingdom "for his discovery of isotopes in a large number of non-radioactive elements, and for his whole-number rule"[27]
1923 Fritz Pregl Austria "for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances"[28]
1924 Not awarded
1925 File:1zsigmondy.jpg Richard Adolf Zsigmondy Germany "for his demonstration of the heterogeneous nature of colloid solutions and the methods used"[29]
1926 Theodor Svedberg Sweden "for his work on disperse systems"[30]
1927 File:Heinrich-wieland-2.JPG Heinrich Otto Wieland Germany "for his investigations of the bile acids and related substances"[31]
1928 Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus Germany "for his research into sterols and their connection with vitamins"[32]
1929 Arthur Harden United Kingdom "for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes"[33]
Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin Sweden
1930 Hans Fischer Germany "for his research into haemin and chlorophyll"[34]
1931 Friedrich Bergius Friedrich Bergius Germany "for their contributions to chemical high pressure methods"[35]
Carl Bosch Germany
1932 Irving Langmuir United States "for his work in surface chemistry"[36]
1933 Not awarded
1934 Harold Clayton Urey United States "for his discovery of heavy hydrogen"[37]
1935 Frédéric Joliot France "for their synthesis of new radioactive elements"[38]
Irene Joliot-Curie Irene Joliot-Curie France
1936 Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye Netherlands "for his work on molecular structure through investigations on dipole moments and the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases"[39]
1937 Walter Norman Haworth United Kingdom "for his work on carbohydrates and vitamin C"[40]
Paul Karrer Switzerland "for his work on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2"
1938 Richard Kuhn Germany "for his work on carotenoids and vitamins"[41]
1939 Adolf Butenandt Germany "for his work on sex hormones"[42]
Leopold Ružička Yugoslavia
Switzerland 		"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes"[42]
1940 Not awarded
1941 Not awarded
1942 Not awarded
1943 George de Hevesy Hungary "for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers to study chemical processes"[43]
1944 File:Otto Hahn portrait.jpg Otto Hahn Germany "for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei"[44]
1945 Artturi Ilmari Virtanen Finland "for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method"[45]
1946 James Batcheller Sumner United States "for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized"[46]
John Howard Northrop United States "for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form"[47]
Wendell Meredith Stanley Wendell Meredith Stanley United States
1947 Sir Robert Robinson United Kingdom "for his investigations on plant products, especially the alkaloids"[48]
1948 Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius Sweden "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis"[49]
1949 William Francis Giauque United States "for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics"[50]
1950 Kurt Alder West Germany "for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis. Diels-Alder reaction."[51]
Otto Paul Hermann Diels West Germany
1951 Edwin Mattison McMillan United States "for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements"[52]
Glenn Theodore Seaborg Glenn Theodore Seaborg United States
1952 Archer John Porter Martin United Kingdom "for their invention of partition chromatography"[53]
Richard Laurence Millington Synge United Kingdom
1953 Hermann Staudinger West Germany "for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry"[54]
1954 Linus Carl Pauling United States "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond"[55]
1955 Vincent du Vigneaud United States "for his work on sulphur compounds, especially the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone"[56]
1956 Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood United Kingdom "for their research into the mechanism of chemical reactions"[57]
Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov Soviet Union
1957 Sir Alexander Todd United Kingdom "for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes"[58]
1958 Frederick Sanger United Kingdom "for his work on the structure of proteins, especially insulin"[59]
1959 Jaroslav Heyrovský Czechoslovakia "for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis"[60]
1960 Willard Frank Libby United States "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination"[61]
1961 Melvin Calvin United States "for his research on carbon dioxide assimilation in plants"[62]
1962 John Cowdery Kendrew John Cowdery Kendrew United Kingdom "for their studies of the structures of globular proteins"[63]
Max Ferdinand Perutz United Kingdom
1963 Giulio Natta Italy "for their discoveries relating to high polymers"[64]
Karl Ziegler West Germany
1964 File:Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin.jpg Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin United Kingdom "for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances"[65]
1965 Robert Burns Woodward United States "for his achievements in organic synthesis"[66]
1966 Robert Sanderson Mulliken United States "for his work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules"[67]
1967 Manfred Eigen West Germany "for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equilibrium by means of very short pulses of energy"[68]
Ronald G. W. Norrish United Kingdom
George Porter United Kingdom
1968 Lars Onsager Norway
United States 		"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name"[69]
1969 Derek H. R. Barton United Kingdom "for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation"[70]
Odd Hassel Norway
1970 Luis F. Leloir Argentina "for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates"[71]
1971 Gerhard Herzberg Canada "for his contributions to electronic structure and the geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals"[72]
1972 Christian B. Anfinsen United States "for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation"[73]
Stanford Moore United States "for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule"[73]
William H. Stein United States
1973 Ernst Otto Fischer West Germany "for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds"[74]
Geoffrey Wilkinson United Kingdom
1974 Paul J. Flory United States "for his fundamental work, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of macromolecules"[75]
1975 John Warcup Cornforth Australia
United Kingdom 		"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions"[76]
Vladimir Prelog Croatia
Switzerland 		"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions"[76]
1976 William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr. United States "for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding"[77]
1977 Ilya Prigogine Belgium "for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures"[78]
1978 Peter D. Mitchell United Kingdom "for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory"[79]
1979 Herbert C. Brown United States "for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into reagents in organic synthesis"[80]
Georg Wittig West Germany
1980 Paul Berg United States "for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"[81]
Walter Gilbert Walter Gilbert United States "for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids"[81]
Frederick Sanger Frederick Sanger United Kingdom
1981 Roald Hoffmann United States "for their theories concerning the course of chemical reactions"[82]
Kenichi Fukui Japan
1982 Aaron Klug South Africa
United Kingdom 		"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes"[83]
1983 Henry Taube United States "for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions"[84]
1984 File:Robert B. Merrifield.jpg Robert Bruce Merrifield United States "for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix"[85]
1985 Herbert A. Hauptman United States "for their achievements in developing direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"[86]
Jerome Karle United States
1986 Dudley R. Herschbach Dudley R. Herschbach United States "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"[87]
Yuan T. Lee Taiwan
United States
John C. Polanyi Canada
1987 Donald J. Cram United States "for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"[88]
Jean-Marie Lehn Jean-Marie Lehn France
Charles J. Pedersen United States
1988 Johann Deisenhofer West Germany "for their determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"[89]
Robert Huber Robert Huber West Germany
Hartmut Michel West Germany
1989 Sidney Altman Sidney Altman Canada
United States 		"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"[90]
Thomas R. Cech Thomas R. Cech United States
1990 Elias James Corey United States "for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis"[91]
1991 Richard R. Ernst Switzerland "for his contributions to the development of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy"[92]
1992 Rudolph A. Marcus United States "for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems"[93]
1993 Kary B. Mullis United States "for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method"[94]
Michael Smith Canada "for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies"[94]
1994 George A. Olah Hungary
United States 		"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry"[95]
1995 Paul J. Crutzen Paul J. Crutzen Netherlands "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, in particular ozone depletion"[96]
Mario J. Molina Mario J. Molina Mexico
F. Sherwood Rowland United States
1996 Robert Curl United States "for their discovery of fullerenes"[97]
Harold Kroto Sir Harold Kroto United Kingdom
Richard Smalley United States
1997 Paul D. Boyer United States "for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate"[98]
John E. Walker United Kingdom
Jens C. Skou Denmark "for his discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+/K+-ATPase"[98]
1998 Walter Kohn United States "for his development of the density functional theory"[99]
John A. Pople United Kingdom "for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry"[99]
1999 Ahmed H. Zewail Egypt
United States 		"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy"[100]
2000 Alan J. Heeger United States "for their discovery and development of conductive polymers"[101]
Alan G MacDiarmid New Zealand
United States
Hideki Shirakawa Japan
2001 William S. Knowles United States "for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions"[102]
Ryoji Noyori Ryoji Noyori Japan
K. Barry Sharpless United States "for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions"[103]
2002 John B. Fenn John B. Fenn United States "for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules"[104]
Koichi Tanaka Japan
Kurt Wüthrich Kurt Wüthrich Switzerland "for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the three-dimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution"[104]
2003 Peter Agre United States "for the discovery of water channels"[105]
Roderick MacKinnon Roderick MacKinnon United States "for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels"[105]
2004 Aaron Ciechanover Israel "for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"[106]
Avram Hershko Israel
Irwin Rose United States
2005 Robert Grubbs Robert Grubbs United States "for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis"[107]
Richard Schrock United States
Yves Chauvin France
2006 Roger D. Kornberg United States "for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription"[108]
2007 Gerhard Ertl Germany "for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces"[109]
2008 Martin Chalfie United States "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"[110]
Osamu Shimomura Japan[111][112][113][114][115]
Roger Y. Tsien United States

See also

References

General
  • "All Nobel Laureates in Chemistry". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  • "Nobel Prize winners by category (chemistry)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
Specific
  1. ^ "Alfred Nobel – The Man Behind the Nobel Prize". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  2. ^ "The Nobel Prize Awarders". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  3. ^ "The Nobel Prize". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  4. ^ "The Nobel Prize Amounts". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  5. ^ "The Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  6. ^ a b Malmström, Bo G.; Bertil Andersson (2001-12-03). "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry: The Development of Modern Chemistry". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ "Nobel Laureates Facts". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  8. ^ "Women Nobel Laureates". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
  9. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1901". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  10. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1902". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  11. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  12. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1904". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  13. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1905". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  14. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1906". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  15. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1907". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  16. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1908". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  17. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1909". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  18. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1910". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  19. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1911". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  20. ^ a b "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1912". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  21. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1913". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  22. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1914". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  23. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1915". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  24. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1918". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  25. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  26. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1921". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  27. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1922". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  28. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1923". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  29. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1925". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  30. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1926". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  31. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1927". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  32. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1928". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  33. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1929". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  34. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1930". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  35. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1931". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  36. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  37. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1934". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  38. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1935". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  39. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1936". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  40. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1937". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  41. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1938". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  42. ^ a b "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1939". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  43. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1943". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  44. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1944". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  45. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1945". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  46. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  47. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1946". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  48. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1947". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  49. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  50. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1949". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  51. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1950". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  52. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  53. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1952". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
  54. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1953". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
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  56. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
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  84. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1983". Nobelprize.org. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
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  114. ^ 1 Japanese, 2 Americans win Nobel chemistry prize Associated Press
  115. ^ Two Americans, one Japanese win 2008 chemistry Nobel reuters

External links

  • Nobel Prize – Official webpage of the Nobel Foundation
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