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Demchok, Ladakh: Difference between revisions

Coordinates: 32°42′00″N 79°26′58″E / 32.699910°N 79.449520°E / 32.699910; 79.449520
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{{For2|the disputed area|[[Demchok sector]]}}
{{For2|the Chinese part|[[Dêmqog, Ngari Prefecture]]|the disputed area|[[Demchok sector]]}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2018}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name = Demchok
|other_name = Dêmqog, bDe-mChog
|native_name = {{resize|80%|{{Bo-textonly|ཌེམ་ཆོག་}}}}
|native_name_lang = [[Tibetan language]]
|settlement_type = Village<!--For Town or Village (Leave blank for the default City)-->
|motto =
<!-- images and maps ----------->
|image_skyline =
|imagesize =
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|dot_x = |dot_y =
|pushpin_map = India Ladakh#India#China Tibet#China
|pushpin_label_position = <!-- the position of the pushpin label: left, right, top, bottom, none -->
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ladakh, India and Tibet, China
|pushpin_mapsize =
<!-- Location ------------------>
| subdivision_type1 = country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]], [[China]]
| subdivision_type2 = region
| subdivision_name2 = [[Indian-administered Kashmir]], [[Tibet Autonomous Region]]
| subdivision_type3 = province
| subdivision_name3 = [[Ladakh]], [[Ngari Prefecture]]
| subdivision_type4 = district
| subdivision_name4 = [[Leh district|Leh]], [[Gar County|Gar]]
| subdivision_type5 = subdistrict
| subdivision_name5 = [[Nyoma]], [[Zhaxigang]]
|population_total =150
|population_footnotes =<ref name="Hindu"/>
|population_as_of =2005
<!-- General information --------------->
| timezone1 = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset1 = +5:30
| timezone2 = [[Chinese Standard Time|CST]]
| utc_offset2 = +8:00
|coordinates = {{coord|32.699910|N|79.449520|E|display=inline,title}}<!-- {{coord|32|41|40|N|79|27|45|E|region:CN|display=inline,title}} -->
|elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
|elevation_m = 4240
|elevation_ft =13920
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->
|postal_code_type = <!-- enter ZIP code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
|postal_code =
|area_code =
|blank_name =
|blank_info =
|blank1_name =
|blank1_info =
|website =
|footnotes =
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
|title= Dêmqog
|pic=
|c = {{linktext|lang=zh|典角村}}
|l= Dêmqog village
|p = Diǎnjiǎocūn
|showflag = p
}}
'''Demchok''' ({{bo|t=ཌེམ་ཆོག|w=Demchog|z=Dêmqog}}, historical: bDe-mChog<ref> ''Antiquities of Indian Tibet, Part (Volume) II'', by A. H. Francke and edited by F. W. Thomas, (1926), pages 115-116.</ref>) is a village and military encampment in the disputed [[Demchok sector|Demchok sector]] between [[China]] and [[India]]. The village is claimed by India as part of the [[Nyoma]] [[tehsil]] in the [[Leh district]] of [[Ladakh]] by India,<ref name=Amenity>{{cite web |url=http://leh.nic.in/depts/villageamenitydirectory.pdf |title=Blockwise Village Amenity Directory |publisher=Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council |access-date=2015-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909100301/http://leh.nic.in/depts/villageamenitydirectory.pdf |archive-date=9 September 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://leh.nic.in/about-district/administrative-setup/village/</ref> and claimed by China as part of the [[Ngari Prefecture]] in the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]].<ref name="Lamb-1965">{{cite journal |url=http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AUYrBkIntLaw/1965/4.pdf |title=Treaties, Maps and the Western Sector of the Sino-Indian Boundary Dispute |last=Lamb |first=Alastair |journal=The Australian Year Book of International Law |pages=37–52 |year=1965 |volume=1 |issue=1}}</ref>{{rp|39}} The combined village had a population of about 150 in 2005.<ref name="Hindu">Luv Puri, {{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/02/stories/2005080212731300.htm |title=Ladakhis await re-opening of historic Tibet route |publisher=[[The Hindu]] |date=2 August 2005}}</ref>

The [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC) passes through the village, following the [[Charding Nullah]] upstream from the nearby [[Indus River]]. The part of the village on the western bank of the river is administered by India, while the part of the village on the eastern bank of the river is administered by China.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.deccanherald.com/content/41214/F| title = Ladakhis deplore Krishna's remark on Demchok road| accessdate = 31 May 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131224101243/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/41214/F| archive-date = 24 December 2013| url-status = live}}</ref> The Indian-claimed border extends {{convert|3|mi|km}} southeast of Demchok, while the Chinese-claimed border extends {{convert|10|mi|km}} northwest of Demchok.<ref name="Lamb-1965"/>{{rp|39,48}}

==Combined village==
{{OSM Location map
| coord = {{coord|32.63|79.43}} <!-- Map center -->
| float = right
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| width = 270
| height = 200
| caption = <center>Charding Nullah</center>
| nolabels = 1
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<!-- Demchok -->
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| label-pos1 = right | label-offset-x1 = 0 | label-offset-y1 = -7
| mark-title1 = Demchok
| mark-image1 =
| mark-description1 = Indian-administered village
<!-- Koyul -->
| mark-coord2 = {{coord|32.8799|79.1959}}
| mark2 = Red pog.svg
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| label-size2 = 12
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| mark-title2 = Koyul
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| mark-description2 =
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| mark-title3 = Fukche airstrip
| mark-image3 =
| mark-description3 =
<!-- Dumchele -->
| mark-coord4 = {{coord|33.0759128|79.1688123}}
| mark4 = Red pog.svg
| mark-size4 = 6
| label4 = Dumchele
| label-size4 = 10
| label-color4 = hard red
| label-pos4 = right |label-offset-x4 = 0 |label-offset-y4 = 0
| mark-title4 = Dumchele
| mark-image4 =
| mark-description4 = Chinese border village
<!-- Chisumle -->
| mark-coord5 = {{coord|32.672861|79.168857}}
| mark5 = Black pog.svg
| mark-size5 = 6
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| label-pos5 = top |label-offset-x5 = -10 |label-offset-y5 = 0
| mark-title5 = Chisumle
| mark-image5 =
| mark-description5 =
<!-- Dungti -->
| mark-coord6 = {{coord|33.1984|78.9525}}
| mark6 = Black pog.svg
| mark-size6 = 6
| label6 = Dungti
| label-size6 = 10
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| label-pos6 = left |label-offset-x6 = 0 |label-offset-y6 = 0
| mark-title6 = Dungti
| mark-image6 =
| mark-description6 =
<!-- Hanle -->
| mark-coord7 = {{coord| 32.7715|78.9832}}
| mark7 = Black pog.svg
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| label7 = Hanle
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| label-pos7 = left |label-offset-x7 = 0 |label-offset-y7 = 0
| mark-title7 = Hanle
| mark-image7 =
| mark-description7 =
<!-- Demqog -->
| mark-coord8 = {{coord|32.6949|79.4593}}
| mark8 = Red pog.svg
| mark-size8 = 6
| label8 = Dêmqog–China
| label-size8 = 10
| label-color8 = hard red
| label-pos8 = right |label-offset-x8 = 0 |label-offset-y8 = 3
| mark-title8 = Dêmqog
| mark-image8 =
| mark-description8 = Chinese-administered village
<!-- Tashigong -->
| mark-coord9 = {{coord|32.5098|79.6762}}
| mark9 = Black pog.svg
| mark-size9 = 8
| label9 = Tashigong |labela9 = (Zhaxigang)
| label-size9 = 11
| label-color9 = gray
| label-pos9 = top |label-offset-x9 = 0 |label-offset-y9 = 0
| mark-title9 = Tashigong
| mark-image9 =
| mark-description9 = Zhaxigang
<!-- Risong -->
| mark-coord19 = {{coord|33.1969|79.8210}}
| mark19 = Black pog.svg
| mark-size19 = 8
| label19 = Risong
| label-size19 = 11
| label-color19 = gray
| label-pos19 = left |label-offset-x19 = 0 |label-offset-y19 = 0
| mark-title19 = Risong
| mark-image19 =
| mark-description19 =
<!-- RIVERS -->
<!-- Indus river -->
| mark-coord10 = {{coord|32.80737|79.38093}}
| mark10 = AS-rzeka-icon.svg
| mark-size10 = 12
| label10 = Indus River
| label-size10 = 11
| label-color10 = hard blue
| label-pos10 = right |label-offset-x10 = 0 |label-offset-y10 = 0
| mark-title10 = Indus River
| mark-image10 =
| mark-description10 = Sengge Zangbo
<!-- Charding Nullah -->
| mark-coord11 = {{coord|32.5993|79.3999}} <!-- {{coord|32.6492|79.418}} -->
| mark11 = AS-rzeka-icon.svg
| mark-size11 = 14
| label11 = Charding | labela11 = Nullah
| label-size11 = 10
| label-color11 = hard blue
| label-pos11 = right |label-offset-x11 = 0 |label-offset-y11 = 0
| mark-title11 = Charding Nullah
| mark-image11 =
| mark-description11 = Tributary of the Indus river
<!-- Nilu Nullah -->
| mark-coord12 = {{coord|32.6103|79.3498}}
| mark12 = AS-rzeka-icon.svg
| mark-size12 = 12
| label12 = Nilu <!-- | labela12 = Nullah -->
| label-size12 = 10
| label-color12 = hard blue
| label-pos12 = top |label-offset-x12 = 0 |label-offset-y12 = 0
| mark-title12 = Nilu Nullah
| mark-image12 =
| mark-description12 = Tributary of the Charding Nullah
<!-- Koyul Lungpa river -->
| mark-coord13 = {{coord|32.5818|79.202}}
| mark13 = AS-rzeka-icon.svg
| mark-size13 = 12
| label13 = Koyul |labela13 = Lungpa
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| label-color13 = hard blue
| label-pos13 = left |label-offset-x13 = 0 |label-offset-y13 = -5
| mark-title13 = Koyul Lungpa river
| mark-image13 =
| mark-description13 = Tributary of the Indus river
<!-- PASSES -->
<!-- Charding La -->
| mark-coord21 = {{coord|32.5242|79.4019}}
| mark21 = Mountain pass 12x12 n.svg
| mark-size21 = 10
| label21 = Charding La
| label-size21 = 10
| label-color21 = hard red
| label-pos21 = bottom | label-offset-x21 = 0 | label-offset-y21 = 0
| mark-title21 = Charding La
| mark-image21 =
| mark-description21 =
<!-- Jara La -->
| mark-coord22 = {{coord|32.7758|79.5344}}
| mark22 = Mountain pass 12x12 ne.svg
| mark-size22 = 10
| label22 = Jara La
| label-size22 = 10
| label-color22 = hard red
| label-pos22 = right | label-offset-x22 = 0 | label-offset-y22 = 0
| mark-title22 = Jara La
| mark-image22 =
| mark-description22 = Mountain pass on the Indian claim line
<!-- Chang La -->
| mark-coord23 = {{coord|33.0167|79.3667}}
| mark23 = Mountain pass 12x12 ne.svg
| mark-size23 = 10
| label23 = Chang La
| label-size23 = 10
| label-color23 = hard red
| label-pos23 = right | label-offset-x23 = 0 | label-offset-y23 = 0
| mark-title23 = Chang La
| mark-image23 =
| mark-description23 = Mountain pass on the Indian claim line
<!-- Umling La -->
| mark-coord24 = {{coord|32.696355|79.284238}}
| mark24 = Mountain pass 12x12 e.svg
| mark-size24 = 10
| label24 = Umling La <!-- |labela24 = La -->
| label-size24 = 10
| label-color24 = hard red
| label-pos24 = top | label-offset-x24 = -10 | label-offset-y24 = 0
| mark-title24 = Umling La
| mark-image24 =
| mark-description24 = Mountain pass on the Chinese claim line
<!-- Indian claim line crosses the Indus -->
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| mark-image27 =
| mark-description27 = Point on the Indian claim line
<!-- Chinese claim line leaves the IB -->
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| label-size28 = 10
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| mark-image28 =
| mark-description28 = Point on the Chinese claim line
<!-- Chinese claim line on Koyul ridge -->
| mark-coord29 = {{coord|32.7872|79.223}}
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| label-pos29 = bottom | label-offset-x29 = 0 | label-offset-y29 = 0
| mark-title29 =
| mark-image29 =
| mark-description29 = Point on the Chinese claim line
<!-- Chinese claim line reaches Indus -->
| mark-coord30 = {{coord|32.9451|79.2516}}
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| label-size30 = 10
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| mark-title30 = Indus river bed
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| mark-description30 = Point on the Chinese claim line
}}

===Description===
The village lies 36.5&nbsp;km east of [[Ukdungle]] ({{coord|32.6015|78.9651}}). The world’s highest motorable road passing through the '''Umling La''' pass ({{coord|32.6964|79.2842}}) in Ladakh at a height of {{Convert|19300|ft|m|abbr=}} connects to Demchok.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/YpojBHOzLBVypMDOylGPXJ/BRO-builds-worlds-highest-motorable-road-in-Ladakh-at-1930.html|title=BRO builds world’s highest motorable road in Ladakh at 19,300 feet|access-date=2 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102140239/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/YpojBHOzLBVypMDOylGPXJ/BRO-builds-worlds-highest-motorable-road-in-Ladakh-at-1930.html|archive-date=2 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bro.gov.in/WriteReadData/linkimages/9886029359-Landmark.pdf|title=Achievements of West Dte during the F/Y 2016-17|access-date=2 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107072329/http://www.bro.gov.in/WriteReadData/linkimages/9886029359-Landmark.pdf|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

The combined village had a population of about 150 in 2005.<ref name="Hindu"/>

===History===
{{See also|Charding Nullah#History}}

The Chronicles of Ladakh mention that, at the conclusion of the [[Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal War]] in 1684, Tibet and Ladakh agreed on the [[Treaty of Tingmosgang]]. The chronicles describe the treaty as fixing the boundary at "the Lhari stream at Demchok", which was described as flowing into the Indus at Demchok and dividing Demchok into two halves.{{sfnp|Lamb, Treaties, Maps and the Western Sector|1965|p=38}}

A British boundary commission in 1846–1847 on the borders of the [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|former princely state of Jammu and Kashmir]] described the village as:
{{quote|[Demchok] is a hamlet of half a dozen huts and tents, not permanently inhabited, divided by a rivulet (entering the left bank of the Indus) which constitutes the boundary of this quarter between Gnari ... [in Tibet] ... and Ladakh.{{sfnp|Lamb, The China-India border|1964|p=68}}}}

Demchok was on an old route linking Ladakh and Tibet along the bank of the Indus River that is closed as of 2012.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/02/stories/2005080212731300.htm |title=hindu.com - Ladakhis await re-opening of this historic Tibet route |access-date=27 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108035416/http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/02/stories/2005080212731300.htm |archive-date=8 November 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Though the [[Mount Kailash|Kailash]] [[Lake Manasarovar]] is 300&nbsp;km away, the route there is mostly through plains.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=44243 |title=expressindia.com - ‘Issue of opening Demchok road with China taken up’ |access-date=27 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919112520/http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=44243 |archive-date=19 September 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Village on the western bank==
{{Infobox settlement
{{Infobox settlement
| name = Demchok
| name = Demchok
| other_name = Dêmqog, bDe-mChog
| other_name =
| native_name = ཌེམ་ཆོག
| native_name =
| native_name_lang = [[Tibetan language]]
| native_name_lang =
| settlement_type = Village
| settlement_type = Village
| image_skyline =
| image_skyline =
Line 348: Line 12:
| image_caption =
| image_caption =
| etymology =
| etymology =
| pushpin_map = <!--India Ladakh#India#China Tibet#China-->
| pushpin_map = India Ladakh#India
| pushpin_map_caption = <!--Location in Ladakh, India and Tibet, China-->
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ladakh, India
| coordinates = <!--{{coord|32.699910|N|79.449520|E|display=inline,title}}-->
| coordinates = {{coord|32.699910|N|79.449520|E|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| coordinates_footnotes =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_type1 = country
| subdivision_name1 = [[India]], [[China]]
| subdivision_name = [[India]]
| subdivision_type1 = [[States and territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_type2 = region
| subdivision_name1 = [[Ladakh]]
| subdivision_name2 = [[Indian-administered Kashmir]], [[Tibet Autonomous Region]]
| subdivision_type2 = [[List of districts of India|District]]
| subdivision_type3 = province
| subdivision_name2 = [[Leh]]
| subdivision_name3 = [[Ladakh]], [[Ngari Prefecture]]
| subdivision_type3 = [[Tehsil]]
| subdivision_type4 = district
| subdivision_name3 = [[Nyoma]]
| subdivision_name4 = [[Leh district|Leh]], [[Gar County|Gar]]
| subdivision_type5 = subdistrict
| subdivision_name5 = [[Nyoma]], [[Zhaxigang]]
| established_title =
| established_title =
| established_date =
| established_date =
Line 385: Line 47:
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Census of India|Census]] code
| blank_name_sec1 = [[Census of India|Census]] code
| blank_info_sec1 = 906
| blank_info_sec1 = 906
| footnotes = <ref name=Amenity/><ref name="Tribune-infra"/>
| footnotes = <ref name=Amenity/><ref>[https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jammu-kashmir/lack-of-infra-forcing-people-to-migrate-from-frontier/803101.html Lack of infra forcing people to migrate from frontier], The Tribune, Chandigar, 17 July 2019.</ref>
| official_name =
| official_name =
}}
}}
'''Demchok''' ({{bo|t=ཌེམ་ཆོག|w=Demchog|z=Dêmqog}}, historical: bDe-mChog<ref> ''Antiquities of Indian Tibet, Part (Volume) II'', by A. H. Francke and edited by F. W. Thomas, (1926), pages 115-116.</ref>), also spelled '''Demjok''', is a village and military encampment in the disputed [[Demchok sector]] between [[China]] and [[India]]. It is administered as part of the [[Nyoma]] [[tehsil]] in the [[Leh district]] of [[Ladakh]] by India,<ref name=Amenity>{{cite web |url=http://leh.nic.in/depts/villageamenitydirectory.pdf |title=Blockwise Village Amenity Directory |publisher=Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council |access-date=2015-07-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160909100301/http://leh.nic.in/depts/villageamenitydirectory.pdf |archive-date=9 September 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://leh.nic.in/about-district/administrative-setup/village/</ref> and claimed by China as part of the [[Tibet Autonomous Region]].<ref name="Lamb-1965">{{cite journal |url=http://classic.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/AUYrBkIntLaw/1965/4.pdf |title=Treaties, Maps and the Western Sector of the Sino-Indian Boundary Dispute |last=Lamb |first=Alastair |journal=The Australian Year Book of International Law |pages=37–52 |year=1965 |volume=1 |issue=1}}</ref>{{rp|39}}
The Indian-administered part of Demchok had 31 households and a population of 78 according to the [[2011 Census of India]]. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 42.47%.<ref name="census_2011"/> According to the [[sarpanch]] of Demchok in 2019, the village had a population of 69 people who are mostly nomads.<ref name="Tribune-infra">{{cite news |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/archive/j-k/lack-of-infra-forcing-people-to-migrate-from-frontier-803101 |title=Lack of infra forcing people to migrate from frontier |first=Arteev |last=Sharma |date=17 July 2019 |accessdate=29 May 2020}}</ref> She said that residents of Demchok were moving to the town of [[Leh]] due to a lack of infrastructure and jobs.<ref name="Tribune-infra"/>

The [[Line of Actual Control]] (LAC) passes along the southeast side of the village, following the [[Charding Nullah]] upstream from the nearby [[Indus River]]. Across the nullah, less than a kilometre away, is a Chinese-administered village, called [[Dêmqog, Ngari Prefecture|Dêmqog]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.deccanherald.com/content/41214/F| title = Ladakhis deplore Krishna's remark on Demchok road| accessdate = 31 May 2008| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20131224101243/http://www.deccanherald.com/content/41214/F| archive-date = 24 December 2013| url-status = live}}</ref> The Indian-claimed border extends {{convert|3|mi|km}} southeast of Demchok, while the Chinese-claimed border extends {{convert|10|mi|km}} northwest of Demchok.<ref name="Lamb-1965"/>{{rp|39,48}}

==Description==
This village was on an old route linking Ladakh and Tibet along the bank of the Indus River, currently closed.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/02/stories/2005080212731300.htm |title=hindu.com - Ladakhis await re-opening of this historic Tibet route |access-date=27 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121108035416/http://www.hindu.com/2005/08/02/stories/2005080212731300.htm |archive-date=8 November 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref> Though the [[Mount Kailash|Kailash]] [[Lake Manasarovar]] is 300&nbsp;km away, the route there is mostly through plains.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=44243 |title=expressindia.com - ‘Issue of opening Demchok road with China taken up’ |access-date=27 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919112520/http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=44243 |archive-date=19 September 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The village lies 36.5&nbsp;km east of [[Ukdungle]] ({{coord|32.6015|78.9651}}). The world’s highest motorable road passing through the '''Umling La''' pass ({{coord|32.6964|79.2842}}) in Ladakh at a height of {{Convert|19300|ft|m|abbr=}} connects to Demchok.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.livemint.com/Politics/YpojBHOzLBVypMDOylGPXJ/BRO-builds-worlds-highest-motorable-road-in-Ladakh-at-1930.html|title=BRO builds world’s highest motorable road in Ladakh at 19,300 feet|access-date=2 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171102140239/http://www.livemint.com/Politics/YpojBHOzLBVypMDOylGPXJ/BRO-builds-worlds-highest-motorable-road-in-Ladakh-at-1930.html|archive-date=2 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bro.gov.in/WriteReadData/linkimages/9886029359-Landmark.pdf|title=Achievements of West Dte during the F/Y 2016-17|access-date=2 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107072329/http://www.bro.gov.in/WriteReadData/linkimages/9886029359-Landmark.pdf|archive-date=7 November 2017|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Demographics ==
[[File:Map India and Pakistan 1-250,000 Tile NI 44-13 Tso Morari.jpg|thumb|right|Map including Demchok ([[Army Map Service]], 1954)]]
[[File:China India western border 88.jpg|thumb|right|Map showing disputed areas in Ladakh, including Demchok in southeast]]

Demchok ({{Bo-textonly|ཌེམ་ཆོཀ་}}) had 31 households according to the [[2011 census of India]]. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 42.47%.<ref name="census_2011"/>


{| class="wikitable sortable"
{| class="wikitable sortable"
Line 428: Line 103:
| Non-workers || 27 || 16 || 11
| Non-workers || 27 || 16 || 11
|}
|}

==Village on the eastern bank==

Dêmqog lies a kilometer southeast from the western village across the Charding Nullah. Prior to the 1962 Sino-Indian War, India had established a border post called the "New Demchok post" on the eastern bank of the Charding Nullah. As the war progressed, the post was evacuated and the Chinese forces occupied it.{{sfnp|Cheema, Crimson Chinar|2015|p=190}}<ref name=Arpi>Claude Arpi, [http://www.indiandefencereview.com/spotlights/the-case-of-demchok/ The Case of Demchok], Indian Defence Review, 19 May 2017.</ref> Travel writer Romesh Bhattacharji states they expected to set up a trading village, but India never renewed trade after the war. He states that the southern Dêmqog village has only commercial buildings whereas the northern village has many security-related buildings.{{sfnp|Bhattacharji, Ladakh|2012|loc=Chapter 9: "Changthang: The High Plateau"}}

==See also==
*[[List of towns and villages in Tibet]]


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{citation |first=Diana |last=Lange |chapter=Decoding Mid-19th Century Maps of the Border Area between Western Tibet, Ladakh, and Spiti |title=Revue d'Etudes Tibétaines,The Spiti Valley Recovering the Past and Exploring the Present |date=2017 |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/34449052/Decoding_Mid-19th_Century_Maps_of_the_Border_Area_between_Western_Tibet_Ladakh_and_Spiti |ref={{sfnref|Lange, Decoding Mid-19th Century Maps of the Border Area|2017}}}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
Line 449: Line 114:
{{Leh district}}
{{Leh district}}


[[:Category:Villages in Nyoma tehsil]]
[[Category:Villages in Nyoma tehsil]]
[[:Category:Populated places in Ngari Prefecture]]

Revision as of 12:50, 29 May 2020

For the Chinese part, see [[:Dêmqog, Ngari Prefecture]]. For the disputed area, see [[:Demchok sector]].

Demchok
Village
Demchok is located in Ladakh
Demchok
Demchok
Location in Ladakh, India
Demchok is located in India
Demchok
Demchok
Demchok (India)
Coordinates: 32°42′00″N 79°26′58″E / 32.699910°N 79.449520°E / 32.699910; 79.449520
CountryIndia
StateLadakh
DistrictLeh
TehsilNyoma
PanchayatKoyul
Government
 • SarpanchUgrain Chodon
Area
 • Total33 ha (82 acres)
Elevation
4,200 m (13,800 ft)
Population
 (2011)
 • Total78
 • Density240/km2 (610/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+5:30 (IST)
Census code906
[1][2]

Demchok (Tibetan: ཌེམ་ཆོག, Wylie: Demchog, ZYPY: Dêmqog, historical: bDe-mChog[3]), also spelled Demjok, is a village and military encampment in the disputed Demchok sector between China and India. It is administered as part of the Nyoma tehsil in the Leh district of Ladakh by India,[1][4] and claimed by China as part of the Tibet Autonomous Region.[5]: 39 

The Line of Actual Control (LAC) passes along the southeast side of the village, following the Charding Nullah upstream from the nearby Indus River. Across the nullah, less than a kilometre away, is a Chinese-administered village, called Dêmqog.[6] The Indian-claimed border extends 3 miles (4.8 km) southeast of Demchok, while the Chinese-claimed border extends 10 miles (16 km) northwest of Demchok.[5]: 39, 48 

Description

This village was on an old route linking Ladakh and Tibet along the bank of the Indus River, currently closed.[7] Though the Kailash Lake Manasarovar is 300 km away, the route there is mostly through plains.[8]

The village lies 36.5 km east of Ukdungle (32°36′05″N 78°57′54″E / 32.6015°N 78.9651°E / 32.6015; 78.9651). The world’s highest motorable road passing through the Umling La pass (32°41′47″N 79°17′03″E / 32.6964°N 79.2842°E / 32.6964; 79.2842) in Ladakh at a height of 19,300 feet (5,900 m) connects to Demchok.[9][10]

Demographics

Map including Demchok (Army Map Service, 1954)
Map showing disputed areas in Ladakh, including Demchok in southeast

Demchok (ཌེམ་ཆོཀ་) had 31 households according to the 2011 census of India. The effective literacy rate (i.e. the literacy rate of population excluding children aged 6 and below) is 42.47%.[11]

Demographics (2011 Census)[11]
Total Male Female
Population 78 43 35
Children aged below 6 years 5 4 1
Scheduled caste 1 1 0
Scheduled tribe 64 37 27
Literates 31 20 11
Workers (all) 51 27 24
Main workers (total) 49 26 23
Main workers: Cultivators 5 5 0
Main workers: Agricultural labourers 0 0 0
Main workers: Household industry workers 2 0 2
Main workers: Other 42 21 21
Marginal workers (total) 2 1 1
Marginal workers: Cultivators 0 0 0
Marginal workers: Agricultural labourers 0 0 0
Marginal workers: Household industry workers 0 0 0
Marginal workers: Others 2 1 1
Non-workers 27 16 11

References

  1. ^ a b "Blockwise Village Amenity Directory" (PDF). Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council. Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2016. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  2. ^ Lack of infra forcing people to migrate from frontier, The Tribune, Chandigar, 17 July 2019.
  3. ^ Antiquities of Indian Tibet, Part (Volume) II, by A. H. Francke and edited by F. W. Thomas, (1926), pages 115-116.
  4. ^ https://leh.nic.in/about-district/administrative-setup/village/
  5. ^ a b Lamb, Alastair (1965). "Treaties, Maps and the Western Sector of the Sino-Indian Boundary Dispute" (PDF). The Australian Year Book of International Law. 1 (1): 37–52.
  6. ^ "Ladakhis deplore Krishna's remark on Demchok road". Archived from the original on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2008.
  7. ^ "hindu.com - Ladakhis await re-opening of this historic Tibet route". Archived from the original on 8 November 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  8. ^ "expressindia.com - 'Issue of opening Demchok road with China taken up'". Archived from the original on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2015.
  9. ^ "BRO builds world's highest motorable road in Ladakh at 19,300 feet". Archived from the original on 2 November 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
  10. ^ "Achievements of West Dte during the F/Y 2016-17" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 2 November 2017.
  11. ^ a b "Leh district census". 2011 Census of India. Directorate of Census Operations. Archived from the original on 24 July 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
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