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Revision as of 11:25, 24 July 2014

Malaysia Airlines Flight 17
9M-MRD, the aircraft involved in the incident, at Rome Fiumicino Airport in October 2011
Incident
Date17 July 2014 (2014-07-17)
SummaryShot down, possibly by a Buk surface-to-air missile[1][2][3][4] (still under investigation)[5]
SiteNear Hrabove, Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine
48°8′17″N 38°38′20″E / 48.13806°N 38.63889°E / 48.13806; 38.63889
Aircraft
Aircraft typeBoeing 777-200ER
OperatorMalaysia Airlines
Registration9M-MRD
Flight originAmsterdam Airport Schiphol
DestinationKuala Lumpur International Airport
Passengers283
Crew15
Fatalities298
Survivors0

Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 (MH17/MAS17)[a] was a scheduled international passenger flight from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur that crashed on 17 July 2014.[7] The plane is believed to have been shot down with a Buk surface-to-air missile.[8] The Boeing 777-200ER airliner went down near Hrabove in Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, about 50 km (31 mi) from the Ukraine–Russia border,[9] killing all 283 passengers and 15 crew on board.[10][11] The crash occurred in the conflict zone of the ongoing Donbass insurgency, in an area controlled by the Donbass People's Militia.

The two sides in Ukraine's ongoing conflict (the Ukrainian government and the pro-Russian separatists) accused each other of shooting down the plane while denying their own responsibility.[12][13] A Ukrainian Interior Ministry official, Anton Gerashchenko, said a Buk surface-to-air missile hit the aircraft at an altitude of 10,000 m (33,000 ft).[14] Several witnesses in Torez reported sightings of what appeared to be a Buk missile launcher on the day of the incident.[15] Unnamed US intelligence officials stated that sensors that traced the path of the missile, shrapnel patterns in the wreckage, voice print analysis of separatists' conversations in which they claimed credit for the strike, and photos and other data from social media sites all indicated that Russian-backed separatists had fired the missile.[16]

The crash of MH17 marks the fifth Boeing 777 hull loss, and the third within a year.[17] With 298 deaths, MH17 is the deadliest air incident in Ukraine, and the deadliest airliner shootdown in history.[18] The crash was Malaysia Airlines' worst incident and its second of the year, after the disappearance of Flight 370 (9M-MRO) on 8 March, en route to Beijing from Kuala Lumpur.

Aircraft

Flight 17 was operated with a Boeing 777-2H6ER,[b] serial number 28411, registration 9M-MRD.[19] The 84th Boeing 777 produced, it first flew on 17 July 1997, exactly 17 years before the incident, and was delivered new to Malaysia Airlines on 29 July 1997.[20] Employing two Rolls-Royce Trent 892 engines and configured to carry 282 passengers (35 business and 247 economy), the aircraft had logged more than 43,000 hours of flight time, including 6,950 cycles, before the crash.[20][21]

Aviation experts say the Boeing 777, which entered commercial service on 7 June 1995, has one of the best safety records in commercial aircraft. As of June 2014, there were about 1,200 aircraft in service, with 340 more on order.[22]

Passengers and crew

People on board by nationality[23][24]
Nation Number
(boarding
passport)		 Dual nationality
(boarded with
other passport)
 Australia[25][c][d] 27 1
 Belgium[e] 4 1
 Canada[f][30] 1 0
 Germany[g] 4 0
 Indonesia 12 0
 Ireland[h] 0 1
 Israel[i][31] 0 1
 Italy[j][32] 0 1
 Malaysia[k] 43 0
 Netherlands[l] 193 1
 New Zealand[m] 1 1
 Philippines 3 0
 Romania[n][33] 0 1
 South Africa[o] 0 1
 United Kingdom[p] 10 0
 United States[q] 0 1
 Vietnam[r][34] 0 3
Total 298

All 283 passengers and 15 crew died.[35][36][37] The crew were Malaysian and about two-thirds of the passengers were Dutch.[23][38][39] By 19 July, the airline had determined the nationalities of all 298 passengers and crew.[23] The nationalities are noted in the table to the right. The nationalities declared on boarding the flight and released by the airline are noted in the second column. The third column reports the further nationality of passengers, reported in the second column, who had dual citizenship.

Among the passengers were delegates en route to the 20th International AIDS Conference in Melbourne, including Joep Lange, a former president of the International AIDS Society, which organized the conference.[40][41][42] Many initial reports erroneously indicated 100 attendees of the conference were aboard but this was later revised to six.[43] Also on board were Dutch senator Willem Witteveen,[44] Australian author Liam Davison,[45] and Malaysian actress Shuba Jay.[46]

At least twenty family groups were on board the aircraft, and eighty of the passengers were children.[47][48] An Australian family lost relatives on both MH17 and Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, which disappeared four months earlier.[49]

Background

The first airlines to avoid Ukrainian airspace were Korean Air and Asiana Airlines, which started to do so on 3 March 2014, in the wake of the 2014 Crimean crisis.[50] In April, the International Civil Aviation Organization warned governments that there was a risk to commercial passenger flights over Ukraine. The US Federal Aviation Administration issued restrictions on flights over Crimea, to the south of MH17's route, and advised airlines flying over the remainder of Ukraine to "exercise extreme caution".[51][52] Aeroflot, Lufthansa, Singapore Airlines, and others continued overflying eastern Ukraine until after MH17 was shot down.[53] As with other countries, Ukraine receives overflight fees for every commercial aircraft that flies through its airspace, which may have contributed to the continued availability of civilian flight paths through the conflict zone.[54]

Since the start of the conflict, several Ukrainian Air Force aeroplanes have been downed. On 14 June, an Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 aircraft was shot down on approach to Luhansk International Airport; all 49 people on board died. After that incident, on 29 June, Russian news agencies reported that insurgents had gained access to a Buk missile system after having taken control of a Ukrainian air defence base (possibly the former location of the 156th Anti-Aircraft Rocket Regiment (156 zrp), Ukrainian Air Force).[55][56][57] On the same day, the Donetsk People's Republic claimed possession of such a system in a since-deleted tweet.[56][58] On 14 July, a Ukrainian Air Force An-26 transport plane flying at 6,400 metres (21,000 ft) was shot down, reportedly using a Buk missile system.[59][60] American officials later said evidence suggested the aeroplane had been shot down from Russian territory.[61] On 16 July, a Sukhoi Su-25 close air support aircraft was shot down. The Ukrainian government said the Russian military had shot down the aircraft with an air-to-air missile fired by a MiG-29 jet in Russia; a spokesman for the Russian defence ministry rejected that report as "absurd".[62][63][64] Ukrainian officials advised pilots on 1 July not to fly below 7,900 metres (26,000 ft) over eastern Ukraine.[65] This was increased to 9,800 metres (32,000 ft) on 14 July.[65]

On 15 July, following his visit to Kiev, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs Radosław Sikorski warned about the dangers posed by the continued Russian military support for pro-Russian separatists, especially ground-to-air missiles.[66] By 17 July, Russia had closed more than a dozen airways at various altitudes near the conflict zone.[67] On the same day, an unnamed Associated Press journalist saw a Buk launcher in Snizhne, a town in Donetsk Oblast that is approximately 16 kilometres (10 mi) southeast of the crash site. The reporter also saw seven separatist tanks at a petrol station near the town.[68]

The airspace above Donetsk Oblast had been closed by Ukraine on 1 July 2014 below 26,000 feet (7,900 m), and on 14 July 2014 below 32,000 feet (9,800 m).[69] The route in Russian airspace that MH17 would have taken was closed below 32,000 feet (9,800 m) by Russian air control a few hours earlier, before MH17 took off.[70] According to Malaysia Airlines, MH17 filed an IFR flight plan requesting to fly at a cruising altitude of 35,000 feet (11,000 m), but was directed to 33,000 feet (10,000 m).[71] The aircraft entered Ukrainian airspace climbing through 32,000 feet (9,800 m), and climbed to 33,000 feet (10,000 m) during its transition across the Kiev flight information region.[72]

Crash

Route of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17
Location of crash site; departure and destination airports
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
Crash site
Crash site
Kuala Lumpur International Airport
Kuala Lumpur International Airport
class=notpageimage|
Location of crash site; departure and destination airports
A mobile Buk surface-to-air missile launcher, similar to that believed to have been used in the incident

Flight 17 departed from Amsterdam Airport Schiphol Gate G03 at 12:14 CEST (10:14 UTC).[73] It was due to arrive at Kuala Lumpur International Airport at 06:00, 18 July MYT (22:00, 17 July UTC).[s]

According to the International Air Transport Association, the aircraft was in unrestricted airspace when it lost contact.[78][79] Eurocontrol stated that at the time of the crash MH17 was at flight level 330 (33,000 feet or 10,060 metres), above restricted airspace.[80]

Malaysia Airlines released a statement saying "it received notification from Ukrainian ATC that it had lost contact with flight MH17 at 1415 (GMT)[t] at 30 km (19 mi) from [the] TAMAK waypoint (47°51′24″N 39°13′6″E / 47.85667°N 39.21833°E / 47.85667; 39.21833[81]), approximately 50 km (31 mi) from the Russia–Ukraine border" (TAMAK waypoint is on the Russia–Ukraine border[82]) and that "according to information provided by Kiev Air Traffic Control, the location of the plane's emergency locator beacon is 48 degrees 7 minutes and 23 seconds North; and 38 degrees 31 minutes and 33 seconds East".[83] The position was recorded at 13:20 UTC as N48.0887 E38.6359 at 30,000 ft, 490kts.[84][85]

The plane crashed outside Hrabove, near Torez in eastern Ukraine's Donetsk Oblast.[9] The moment at which a fireball rose due to the impact was captured on a video clip.[86]

Flightradar24 reported that a Singapore Airlines Boeing 777-200ER (Flight SQ351) and an Air India Boeing 787-8 (Flight AI113) were each about 25 km (16 mi) away from the Malaysian airliner when it disappeared.[87]

Photographs from the site of the crash show scattered pieces of broken fuselage and engine parts, as well as bodies and passports.[88] Some of the wreckage fell close to houses in Hrabove.[89] Dozens of bodies fell into crop fields, some into houses.[90]

On the evening of 17 July, the lifenews.ru portal released a statement saying that a Ukrainian Air Force An-26 transport plane was shot down by a rocket and crashed.[91] ITAR-TASS and RIA Novosti had also reported that an An-26 had been shot down by the militia near Torez at around 16:00 local time.[92][93]

Aftermath

As a result of the incident, Ukraine closed all routes in the Eastern Ukraine airspace, at all altitudes.[80] Airlines including Aeroflot, Transaero, Air France, Turkish Airlines, Virgin Atlantic, Lufthansa, and S7 Airlines announced their intention to instruct pilots to bypass Ukrainian airspace.[94]

Shortly after the crash, it was announced that Malaysia Airlines would retire flight number MH17 and change the Amsterdam–Kuala Lumpur route to flight number MH19 beginning on 25 July.[95][96] On 18 July 2014, shares in Malaysia Airlines had dropped by nearly 16%.[97]

There have been reports that credit and debit cards may have been looted from the bodies of the victims, and the Dutch Banking Association reported that it would take "preventative measures" against possible fraud.[98] There are also accounts of corpses and their possessions being removed and evidence at the crash site being destroyed.[99][100]

On 23 July, two Ukrainian military jets were hit by missiles at the altitude of 5,200 metres close to the area of the MH17 crash. According to the Ukraine Security Council, the missiles came from Russia.[101]

Investigation

Map of the crash of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17. The dots represent population centres, with larger dots having greater population.[102]
   (line) – The route of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17
  Approximate area of missile launch according to U.S.[u]
  Extent of territory held by pro-Russian insurgents according to Ukraine

On the day of the crash, a meeting was convened of the Trilateral Contact Group (consisting of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), the Ukrainian national government, and Russia). After they had held a video conference with representatives of insurgents affiliated with the Donetsk People's Republic (who control the area where the plane crashed), the rebels promised to "provide safe access and security guarantees" to "the national investigation commission" by co-operating with Ukrainian authorities and OSCE monitors.[103] During the first two days of investigation, the militants prevented the OSCE and other international observers from freely working at the crash site. According to the Ukrainian government, the separatists were destroying all evidence of the crime "with the help of Russia", including moving 38 bodies to Donetsk.[104] Andre Purgin, a leader of the Donetsk People's Republic, declared later that "we will guarantee the safety of international experts on the scene as soon as Kiev concludes a ceasefire agreement".[105]

An international investigation team will examine why the plane crashed. By request of Ukrainian government, the Netherlands will co-ordinate the investigation on site.[106] A Malaysian team of 133 officials and experts, comprising of search and recovery personnel, forensics experts, technical and medical experts is in Ukraine.[107] The United Kingdom sent investigators from the Air Accidents Investigation Branch to retrieve the black boxes for data analysis by Dutch and Ukrainian teams.[108][109] The UK Foreign Office has sent extra consular staff to Ukraine.[108] Australia has sent a 45-member probe panel headed by former Air Chief Marshal Angus Houston, who had earlier supervised the MH 370 probe.[110] A senior US administration official said to ABC News that FBI and NTSB officials are poised to head to Ukraine to advise the investigation.[111]

Shortly after the crash, Igor Girkin, leader of the Donbass separatists, was reported to have posted on social media network VKontakte, taking credit for downing a Ukrainian military aircraft. The separatists later recanted and denied involvement after learning that a civilian airliner had been downed, saying they did not have the equipment or training to hit a target at that altitude.[112][113][114] On 22 July an Italian reporter cited a soldier from "Oplot" separatist squadron who confirmed the plane was shot down by his unit after it was mistakenly identified as a Ukrainian airborne transporter.[115]

On 18 July, it was reported that the flight recorder had been recovered by separatists.[116] On the same day, the head of Donetsk Regional State Administration, Kostiantyn Batozky, stated that the two black boxes had been found.[117] Rebels said later that two boxes were moved to Donetsk.[118] According to a phone conversation intercepted by Ukrainian intelligence, the militants were given the task of keeping all evidence, including black boxes, away from anyone else.[119]

On 21 July, Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak said that he had been told by Alexander Borodai, leader of the Donetsk People's Republic, that the black boxes would be handed over to Malaysian authorities.[120][121] Later that day, the Flight Data Recorder and the Cockpit Voice Recorder were handed over to Malaysian officials in Donetsk by rebels. The Malaysians reported that both recorders were "in good condition".[122] The black boxes are currently being examined by the UK Air Accidents Investigation Branch.[123][124]

Cause

Both US and Ukrainian officials declared that a surface-to-air missile strike is the most likely cause of the crash.[125] If this is true, it was most likely fired from a mobile Soviet-designed Buk missile system (known as an SA-11 "Gadfly" to NATO),[126][127] as this is the only surface-to-air missile system in the area capable of reaching the altitude of commercial air traffic.[128] According to defence analyst Reed Foster, the contour of the aluminium and the blistering of the paint around many of the holes on the aircraft fragments indicate that small pieces of high-velocity shrapnel entered the aircraft externally, a damage pattern indicative of a SA-11.[129] Concurring with that, ballistics specialist Stephan Fruhling added that a large hole in one of the aircraft fragments was caused by a massive blast of escaping pressure from holes inflicted by hot shrapnel from a SA-11 warhead.[130]

External audio
audio icon Pro-Russian rebels allegedly discuss the shooting down of an aircraft Intercepted phone calls, verified with voice recognition by the National Security Agency,[131] between rebels discussing which rebel group shot down the aircraft and initial reports it was a civilian aircraft. Audio (in Russian) released by Security Service of Ukraine with English subtitles.

On 19 July, Vitaly Nayda, the chief of the Counter Intelligence Department of the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU), told a news conference: "We have compelling evidence that this terrorist act was committed with the help of the Russian Federation. We know clearly that the crew of this system were Russian citizens."[132][133][134] He cited what he said were recorded conversations in which separatists expressed satisfaction to Russian intelligence agents that they brought down an aeroplane.[135] The separatists denied that the recorded talks were related to the crash of MH17 and blamed the Ukrainian government for shooting down the plane.[12][13][136]

On 21 July, the Russian Defence Ministry held a press conference and said that just before the crash, a Ukrainian Su-25 ground-attack aircraft approached to within 3 to 5 kilometres (1.9 to 3.1 mi) of the Malaysian airliner, well within range of the R-60 air-to-air missile it is capable of carrying. The Ministry also stated that satellite photographs showed that the Ukrainian army moved a Buk SAM battery to the area close to the territory controlled by the rebels the morning of 17 July, just hours before the crash. They said the installation was then moved away again by 18 July.[137][138]

The US government said that measurement and signature intelligence satellites of the Infrared Space Systems Directorate and the Defense Support Program detected the infrared signature of the missile strike upon flight MH17.[139][140] The US government said that analysis of the launch plume and trajectory suggested the missile was fired from an area between Torez and Snizhne.[61] These satellites are also likely to have registered the heat signature of the launch of the missile, and the activation of the missile launcher tracking radar.[141]

An anonymous US intelligence official stated that Malaysia Airlines Flight MH17 may have been shot down by "mistake" by pro-Russian separatists, citing evidence that suggests separatists launched a SA-11 surface-to-air missile that blew up the Malaysian airliner, but US intelligence "has no explicit proof that Russians were with the SA-11 unit that fired on the airliner". The official dismissed Russian allegations that MH17 took evasive action in the air and said the claim that the Ukrainian government had shot down MH17 was not realistic, as Kiev had no such missile systems in that area.[142] US intelligence officials also claim that Russia was attempting to disguise the flow of weaponry it was delivering to the rebels by sending older weapons that matched Ukraine's inventory.[16]

In an interview with Reuters on 23 July 2014, Alexander Khodakovsky, a pro-Russian separatist, reportedly acknowledged that the separatists had an anti-aircraft missile of the type the US has said was used to shoot down the plane, and that it could have been sent back subsequently to Russia, to remove proof of its presence;[143][144][145] he later told Russian news agency Life News that he had been misquoted and that rebels do not have and have never had a Buk.[146]

Recovery of casualties

First arrival of bodies at Eindhoven Airport.
Convoy of 40 hearses heading to Hilversum, while other traffic stopped.

A Ukraine Foreign Ministry representative said that the bodies found at the crash site would be taken to Kharkiv for identification, a city 270 kilometres (170 mi) to the north. By 18 July 181 of the 298 bodies had been found.[147]

On 19 July, Andriy Lysenko, the spokesman of the National Security and Defence Council of Ukraine, said that the insurgents removed 38 bodies from the crash site to extract from them parts of the missile used to shoot down the plane, and to destroy the evidence.[148]

Al Jazeera reported that the separatist Minister of Health had initially confirmed 38 bodies had been moved to the Donetsk morgue, which the minister subsequently recanted.[149] Bodies were observed being moved, placed in body bags, and loaded on to lorries.[150][151][152]

Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte announced his shock about the lack of respect shown to the personal belongings which were reportedly looted. He initially announced his disgust about the handling of the bodies of the casualties that were reportedly being "dragged around" and "thrown", but later stated the bodies were handled with more care than originally estimated.[153][154] On 20 July, Ukrainian emergency workers, observed by armed separatists, began loading the remains of the passengers of MH17 into refrigerated railway wagons for transport and identification.[155]

On 21 July, pro-Russian rebels allowed Dutch investigators to examine the bodies. By this time, 272 bodies had been recovered.[156] Remains left Torez on a train on the evening of 21 July, en route to Kharkiv to be flown to the Netherlands for identification.[120][157] On the same day, Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak announced that the Malaysian government had reached a tentative agreement to retrieve the remains of the Malaysians who died in the crash, following any necessary forensic work.[121][158]

It was reported on 21 July that with 282 bodies and 87 body fragments found, there were still 16 bodies left unrecovered.[159] An agreement has been reached that the Netherlands will co-ordinate the identification effort. All remains will be moved to the Netherlands with Dutch air force C-130 and Australian C-17 transport planes.[160][161] A train carrying the bodies arrived at the Malyshev Factory, Kharkiv on 22 July,[162] with the first remains to be flown to Eindhoven on 23 July.[163] The investigation will be conducted at the Netherlands Army medical regiment training facility in Hilversum by an international team.[164] The British Metropolitan Police is liaising with international partners to send specialist officers to assist with the recovery, identification and repatriation of those who died.[108]

Dutch authorities revealed on 23 July that there were only 200 bodies on the refrigerated train that arrived at Kharkhiv, leaving almost 100 unaccounted for.[165] Two Dutch and one Australian aircraft flew the first bodies out of Kharviv later that day. The aircraft landed at Eindhoven Airport in the Netherlands just before 16:00 local time.[166]

Reactions

Countries

Australia Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott said in an address to parliament that the aircraft was downed by a missile which seems to have been launched by Russian-backed rebels.[167] Julie Bishop, the Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs said in an interview on an Australian television programme that it was "extraordinary" that her Russian counterparts have refused to speak to her over the shoot-down after the Russian ambassador was summoned to meet her.[167] The Russian government was critical of Abbott's response; Abbott was one of the first world leaders to publicly connect the shoot-down to Russia.[168] Abbott later criticized the recovery efforts as "shambolic", and "more like a garden clean-up than a forensic investigation"; Bishop publicly warned separatist forces against treating the victims' bodies as hostages.[169]

Malaysia Malaysian Deputy Foreign Minister Hamzah Zainuddin said that the foreign ministry would be working with the Russian and Ukrainian governments with regard to the incident.[170] Prime Minister Najib Razak later said that Malaysia was unable to verify the cause of the crash and demanded that the perpetrators be punished.[171] The Malaysian government flew the national flag at half-mast from 18 July until 21 July.[172]

Netherlands Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte and King Willem-Alexander voiced their shock at the crash,[173][174] and Minister of Foreign Affairs Frans Timmermans joined the Dutch investigation team sent to Ukraine.[175] Dutch government buildings flew the flag at half-mast on 18 July.[176] Music was cancelled and festivities were toned down on the last day of the Nijmegen Marches.[177] Wednesday 23 July, the day when the first victims will arrive in the country, has been declared a national day of mourning, the first such day in the Netherlands since 1962.[178] On 21 July the Netherlands opened a war crimes investigation on the downing of the aircraft. The country's prosecutor is in Ukraine for that purpose. Rutte also threatened tough action against Russia if it did not help in the investigation.[179]

Russia Russian President Vladimir Putin said that Ukraine must bear responsibility for the incident which happened in its territory, which he said would not have happened if hostilities had not resumed in the southeast of Ukraine.[9][180][181] He also said that it was important to refrain from making any hasty conclusions and politicized statements before the end of the investigation. He said that Russia would help an international inquiry led by the ICAO.[182] On 19 July the Russian Ministry of Defence announced "10 questions to the Ukrainian government" regarding the incident.[183][184]

Ukraine Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko labelled the crash as a product of an act of terrorism, and also called for an international investigation into the crash.[185]

United Kingdom The British government requested an emergency meeting of the United Nations Security Council and called an emergency Cobra meeting after the incident.[186][187]

United States United States President Barack Obama said the US would help determine the cause.[9] In a press statement, White House spokesman Josh Earnest called for an immediate ceasefire in Ukraine to allow for a full investigation.[188] Vice-President Joe Biden said the plane appeared to have been deliberately shot down, and offered US assistance for the investigation into the crash.[181] US Ambassador to the United Nations Samantha Power called on Russia to end the war.[3]

Organizations

  • Commander of the Donbass People's Militia Igor Girkin was quoted as stating that "a significant number of the bodies weren't fresh". He followed up by saying "Ukrainian authorities are capable of any baseness"; and also said that blood serum and medications were found in the plane's remnants in large quantities.[189][190]
  • The European Union's representatives José Manuel Barroso and Herman Van Rompuy released a joint statement calling for immediate and thorough investigation.[191] The EU officials also said that Ukraine has first claim on the plane's black boxes.[192]

Memorials

A makeshift memorial at Amsterdam Schiphol Airport, Netherlands for victims of flight MH17

Since the crash, memorial services have been held in Australia[194] and in the Netherlands, which declared a national day of mourning.[195] The opening ceremony of the AIDS 2014 conference, of which several delegates were on board flight MH17, began with a tribute to the victims of the crash.[196] In Malaysia, makeshift memorials were created in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur.[197]

Media coverage

See also: Media portrayal of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine

Media coverage of the crash in Russia has differed from coverage by other unaffiliated media.[198] On 22 July a US official claimed: "We are seeing a full-court press by the Russian government to instruct affiliated or friendly elements to manipulate the media environment to spread Russia's version of the story."[16]

Initially, the Kremlin-funded[199] outlet RT said that the plane was shot down by Ukraine in a failed attempt to assassinate Vladimir Putin, in a plot which was organized by Ukraine's "Western backers".[200] Other theories propagated by Russian media include: an allegation that the Ukrainians shot down the plane in a botched attempt at mass murder of Russian citizens; that Ukrainian air traffic controllers purposefully redirected the flight to fly over the war zone; and that the Ukrainian government organized the attack on the plane to bring infamy upon the pro-Russian rebels.[201]

Sara Firth, a correspondent with RT, for which she had worked for over the previous five years, resigned in protest at the channel's coverage which she described as "shockingly obvious misinformation".[202] RT issued a statement after Firth went public with reasons for her resignation, saying "we were not surprised by Sara Firth's decision to leave RT after five years as a Moscow and London correspondent, as she has recently informed us that she was likely to take an offer from another firm".[203]

On 18 July, The Daily Telegraph, along with other sources,[204][205] reported that the Russian government agencies had modified or deleted information on Russian Wikipedia pages relating to the MH17 incident, to remove statements that it helped provide the missile system used to shoot down the aircraft. The Toronto Star also reported that an IP address associated with Putin's office also made edits to the article.[206] Among the pages that were said to have been edited was the Russian version of an article listing civil aviation incidents, to say that "the plane [Flight MH17] was shot down by Ukrainian soldiers".[207] Russia's Kremlin stated in a press conference that a Ukrainian Su-25 was seen following flight MH17.[208] The Su-25 has a combat ceiling much lower that of MH17's last recorded altitude, and as a ground attack aircraft it does not have radar systems to intercept other aircraft.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ MH is the IATA designator and MAS is the ICAO designator. The flight is also marketed as KLM Flight 4103 (KL4103) through a codeshare agreement.[6]
  2. ^ The aircraft is a Boeing 777-200ER (for Extended Range) model; Boeing assigns a unique customer code for each company that buys one of its aircraft, which is applied as an infix in the model number at the time the aircraft is built. The code for Malaysia Airlines is "H6", hence "777-2H6ER".
  3. ^ The Australian death toll was 37, of whom 28 were citizens and 9 were permanent residents. Including:
    • Dual Australian-Irish citizen boarding with Australian passport; and
    • 1 dual Malaysian-Australian citizen boarding with Malaysian passport.[26]
  4. ^ Citizens by state and territory:[27]
  5. ^ Including:
    • 4 Belgian citizens; and
    • 1 dual Dutch-Belgian citizen boarding with Dutch passport.
  6. ^ Dual Canadian-Romanian citizen boarding with Canadian passport.
  7. ^ Including:
    • 1 dual German-Dutch citizen
  8. ^ Dual Australian-Irish citizen boarding with Australian passport.
  9. ^ Dual Dutch-Israeli citizen boarding with Dutch passport.
  10. ^ Dual Dutch-Italian citizen boarding with Dutch passport.
  11. ^ Including:
    • 15 crew members; and
    • 1 dual Malaysian-Australian citizen.[26]
  12. ^ Including:
    • 1 dual Dutch-Hong Konger citizen;
    • 1 dual Dutch-Israeli citizen;
    • 1 dual Dutch-Italian citizen;
    • 1 dual Dutch-American citizen;
    • 3 dual Dutch-Vietnamese citizens; and
    • 1 dual German-Dutch citizen;
  13. ^ Including:
    • 1 Australian permanent resident New Zealand citizen; and
    • 1 dual British-New Zealand citizen boarding with British passport.
  14. ^ Dual Canadian-Romanian citizen boarding with Canadian passport.
  15. ^ Dual British-South African citizen boarding with British passport.
  16. ^ Including:
    • 1 dual British-South African citizen; and
    • 1 dual British-New Zealand citizen.
  17. ^ Dual Dutch-American citizen boarding with Dutch passport.
  18. ^ Dual Dutch-Vietnamese citizens boarding with Dutch passports.
  19. ^ The Wall Street Journal cited a report from FlightAware which stated that 17 July was the first day in July that Flight 17 flew so far north over eastern Ukraine; on the previous 16 days it "appeared to fly just south of the restricted airspace, according to FlightAware".[65] FlightAware has no coverage over Ukraine;[74] and all of the track reported for MH17 on the previous day's flight beyond 51°10′23″N 24°23′55″E / 51.17306°N 24.39861°E / 51.17306; 24.39861 is based on estimates.[75] Another tracking site, Flightradar24, shows that MH17 consistently flew over separatist held areas, between Donetsk and Horlivka, in the previous 16 days.[76] Nico Voorbach, president of the European Cockpit Association, believed that poor weather on the usual southerly route on 17 July prompted the diversion.[77]
  20. ^ The time stated by Malaysia Airlines is erroneous; the correct time should be 13:15(UTC) or 14:15 (WEST).
  21. ^ "A United States official said the missile that shot down the plane was launched from a region near the towns of Torez and Snizhne"[3]

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