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The '''Security and Intelligence Division''' (abbreviation: '''SID''') is the external [[intelligence agency]] of [[Singapore]] responsible for gathering and analysing intelligence related to the country's external security.<ref name="Ethos2006">{{cite journal|url=http://www.cscollege.gov.sg/Knowledge/Ethos/Issue%204%20Oct%202005/Pages/03Reflection.pdf|title=Reflections on Thirty-Five Years of Public Service: From Espionage to Babies|journal= Ethos| date= January 2006|accessdate=14 September 2013}}</ref> Although it is located within the [[Ministry of Defence (Singapore)|Ministry of Defence]], it has a certain independence in that it is not under the control of either of the [[Permanent Secretary|Permanent Secretaries]] of Defence.<ref name=DSO>{{cite web|url=http://www.dso.org.sg/home/publications/comm/3-Creation.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503020830/http://www.dso.org.sg/home/publications/comm/3-Creation.pdf|dead-url=yes|archive-date=3 May 2006|title=Present At The Creation|accessdate=31 March 2011|publisher=Defence Science Organisation}}</ref> It is also highly secretive as most of its personnel are known only to Singapore's top officials.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}} The SID is led by a Director, who holds the rank of Permanent Secretary and reports directly to the [[Prime Minister's Office (Singapore)|Prime Minister's Office]] (PMO).<ref>{{cite web|title=Video: Building Security Partnerships in Asia (Chee Wee Kiong)|url=http://blip.tv/csis/building-security-partnerships-in-asia-chee-wee-kiong-5954576|publisher=Blip|accessdate=7 April 2014}}</ref> Back in the 1970s, the Director reported directly to the Defence Minister. According to a 1975 article in ''[[The Straits Times]]'', the SID had the post of Deputy Director, which was held by Lim Chye Heng at the time.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chye Heng named ISD acting director|url=http://newspapers.nl.sg/Digitised/Article.aspx?articleid=straitstimes19750104.2.47&sessionid=d18ac3e2448445bd913cb5672599008b&keyword=%22security+and+intelligence+division%22&lang=en&token=and%2csecurity%2cdivision%2cintelligence|accessdate=19 January 2014|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=4 January 1975|page=8}}</ref> It is not known whether this post still exists.
The '''Security and Intelligence Division''' (abbreviation: '''SID''') is the external [[intelligence agency]] of [[Singapore]] responsible for gathering and analysing intelligence related to the country's external security.<ref name="Ethos2006">{{cite journal|url=http://www.cscollege.gov.sg/Knowledge/Ethos/Issue%204%20Oct%202005/Pages/03Reflection.pdf|title=Reflections on Thirty-Five Years of Public Service: From Espionage to Babies|journal= Ethos| date= January 2006|accessdate=14 September 2013}}</ref> Although it is located within the [[Ministry of Defence (Singapore)|Ministry of Defence]], it has a certain independence in that it is not under the control of either of the [[Permanent Secretary|Permanent Secretaries]] of Defence.<ref name=DSO>{{cite web|url=http://www.dso.org.sg/home/publications/comm/3-Creation.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060503020830/http://www.dso.org.sg/home/publications/comm/3-Creation.pdf|dead-url=yes|archive-date=3 May 2006|title=Present At The Creation|accessdate=31 March 2011|publisher=Defence Science Organisation}}</ref> It is also highly secretive as most of its personnel are known only to Singapore's top officials.{{citation needed|date=January 2014}} The SID is led by a Director, who holds the rank of Permanent Secretary and reports directly to the [[Prime Minister's Office (Singapore)|Prime Minister's Office]] (PMO).<ref>{{cite web|title=Video: Building Security Partnerships in Asia (Chee Wee Kiong)|url=http://blip.tv/csis/building-security-partnerships-in-asia-chee-wee-kiong-5954576|publisher=Blip|accessdate=7 April 2014}}</ref> Back in the 1970s, the Director reported directly to the Defence Minister. According to a 1975 article in ''[[The Straits Times]]'', the SID had the post of Deputy Director, which was held by Lim Chye Heng at the time.<ref>{{cite news|title=Chye Heng named ISD acting director|url=http://newspapers.nl.sg/Digitised/Article.aspx?articleid=straitstimes19750104.2.47&sessionid=d18ac3e2448445bd913cb5672599008b&keyword=%22security+and+intelligence+division%22&lang=en&token=and%2csecurity%2cdivision%2cintelligence|accessdate=19 January 2014|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=4 January 1975|page=8|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219075436/http://newspapers.nl.sg/Digitised/Article.aspx?articleid=straitstimes19750104.2.47&sessionid=d18ac3e2448445bd913cb5672599008b&keyword=%22security+and+intelligence+division%22&lang=en&token=and%2Csecurity%2Cdivision%2Cintelligence|archivedate=19 December 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref> It is not known whether this post still exists.


==History and activities==
==History and activities==
The SID shared a similar background to its domestic counterpart, the [[Internal Security Department]] (ISD). In the aftermath of [[1915 Singapore Mutiny]], to collect the political intelligence, espionage, and the surveillance of potential subversives,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ban|first1=Kah Choon|title=The Untold Story of Special Branch Operations in Singapore 1915-1942|date=2001|publisher=Raffles}}</ref> a political intelligence bureau was established in Singapore under direct command and control of Major General Dudley Howard Ridout, General-Officer-Commanding (GOC) Singapore,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Comber|first1=Leon|title=The Singapore Mutiny (1915) and the Genesis of Political Intelligence in Singapore|journal=Intelligence and National Security|date=13 August 2009|volume=24|issue=4|pages=529–541}}</ref> which eventually became the Criminal Intelligence Department ([[Special_Branch#Singapore|Special Branch]]) in 1919.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ban|first1=Kah Choon|title=The Untold Story of Special Branch Operations in Singapore 1915-1942|date=2001|publisher=Raffles}}</ref> Before 1965, Singapore's primary intelligence agency was the [[Malaysian Special Branch]]. After Singapore gained independence in 1965, the [[Ministry of Interior and Defence]] was directed to reorganise and consolidate all intelligence capabilities in January 1966. The SID was subsequently established in February 1966, with Tay Seow Huah as its first Director.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} In 1974, [[S. R. Nathan]], who was then the SID Director, led a negotiation team to help resolve the [[Laju incident|Laju hostage crisis]].<ref name="S. R. Nathan">{{cite web|title=S. R. Nathan|url=http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_490_2004-12-23.html|publisher=National Library Board Singapore|accessdate=19 January 2014}}</ref>
The SID shared a similar background to its domestic counterpart, the [[Internal Security Department]] (ISD). In the aftermath of [[1915 Singapore Mutiny]], to collect the political intelligence, espionage, and the surveillance of potential subversives,<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ban|first1=Kah Choon|title=The Untold Story of Special Branch Operations in Singapore 1915-1942|date=2001|publisher=Raffles}}</ref> a political intelligence bureau was established in Singapore under direct command and control of Major General Dudley Howard Ridout, General-Officer-Commanding (GOC) Singapore,<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Comber|first1=Leon|title=The Singapore Mutiny (1915) and the Genesis of Political Intelligence in Singapore|journal=Intelligence and National Security|date=13 August 2009|volume=24|issue=4|pages=529–541}}</ref> which eventually became the Criminal Intelligence Department ([[Special_Branch#Singapore|Special Branch]]) in 1919.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ban|first1=Kah Choon|title=The Untold Story of Special Branch Operations in Singapore 1915-1942|date=2001|publisher=Raffles}}</ref> Before 1965, Singapore's primary intelligence agency was the [[Malaysian Special Branch]]. After Singapore gained independence in 1965, the [[Ministry of Interior and Defence]] was directed to reorganise and consolidate all intelligence capabilities in January 1966. The SID was subsequently established in February 1966, with Tay Seow Huah as its first Director.{{Citation needed|date=April 2011}} In 1974, [[S. R. Nathan]], who was then the SID Director, led a negotiation team to help resolve the [[Laju incident|Laju hostage crisis]].<ref name="S. R. Nathan">{{cite web|title=S. R. Nathan|url=http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_490_2004-12-23.html|publisher=National Library Board Singapore|accessdate=19 January 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031114827/http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_490_2004-12-23.html|archivedate=31 October 2013|df=dmy-all}}</ref>


As the SID is a highly secretive organisation, information about its activities is only released occasionally to the media. In 2001, Yap Chuin Wei, a reporter from ''[[The Straits Times]]'', interviewed a former SID officer on the agency's work. The officer, speaking on condition of anonymity, said that the SID works in three main ways: collection of information, analysis of information, and informal diplomacy.<ref name="Examining the world's second-oldest profession">{{cite news|last=Yap|first=Chuin Wei|title=Examining the world's second-oldest profession|url=https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/beritamalaysia/conversations/topics/34955|accessdate=19 January 2014|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=19 May 2001}}</ref> The SID was also mentioned in [[Lee Kuan Yew]]'s book ''From Third World to First: The Singapore Story: 1965-2000'', in which it is said to have played a role in providing weapons to anti-communist forces in [[Cambodia]] in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lee|first=Kuan Yew|title=From Third World to First: The Singapore Story: 1965-2000|year=2000|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=0060197765|pages=378–379}}</ref> The SID also played a role in rebuilding Singapore's relations with [[Indonesia]] after the [[Konfrontasi]] ended in 1966.<ref name="Examining the world's second-oldest profession" /> Tim Huxley wrote a short history of the SID in his book ''Defending the Lion City: The Armed Forces of Singapore'', which was published in 2000.<ref>{{cite book|last=Huxley|first=Tim|title=Defending the Lion City: The Armed Forces of Singapore|year=2000|publisher=Allen & Unwin|location=Australia|pages=89–90|ISBN=1 86508 118 3}}</ref> <!-- What did Huxley write about the SID in his book? -->
As the SID is a highly secretive organisation, information about its activities is only released occasionally to the media. In 2001, Yap Chuin Wei, a reporter from ''[[The Straits Times]]'', interviewed a former SID officer on the agency's work. The officer, speaking on condition of anonymity, said that the SID works in three main ways: collection of information, analysis of information, and informal diplomacy.<ref name="Examining the world's second-oldest profession">{{cite news|last=Yap|first=Chuin Wei|title=Examining the world's second-oldest profession|url=https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/beritamalaysia/conversations/topics/34955|accessdate=19 January 2014|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=19 May 2001}}</ref> The SID was also mentioned in [[Lee Kuan Yew]]'s book ''From Third World to First: The Singapore Story: 1965-2000'', in which it is said to have played a role in providing weapons to anti-communist forces in [[Cambodia]] in the 1970s.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lee|first=Kuan Yew|title=From Third World to First: The Singapore Story: 1965-2000|year=2000|publisher=HarperCollins|isbn=0060197765|pages=378–379}}</ref> The SID also played a role in rebuilding Singapore's relations with [[Indonesia]] after the [[Konfrontasi]] ended in 1966.<ref name="Examining the world's second-oldest profession" /> Tim Huxley wrote a short history of the SID in his book ''Defending the Lion City: The Armed Forces of Singapore'', which was published in 2000.<ref>{{cite book|last=Huxley|first=Tim|title=Defending the Lion City: The Armed Forces of Singapore|year=2000|publisher=Allen & Unwin|location=Australia|pages=89–90|ISBN=1 86508 118 3}}</ref> <!-- What did Huxley write about the SID in his book? -->
Line 55: Line 55:
| [[Tay Seow Huah]] || ? || || <ref>{{cite web|title=Tay Seow Huah Book Prize|url=http://www.rsis.edu.sg/grad/academic-awards.htm|publisher=S Rajaratnam School of International Studies|accessdate=19 January 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140127151809/http://www.rsis.edu.sg/grad/academic-awards.htm|archivedate=27 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
| [[Tay Seow Huah]] || ? || || <ref>{{cite web|title=Tay Seow Huah Book Prize|url=http://www.rsis.edu.sg/grad/academic-awards.htm|publisher=S Rajaratnam School of International Studies|accessdate=19 January 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140127151809/http://www.rsis.edu.sg/grad/academic-awards.htm|archivedate=27 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Tan Boon Seng || ?–1971 || || <ref name="Civil service reshuffle">{{cite news|title=Civil service reshuffle|url=http://newspapers.nl.sg/Digitised/Article.aspx?articleid=straitstimes19710806.2.58&sessionid=43cddf711ddc48b58798f5d779ce79aa&keyword=%22Security+and+Intelligence+Division%22&lang=en&token=and%2csecurity%2cdivision%2cintelligence|accessdate=19 January 2014|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=6 August 1971|page=10}}</ref>
| Tan Boon Seng || ?–1971 || || <ref name="Civil service reshuffle">{{cite news|title=Civil service reshuffle|url=http://newspapers.nl.sg/Digitised/Article.aspx?articleid=straitstimes19710806.2.58&sessionid=43cddf711ddc48b58798f5d779ce79aa&keyword=%22Security+and+Intelligence+Division%22&lang=en&token=and%2csecurity%2cdivision%2cintelligence|accessdate=19 January 2014|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=6 August 1971|page=10|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202095326/http://newspapers.nl.sg/Digitised/Article.aspx?articleid=straitstimes19710806.2.58&sessionid=43cddf711ddc48b58798f5d779ce79aa&keyword=%22Security+and+Intelligence+Division%22&lang=en&token=and%2Csecurity%2Cdivision%2Cintelligence|archivedate=2 February 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[S. R. Nathan]] || 1971–1979 || || <ref name="S. R. Nathan" /><ref name="Civil service reshuffle" />
| [[S. R. Nathan]] || 1971–1979 || || <ref name="S. R. Nathan" /><ref name="Civil service reshuffle" />
Line 63: Line 63:
| Choi Shing Kwok || 1995–2005 <!-- The PMO press release says Choi became the SID Director in 1995 but does not say when he left the position. The article by Yap Chuin Wei, published in 2001, says Choi was the SID Director then. The other sources may contain information on when Choi left the position but they cannot be accessed online. For now, we cannot determine when Choi stepped down from the position. --> || || <ref name="Examining the world's second-oldest profession" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Press Release: Changes In Permanent Secretary Appointments|url=http://app.psd.gov.sg/data/Changes%20to%20Permanent%20Secretary%20Appointments%20-%201%20Jun.pdf|publisher=Public Service Division, Prime Minister's Office|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=1 June 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616232513/http://app.psd.gov.sg/data/Changes%20to%20Permanent%20Secretary%20Appointments%20-%201%20Jun.pdf|archivedate=16 June 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Defence chief heads list of 653 officers to be promoted|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=28 June 1996}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=MAS to get new managing director|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=22 February 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Achievers in many fields|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=9 August 2000}}</ref>
| Choi Shing Kwok || 1995–2005 <!-- The PMO press release says Choi became the SID Director in 1995 but does not say when he left the position. The article by Yap Chuin Wei, published in 2001, says Choi was the SID Director then. The other sources may contain information on when Choi left the position but they cannot be accessed online. For now, we cannot determine when Choi stepped down from the position. --> || || <ref name="Examining the world's second-oldest profession" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Press Release: Changes In Permanent Secretary Appointments|url=http://app.psd.gov.sg/data/Changes%20to%20Permanent%20Secretary%20Appointments%20-%201%20Jun.pdf|publisher=Public Service Division, Prime Minister's Office|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=1 June 2012|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120616232513/http://app.psd.gov.sg/data/Changes%20to%20Permanent%20Secretary%20Appointments%20-%201%20Jun.pdf|archivedate=16 June 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Defence chief heads list of 653 officers to be promoted|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=28 June 1996}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=MAS to get new managing director|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=22 February 2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Achievers in many fields|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=9 August 2000}}</ref>
|-
|-
| Chee Wee Kiong || 2005 – 1 September 2010 || || <ref>{{cite news|title=New appointments for other permanent secretaries|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=13 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Press Release: Appointment Of Head Of Civil Service And Permanent Secretaries|url=http://app.psd.gov.sg/data/Press%20release%20-%20Appointment%20of%20HCS%20and%20PS.pdf|publisher=Public Service Division, Prime Minister's Office|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=12 August 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100816101134/http://app.psd.gov.sg/data/Press%20release%20-%20Appointment%20of%20HCS%20and%20PS.pdf|archivedate=16 August 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Goh|first=Chin Lian|title=MFA Permanent Secretary Bilahari Kausikan retires|url=http://www.singapolitics.sg/news/mfa-permanent-secretary-bilahari-kausikan-retires|publisher=SingaPolitics|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=2 May 2013}}</ref>
| Chee Wee Kiong || 2005 – 1 September 2010 || || <ref>{{cite news|title=New appointments for other permanent secretaries|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=13 August 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Press Release: Appointment Of Head Of Civil Service And Permanent Secretaries|url=http://app.psd.gov.sg/data/Press%20release%20-%20Appointment%20of%20HCS%20and%20PS.pdf|publisher=Public Service Division, Prime Minister's Office|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=12 August 2010|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100816101134/http://app.psd.gov.sg/data/Press%20release%20-%20Appointment%20of%20HCS%20and%20PS.pdf|archivedate=16 August 2010|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Goh|first=Chin Lian|title=MFA Permanent Secretary Bilahari Kausikan retires|url=http://www.singapolitics.sg/news/mfa-permanent-secretary-bilahari-kausikan-retires|publisher=SingaPolitics|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=2 May 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20140119101911/http://www.singapolitics.sg/news/mfa-permanent-secretary-bilahari-kausikan-retires|archivedate=19 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
|-
|-
| [[Ng Chee Khern]] || 1 September 2010 – 1 May 2014 || || <ref>{{cite web|last=Chua|first=Tony|title=Capitamall Trust appoints Ng Chee Khern as Director|url=http://sbr.com.sg/commercial-property/people/capitamall-trust-appoints-ng-chee-khern-director|publisher=Singapore Business Review|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=14 June 2012}}</ref>
| [[Ng Chee Khern]] || 1 September 2010 – 1 May 2014 || || <ref>{{cite web|last=Chua|first=Tony|title=Capitamall Trust appoints Ng Chee Khern as Director|url=http://sbr.com.sg/commercial-property/people/capitamall-trust-appoints-ng-chee-khern-director|publisher=Singapore Business Review|accessdate=19 January 2014|date=14 June 2012}}</ref>

Revision as of 06:37, 14 October 2017

Security and Intelligence Division
Divisyen Keselamatan dan Perisikan
保安与情报司
பாதுகாப்பு மற்றும் புலனாய்வு பிரிவு
Agency overview
FormedFebruary 1966[citation needed]
JurisdictionGovernment of Singapore
Employees~500[1]

The Security and Intelligence Division (abbreviation: SID) is the external intelligence agency of Singapore responsible for gathering and analysing intelligence related to the country's external security.[2] Although it is located within the Ministry of Defence, it has a certain independence in that it is not under the control of either of the Permanent Secretaries of Defence.[3] It is also highly secretive as most of its personnel are known only to Singapore's top officials.[citation needed] The SID is led by a Director, who holds the rank of Permanent Secretary and reports directly to the Prime Minister's Office (PMO).[4] Back in the 1970s, the Director reported directly to the Defence Minister. According to a 1975 article in The Straits Times, the SID had the post of Deputy Director, which was held by Lim Chye Heng at the time.[5] It is not known whether this post still exists.

History and activities

The SID shared a similar background to its domestic counterpart, the Internal Security Department (ISD). In the aftermath of 1915 Singapore Mutiny, to collect the political intelligence, espionage, and the surveillance of potential subversives,[6] a political intelligence bureau was established in Singapore under direct command and control of Major General Dudley Howard Ridout, General-Officer-Commanding (GOC) Singapore,[7] which eventually became the Criminal Intelligence Department (Special Branch) in 1919.[8] Before 1965, Singapore's primary intelligence agency was the Malaysian Special Branch. After Singapore gained independence in 1965, the Ministry of Interior and Defence was directed to reorganise and consolidate all intelligence capabilities in January 1966. The SID was subsequently established in February 1966, with Tay Seow Huah as its first Director.[citation needed] In 1974, S. R. Nathan, who was then the SID Director, led a negotiation team to help resolve the Laju hostage crisis.[9]

As the SID is a highly secretive organisation, information about its activities is only released occasionally to the media. In 2001, Yap Chuin Wei, a reporter from The Straits Times, interviewed a former SID officer on the agency's work. The officer, speaking on condition of anonymity, said that the SID works in three main ways: collection of information, analysis of information, and informal diplomacy.[10] The SID was also mentioned in Lee Kuan Yew's book From Third World to First: The Singapore Story: 1965-2000, in which it is said to have played a role in providing weapons to anti-communist forces in Cambodia in the 1970s.[11] The SID also played a role in rebuilding Singapore's relations with Indonesia after the Konfrontasi ended in 1966.[10] Tim Huxley wrote a short history of the SID in his book Defending the Lion City: The Armed Forces of Singapore, which was published in 2000.[12]

The former SID officer interviewed by Yap said that SID officers rarely receive public awards due to security and political concerns. They are awarded a set of medals equivalent to the National Day medals instead but their names are not publicised.[10]

In 2004, the National Security Coordination Secretariat (NSCS) was set up under the Prime Minister's Office (PMO) to deal with security threats and terrorism. This meant that the SID and the ISD, which previously worked independent of each other, had to share information for the first time.[13]

In August 2013, it was alleged that the SID cooperated with the Australian Signals Directorate to tap the undersea fibre optic telecommunications cables that link Asia, Europe and the Middle East.[14]

Directors

The following is a list of known Directors of the SID.

Name In office Notes References
Tay Seow Huah ? [15]
Tan Boon Seng ?–1971 [16]
S. R. Nathan 1971–1979 [9][16]
Eddie Teo 1979–? Teo was concurrently the head of the ISD from 1982 to 1986.[17] [18]
Choi Shing Kwok 1995–2005 [10][19][20][21][22]
Chee Wee Kiong 2005 – 1 September 2010 [23][24][25]
Ng Chee Khern 1 September 2010 – 1 May 2014 [26]

See also

References

  1. ^ "SINGAPORE'S MOST SECRETIVE SPY AGENCY - THE SECURITY AND INTELLIGENCE DIVISION". All Singapore Stuff. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  2. ^ "Reflections on Thirty-Five Years of Public Service: From Espionage to Babies" (PDF). Ethos. January 2006. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
  3. ^ "Present At The Creation" (PDF). Defence Science Organisation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 May 2006. Retrieved 31 March 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ "Video: Building Security Partnerships in Asia (Chee Wee Kiong)". Blip. Retrieved 7 April 2014.
  5. ^ "Chye Heng named ISD acting director". The Straits Times. 4 January 1975. p. 8. Archived from the original on 19 December 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ Ban, Kah Choon (2001). The Untold Story of Special Branch Operations in Singapore 1915-1942. Raffles.
  7. ^ Comber, Leon (13 August 2009). "The Singapore Mutiny (1915) and the Genesis of Political Intelligence in Singapore". Intelligence and National Security. 24 (4): 529–541.
  8. ^ Ban, Kah Choon (2001). The Untold Story of Special Branch Operations in Singapore 1915-1942. Raffles.
  9. ^ a b "S. R. Nathan". National Library Board Singapore. Archived from the original on 31 October 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ a b c d Yap, Chuin Wei (19 May 2001). "Examining the world's second-oldest profession". The Straits Times. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  11. ^ Lee, Kuan Yew (2000). From Third World to First: The Singapore Story: 1965-2000. HarperCollins. pp. 378–379. ISBN 0060197765.
  12. ^ Huxley, Tim (2000). Defending the Lion City: The Armed Forces of Singapore. Australia: Allen & Unwin. pp. 89–90. ISBN 1 86508 118 3.
  13. ^ Tor, Ching Li (21 July 2004). "United front against terror". Today. p. 6. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 19 January 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ Dorling, Phillip (29 August 2013). "Spy agency taps undersea cables". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  15. ^ "Tay Seow Huah Book Prize". S Rajaratnam School of International Studies. Archived from the original on 27 January 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ a b "Civil service reshuffle". The Straits Times. 6 August 1971. p. 10. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2014. {{cite news}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "Mr Eddie Teo has extensive experience in public admin". AsiaOne News. 26 July 2008. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  18. ^ Backman, Michael (31 May 2006). "Downsides devalue Singapore Inc". theage.com.au. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
  19. ^ "Press Release: Changes In Permanent Secretary Appointments" (PDF). Public Service Division, Prime Minister's Office. 1 June 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 June 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ "Defence chief heads list of 653 officers to be promoted". The Straits Times. 28 June 1996.
  21. ^ "MAS to get new managing director". The Straits Times. 22 February 2005.
  22. ^ "Achievers in many fields". The Straits Times. 9 August 2000.
  23. ^ "New appointments for other permanent secretaries". The Straits Times. 13 August 2010.
  24. ^ "Press Release: Appointment Of Head Of Civil Service And Permanent Secretaries" (PDF). Public Service Division, Prime Minister's Office. 12 August 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 August 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  25. ^ Goh, Chin Lian (2 May 2013). "MFA Permanent Secretary Bilahari Kausikan retires". SingaPolitics. Archived from the original on 19 January 2014. Retrieved 19 January 2014. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ Chua, Tony (14 June 2012). "Capitamall Trust appoints Ng Chee Khern as Director". Singapore Business Review. Retrieved 19 January 2014.

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