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Turkish Radio and Television Corporation

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"TRT" redirects here. For other uses, see TRT (disambiguation).

Turkish Radio and Television Corporation
Native name
Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu
Company typeIncentive
IndustryTelevision station
Radio station
Founded1 May 1964; 60 years ago (1964-05-01) (Ankara Radio)
31 October 1968; 56 years ago (1968-10-31) (TRT 1)
HeadquartersÇankaya, Ankara, Turkey
Key people
Zahid Sobacı (Director general)
Ahmet Albayrak (Chairman of the Board)
OwnerGovernment of Turkey
Websitewww.trt.net.tr

The Turkish Radio and Television Corporation (TRT; Turkish: Türkiye Radyo ve Televizyon Kurumu) is the national public broadcaster of Turkey, founded in 1964. TRT was for many years the only television and radio provider in Turkey. Before the introduction of commercial radio in 1990, and subsequently commercial television in 1992, it held a monopoly on broadcasting. More recent deregulation of the Turkish television broadcasting market produced analogue cable television. Today, TRT broadcasts around the world, including in Europe, Middle East, Africa, Asia, the United States, and Australia.

Around 70% of TRT's funding comes from a license tax on television and radio receivers. Additionally, a 2% TRT tax was added to the electricity bills until January 2022. As these are hypothecated taxes, as opposed to the money allocated to general government funds, the principle is similar to that of the television licence levied in a number of other countries, such as the BBC in the United Kingdom. The rest of TRT's funding comes from government grants (around 20%), with the final 10% coming from advertising.[1]

History

TRT's headquarters in Ankara.
TRT Istanbul Tepebaşı studios

TRT's predecessor, Türkiye Radyoları was one of 23 founding broadcasting organisations of the European Broadcasting Union in 1950; it would return to the EBU fold as TRT in 1972. The original company started radio test broadcasts in 1926, with a studio built in Istanbul in 1927 and a studio in Ankara following in 1928.

Test transmissions started on TRT 1 on 31 January 1968. A full national television schedule, which at that time linked the areas in and around Ankara, Istanbul, and İzmir, started in December 1971.[2] TRT renewed its membership in the European Broadcasting Union (having been a founding member previously offering only radio) starting on 26 August 1972, with Turkey's first Eurovision Network event, a football match (Turkey vs. Italy), airing across Europe on 13 January 1973.[2] TRT also joined the Asia-Pacific Broadcasting Union in 1976, the same year their first colour television test was showcased via laboratory at the general assembly of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference.[2]

All programming was in black and white from the start of test transmissions in 1968 until the New Year's Eve programming on 31 December 1981, when the first on-air colour tests started.[3] The entire lineup switched to colour on 15 March 1984.[3]

TRT organised the Eurovision Song Contest 2004, with the semi-final on 12 May 2004 and the final on 15 May 2004.

On 19 May 2012, TRT 1 HD started simulcasting with TRT 1 upscaled to full HD 16:9 DVB-S2 standard.

In January 2018, TRT celebrated its 50th anniversary. All TRT channels broadcast a collection of old idents and news studio (still being modern logo) as part of the celebration in form of nostalgia. Each day new idents were made. This event also happened in 1978, 1988, 1998 and 2008.

On May 9, 2023, TRT Diyanet Children's channel started its test broadcast.[4][5]

During the July 2016 coup attempt, TRT offices in Istanbul and Ankara were raided by lieutenant colonel Umit Gencer and other soldiers. TRT news anchor Tijen Karas was forced to read a statement from the plotters live on TV declaring the coup. After the coup attempt, people in TRT were either fired or forced to retire. According to Haber-Sen Union, 1800 workers were forced to retire. The union protested this situation on 21 November 2018 in Istanbul, Ankara, Diyarbakir and Brussels.[6] During the protests, TRT employees stated that they were exposed to psychological pressure defined as MOBING. TRT employee Osman Köse stated that more than 3,000 TRT employees had been transferred to other state institutions and 5,000 people had been dismissed from TRT.[7] Many TRT employees were dismissed and imprisoned on charges related to the coup attempt. According to the list published in the 'Resmi Gazete' of the state, 312 people were dismissed.[8] According to a report provided by Gülen-linked NGO Stockholm Center for Freedom (SCF), approximately 150 TRT employees were accused of being members of a 'terrorist organisation'.[9]

Services

Television channels

During the days when the photo was taken, Radio Station Ankara used to do live broadcasting. Every Saturday, Radio Kids Club programme was broadcast. Ankara Radio Station started broadcasting at the basement floor of Ankara Palas in 1927. After moving several times, it finally settled in its final destination at the Atatürk Boulevard since 28 October 1938.

All television channels can be watched via Turksat satellite in Europe in Asia and terrestrial in Turkey and neighbouring countries. Some of them are also found on cable TV systems.

Domestic

  • TRT 1 (launched January 1968) – General entertainment channel with a broad schedule featuring local and foreign series, Turkish and Hollywood cinema, live shows with Turkish folk music, Turkish classical music and pop music, live sport, news & current affairs plus special events.
  • TRT 2 (launched September 1986, shut down March 2010, relaunched February 2019) – Highbrow channel with a broad schedule featuring cultural and educational shows, heavy promotion of the arts (Turkish and international), cultural talkshows, documentaries, and local and foreign films.
  • TRT 3 Spor (launched October 1989) – Live and archive sport including Formula 1, World and European Figure Skating Championships, World and European Athletics Championships, Turkish Women's Volleyball league, U18 Basketball plus feature programmes. When parliament is in session, TRT 3 relays live coverage of the Turkish Grand National Assembly (TBMM-TV).
  • TRT Çocuk (launched November 2008) – Children's programming, animated programmes and educational programmes. The station now broadcasts 24 hours a day.
  • TRT Kurdî (launched January 2009) – Channel broadcasting in Kurdish.
  • TRT Müzik (launched November 2009) – 24-hour music channel with Turkish folk and classical music. It also airs pop, rock, jazz & ethnic music.
  • TRT Belgesel (launched November 2009) – 24-hour documentary channel.
  • TRT Haber (launched May 2010) – News and current affairs, sports news and weather.
  • TRT 4K (launched February 2015) – Ultra HD television channel of TRT. This is the first 4K television channel in Turkey.[10]
  • TRT Spor Yıldız [tr] (launched September 2019[11]) – Alternate channel to TRT Spor.

International

TRT Avaz announcer who interviewed during the 2014 state elections in Austria.
  • TRT Türk (16:9, not encoded in DVB signal) (formerly known as TRT INT) – International news, current affairs, documentaries and cultural programming aimed at both Turks and Turkish speaking audience living abroad. It's the first TRT channel to make extensive use of a private production company for news programming.
  • TRT Avaz (formerly known as TRT Türk) (launched March 2009) – International channel aimed at the Turkic republics and Turks living in the Balkans. The channel has a focus on entertainment and documentaries as opposed to TRT Türk's new focus on news. Programmes are broadcast in a mixture of languages including Turkish, Azerbaijani, Kazakh, Uzbek and Turkmen.
  • TRT World – International news, current affairs, documentaries and cultural programming in English for international audiences.
  • TRT Arabi (launched April 2010) – Broadcasts 24 hours a day in Arabic language with programs aimed at Arabs in Turkey, as well as the wider Arab world and Middle East.

Minority languages

TRT has a special TV channel for Kurdish that broadcasts on a 24-hour / 7-day basis called TRT Kurdî and other TV and Radio stations that broadcast programmes in the local languages and dialects like Armenian, Arabic, Bosnian and Circassian a few hours a week.[12][13]

Another special TV channel aimed at the Turkic world, TRT Avaz was launched on 21 March 2009 and broadcasts in the Azerbaijani, Bosnian, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Uzbek and Turkmen languages; while the TRT Arabic television channel started broadcasting on 4 April 2010.[14]

Closing and opening times throughout the years

  • 31 January 1968: TRT 1 launched at 19:15 and closed at 20:51
  • 1970: TRT 1 launched at 19:00 and closed at 22:00
  • 1975: TRT 1 weeknights launched at 19:00 and closed at 23:00 and weekends launched at 18:00 and closed at midnight
  • 1981: TRT 1 weeknights launched at 19:45 and closed at 23:00, Saturdays launched at 17:00 and closed at 23:40 and Sundays launched at 10:00 and closed at 23:00
  • 1984: TRT 1 weeknights launched at 19:00 and closed at 23:00, Saturdays launched at 17:30 and closed at midnight and Sundays launched at 14:00 and closed at midnight
  • 1986: TRT 1 close at midnight, TRT 2 at 23:30 or midnight
  • 1987: TRT 1 and TRT 2 close at midnight
  • 1988: TRT 1 close at 01:00, TRT 2 at midnight
  • 1989: TRT 1 close at 01:00, TRT 2 and TRT 3 at midnight
  • 1990: TRT 1 close at 01:00, TRT 2 and TRT 3 at midnight, TRT 4 at 23:30
  • 1992: TRT 1 close at 02:00, TRT 2 at 01:00, TRT 3 at midnight, TRT 4 at 23:30
  • 1993: TRT 2 at 01:00, TRT 3 at midnight, TRT 4 at 23:30
  • 1997: TRT 1 and 2 close at 02:00, TRT 3 and 4 at midnight
  • 2002: TRT 1 & 2 open 24/7. 3 and 4 open 7:00-0:30
  • Since 2010: all channels 24/7 (TRT 4/TRT Çocuk (4th channel of TRT) and TRT GAP/TRT Spor/TBMM-TV (3rd channel of TRT) couples are exception but in whole couples they broadcast 24/7 too.)

Radio channels

TRT Radio Istanbul headquarters in Harbiye, Şişli, Istanbul
  • Radyo 1 (launched in May 1927) – spoken-word programmes including culture, arts, drama, news, science, society, education and history
  • TRT FM (formerly Radyo 2, launched in May 1964) – A mixture of Turkish pop, folk and classical music, foreign pop, call ins, news and travel information
  • Radyo 3 (launched in September 1974) – Classical music, jazz, world music, foreign pop & rock
  • TRT Kurdî Radyo [tr] (formerly Radyo 6, launched in 2009) – Broadcasting in Kurdish language for Kurds in Turkey
  • TRT Radyo Haber [tr] (launched in September 1993) – News programmes
  • TRT Nağme – Turkish classical music
  • TRT Memleketim FM [tr] – Broadcasting for Turks in Europe
  • TRT Türkü – Turkish folk music and türkü
  • Voice of Turkey (launched in December 1982) – Broadcasting with 26 different languages and around the World.

Regional channels

Teletext and EPG

TRT started teletext trial-runs with the name “Telegün” on 3 December 1990. All TV channels are broadcasting the teletext. 6 channels are also broadcasting their programs with the Electronic program guide (EPG).

News

TRT offers online news services in Turkish and other languages.[15]

Logos

  • 1968 - 1985
    1968 - 1985
  • 1985 – 1990
    1985 – 1990
  • 1990 – 2001
    1990 – 2001
  • 2001 – 2018, still used in some channels until 2021.
    2001 – 2018, still used in some channels until 2021.
  • 2018 – present, first used by TRT World from 2015.
    2018 – present, first used by TRT World from 2015.

See also

References

  1. ^ EU Monitoring and Advocacy Program - Television across Europe. Turkey Archived 1 November 2005 at the Wayback Machine
  2. ^ a b c "?" (PDF). Gov.tr.
  3. ^ a b "Historical Background of radio and television broadcasting in Turkey".
  4. ^ "TRT'den yeni bir çocuk kanalı". www.trthaber.com (in Turkish). 10 May 2023. Archived from the original on 10 May 2023. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  5. ^ "@DIBAliErbas". Twitter (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 10 May 2023. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
  6. ^ "1800 Çalışanın Emekli Olduğu TRT'de Neler Oluyor?". Amerika'nin Sesi | Voice of America - Turkish. 21 November 2018.
  7. ^ "https://www.dw.com/tr/trtde-tasfiye-tedirginli%C4%9Fi/a-45121364">[1]
  8. ^ "TRT'den ihraç edilenlerin tam listesi". www.medyaloji.net.
  9. ^ "Jailed and wanted Journalists in Turkey- Updated List".
  10. ^ "TRT World". TRT World. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  11. ^ "TRT'den dev adım". www.trtspor.com.tr.
  12. ^ Turkish Directorate General of Press and Information (2003). "Historical background of radio and television broadcasting in Turkey". Turkish Prime Minister's Office. Archived from the original on 30 August 2006. Retrieved 10 August 2006.
  13. ^ Nasuhi Güngör (2009). "Kurdish TRT". Zaman. Archived from the original on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2009.
  14. ^ "TRT Arapça Bugün Açılıyor". Trt.net.tr. 13 January 2011. Archived from the original on 7 April 2010. Retrieved 4 November 2012.
  15. ^ "TRT Dış Yayınlar Dairesi Başkanlığı". www.trtvotworld.com. Retrieved 21 March 2021.
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