Albert Sabin
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Albert Sabin | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | August 26, 1906 |
| Died | March 3, 1993 (aged 86) |
| Nationality | Poland |
| Citizenship | United States |
| Alma mater | New York University |
| Known for | oral polio vaccine |
| Awards | see article |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | immunology |
Albert Bruce Sabin (August 26, 1906 – March 3, 1993) was an American medical researcher best-known for having developed an oral polio vaccine.
Life
Albert Bruce Sabin was born in 1906 in Białystok, Russia (now Poland), to Jewish parents, Jacob and Tillie Saperstein, in 1921 he immigrated with his family to America. In 1930 he became a naturalized citizen of the United States and changed his name to Sabin.
Sabin received a medical degree from New York University in 1931. He trained in internal medicine, pathology and surgery at Bellevue Hospital in New York City from 1931-1933. In 1934 he conducted research at The Lister Institute for Preventive Medicine in England, then joined the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (now Rockefeller University). During this time he developed an intense interest in research, especially in the area of infectious diseases. In 1939 he moved to Cincinnati Children's Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio. During World War II he was a lieutenant colonel in the US Army Medical Corps and helped develop vaccines against dengue fever and Japanese encephalitis. Maintaining his association with Children's Hospital, by 1946 he had also become the head of Pediatric Research at the University of Cincinnati.
With the menace of polio growing, Sabin and other researchers, most notably Jonas Salk in Pittsburgh and Hilary Koprowski in New York and Philadelphia, sought a vaccine to prevent or mitigate the illness. In 1955, Salk's "killed" vaccine was tested and released for use. It was effective in preventing most of the complications of polio, but did not prevent the initial, intestinal infection. Sabin's "live"-virus vaccine, developed from attenuated polio virus that he had received from Hilary Koprowski, began international testing through the World Health Organization in 1957, when large groups of children in Russia, Holland, Mexico, Chile, Sweden and Japan received it. In 1961 the United States Public Health Service endorsed his "live"-polio-virus vaccine. Prepared with cultures of attenuated polio viruses, it could be taken orally and prevented the actual contraction of the disease. It was this vaccine that effectively eliminated polio from the United States.
Honors
- Election to the Polio Hall of Fame, which was dedicated in Warm Springs, Georgia, on January 2, 1958
- National Medal of Science (1970)
- Presidential Medal of Freedom (1986)
- In 1999, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center named its new education and conference center for Sabin.
- In March 2006, the US Postal Service issued a commemorative 87-cent postage stamp carrying his image, in its Distinguished Americans series. [1]
References
- Saldías G, Ernesto (2006). "[Centennary of Albert B. Sabin MD birthdate]". Revista chilena de infectología : órgano oficial de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectología. 23 (4): 368–9. doi:/S0716-10182006000400013. PMID 17186087.
{{cite journal}}: Check|doi=value (help); Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laysummary=,|laydate=, and|laysource=(help); Unknown parameter|doi_brokendate=ignored (|doi-broken-date=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|quotes=ignored (help) - Smith, Derek R (2005). "Pioneering figures in medicine: Albert Bruce Sabin--inventor of the oral polio vaccine". The Kurume medical journal. 52 (3): 111–6. doi:10.2739/kurumemedj.52.111. PMID 16422178.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|laysource=,|laysummary=, and|month=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|quotes=ignored (help) - Emed, A (2000). "[Albert B Sabin (1906-1993)]". Harefuah. 138 (8): 702–3. PMID 10883218.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|laysource=, and|laysummary=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|quotes=ignored (help) - Chanock, R M (1996). "Reminiscences of Albert Sabin and his successful strategy for the development of the live oral poliovirus vaccine". Proc. Assoc. Am. Physicians. 108 (2): 117–26. PMID 8705731.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|laysource=, and|laysummary=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|quotes=ignored (help) - Dalakas, M C (1995). "Opening remarks. On post-polio syndrome and in honor of Dr. Albert B. Sabin". Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 753: xi–xiv. PMID 7611615.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|laysource=, and|laysummary=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|quotes=ignored (help) - Beumer, J (1994). "[Academic eulogy of Professor Albert Bruce Sabin, foreign honorary member]". Bull. Mem. Acad. R. Med. Belg. 149 (5–7): 220–4. PMID 7795544.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|laysource=,|laysummary=, and|month=(help); Unknown parameter|quotes=ignored (help) - Horaud, F (1993). "Albert B. Sabin and the development of oral poliovaccine". Biologicals. 21 (4): 311–6. doi:10.1006/biol.1993.1089. PMID 8024745.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laysummary=,|laydate=, and|laysource=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|quotes=ignored (help) - Melnick, J L (1993). "Albert B. Sabin". Biologicals. 21 (4): 297–303. PMID 8024743.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|laysource=, and|laysummary=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|quotes=ignored (help) - "Homage to Albert Sabin". Biologicals. 21 (4): 295–384. 1993. PMID 8024742.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|laysource=, and|laysummary=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|quotes=ignored (help) - Newsom, B (1993). "In memoriam: Albert B. Sabin, M.D., 1906-1993". Journal of the South Carolina Medical Association (1975). 89 (6): 311. PMID 8320975.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|laysource=, and|laysummary=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|quotes=ignored (help) - Grouse, L D (1993). "Albert Bruce Sabin". JAMA. 269 (16): 2140. doi:10.1001/jama.269.16.2140. PMID 8468772.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laysummary=,|laydate=, and|laysource=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|quotes=ignored (help) - Koprowski, H (1993). "Albert B. Sabin (1906-1993)". Nature. 362 (6420): 499. doi:10.1038/362499a0. PMID 8464487.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laysummary=,|laydate=, and|laysource=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|quotes=ignored (help) - Sabin, A B (1984). "Landmark article Aug 6, 1960: Live, orally given poliovirus vaccine. Effects of rapid mass immunization on population under conditions of massive enteric infection with other viruses. By Albert B. Sabin, Manuel Ramos-Alvarez, José Alvarez-Amezquita, William Pelon, Richard H. Michaels, Ilya Spigland, Meinrad A. Koch, Joan M. Barnes, and Johng S. Rhim". JAMA. 251 (22): 2988–93. PMID 6371279.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|laysource=, and|laysummary=(help); Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|quotes=ignored (help) - Benison, S (1982). "International medical cooperation: Dr. Albert Sabin, live poliovirus vaccine and the Soviets". Bulletin of the history of medicine. 56 (4): 460–83. PMID 6760938.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|laysource=,|laysummary=, and|month=(help); Unknown parameter|quotes=ignored (help) - Dixon, B (1977). "Medicine and the media: polio still paralyses (Albert Sabin, Jonas Salk)". British journal of hospital medicine. 18 (6): 595. PMID 342023.
{{cite journal}}: Cite has empty unknown parameters:|laydate=,|laysource=, and|laysummary=(help); Unknown parameter|month=ignored (help); Unknown parameter|quotes=ignored (help) - Draffin, R W (1977). "Citation for Dr. Albert B. Sabin of Charleston, S.C. on presentation of Honorary Fellowship 1976". The Journal of the American College of Dentists. 44 (1): 28–30. PMID 320241.
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