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m →‎Disputed claims as "most powerful woman" versus "worst CEO": Change section title which is confusing. "versus" is not appropriate as both claims are not contradictory both could be true. Also, it's strangely worded.
→‎From "most powerful woman" to "worst CEO": removing sentence not relevant to the section and breaks the flow of the preceding and following paragraphs.
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In 1998, ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' magazine named Fiorina the "most powerful woman in business" in its inaugural listing<ref>{{cite news |last = Sellers |first = Patricia |title = The 50 Most Powerful Women in American Business|work=Fortune |date = October 12, 1998|url=http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1998/10/12/249284/index.htm|accessdate = July 15, 2008}}</ref> and she remained in that listing throughout her tenure at HP.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/lists/2004/08/18/04powomland.html|title=the World's 100 Most Powerful Women|last1=MacDonald|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Schoenberger|first2=Chana R.|date=August 20, 2004|accessdate=May 9, 2015|work=Forbes.com}}</ref> In 2004, she was included in the [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]] "most influential people in the world today"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Scardino|first1=Marjorie|title=The 2004 Time 100: Our list of the most influential people in the world today|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1970858_1970908_1971387,00.html|accessdate=May 8, 2015|agency=Time Inc.|publisher=time.com|date=April 26, 2004|page=Builders & Titans, Carly Fiorina}}</ref> and named tenth on the [[Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|''Forbes'' list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/finance/lists/11/2004/LIR.jhtml?passListId=11&passYear=2004&passListType=Person&uniqueId=QDES&datatype=Person|title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|first1=Elizabeth|last1=MacDonald|first2=Chana R.|last2=Schoenberger|work=Forbes|date=August 20, 2004|accessdate=October 13, 2009}}</ref>
In 1998, ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' magazine named Fiorina the "most powerful woman in business" in its inaugural listing<ref>{{cite news |last = Sellers |first = Patricia |title = The 50 Most Powerful Women in American Business|work=Fortune |date = October 12, 1998|url=http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1998/10/12/249284/index.htm|accessdate = July 15, 2008}}</ref> and she remained in that listing throughout her tenure at HP.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.com/lists/2004/08/18/04powomland.html|title=the World's 100 Most Powerful Women|last1=MacDonald|first1=Elizabeth|last2=Schoenberger|first2=Chana R.|date=August 20, 2004|accessdate=May 9, 2015|work=Forbes.com}}</ref> In 2004, she was included in the [[Time 100|''Time'' 100]] "most influential people in the world today"<ref>{{cite news|last1=Scardino|first1=Marjorie|title=The 2004 Time 100: Our list of the most influential people in the world today|url=http://content.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1970858_1970908_1971387,00.html|accessdate=May 8, 2015|agency=Time Inc.|publisher=time.com|date=April 26, 2004|page=Builders & Titans, Carly Fiorina}}</ref> and named tenth on the [[Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|''Forbes'' list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.forbes.com/finance/lists/11/2004/LIR.jhtml?passListId=11&passYear=2004&passListType=Person&uniqueId=QDES&datatype=Person|title=The World's 100 Most Powerful Women|first1=Elizabeth|last1=MacDonald|first2=Chana R.|last2=Schoenberger|work=Forbes|date=August 20, 2004|accessdate=October 13, 2009}}</ref>

In the years after leaving HP, Fiorina maintained her visibility in the media. She delivered a commencement address in May 2005 to [[North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University]],<ref>{{cite news|title=Fiorina's Commencement Address|date=May 9, 2005|work=BusinessWeek|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/bw/stories/2005-05-08/fiorinas-commencement-address|accessdate=May 9, 2015|last=Fiorina|first=Carly}}</ref> and she appeared on the [[Charlie Rose (talk show)|Charlie Rose]] talk show in 2006, where she defended her decision to merge HP and Compaq.<ref name="CharlieRoseInterview">{{cite interview| last=Fiorina| first=Carly| date=October 10, 2006| interviewer=Charlie Rose| url=http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=6934902813120610948| title=The Charlie Rose Show}}</ref>


Since her forced resignation, Fiorina's tenure at HP has been criticized. Business management scholar [[Jeffrey Sonnenfeld]] said in June 2008 about Fiorina being chosen to assist with the McCain presidential campaign, "You couldn't pick a worse, non-imprisoned CEO to be your standard-bearer."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/06/us/politics/06fiorina.html |title=Ousted Executive Provides a Feminine Face to the McCain Campaign |last=Bumiller |first=Elisabeth |date=June 6, 2008 |work=The New York Times|accessdate=May 9, 2015 }}</ref> In 2008, ''[[InfoWorld]]'' grouped her with a list of products and ideas as flops, declaring her tenure as CEO of HP to be the 6th worst tech flop of all-time and characterizing her as the "anti-[[Steve Jobs]]" for reversing the goodwill of American engineers and alienating existing customers.<ref>{{cite web|last=McAllister |first=Neil |url=http://www.infoworld.com/t/platforms/techs-all-time-top-25-flops-558?page=0,5 |title=Tech's all-time top 25 flops |publisher=InfoWorld.com |date=January 21, 2008 |accessdate=April 1, 2015}}</ref> In 2008, Loren Steffy of ''[[The New York Times]]'' suggested that the EDS acquisition well after Fiorina's tenure was evidence that her actions as CEO were justified.<ref name="livemint.com">{{cite web|first=Loren|last=Steffy |url=http://www.livemint.com/2008/05/14234650/Eight-years-and-14-billion-la.html |title=Eight years and $14 billion later, HP ex-chief Fiorina vindicated |publisher=Livemint.com |date=May 14, 2008 |accessdate=April 1, 2015}}</ref> Fiorina has often been ranked as one of the worst tech CEOs of all time by media sources like ''CBS News'' and ''USA Today''<ref name="cbsnews">{{cite web |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/americas-worst-ceos-where-are-they-now/ |title=America's worst CEOs: Where are they now? |first=Steve |last=Tobak |date=April 27, 2012 |publisher=CBS News |accessdate=May 9, 2015}}</ref><ref name="usatoday">{{cite web |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/technology/maney/2005-02-15-maney_x.htm |title=Can Fiorina trump competition for 'worst tech CEO' title? |first=Kevin |last=Maney |date=February 16, 2005 |accessdate=May 9, 2015|publisher=USA Today}}</ref>
Since her forced resignation, Fiorina's tenure at HP has been criticized. Business management scholar [[Jeffrey Sonnenfeld]] said in June 2008 about Fiorina being chosen to assist with the McCain presidential campaign, "You couldn't pick a worse, non-imprisoned CEO to be your standard-bearer."<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/06/us/politics/06fiorina.html |title=Ousted Executive Provides a Feminine Face to the McCain Campaign |last=Bumiller |first=Elisabeth |date=June 6, 2008 |work=The New York Times|accessdate=May 9, 2015 }}</ref> In 2008, ''[[InfoWorld]]'' grouped her with a list of products and ideas as flops, declaring her tenure as CEO of HP to be the 6th worst tech flop of all-time and characterizing her as the "anti-[[Steve Jobs]]" for reversing the goodwill of American engineers and alienating existing customers.<ref>{{cite web|last=McAllister |first=Neil |url=http://www.infoworld.com/t/platforms/techs-all-time-top-25-flops-558?page=0,5 |title=Tech's all-time top 25 flops |publisher=InfoWorld.com |date=January 21, 2008 |accessdate=April 1, 2015}}</ref> In 2008, Loren Steffy of ''[[The New York Times]]'' suggested that the EDS acquisition well after Fiorina's tenure was evidence that her actions as CEO were justified.<ref name="livemint.com">{{cite web|first=Loren|last=Steffy |url=http://www.livemint.com/2008/05/14234650/Eight-years-and-14-billion-la.html |title=Eight years and $14 billion later, HP ex-chief Fiorina vindicated |publisher=Livemint.com |date=May 14, 2008 |accessdate=April 1, 2015}}</ref> Fiorina has often been ranked as one of the worst tech CEOs of all time by media sources like ''CBS News'' and ''USA Today''<ref name="cbsnews">{{cite web |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/americas-worst-ceos-where-are-they-now/ |title=America's worst CEOs: Where are they now? |first=Steve |last=Tobak |date=April 27, 2012 |publisher=CBS News |accessdate=May 9, 2015}}</ref><ref name="usatoday">{{cite web |url=http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/technology/maney/2005-02-15-maney_x.htm |title=Can Fiorina trump competition for 'worst tech CEO' title? |first=Kevin |last=Maney |date=February 16, 2005 |accessdate=May 9, 2015|publisher=USA Today}}</ref>

Revision as of 19:12, 9 May 2015

Carly Fiorina
Fiorina speaking at CPAC 2015 in Washington, D.C.
Personal details
Born
Cara Carleton Sneed

(1954-09-06) September 6, 1954 (age 70)
Austin, Texas, United States
Political partyRepublican
Spouse(s)Todd Bartlem (1977–1984)
Frank Fiorina (1985–present)
Alma materStanford University
University of Maryland
Massachusetts Institute of
Technology
Signature
Websitecarlyforpresident.com

Carly Fiorina (born Cara Carleton Sneed; September 6, 1954) is a former business executive who is actively seeking the Republican Party's nomination for President of the United States. Starting in 1980, Fiorina rose through the ranks to become an executive at AT&T and its equipment and technology spinoff, Lucent, before being chief executive officer of Hewlett-Packard (HP) from 1999 to 2005.

In 2002, Fiorina pushed for a contentious merger with rival computer company Compaq, which made HP the world's largest personal computer manufacturer.[2] Despite its gains in market share following the merger, HP laid off 30,000 of its workers.[3] In 2005, Fiorina was forced to resign as chief executive officer and chairman of Hewlett-Packard, following "differences [with the board of directors] about how to execute HP's strategy."[4] Since then, she has served on the boards of a number of other organizations.

Fiorina's public persona has notably changed over the years. She was once considered one of the most powerful women in business during her time at Lucent and Hewlett-Packard; but, she has since been described by some publications (and business scholar Jeffrey Sonnenfeld) as one of the worst tech CEOs of all time.[5][6] While this image still shadows her reputation, Fiorina and others defend her leadership decisions against criticism.[7][8]

Fiorina served as an advisor to Republican John McCain's 2008 presidential campaign. She won a three-way race for the Republican nomination for the United States Senate from California in 2010, but lost the general election to incumbent Democratic Senator Barbara Boxer.[9] On May 4, 2015, Fiorina announced on Good Morning America that she is running for President of the United States in 2016.[10]

Early life

Fiorina was born on September 6, 1954, in Austin, Texas, the daughter of Madelon Montross (née Juergens), a portrait and abstract artist, and Joseph Tyree Sneed III, a law school professor, dean, and federal judge.[11] She has German, English, and distant Dutch and French, ancestry.[12][13] She was raised an Episcopalian.[12]

Education

Fiorina attended Channing School in London, and later attended Charles E. Jordan High School in Durham, North Carolina, for her senior year; the family relocated frequently during this time. She received a Bachelor of Arts in philosophy and medieval history from Stanford University in 1976. During her summers, she worked as a secretary for Kelly Services.[14] She attended the UCLA School of Law in 1976 but dropped out[15] after one semester and worked as a receptionist for six months at a real estate firm Marcus & Millichap, moving up to a broker position before leaving for Italy, where she taught English.[16]

Fiorina received a Master of Business Administration in marketing from the Robert H. Smith School of Business at the University of Maryland, College Park in 1980. She received a Master of Science in management from the MIT Sloan School of Management under the Sloan Fellows program in 1989.[17]

Business Career

AT&T and Lucent

Fiorina joined AT&T in 1980 as a management trainee and rose to become a senior vice president overseeing the company's hardware and systems division.[18]

In 1995, Fiorina led corporate operations for the spinoff from AT&T of Lucent, reporting to Lucent chief executive Henry B. Schacht.[19] She played a key role in planning and implementing the 1996 initial public offering of stock and company launch strategy.[20][21] Later in 1996, Fiorina was appointed president of Lucent's consumer products business, reporting to Rich McGinn, president and chief operating officer.[21] In 1997, she was appointed chair of Lucent's consumer communications joint venture with Philips consumer communications.[22] Later that year, she was named group president for the global service provider business at Lucent, overseeing marketing and sales for the company's largest customer segment.[23]

In her time at AT&T and Lucent, to her next corporate position, Fiorina is regarded by many as being the first woman to head up a Fortune 20 company, and to have overcome the metaphorical "glass ceiling".[24][25][26]

Hewlett-Packard (HP)

In July 1999, Hewlett-Packard Company named Fiorina chief executive officer, succeeding Lewis Platt and prevailing over the internal candidate Ann Livermore.[27] She became the first woman to lead a Fortune 20 company.[28] Fiorina immediately became a highly visible chief executive and remained so throughout her tenure at the company.[29]

Fiorina as CEO and Chair of the Board of Hewlett-Packard, August 2, 2004

Fiorina proceeded to reorganize HP and merge the part she kept with PC maker Compaq.[29] Although the decision to spin off the company's technical equipment division predated her arrival, one of her first major responsibilities as chief executive was overseeing the separation of the unit into the standalone Agilent Technologies.[30] Fiorina proposed the acquisition of the technology services arm of PricewaterhouseCoopers for almost $14 billion, but withdrew the bid after a lackluster reception from Wall Street.[31] Following the collapse of the dot-com bubble, the PwC consulting arm was acquired by IBM for less than $4 billion.[32]

In early September 2001, in the wake of the bursting of the Tech Bubble, Fiorina announced the controversial merger with Compaq, a leading competitor in the industry. Fiorina fought for the merger, and it was implemented despite strong opposition from board member Walter Hewlett (the son of company co-founder William Hewlett).[33] He launched a proxy fight against Fiorina's efforts, which failed.[34] The Compaq merger[35] created the world's largest personal computer manufacturer by units shipped,[36] a position the company lost in 2003 and regained in 2006.[37]

Fiorina presented herself as a realist regarding the effects of globalization. She was a strong proponent, along with other technology executives, of the expansion of the H-1B visa program.[38] In January 2004, at a meeting to "head off rising protectionist sentiment in Congress," Fiorina said: "There is no job that is America's God-given right anymore. We have to compete for jobs as a nation."[39][40][41] While Fiorina argued that the only way to "protect U.S. high-tech jobs over the long haul was to become more competitive [in the United States]," her comments prompted "strong reactions" from some technology workers who argued that lower wages outside the United States encouraged the offshoring of American jobs.[42] Fiorina responded against protectionism in an editorial in the Wall Street Journal, writing that while "America is the most innovative country," it would not remain so if the country were to "run away from the reality of the global economy."[43] 30,000 HP employees were laid off during Fiorina's tenure.[44]

Forced resignation from HP

HP stock price since 2000.

[unreliable source?]

In early January 2005, the Hewlett-Packard board of directors discussed with Fiorina a list of issues that the board had regarding the company's performance.[45] The board proposed a plan to shift her authority to HP division heads, which Fiorina resisted.[46] A week after the meeting, the confidential plan was leaked to the Wall Street Journal.[47] Less than a month later, the board brought back Tom Perkins and forced Fiorina to resign as chair and chief executive officer of the company.[48] The company's stock jumped on news of her departure, adding almost three billion dollars to the value of HP in a single day.[49][50] Under the company's agreement with Fiorina, which was characterized as a golden parachute by Meredith Vieira,[51] TIME magazine,[52] and Yahoo!,[53] reported she was paid slightly more than $20 million in severance.[54]

Transition of career and public persona

From "most powerful woman" to "worst CEO"

Opinions on Fiorina's public persona are divided, ranging from claims during her time at HP that she was the "most powerful woman in business" to claims after her resignation that was the "worst tech CEO of all time."

In 1998, Fortune magazine named Fiorina the "most powerful woman in business" in its inaugural listing[55] and she remained in that listing throughout her tenure at HP.[56] In 2004, she was included in the Time 100 "most influential people in the world today"[57] and named tenth on the Forbes list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women.[58]

Since her forced resignation, Fiorina's tenure at HP has been criticized. Business management scholar Jeffrey Sonnenfeld said in June 2008 about Fiorina being chosen to assist with the McCain presidential campaign, "You couldn't pick a worse, non-imprisoned CEO to be your standard-bearer."[59] In 2008, InfoWorld grouped her with a list of products and ideas as flops, declaring her tenure as CEO of HP to be the 6th worst tech flop of all-time and characterizing her as the "anti-Steve Jobs" for reversing the goodwill of American engineers and alienating existing customers.[60] In 2008, Loren Steffy of The New York Times suggested that the EDS acquisition well after Fiorina's tenure was evidence that her actions as CEO were justified.[8] Fiorina has often been ranked as one of the worst tech CEOs of all time by media sources like CBS News and USA Today[5][6]

Others have defended Fiorina. As her 2016 U.S. Presidential campaign kicked-off, CNN Politics pointed out that "Carly Fiorina puts her time as CEO of Hewlett-Packard at the center of her qualifications for high office…."; that's even though "...her critics quickly pounced on that record as she announced her campaign for president…"; as well as that "Her detractors said she was a terrible executive that fractured a company built on traditional values; her defenders argued that she made difficult and at time unpopular decisions to turn around a struggling firm."[61] Conservative Review emphasized that she was named "the most powerful woman in business" by Fortune in 1998; as well as that "Fiorina is a cross between Carson and Trump. She has some of Carson's inspirational biography, and some of Trump's business acumen/resume."[62] The National Review pointed out Fiorina's foil to fellow female presidential candidate Hillary Clinton, saying "Carly Fiorina is no doubt getting attention because of her unique background, but more and more people are staying to listen because she has something fresh to say"; but, also that "Fiorina also seems to relish the role of being the most pointed critic of Hillary Clinton…. She contrasts her background as a 'problem solver' with Clinton’s record as a professional politician."[63]

In interviews with Katie Couric and Greta Van Susteren, Fiorina implied that there has been a double standard when her achievements have been compared to others including Hillary Clinton. She dismissed the suggestion that serving in such roles as U.S. Senator and Secretary of State are accomplishments..." saying, “In the world that I come from, a title’s just a title…. Why are we so impressed with political titles? A senator is a title. Secretary of state is a title. What has anyone accomplished with their title?”[64][65]

Biography and autobiography

In October 2006, Fiorina released an autobiography, Tough Choices, about her career and her views on issues including what constitutes a leader, how women can thrive in business, and the role technology will continue to play in reshaping the world. The book was released during Fiorina's ongoing battle with greater controversy and a review by NPR Books introduced the work, saying "In one of those acts of serendipity that the publishing industry loves, the current scandal over boardroom spying at Hewlett-Packard has erupted just as its former CEO Carly Fiorina has published her autobiography. The book, called Though Choices, covers Fiorina's rise and fall as America's most powerful female executive."[66] Her autobiography (Tough Choices) was a contrast to early books about her performance, including Backfire (2003)[67] by Peter Burrows and Perfect Enough: Carly Fiorina and the Reinvention of Hewlett-Packard (2003)[68] by George Anders. A 2003 review by The New York Times of the earlier books said, "Two new books about the deal and its main champion—Hewlett-Packard's chairman and chief executive officer, Carly Fiorina—show that there is much investors can glean immediately from this merger."[69]

Personal transition, via other organizational designations

On October 2007, Fiorina signed with the Fox Business Network to become a business commentator on the network.[70]

After resigning from HP, Fiorina was named to several board memberships, including Revolution Health Group[71] (joined as of September 2005; company merged with Waterfront Media on October 3, 2008)[72] and computer security company Cybertrust[73] (acquired by Verizon Business in 2007).[74] The following year 2006, she became a member of the board of directors for chip maker Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC).[75] She resigned from the board on November 30, 2009, the company saying this was "because she planned to devote her full time and energy to US senatorial campaign." [76] The TSMC 2009 annual report notes that Fiorina had an "Attendance Rate in Person" of 17% for Board of Directors Meetings.[76] She served as a member of the MIT Corporation[77][78] from 2004-2012 as well as a member of the Foundation Board of the World Economic Forum.[79] She is an Honorary Fellow of the London Business School.[80] In July 2012, Governor Bob McDonnell of Virginia appointed her to the James Madison University Board of Visitors,[81] however, as of March 27, 2015, in a letter to Virginia Governor Terry McAuliffe, Fiorina resigned from the Board, saying "...her current activities preclude her ability…" as she was announcing her bid for the 2016 Republican presidential nomination.[82]

In April 2012, Fiorina became chair of Good360, a nonprofit organization in Alexandria, Virginia, which helps companies donate excess merchandise to charities.[83]

Carly Fiorina Enterprises and Fiorina Foundation; controversy

Fiorina began describing herself as Chair and CEO of Carly Fiorina Enterprises where, according to her political campaign Facebook page, she is "bringing her unique perspective and experience to bear on the challenging issues of our world, championing economic growth and empowerment for a more prosperous and secure world".[84][verification needed] That raised questions when it was reported by The San Francisco Chronicle/SFGate that, as of July 2009, she had "never registered her Carly Fiorina Enterprises to conduct business in California, either with the California secretary of state or the clerk of Santa Clara County, where Fiorina lives."[85] The Chronicle reported that "Records also show that her Fiorina Foundation has never registered with the Internal Revenue Service or the state attorney general's charitable trust division, which tax-exempt charities are required to do. The foundation 'enables corporations, spokeswomen entrepreneurs and philanthropists alike to address some of the world's most challenging issues,' according to Fiorina's Web site, carlyfiorina.com." [85] A spokeswoman commented that "...Fiorina and her staff believed the foundation was not required to file with the IRS because it accepted no outside contributions and donated only her personal wealth to worthy causes"; as for Fiorina Enterprises, the spokeswoman characterized it as "...a nonprofit enterprise that helped Fiorina structure speaking engagements and appearances while providing the public with information about her activities..."[85] However, no incorporation papers had been filed, and Carly Fiorina Enterprises had not filed a fictitious business name record, i.e., a 'doing business as,' or DBA, statement. which "usually is required when a business isn't incorporated."[85] The controversy dogged Fiorina in the United States Senate election in California, 2010, wherein she opposed incumbent (Democratic) U.S. Senator Barbara Boxer.

Political career

In 2006, Fiorina worked for Senator John McCain's presidential campaign. In early 2008, she was referred to in media sources as a potential vice presidential candidate,[86][87] and The New York Times noted that while she did not want to run, she was an executive who could possibly become a candidate for President.[88] On March 7, 2008, Fiorina was named fundraising chair for the Republican National Committee's "Victory" initiative. She was also a "point person" for the McCain campaign on issues related to business and economic affairs.[89] Fiorina's severance package from Hewlett-Packard in 2005 was viewed by some as a political liability during the campaign.[90][91][92]

On September 3, 2008, Fiorina addressed the Republican National Convention. Earlier that day, she defended the selection of Sarah Palin as McCain's running mate and said that Palin was being subjected to sexist attacks, a charge she repeated a few days later in response to one of the Saturday Night Live parodies of Sarah Palin.[93][94][95] When asked during a radio interview on September 15, 2008 whether Palin had the experience to run a major company like Hewlett-Packard, Fiorina answered no, "[b]ut that's not what she's running for. Running a corporation is a different set of things." When questioned about her answer, Fiorina stated that none of the candidates on either ticket had the experience to run a major corporation.[96][97][98] After media coverage of Fiorina's comments, one of her scheduled appearances on behalf of the campaign was canceled, although she continued to chair the party's fundraising committee.[99][100][101][98][89]

Senate candidacy

Main article: United States Senate election in California, 2010
Fiorina's campaign sign during her candidacy for U.S. Senator from California

On November 4, 2009, Fiorina formally announced her candidacy in the 2010 Senate election in a bid to unseat incumbent Barbara Boxer.[102][103][104][105] Fiorina's campaign in the Republican primary for that seat received a number of endorsements, including one from Sarah Palin in the form of a Facebook note.[106][107][108] Her campaign ad about Republican rival Tom Campbell featuring a "demon sheep" created international, mostly negative, publicity.[109][110] After the ad went viral, the California Democratic Party created a parody of the ad depicting Fiorina herself as a demon sheep.[111]

On June 8, 2010, Fiorina won the Republican primary election for the Senate with over 50 percent of the vote, beating Campbell and State Assemblyman Chuck DeVore.[112]

A Los Angeles Times search of public records indicated Fiorina had failed to vote in most elections. Fiorina responded: "I'm a lifelong registered Republican but I haven't always voted, and I will provide no excuse for it. You know, people die for the right to vote. And there are many, many Californians and Americans who exercise that civic duty on a regular basis. I didn't. Shame on me."[113][114]

The Los Angeles Times noted that Fiorina had conservative positions on certain social issues. She personally opposed abortion, except in cases of rape, incest, or endangerment of the mother's life.[115] As a private citizen, she stated that she voted for Proposition 8, which defined marriage as a union between one man and one woman.[116] Following an August 4, 2010, federal court ruling that Proposition 8 was unconstitutional, Fiorina expressed disagreement with the ruling, saying that California voters spoke clearly against same-sex unions when a majority approved the proposition in 2008.[117] She stated that she opposed litmus tests for Supreme Court nominations and did not favor a federal "personhood" amendment.[118] Fiorina had called global warming a "serious issue" but claimed that the science surrounding it is inconclusive, saying "I think we should have the courage to examine the science on an ongoing basis."[119] In a campaign ad, Fiorina also likened Boxer's concerns over global warming to worrying about "the weather."[120] Fiorina accepted large contributions from the coal industry[121] as well as Koch Industries.[122] Fiorina opposed the cap and trade legislation supported by Boxer, and thought efforts to control greenhouse gases would cost 3 million jobs and are "massively destructive".[123][124]

Sarah Palin was set to appear at a GOP fundraiser two weeks ahead of the November 2 election, but neither Meg Whitman nor Fiorina – both big-name Republicans – planned to attend. The prediction was that Palin's primary endorsement would jeopardize her general election candidacy.[125] By October 22, when it became public that Fiorina had loaned $1 million to her campaign, she had contributed $6.5 million to her own race.[126]

Boxer won the general election, defeating Fiorina 52.2% to 42.2%.[127]

Unlocking Potential aka UP-Project

Fiorina launched and developed "Up-Project," which is short for "Unlocking Potential Project,"[128] from 2011 to 2014. The "mission" of the organization is "...to engage women with new messages and new messengers by focusing on personal interactions with voters and going beyond the traditional methods of identifying, persuading and turning-out voters…"[129] Up-Project is officially registered as a Merrifield, Virginia-based entity, organized as a Limited Liability Company (LLC); as well as being established as of the date August 9, 2011.[130] A Whois search for Up-Project.org shows that the website domain name was created as of June 19, 2014; its registrant contact name is listed as Frank Sadler of Cove Strategies (an Alexandria, Virginia based entity).[131] In November 2014, The Washington Post reported that "Helping Fiorina chart her political future are consultants Frank Sadler, who once worked for Koch Industries, and Stephen DeMaura, a strategist who heads Americans for Job Security, a pro-business advocacy group in Virginia";[132] which was also confirmed by Newmax Media.[133] Fiorina appears prominently in the website pages of Up-Project, excluding other political candidates, even though her name does not appear in the organization's brand or "doing business as" name itself. In this organization's profile for "Leadership" it solely names Carly Fiorina.[134]

Advocate at large

On February 8, 2013, Fiorina gave a keynote address at the Ripon Society’s Legislative and Communications Directors Symposium on Leadership at Mount Vernon, advocating for several issues including simplifying and reforming the federal tax code, promoting the use of business technology in government, and helping small businesses.[135]

On July 1, 2013, Fiorina spoke at the National Press Club, calling for reforms to boost small business.[136]

In July 2013, conservative Newsmax magazine named Fiorina among the "25 most influential women in the GOP".[137]

2016 presidential campaign

Main article: Carly Fiorina presidential campaign, 2016
Carly Fiorina speaking at the 2015 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in National Harbor, Maryland, on February 26, 2015.

Fiorina ruled out running for the U.S. Senate in 2016,[138] but refused to rule out running for Governor of California in 2018 or President in 2016.[139][140][141][142] In November 2014, The Washington Post reported that Fiorina was "actively exploring" a run for President. Her business background and status as the only CEO and the only woman in a "sea of suited men" were mentioned as positives, with Republican strategists pointing to her disastrous 2010 Senate campaign, unpaid campaign debt and dismissal from HP as "considerable challenges".[143] In March 2015, Fiorina said on Fox News Sunday that there was a "higher than 90% chance" that she would run for president in 2016.[144]

On May 4, 2015, Fiorina announced her candidacy during an interview on Good Morning America, with George Stephanopoulos.[10] Fiorina entered the race with immediate criticism of Hillary Clinton. It was reported that the GOP sees Fiorina as "the tip of the spear" in its attack of the Clinton campaign because she is uniquely positioned to isolate her criticisms of Clinton from claims of gender bias.[145]

Shortly after Fiorina announced her entry into the 2016 presidential race, in a replay of her 2010 Senatorial race, the social media and editorial outlets referenced her tenure as HP's CEO and Chairwoman as a basis for her run for President. Commentators challenged Fiorina's claims of success, citing dozens of examples and anecdotes why Fiorina had largely failed in her business leadership roles at both Hewlett-Packard and Lucent. The discussion revolved around US job cuts and offshoring that Fiorina directed during her tenure at HP, contrasting it with the high compensation bonuses she received from the company.[146] Campaign Manager, Sarah Isgur Flores, deflected the job cut criticism saying, Fiorina "worked hard to save as many jobs as possible."[147][148] Other discussions focused on her well-documented public record.[citation needed]

Personal life

Fiorina (then Cara Carleton Sneed) married Todd Bartlem, a Stanford classmate, in June 1977. They divorced in 1984.[149] In 1985, she married AT&T executive Frank Fiorina. It was the second marriage for each. She helped raise his two daughters Traci and Lori Ann. They attempted to have children together but, as Fiorina put it: "That wasn't God's plan."[150][151][152] Fiorina and her husband live in Mason Neck, Virginia.

On February 20, 2009, Fiorina was diagnosed with breast cancer. She underwent a double mastectomy[153] at Stanford Hospital on March 2, 2009, followed by chemotherapy, which caused her to temporarily lose her hair, and later radiation therapy.[154] She was given "an excellent prognosis for a full recovery."[155][156] Early in her campaign for the United States Senate seat held by Barbara Boxer, Fiorina told a group of supporters: "I have to say that after chemotherapy, Barbara Boxer just isn't that scary anymore."[157]

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Further reading

  • Fiorina, Carly. Tough Choices: A Memoir. Portfolio Hardcover, 2006. (hardcover: ISBN 1-59184-133-X, abridged audiobook: ISBN 0-14-305907-6)
  • Anders, George. Perfect Enough: Carly Fiorina and the Reinvention of Hewlett-Packard. New York: Penguin Group, 2003. ISBN 1-59184-003-1.
  • Burrows, Peter. Backfire: Carly Fiorina's High-Stakes Battle for the Soul of Hewlett-Packard. Wiley, 2003. ISBN 0-471-26765-1.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Carly Fiorina.
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Business positions
Preceded by President of Hewlett-Packard
1999–2005 		Succeeded by
Chief Executive Officer of Hewlett-Packard
1999–2005 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Richard Hackborn
 Chair of Hewlett-Packard
2000–2005 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by Republican nominee for U.S. Senator from California
(Class 3)
2010 		Most recent

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