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Litter boxes in schools hoax

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The litter boxes in schools hoax is an urban myth in North America that has been promoted by various American conservative and far-right[1][2] media outlets and personalities,[3][4] stating that some schools were providing litter boxes in bathrooms to students who identified as cats or furries, in response to several school districts enacting protections for transgender students.[5][6] The sharing of such claims often begins as gossip or the relaying of a second-hand report without any supporting evidence.[7][8] Many news outlets, fact-checking websites, and academic researchers have debunked such claims.[9][10][11] Officials for every school named by those promoting the hoax have verified that the accusations are false.[10][12][13]

The hoax was reported in Prince Edward Island in October 2021, and initially thought to be a joke, but had to be formally disavowed as misinformation circulated on social media.[14] Rumors spread to other Canadian provinces and schools.[12] In the United States, popular media coverage of the hoax originally revolved around a school in Michigan in December 2021, but spread to schools in several other states. Ahead of the 2022 elections, several prominent American politicians and media personalities spread the hoax, including Representatives Marjorie Taylor Greene of Georgia[6] and Lauren Boebert of Colorado,[15] Minnesota Republican candidate for governor Scott Jensen,[9] retired brigadier general and United States Senate candidate Don Bolduc,[16] podcast host Joe Rogan (who later admitted there was no "proof that they put a litter box" in a particular school),[17][18] Chaya Raichik of Libs of TikTok,[10] and Christian talk show host Bill Cunningham.[19] Several parents of school-age children have amplified the hoax on social media websites such as Facebook.[20]

The hoax spread in North America largely as backlash against recognition of gender variance in schools.[21][13][22][20] Some conservative politicians and activists argued that protections for LGBTQ+ students in schools had "gone too far" and that litter box accommodations are what they might lead to next,[23][24] despite there being no confirmed instances of schools providing litter boxes for students who dress up as cats or furries to defecate or urinate in or planning to do so.[10][19] Several LGBTQ+ activists and media columnists have argued the hoax is a form of transphobia.[25][26][27][28][13]

Background

People in fursuits

According to Lynn McNeill, a folklore researcher at Utah State University, false rumors of furries using litter boxes date back to at least the early 2000s as satire. The rumors became a recurring urban legend.[29] Sharon Roberts, a faculty member at Renison University College and co-founder of a furry research group called Furscience, had not in a decade of research of furry conventions encountered instances of litter boxes being requested.[10]

In the 2010s and 2020s, social media platforms such as YouTube and TikTok helped give rise to the growth in the popularity of a furry fandom subculture. Many of the people who participate in the trend viewed the wearing of anthropomorphic animal costumes and related art as a hobby, similar to Comic-Con events, and did not actually identify as animals.[30][31] Inside some public schools in the United States, the furry fandom trend and students dressing up and acting like cats like had resulted in instances of tension between students and administrators about clothing attire and social behavior.[32][33][34] There was no evidence, however, that any schools had provided litter boxes in restrooms for students who participated in the furry trend or dressed up as cats.[35][3][34]

In 2016, American radio show host Michael L. Brown wrote an opinion piece in The Christian Post in opposition to transgender accommodations and gender-affirming medical procedures, and stated, "if we don't stop this downward slide, we might soon be required to provide litter boxes for people who identify as cats."[24]

The litter boxes in schools hoax gained widespread media coverage in Canada and the United States in late 2021 during a period of heightened political tension between school officials and community members, with emotional public debates taking place over COVID-19 pandemic mitigation measures such as distance learning, the concept of critical race theory, and the banning of LGBTQ+ symbols such as pride flags.[36] At the time, high rates of suicide and suicidal ideation among transgender and nonbinary teens were also cause for concern.[37] In 2021 and 2022, many schools in Canada and the United States were engaged in efforts to accommodate students who questioned their gender identities,[14][38] including providing gender-neutral, single occupant bathrooms, and allowing students to use the bathrooms that align with their gender identity.[39] In some U.S. states, cultural backlash against accommodations for transgender students had resulted in book bans and restrictions on support services for LGBTQ+ students.[38][40] Some conservative politicians and media commentators had used false litter box rumors to generate alarm about what accommodations for LGBTQ+ students might lead to.[10]

The only known official instance of kitty litter being placed in school classrooms for potential use by students was in the late 2010s by the Jefferson County Public School District in Colorado, where the 1999 Columbine High School massacre took place. Some teachers were given "go buckets" that contained kitty litter for use in an emergency lockdown situation, such as during a mass shooting event.[41][10][42] Several prank videos about litter boxes being placed in schools have circulated on social media, giving credence to false rumors of litter box accommodations for furries and students who dress up as cats.[11][43]

Timeline

Canada

Unsubstantiated rumors surfaced in Prince Edward Island in October 2021, possibly as a joke. After the rumors spread widely in schools and on social media, the Public Schools Branch denied claims of litter boxes, with the director of the school district saying "It seemed to me like it was a backlash against some of the progressive things that our schools are doing, and we would have many that would say this is rooted in hate".[14]

As the hoax spread widely in the United States and garnered media attention, online rumors spread to several other Canadian provinces and schools.[12][44] In September 2022, Durham District School Board in Ontario denied rumors and said they "may be rooted in transphobia and homophobia with the intent to diminish and trivialize gender identity, gender expression and sexual orientation and cause harm to students and staff who identify as 2SLGBTQI".[a][12] In October 2022, in response to a letter that was sent to local media, administrators for the Renfrew County District School Board or Renfrew County Catholic District School Board in Ontario issued statements that their schools "do not have, and have never had, litter boxes in any of our elementary or secondary sites".[13] A school official said there was a request for kitty litter in one school, but it was denied by the school board and that they did not recognize animal identities.[45] The same month, the education director of the Lambton-Kent District School Board dispelled litter box rumors.[46]

By November 2022, school officials for several other Canadian provinces released statements refuting rumors that litter boxes were being provided in schools.[47]

United States

In December 2021, conservative activist Lisa Hansen[10] in Michigan gave public testimony before the Midland Public Schools school board as it discussed COVID-19 testing requirements for students,[27] claiming she was informed that litter boxes had been added in bathrooms for students who "identify as cats", along with claiming that it was a "nationwide" issue and that there was an "agenda that is being pushed".[48] The rumors later gained traction in January 2022, after a video of the school board meeting was shared by Meshawn Maddock, the co-chair for the Michigan Republican Party, who promoted the rumors.[4] The video was also shared by Libs of TikTok, a politically influential right-wing Twitter account of Chaya Raichik with several hundred-thousand followers.[49][50] The superintendent for the school district of Midland Public Schools described the claims as false, stating "There is no truth whatsoever to this false statement [...] There have never been litter boxes within MPS schools".[4][35][51]

In January 2022, Michelle Evans, a Texan Republican running for congress, claimed that cafeteria tables were "being lowered in certain Round Rock Independent School District middle and high schools to allow 'furries' to more easily eat without utensils or their hands". The school district denied the claims.[52][53]

In February 2022, the Carroll Community School District in Iowa was accused of providing litter boxes for those who identified as cats. The district's superintendent denied this claim, stating "Staff members are not encouraging or accommodating anyone behaving or identifying as a cat or any other animal".[54][55]

In March 2022, a conservative commentator promoted claims that the Waunakee School District in Wisconsin had a "furry protocol" specifying the rules for furries, including being "allowed to dress in their choice of furry costumes" and "choose not to run in gym class but instead sit at the feet of their teacher and lick their paws". Reuters fact-checked the claim, stating there was no evidence for it; the school district also denied the claim.[56][57] In North Dakota, Fargo School Board member Jennifer Benson said litter boxes had been placed in school restrooms, but she declined to present evidence of it when requested by local media, and school officials in Fargo and elsewhere in North Dakota said the claim was the result of false rumors being spread nationally.[58] Despite several rumors in the Midwest being debunked, rumors circulated on internet forums in Cache Valley, Utah, about litter boxes being placed in Sky View High School, which schools officials could not corroborate.[40]

In April 2022, a satirical post of a fake e-mail went viral, claiming that Kokomo High School in Indiana was allowing students identifying as animals to have "special accommodations and certain privileges", including litter boxes in bathrooms. Associated Press reported that the post was shared more than 10,000 times. The school's principal confirmed the post was fake.[59][60] In New York, administrators for Dansville Central School refuted litter box rumors after an Instagram post received thousands of views.[3] Later in the same month, two Republican lawmakers in the Minnesota House of Representatives, Steve Drazkowski and Tim Miller, repeated debunked stories about schools providing litter boxes in a debate about a statewide student survey.[61] School board candidates in Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Dakota also made unverified claims about litter boxes being provided in schools.[10]

In May 2022, during a televised debate on a bill in the Nebraska legislature, the Republican state senator Bruce Bostelman claimed that "schools are wanting to put litter boxes in the schools" for students who were furries. A few hours after, the state senator retracted his claim and apologized, having gained backlash online.[8][62][63] In Iowa, Republican state senator Tim Kraayenbrink said at a public forum that schools were putting litter boxes in schools for furries to use. He later said that he had not verified the claim was true prior to sharing it.[10] By that same month, local school officials in Maine and Vermont had also dispelled litter box rumors.[1]

In June 2022, social media posts in Hannibal, Missouri, falsely claimed that the school district was placing water bowls and cat litter boxes in school restrooms and that the issue would be discussed at an upcoming board meeting. In response, the superintendent of the school board visited every bathroom in the district, and verified at the meeting that the rumors were untrue.[64]

In July 2022, administrators for Meade School District in South Dakota clarified in response to rumors that litter boxes would not be provided to students who self-identify as animals in response to rumors.[2] In Maine, Republican Congressional candidate Ed Thelander repeated the hoax in an interview for a far-right website. When a clip of the interview circulated widely in the media in October, Thelander said, "I don't believe it now", and that he was unable to corroborate the rumors he had heard from others.[65]

In August 2022, rumors of litter boxes were directed at two high schools in South Carolina. Administrators for Horry County Schools said the rumors were part of a nationwide hoax and untrue.[66]

In September 2022, during a rally for former president Donald Trump, congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene promoted the rumors while she was interviewed by RSBN.[6][67] Colorado Republican gubernatorial candidate Heidi Ganahl claimed falsely claimed that schools in the state were recognizing cat identifies of students.[68] Ganahl criticized schools that allowed students to dress up as cats, but she did not claim schools were providing litter boxes.[69] One school in Colorado did admit it had placed buckets of kitty litter in classrooms several years prior for a backup option in the event of an emergency lock down, but there was no evidence of any accommodations for furries in Colorado schools.[70] In Ohio, State Board of Education member Brendan Shea repeated the litter box rumor in debate about a resolution to restrict protections for LGBTQ+ students.[71] In Tennessee, state senator Janice Bowling made the litter box claim during a committee meeting and characterized it as "growing crisis"—state and local officials countered that it was false information.[72] In Rhode Island, Mary Brimer, a Republican town council member for North Kingstown, posted on social media that two local students were identifying as cats and were being accommodated with litter boxes in school restrooms—the superintendent of the local school district said the rumors were false.[73] Local education officials in South Carolina[74] and Pennsylvania[75] issued public statements to refute local and national rumors that litter boxes were being provided in schools. In Minnesota, Republican gubernatorial candidate Scott Jensen repeated the false rumor in a campaign speech about gender identity issues.[9] Jensen said:

"But what about education? What are we doing to our kids? Why are we telling elementary kids that they get to choose their gender this week? Why do we have litter boxes in some of the school districts so kids can pee in them, because they identify as a furry? We've lost our minds. We've lost our minds."[9]

Jensen's campaign declined media requests to substantiate the litter box claim, which the Minnesota Department of Education and several school districts refuted.[76][77]

In October 2022, Illinois Republican congressional candidate in the 11th district Catalina Lauf reacted to a CNN news story about Jensen's false claim, saying on Twitter, "...this is not a hoax and is happening in schools in Illinois, too".[78] When confronted by local media to validate the claim, Lauf instead criticized a state policy to provide free menstrual hygiene products in schools and teachers who refer to children by their preferred gender pronouns.[79] At a campaign event, congresswoman Lauren Boebert alleged that litter boxes were being provided to students who identify as cats in Durango, Colorado, which administrators for the local school district said were untrue.[15][10][80] In North Carolina, Iredell-Statesville Schools considered a ban on students wearing furry costumes, in part due to the burden of staff having to refute unsubstantiated rumors about litter boxes in restrooms.[81] The school district, along with nearby Lincoln County Schools, said there was no evidence of litter boxes being used on campuses.[82] While interviewing Tulsi Gabbard on his Spotify show, Joe Rogan shared a rumor that a school was providing a litter box for a student that identified as a cat. Rogan offered no evidence to support the claim,[83] which was circulated on social media and shared on Instagram by the Libs of TikTok account.[10][18] Rogan said in an interview with Uproxx several weeks later that "it doesn't seem that there's any proof that they put a litter box in there", but also claimed that "there w[ere] discussions about doing it because there was one particularly wacky mother".[17] During an interview with Ohio Republican Senate candidate J.D. Vance, Christian talk show host Bill Cunningham said that schools were providing litter boxes for students to defecate in.[19] During a tele-town hall with U.S. Senator Ron Johnson of Wisconsin, a participant shared a rumor that litter boxes were being placed in West Bend schools.[84]

While speaking to supporters at a campaign event, retired brigadier general and United States Senate candidate Don Bolduc alleged schools were providing litter boxes to students who dress up as furries and cats.[16] In November 2022, Bolduc said during a televised debate that the burden was on the school to proof that litter boxes were not being used;[85] the school named by Bolduc confirmed it was a false allegation.[86] Virginia Chamlee of People said that Bolduc's repeating of the false claims during his political campaign may have alienated moderate voters and led to his defeat by Maggie Hassan in the race for a New Hampshire United States Senate seat.[87] Several school officials in San Luis Obispo County, California, had to refute false litter box rumors, which may have emanated from the promulgation of the hoax by radio show host Joe Rogan.[88] Rogan subsequently admitted to spreading misinformation.[89] As he endorsed two local school board candidates, Indiana Republican state representative Robert Morris falsely claimed schools were providing "litter boxes in bathrooms for students identifying as animals".[90]

Fact-checking assessments

Several news media and fact-checking organizations have debunked the claims that schools were providing litter boxes to students to use in restrooms as unsubstantiated.[38]

In early 2022, Snopes rated claims of litter boxes being placed in restrooms in Michigan schools as "false"[11] and the Agence France-Presse said they were "baseless".[91] As rumors spread in April 2022, news fact-checking organization PolitiFact did not find any credible news reports to support the claim that schools were providing litter boxes for students and rated the claim "Pants on Fire!".[92] Two fact-checking assessment by Reuters, in July 2022 and again in October 2022, concluded that there was no evidence that schools were officially recognizing the animal expressions of students participating in the furry fandom trend or accommodating students with litter boxes.[93][83] According to an NBC News analysis, by mid October 2022, at least 20 conservative candidates and election officials had asserted that elementary and secondary schools were providing litter boxes or other accommodations for students who identify as cats—every school district named in such claims said they were false.[10] A review of the rumors by center-right news website The Bulwark reached a similar conclusion as NBC News and referred to the hoax as "Furrygate".[94][95]

Reactions

News media columnists

Elizabeth Brown from Reason suggested the litter box rumors became popular due to "lin[ing] up perfectly with conservative fears about transgender and non-binary students".[96] Kelly Weill from The Daily Beast argued that the politicization of furries in classrooms was a proxy for the broader cultural discussion about race and gender issues.[22] Michelle Goldberg of The New York Times argued the rumors were part of a generational conflict over sex and gender identity issues in schools, and compared the rumors to the satanic panic frenzy of the 1980s.[97] Columnist Gene Lyons in a Chicago Sun-Times opinion piece compared the litter box hoax to the moral panics behind the 16th century werewolves tales in Germany and the witch hunts of 17th century New England.[95] Hayes Brown, an MSNBC opinion columnist, said it was unclear if politicians spreading the rumors actually believed them or not, but that either way the act of repeating the rumors was "to the detriment of trans kids".[21]

Ben Cost of the conservative tabloid newspaper New York Post said while explaining the history of the Michigan rumors that, "It's load of kitty litter."[98] Christopher Tremoglie of the conservative website Washington Examiner said that rumors in mid 2022 of litter boxes in Iowa schools were false. He also said regarding a widely circulated story by the Herald Sun tabloid newspaper about an Australian teenager allowed to act as a cat in class that was never verified,[99] and of the broader discussion of gender identify issues, "This is the world we live in today, and this is the danger created by normalizing transgender delusions in young students who may get over it. The enabling of this behavior is [helping] people with legitimate mental health issues get applause instead of the medical help they truly need."[23]

In an opinion article in the Arizona Daily Star, Judy Doll argued that Republican politicians were using the litter box hoax as a way to call "into question the moral values of everyone associated with public schools".[100] Kathie Obradovich, a opinion editor with the Iowa Capital Dispatch, argued that the litter box hoax served the political purpose of instilling fear in parents of public schools as a way to shift public education dollars towards private and religious schools.[101] Todd Dorman of The Gazette made a similar argument.[102]

LGBTQ+ activists

Local LGBTQ+ activists in Prince Edward Island said the October 2021 litter box rumors were a form of internet trolling in an attempt "to make the queer community seem ridiculous, in order to paint all of the community's concerns as absurd".[25] James Factora, a writer with LGBT news website Them, compared the litter box hoax to 2020 United States election conspiracy theories, stating, "The tactic of repeating a completely baseless lie until it becomes widely accepted as truth has become perhaps the most emblematic rhetorical strategy of the GOP."[27] Geoff Wetrosky of the Human Rights Campaign, said, "The attention this freakish lie has received on social media illustrates the pernicious influence of disinformation and that anti-LGBTQ+ politicians will do and say anything to animate the most extreme fringe—no matter the consequence."[103] Leigh Finke, a transgender candidate for the Minnesota House of Representatives in the 2022 election, said about the rumors, "It's a really gross thing no one should have to hear. It is not true. And I don't want to waste my time saying trans kids aren't animals."[104]

Teachers

Education Minnesota said that the internet hoax "appears to be an attempt to discredit school policies intended to make schools safe and welcoming for students".[76]

Satire and comedy

Australian satirical website Damascus Dropbear published a new fake story in August 2022 about a school in Melbourne providing litter boxes.[105] Television show host John Oliver debunked litter box claims on the episode of "Last Week Tonight" that aired on October 24, 2022.[106]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "2SLGBTQI+" is the acronym for two-spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, intersex.

References

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  2. ^ a b Holland, Deb (July 18, 2022). "Meade schools won't have litter boxes". Black Hills Pioneer. Retrieved October 9, 2022.
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  11. ^ a b c MacGill, Dan (January 24, 2022). "Did a Michigan School District Install Litter Boxes in Bathrooms?". Snopes. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
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  33. ^ Puente, Nathaniel (October 3, 2022). "'Furry' costume ban proposed by Iredell-Statesville school board". WCNC-TV. Retrieved October 7, 2022.
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Further reading

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