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The day became highly regarded by Serbs after the fourteenth century when the [[Battle of Kosovo]] took place on Saint Vitus Day in 1389.<ref name="Banac">{{cite book |last1=Banac |first1=Ivo |title=The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics |date=1988 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=9780801494932 |page=403 |edition=Second |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zf6tDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA403}}</ref> A Serb-led Christian coalition by [[Prince Lazar]] fought the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman army]] on the [[Kosovo field (region)|Kosovo field]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Norris |first1=David A. |title=Belgrade: A Cultural History |date=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195376081 |page=9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mBUSDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA9}}</ref> Although the battle itself was inconclusive, and both Sultan [[Murad I|Murad]] and Prince Lazar were slain, it led to the Ottoman conquest of Serbian principalities.<ref name="Trbovich">{{cite book |last1=Trbovich |first1=Ana S. |title=A Legal Geography of Yugoslavia's Disintegration |date=2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195333435 |page=70 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ojur7dVoxIcC&pg=PA70}}</ref> After the [[Great Migrations of the Serbs]] in 1690, Vidovdan became a day to honor those who fought in the battle and fell "for their faith and homeland".{{sfn|Velikonja|2003|p=99}} The holiday was institutionalized by the church in 1849 and politically and publicly first celebrated in 1851 as a representation of the struggle for Serbian freedom from Ottoman subjection.{{sfn|Velikonja|2003|p=99}} It slowly achieved popularity with the growth of national identities in Europe in the nineteenth century and came to be known as a day of remembrance. After 1918, the Yugoslav government designated Vidovdan as a day of remembrance to honor all those who died in war, particularly those of the [[Balkan Wars]] and [[World War I]].<ref name="Bokovoy">{{cite book |last1=Bokovoy |first1=Melissa |editor1-last=Bucur |editor1-first=Maria |editor2-last=Meriwether Wingfield |editor2-first=Nancy |title=Staging the Past: The Politics of Commemoration in Habsburg Central Europe, 1848 to the Present |date=2001 |publisher=Purdue University Press |isbn=9781557531612 |page=253 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RJzkg6o_dm4C&pg=PA253}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Boeckh |editor1-first=Katrin |editor2-last=Rutar |editor2-first=Sabine |title=The Balkan Wars from Contemporary Perception to Historic Memory |date=2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319446424 |page=263 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aIXgDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA263}}</ref>
The day became highly regarded by Serbs after the fourteenth century when the [[Battle of Kosovo]] took place on Saint Vitus Day in 1389.<ref name="Banac">{{cite book |last1=Banac |first1=Ivo |title=The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics |date=1988 |publisher=Cornell University Press |isbn=9780801494932 |page=403 |edition=Second |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Zf6tDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA403}}</ref> A Serb-led Christian coalition by [[Prince Lazar]] fought the [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman army]] on the [[Kosovo field (region)|Kosovo field]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Norris |first1=David A. |title=Belgrade: A Cultural History |date=2009 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195376081 |page=9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mBUSDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA9}}</ref> Although the battle itself was inconclusive, and both Sultan [[Murad I|Murad]] and Prince Lazar were slain, it led to the Ottoman conquest of Serbian principalities.<ref name="Trbovich">{{cite book |last1=Trbovich |first1=Ana S. |title=A Legal Geography of Yugoslavia's Disintegration |date=2008 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780195333435 |page=70 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ojur7dVoxIcC&pg=PA70}}</ref> After the [[Great Migrations of the Serbs]] in 1690, Vidovdan became a day to honor those who fought in the battle and fell "for their faith and homeland".{{sfn|Velikonja|2003|p=99}} The holiday was institutionalized by the church in 1849 and politically and publicly first celebrated in 1851 as a representation of the struggle for Serbian freedom from Ottoman subjection.{{sfn|Velikonja|2003|p=99}} It slowly achieved popularity with the growth of national identities in Europe in the nineteenth century and came to be known as a day of remembrance. After 1918, the Yugoslav government designated Vidovdan as a day of remembrance to honor all those who died in war, particularly those of the [[Balkan Wars]] and [[World War I]].<ref name="Bokovoy">{{cite book |last1=Bokovoy |first1=Melissa |editor1-last=Bucur |editor1-first=Maria |editor2-last=Meriwether Wingfield |editor2-first=Nancy |title=Staging the Past: The Politics of Commemoration in Habsburg Central Europe, 1848 to the Present |date=2001 |publisher=Purdue University Press |isbn=9781557531612 |page=253 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RJzkg6o_dm4C&pg=PA253}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Boeckh |editor1-first=Katrin |editor2-last=Rutar |editor2-first=Sabine |title=The Balkan Wars from Contemporary Perception to Historic Memory |date=2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319446424 |page=263 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aIXgDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA263}}</ref>


There are significant events which coincidentally or intentionally occurred on June 28:<ref name="Kühle & Lausten">{{cite book |last1=Kühle |first1=Lene |last2=Lausten |first2=Carsten Bagge |title=Kosovo between War and Peace: Nationalism, Peacebuilding and International Trusteeship |date=2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415459587 |pages=24–26 |url=https://www.routledge.com/Kosovo-between-War-and-Peace-Nationalism-Peacebuilding-and-International/Knudsen-Laustsen/p/book/9780415459587}}</ref><!-- Sources link the following events to Vidovdan -->
There are significant events which coincidentally or intentionally occurred on Vidovdan:<ref name="Kühle & Lausten">{{cite book |last1=Kühle |first1=Lene |last2=Lausten |first2=Carsten Bagge |title=Kosovo between War and Peace: Nationalism, Peacebuilding and International Trusteeship |date=2006 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=9780415459587 |pages=24–26 |url=https://www.routledge.com/Kosovo-between-War-and-Peace-Nationalism-Peacebuilding-and-International/Knudsen-Laustsen/p/book/9780415459587}}</ref><!-- Sources link the following events to Vidovdan -->


* Serbian [[Serbian–Ottoman War (1876–1878)|declaration of war]] against the Ottoman Empire in 1876
* Serbian [[Serbian–Ottoman War (1876–1878)|declaration of war]] against the Ottoman Empire in 1876 (from 1800 to 1899, Vidovdan was celebrated on 15 June Julian = 27 June Gregorian)
* Signing of the [[Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881]]
* Signing of the [[Austro–Serbian Alliance of 1881]] (this occurred on 16 June Julian = 28 June Gregorian, the day after Vidovdan)
* [[assassination in Sarajevo|Assassination]] of the Austro-Hungarian crown prince, [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria|Franz Ferdinand]] by [[Gavrilo Princip]] in 1914 which triggered the [[World War I|First World War]]
* [[assassination in Sarajevo|Assassination]] of the Austro-Hungarian crown prince, [[Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria|Franz Ferdinand]] by [[Gavrilo Princip]] in 1914 which triggered the [[World War I|First World War]] (from 1900 to 2099, Vidovdan is celebrated on 15 June Julian = 28 June Gregorian)
* Signing of the [[Treaty of Versailles]] in 1919
* Signing of the [[Treaty of Versailles]] in 1919
* The Serbian King [[Alexander I of Yugoslavia|Alexander I]]'s proclamation of the new 1921 [[Constitution]] of the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]], known thereafter as the [[Vidovdan Constitution]] (''Vidovdanski ustav'').
* The Serbian King [[Alexander I of Yugoslavia|Alexander I]]'s proclamation of the new 1921 [[Constitution]] of the [[Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes]], known thereafter as the [[Vidovdan Constitution]] (''Vidovdanski ustav'').
* The [[Tito–Stalin split|Cominform Resolution]] calling for regime change in Yugoslavia is published in 1948 on Soviet initiative.
* The [[Tito–Stalin split|Cominform Resolution]] calling for regime change in Yugoslavia is published in 1948 on Soviet initiative.
* On the 600th anniversary of the battle of Kosovo, Serbian leader [[Slobodan Milošević]] delivered the [[Gazimestan speech]] on the site of the battle. This was the first public celebration of Vidovdan since the Yugoslav communist era.<ref name="Kühle & Lausten" />
* On the 600th anniversary of the battle of Kosovo (1989), Serbian leader [[Slobodan Milošević]] delivered the [[Gazimestan speech]] on the site of the battle. This was the first public celebration of Vidovdan since the Yugoslav communist era.<ref name="Kühle & Lausten" />


Beginning in the late 19th century, Serbian publications began to appear in Serbian literature promoting the idea that the holiday originated from the Slavic god [[Svetovit]]. The first to put forth such a view was [[Natko Nodilo]], who attributed the cult of Svetovit to all Slavs, whose worship in Serbia was later deliberately replaced by that of a saint with a similar name. This view was supported by some later researchers. However, it is generally believed that the cult of Svetovit existed only among the [[Polabian Slavs]] and that Vidovdan has nothing to do with this god, and that linking the deity to the holiday is a creation of [[romanticism]].{{Sfn|Miodrag|2007|p=47-49}}{{Sfn|Katičić|2010|p=}}
Beginning in the late 19th century, Serbian publications began to appear in Serbian literature promoting the idea that the holiday originated from the Slavic god [[Svetovit]]. The first to put forth such a view was [[Natko Nodilo]], who attributed the cult of Svetovit to all Slavs, whose worship in Serbia was later deliberately replaced by that of a saint with a similar name. This view was supported by some later researchers. However, it is generally believed that the cult of Svetovit existed only among the [[Polabian Slavs]] and that Vidovdan has nothing to do with this god, and that linking the deity to the holiday is a creation of [[romanticism]].{{Sfn|Miodrag|2007|p=47-49}}{{Sfn|Katičić|2010|p=}}

Revision as of 21:41, 27 June 2024

For the Christian holiday, see St. Vitus Day.

Vidovdan
2009 Vidovdan celebration at Gazimestan monument
Observed bySerbs (Serbian Orthodox)
ObservancesFeast day
Date28 June (Gregorian calendar)
15 June (Julian calendar)
FrequencyAnnual
Related toSlava

Vidovdan (Serbian Cyrillic: Видовдан, lit. "Saint Vitus Day") is a Serbian national and religious holiday, a slava (feast day) celebrated on 28 June (Gregorian calendar), or 15 June according to the Julian calendar. The Serbian Church designates it as the memorial day to Saint Prince Lazar and the Serbian holy martyrs who fell during the Battle of Kosovo against the Ottoman Empire on 15 June 1389 (according to the Julian calendar). It is an important part of Serb ethnic and Serbian national identity.[1]

History

British wartime poster promoting solidarity and friendship with the Serbian allies during the Serbian Campaign of World War I

The day became highly regarded by Serbs after the fourteenth century when the Battle of Kosovo took place on Saint Vitus Day in 1389.[2] A Serb-led Christian coalition by Prince Lazar fought the Ottoman army on the Kosovo field.[3] Although the battle itself was inconclusive, and both Sultan Murad and Prince Lazar were slain, it led to the Ottoman conquest of Serbian principalities.[4] After the Great Migrations of the Serbs in 1690, Vidovdan became a day to honor those who fought in the battle and fell "for their faith and homeland".[5] The holiday was institutionalized by the church in 1849 and politically and publicly first celebrated in 1851 as a representation of the struggle for Serbian freedom from Ottoman subjection.[5] It slowly achieved popularity with the growth of national identities in Europe in the nineteenth century and came to be known as a day of remembrance. After 1918, the Yugoslav government designated Vidovdan as a day of remembrance to honor all those who died in war, particularly those of the Balkan Wars and World War I.[6][7]

There are significant events which coincidentally or intentionally occurred on Vidovdan:[8]

Beginning in the late 19th century, Serbian publications began to appear in Serbian literature promoting the idea that the holiday originated from the Slavic god Svetovit. The first to put forth such a view was Natko Nodilo, who attributed the cult of Svetovit to all Slavs, whose worship in Serbia was later deliberately replaced by that of a saint with a similar name. This view was supported by some later researchers. However, it is generally believed that the cult of Svetovit existed only among the Polabian Slavs and that Vidovdan has nothing to do with this god, and that linking the deity to the holiday is a creation of romanticism.[9][10]

References

  1. ^ Đorđević 1990.
  2. ^ Banac, Ivo (1988). The National Question in Yugoslavia: Origins, History, Politics (Second ed.). Cornell University Press. p. 403. ISBN 9780801494932.
  3. ^ Norris, David A. (2009). Belgrade: A Cultural History. Oxford University Press. p. 9. ISBN 9780195376081.
  4. ^ Trbovich, Ana S. (2008). A Legal Geography of Yugoslavia's Disintegration. Oxford University Press. p. 70. ISBN 9780195333435.
  5. ^ a b Velikonja 2003, p. 99.
  6. ^ Bokovoy, Melissa (2001). Bucur, Maria; Meriwether Wingfield, Nancy (eds.). Staging the Past: The Politics of Commemoration in Habsburg Central Europe, 1848 to the Present. Purdue University Press. p. 253. ISBN 9781557531612.
  7. ^ Boeckh, Katrin; Rutar, Sabine, eds. (2017). The Balkan Wars from Contemporary Perception to Historic Memory. Springer. p. 263. ISBN 9783319446424.
  8. ^ a b Kühle, Lene; Lausten, Carsten Bagge (2006). Kosovo between War and Peace: Nationalism, Peacebuilding and International Trusteeship. Routledge. pp. 24–26. ISBN 9780415459587.
  9. ^ Miodrag 2007, p. 47-49.
  10. ^ Katičić 2010.

Sources

External links

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