National liberalism: Difference between revisions
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Rupert loup (talk | contribs) The page didn't say "national liberal" or "national liberalism" |
yes, it says exactly that — please do not remove sources |
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In 19th-century Germany believers in national liberalism differed from [[liberal nationalism|liberal nationalists]] in that they believed in a more authoritarian presence in Europe and a strong Germanic Empire. Liberal nationalists, such as [[Max Weber]], were looking towards a democratic Germany in cooperation with the other European powers.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}} |
In 19th-century Germany believers in national liberalism differed from [[liberal nationalism|liberal nationalists]] in that they believed in a more authoritarian presence in Europe and a strong Germanic Empire. Liberal nationalists, such as [[Max Weber]], were looking towards a democratic Germany in cooperation with the other European powers.{{Citation needed|date=May 2017}} |
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In Austria, national liberalism has remained the basis of one of the three ''Lager'', or ideological camps, in the country. Historically, this has been represented by the [[Freedom Party of Austria|Freedom Party]],{{ |
In Austria, national liberalism has remained the basis of one of the three ''Lager'', or ideological camps, in the country. Historically, this has been represented by the [[Freedom Party of Austria|Freedom Party]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Liberal Parties in Western Europe |last=Luther |first=K. R. |chapter=The Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs: protest party or governing party |editor-last=Kirchner |editor-first=Emil Joseph |year=1988 |publisher=Cambridge |location=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-32394-9 |page=214 |url=https://books.google.it/books?id=wtCIzAyQChQC&pg=PA213&lpg=PA213&dq=%22The+Freiheitliche+Partei+%C3%96sterreichs:+protest+party+or+governing+party%22&source=bl&ots=IG9OkfBHfj&sig=c2DqRQVPxrtloIaBYjeMaqVa8og&hl=it&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwivqPiRifLTAhXMbFAKHQxJCkEQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q=national%20liberal&f=false |accessdate=}}</ref> but they have recently been joined by a splinter, the [[Alliance for the Future of Austria]]. Germany's [[Free Democratic Party (Germany)|Free Democratic Party]] continues to feature a national-liberal faction,<ref>{{cite book |title=Liberal Parties in Western Europe |last=Kirchner |first=Emil Joseph |year=1988 |publisher=Cambridge |location=Cambridge University Press |isbn=978-0-521-32394-9 |page=214 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9IrE08SV1wEC |accessdate=}}</ref> which holds a consistently [[Euroscepticism|Eurosceptic]] position, differently from the rest of the party.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Taggart |first1=Paul |last2=Szczerbiak |first2=Aleks |title=The Party Politics of Euroscepticism in EU Member and Candidate States |series=SEI Working Paper |volume=51 |page=11 |publisher=Sussex European Institute |doi= |url=http://www.sussex.ac.uk/sei/documents/wp51.pdf |accessdate= }}</ref> In Romania the [[National Liberal Party (Romania)|National Liberal Party]] (PNL), founded in 1875, revived in 1990 and enlarged in 2014, has also been part of the national-liberal tradition. |
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==Footnotes== |
==Footnotes== |
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The term national liberalism was mainly used in German-speaking countries like Germany and Austria during the 19th century,[1][page needed][2][page needed][3][page needed] where "National-Liberal" parties were long in government. It also became influential in nearby countries, like Romania.
In 19th-century Germany believers in national liberalism differed from liberal nationalists in that they believed in a more authoritarian presence in Europe and a strong Germanic Empire. Liberal nationalists, such as Max Weber, were looking towards a democratic Germany in cooperation with the other European powers.[citation needed]
In Austria, national liberalism has remained the basis of one of the three Lager, or ideological camps, in the country. Historically, this has been represented by the Freedom Party,[4] but they have recently been joined by a splinter, the Alliance for the Future of Austria. Germany's Free Democratic Party continues to feature a national-liberal faction,[5] which holds a consistently Eurosceptic position, differently from the rest of the party.[6] In Romania the National Liberal Party (PNL), founded in 1875, revived in 1990 and enlarged in 2014, has also been part of the national-liberal tradition.
Footnotes
- ^ Verlag C.H. Beck, Germany from Napoléon to Bismarck, 1800-1866, Princeton University Press
- ^ Alfred Wahl, Les forces politiques en Allemagne, Armand Colin
- ^ Lucien Calvié, Unité nationale et liberté politique chez quelques libéraux allemands au début des années 30 and Naissance et évolution du libéralisme allemand, in Françoise Knopper et Gilbert Merlio (edited by), Notices politiques et littéraires sur l'Allemagne, Presses Universitaires du Mirail, Paris, 1835
- ^ Luther, K. R. (1988). "The Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs: protest party or governing party". In Kirchner, Emil Joseph (ed.). Liberal Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-521-32394-9.
- ^ Kirchner, Emil Joseph (1988). Liberal Parties in Western Europe. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-521-32394-9.
- ^ Taggart, Paul; Szczerbiak, Aleks. "The Party Politics of Euroscepticism in EU Member and Candidate States" (PDF). SEI Working Paper. 51. Sussex European Institute: 11.
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References
- Verlag Beck, Germany from Napoléon to Bismarck, 1800-1866, Princeton University Press
- Lucien Calvié, Unité nationale et liberté politique chez quelques libéraux allemands au début des années 30 and Naissance et évolution du libéralisme allemand, in Françoise Knopper and Gilbert Merlio (edited by), Notices politiques et littéraires sur l'Allemagne, Presses Universitaires du Mirail, Paris, 1835
- Alfred Wahl, Les forces politiques en Allemagne, Armand Colin