International reactions to the 2006 Lebanon War
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Reactions by the UN and national representatives
The top UN official in Lebanon said "Hezbollah’s action escalates the already tense situation along the Blue Line and is an act of very dangerous proportions," in a statement. Kofi Annan demanded Hezbollah free the two captured Israeli soldiers. He has sent a three man party to the Middle East to urge countries to show restraint.[1][2] Jan Egeland, a top United Nations humanitarian official, said that Israeli response is in violation of international law. He was equally critical of Hezbollah and Hamas for abducting Israeli soldiers.[3] He also said that those who had seized Israeli soldiers and fired rockets into Israel from southern Lebanon bore their share of the blame.[4] Egeland also criticized Hezbollah for using the civilian population as cover, telling the BBC, "I also clearly see that Hezbollah is trying to blend into the civilian population in too many places and they bear also a heavy responsibility for this. They do not seem to care that they really inflict a lot of suffering on their own population."[5] UN Secretary General Kofi Annan: "What is most urgently needed is an immediate cessation of hostilities for three vital reasons: …"[6]
- On 17 July UN Secretary General Kofi Annan and UK Prime Minister Tony Blair called for an international force to be sent to Lebanon to stop the attacks on Israel by Hezbollah. Mr Blair was quoted as saying that the force could "stop the bombardment coming over into Israel and therefore gives Israel a reason to stop its attacks on Hezbollah".[7]
- On 19 July, Kofi Annan went on to condemn Israel's use of force saying that "I condemn without reservations the attack in southern Lebanon, and demand that Israeli troops be released immediately."[8]
- On 20 July UN Secretary General Kofi Annan demanded both sides stop all violence immediately, condemning Hezbollah for sparking the conflict but also attacking Israel for its "excessive use of force".[9]
According to United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan: "What is most urgently needed is an immediate cessation of hostilities for three vital reasons: first, prevent further loss of innocent life and the infliction of further suffering; second, to allow full humanitarian access to those in need; the third, give diplomacy the chance to work out a practical package of actions that would provide a lasting solution to the current crisis."[10]
- On 26 July US blocks UN from condemning Israel, The United States blocked the UN Security Council from issuing a statement that would have condemned Israel's bombing of a UN post on the Lebanon border that killed four military observers overnight Tuesday.[11]
- On 29 July Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator Jan Egeland appealed for a seventy-two hour truce to allow for humanitarian relief of the civilian population in Lebanon. This was later disputed by the Israeli's as they said all relief efforts were already ongoing.[12]
- On 30 July following the bombing of Qana by IAF the Secretary General condemned the attack and urged the UN Security Council to also condemn it. Immediately prior to the attack a second IAF bombing had taken place on a UN post on 29 July and a crowd in Beirut had also attacked UN officials in outrage for the Qana incident. Annan said:
"We must condemn this action in the strongest possible terms, and I appeal to you [the Security Council] to do likewise.. The tragic events in Qana remind us that, ten years ago over 100 people who had taken refuge in this same village suffered a similar fate. We must deliver the region from this seemingly endless cycle of violence"[13]
Middle East
On July 27, the US-backed government of Afghanistan, together with Iran and Tajikistan denounced Israel's attacks against Lebanon. "We feel sad about the death of dozens of civilians in Lebanon and ask for solving the crisis through diplomatic channels," stated Afghan President Hamid Karzai.[14]
President Mubarak of Egypt and King Abdullah II of Jordan criticized Hezbollah's actions as harmful, as it may have "the region being dragged into ‘adventurism' that does not serve Arab interests."[15] Foreign minister Aboul Gheit stated "Targeting civilians under the pretext of fighting terrorism is unacceptable and unjustified. Israeli practices violate international law. We condemn any military action that targets civilians. We consider it a terrorist act, regardless of who the civilians are or its source."[16] Hosni Mubarak, the Egyptian president, condemned the Israeli military aggression in Lebanon but also indirectly criticised Hezbollah for harming Arab interests.[17]
Egyptian Foreign Minister Aboul Gheit said, "A cease-fire is imperative and we have to keep working to reach that objective. It is imperative. We have to bring it to an end as soon as possible. Thank you."[18]
Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak, was made a number of comments on the violence. He was criticised for saying on a 9 July broadcast for Al Arabiya satellite TV station:
"Definitely Iran has influence on Shi'ites. Shi'ites are 65 percent of the Iraqis . . . Most of the Shi'ites are loyal to Iran, and not to the countries they are living in"[19]
Following this in a newspaper interview with Egypt's Al-Gomhuriyya daily on 26 July, the Egyptian President said:
"Those who urge Egypt to go to war to defend Lebanon or Hizbullah are not aware that the time of exterior adventures is over.. This was possible at a time when the Egyptian population was only 24 million , but it is not possible now with 75 million citizens in need of development, services, job opportunities and residential projects."[20]
The next day an interview with TIME magazine was published where the President is quoted as saying that Israeli conduct in Lebanon: "went way too far" and has "triggered an increasing rage within the Arabs, Moslems and worldwide."[21] The President is also reported to have told TIME:
"Military operations will not solve Israel's problems with Hizbullah. An immediate cease-fire is the utmost priority. Cessation of hostilities would create the environment conducive to addressing such problems in a candid manner. The bloodshed and the heavy toll of Israel's operations must be brought to an end."[22]
Foreign ministry spokesman Hamid-Reza Asefi condemned Israel's response stating, "The Zionist regime is desperate because of the resistance put up by regional Muslim nations and is now resorting to blind tactics against the innocent people of Lebanon with full US backing."[23] Iran also adds that an Israeli attack against Syria would be considered an attack against the entire Muslim world and it would bring about a "fierce response."[24] Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, quoted by the Iranian News Agency, said "The Zionists think that they are victims of Hitler, but they act like Hitler and behave worse than Genghis Khan."[25]
Ahmadinejad stated on 27 July that:
Not only has the occupying regime [Israel] attacked and destroyed Lebanon under the support of certain countries, it has victimized several hundred women and children while thousands of people have been displaced escaping Israeli bombardment.[26]
During a visit to Beirut on 2 August Iranian Foreign Minister Manouchehr Mottaki referring to the 'Rome convention' of late July said:
"We consider those, who helped in preventing the Rome convention from condemning and stopping the attack, as partners to the Zionist entity in its savage crimes committed against innocent women and children in Lebanon."[27]
On 3 August, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad said the solution to the Middle East crisis was to destroy Israel, state-media reported. In a speech during an emergency meeting of Muslim leaders in Malaysia, Ahmadinejad also called for an immediate cease-fire to end the fighting between Israel and the Iranian-backed group Hezbollah.[28]
On 14 July Iraqi Parliament Speaker Mahmoud Al-Mashhadani condemned Israeli attacks on Lebanon and called on the UN Security Council and international community to act, warning against the outcome for the region. Mahmoud Al-Mashhadani reportedly indicated that the "attacks reflected Israel's disrespect of the international community and international agreements."[29]
Hoshyar Zebari, Iraqi Foreign Minister in the US-backed government, also represented Iraq at a closed session meeting in Cairo with Arab League Foreign Ministers on 15 July. The meeting was convened to discuss the possibility of a resolution on the conflict.
Iraqi Prime Minister Nuri al-Maliki is reported to have condemned Israel during the conflict saying "We call on the world to take quick stands to stop the Israeli aggression" and "[Israel's] excessive use of force is to be condemned".[30][29]
A statement from the Jordanian Government said "Jordan stands against whoever exposes the Palestinian people and their cause, Lebanon and its sovereignty to unexpected dangers. Israel's use of force against unarmed civilians and the outcome in terms of the human loss and destruction of civil institutions."[16] Jordan has also denounced Hezbollah's actions believing them to be harmful to Arab interests in the region.[31][15]
Prime Minister Sheikh Nasser Al-Mohammed Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah condemned what it cited as "Israeli aggression on the Lebanese people" and expressed solidarity with Lebanon. Sheikh Nasser made his statement after receiving Lebanese Member of Parliament and Head of Future Block Saad Rafiq Al-Hariri.[32]
Palestinian Authority chairman Mahmoud Abbas described Israel's incursion as the start of an escalation to a large-scale Middle East war. He urged World Powers "to stop this serious deterioration".[33]
A Saudi official quoted by the Saudi Press Agency on July 13 was critical of Hezbollah guerrillas - without naming them - of "uncalculated adventures" that precipitated the latest Middle East crisis. "A difference should be drawn between legitimate resistance and rash adventures carried out by elements inside the state and those behind them without consultation or coordination with Arab countries. ... The Kingdom sees that it is time for those elements alone to shoulder the full responsibility for this irresponsible behavior and that the burden of ending the crisis they have created falls on them alone."[34][15]
Vice President Farouk al-Sharaa says that Israel is responsible for the conflict, due to the Israeli occupation of the West Bank.[35] The Syrian Baath Party has also expressed its solidarity and support with Hezbollah.[36] Syria's military has been put on high alert. Syria's president Bashar Assad has also released a statement saying "The occupying enemy hasn't forgotten the humiliating defeat and its submissive exit from south Lebanon under the strikes bold resistance," "Syria, which stood by its brother (Lebanon) and sacrificed martyrs to defend Lebanon's freedom as we did for Syria's sovereignty, remains as always adamant in standing by our Arab people who's fighting in Lebanon and Palestine, and by the bold national resistance who struck the enemy. All threats voiced by powers in the world who support the enemy won't deter us from continuing to support our brothers," "because we believe that falling for the sake of heaven (martyrdom) is the only way to freedom and victory. We have to make all effort in training to save every drop of blood when the hour comes. The fighting continues so long our land is occupied and our rights are denied. Victory will be achieved God willing." "the Israeli enemy continues its extermination war against our proud peoples in Lebanon and Palestine. Our brothers in Lebanon are being subjected to aggression by the Israeli war machine from the air, the sea and the ground," "The aggression, killing and destruction committed by the Israelis in Lebanon are part of an operation that was planned and organized by the large forces dominating the international community."[37][38]
The ruling party, General People's Congress strongly condemned the actions of which it considered to be aggressions against the Palestinians and the Lebanese and called for the international community to intervene. Other political parties have also condemned the Israelis, and announced their support for the Palestinian and Lebanese people “in their fight for their right of survival and defeating occupier.” They also called for the closing of Israeli embassies in Arab countries.[39]
Asia
Foreign minister Li Zhaoxing urged all parties concerned to keep restraint to avoid further deterioration of the situation, expressing his close attention to and deep concern over the conflict.[40] After a Chinese U.N. observer was killed when a U.N. observation post in Lebanon was bombed by Israeli aircraft, the Chinese called for an Israeli apology and demanded that Israel stop bombing U.N. positions.[41] China has asked the U.N. Security Council to strongly condemn the Israeli bombing and the permanent representative of China in U.N. implied that U.S. resistance in allowing such condemnation would affect China's position in the nuclear program of Iran[42]
The Security Bureau reminds Hong Kong residents in Lebanon and Israel to keep abreast of latest developments and pay attention to personal safety. [7]
The Ministry of External Affairs expressed concern over the growing tensions in Lebanon and urged all parties to end the violence in favor of peaceful negotiation. "We are seriously concerned about the escalating tension in West Asia as a result of developments on the Israel-Lebanese border since yesterday which have the potential to inflame the region further and widen the conflict," the statement issued said. On July 27, 2006 India made a statement condemning Israel’s “disproportionate and excessive use of force” in Lebanon but simultaneously criticized Hezbollah for kidnapping two Israeli soldiers. Junior Foreign Minister Anand Sharma in a statement to Parliament demanded an immediate cessation to hostilities, saying Lebanon had become a “victim by default.”[43]
President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono stated that "Indonesia has repeatedly called on Israel to stop its military action ... the United Nations has to take action to prevent the conflict from escalating", earlier Foreign Minister Hassan Wirajuda said "We condemn the military actions that have killed many innocent civilians".[44]. Indonesia also warned USA that supporting Israel in the conflict may lead to a rise in fundamentalism making it more difficult for Moslem states to fight radical Islam. Indonesian foreign minister Hassan Wirajuda fears even moderate moslems may become radical.[45]
Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi urged restraint and stated “I understand the anger of the Israelis, but I hope you will not seek an eye for an eye and keep in mind the importance of peace.”[46]
On July 31st, Japan condemned the Israeli air strike in Qana and called for a cease-fire. Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi said "I think it is truly deplorable that innocent people are falling victim day after day."
Chief Cabinet secretary Shinzo Abe said, "It is extremely regrettable that this kind of incident occurred amid international calls on Israel to exercise self-restraint. We call on the parties concerned to make a cease-fire, while seeking sincere and utmost efforts by all countries concerned to resolve the problem in order to prevent civilian casualties and not to further worsen the situation." [8]
Kazakh officials have called upon the UN Security Council to adopt a consolidated resolution on the escalation of conflict in Lebanon. "Kazakhstan calls the conflicting parties to an immediate ceasefire and considers it necessary that the UN Security Council adopt a consolidated resolution on the escalation of conflict in Lebanon," stated Ilyas Omarov, press secretary of the Kazakh foreign ministry. "We deeply regret about the continuing escalation of the conflict causing sufferings of the peaceful population of Lebanon, Palestine, and Israel. Kazakhstan believes that military actions should not cause casualties among peaceful population or demolition of social infrastructure, as well as a humanitarian crisis," he stated. "A decision of Israel to suspend the air strikes for 48 hours must become a first step on the way to cessation of military actions in the region."[47]
Dato' Seri Syed Hamid Albar, the minister of foreign affairs for Malaysia, condemned "the unlawful airstrikes by Israel" and "the irresponsible use of force by Israel on Lebanon" causing "hardship and suffering to [Lebanon's] people". Malaysia urged Israel to "cease all military action" and "call[ed] upon the international community to intervene".[48] On July 20, the foreign minister told the press that Malaysia was considering plan to deploy peacekeepers to Lebanon.[49]
During an emergency meeting of Muslim leaders by the Organisation of the Islamic Conference on July 3, chairman Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi called for the convening of the United Nations General Assembly in 'emergency special session', under the terms of the "Uniting for Peace" resolution, if the Security Council failed to act immediately in the crisis. Also present at the conference were the heads of states and foreign ministers of 18 member states including Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad.[50] On August 5, Malaysia rejected plans for a dialogue with Israel to resolve the crisis on grounds of no diplomatic ties between the two nations.[51]
The foreign ministry has expressed outrage over "Israeli aggression against Lebanon and Palestine." "This attack is a flagrant violation of Lebanese sovereignty and contravenes the norms and principles of the UN charter. The aerial bombardment of Beirut airport and the naval blockade of Lebanese waters announced by the Israeli government represents a dangerous escalation. We have also watched with deep concern the Israeli attacks on Gaza that have resulted in enormous losses in life and property." The statement also said that "the latest Israeli aggression against Palestinian territories and Lebanon have undermined hopes and efforts for peace in the region. The situation demands restraint and a return to diplomacy and negotiations."[52]
On 16 July Pakistan condemned the violence being committed by Israel against Lebanon and urged that attacks resulting in loss of life and property must be stopped immediately. Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz expressed these views while talking to his Lebanese counterpart Fouad Siniora on Sunday. "Pakistan appeals to the world community, the permanent members of the Security Council, the UN and other international bodies to intervene,” Mr Aziz said, adding that Pakistan stood by the people of Lebanon and respected their sovereignty and territorial integrity.[53]
President Arroyo had urged stranded OFWs to leave Lebanon at once.[54]
Several lawmakers have voiced supported for a ceasefire between Hezbollah and Israeli forces, indicating a condemnation to Israel.[55]
Tajikistan denounced Israel's attacks on Lebanon on July 27, together with Iran and Afghanistan. "We are seriously concerned about the deteriorating security conditions in the Middle East," stated Tajik President Emomali Rahmonov, "particularly more so due to Israel's attack against Lebanon that has claimed the lives of hundreds of innocent civilians so far." Rakhmonov added, "We hereby ask for an immediate end to those attacks, and the solving of the dispute through negotiations." He emphasized, "According to latest reports, most of the victims of Israeli attacks are the Lebanese children, youngsters, women, and elderly folks."[14]
The Foreign Ministry of Vietnam condemned Israel's air strike on Qana. Vietnamese Foreign Ministry Spokesman Le Dung further stated that "Vietnam calls upon all related sides to cease fire immediately and to demonstrate restraint to avoid causing harm to civilians."[56]
Europe
Foreign minister Vardan Oskanyan issued a statement that "Armenia is extremely concerned about the military actions in Lebanon and their escalation, as well as the great loss of civilian life." "Armenia condemns any violence whether it be abduction or use of force," he underscored. "We particularly denounce the use of such disproportionate force intended solely to collectively punish civilians and damage infrastructure. This kind of reaction by Israel is particularly difficult to understand given the fact that the Lebanese government has clearly distanced itself from the abduction incident. We hope that there will be restraint in the region and also hope there will be an immediate ceasefire so that the issues can be addressed by peaceful means."[57][58][59]
Ursula Plassnik, Austrian foreign minister, called for an immediate end to hostilities in Lebanon. "The [use of] blind force must stop," Plassnik said. "I appeal seriously to the Israeli army and Hezbollah to stop their attacks and no longer oppose diplomatic efforts" to end the conflict, she said.[60]
Minister of foreign affairs Karel de Gucht and Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt said that Israel has the right to defend itself, but has now responded with excessive violence. Verhofstadt also called for the release of the captured Israeli soldiers.[61][62] The Belgian-Lebanese leader of the Arab European League, Dyab Abou Jahjah, expressed his will to go to Lebanon to fight against Israel.[63]
Former High Representative Paddy Ashdown said that "It is not Hezbullah's position that is weakening now. It is Israel's. Its stated war aim was to destroy Hezbullah. It is not clear why, having failed to do this by occupying Lebanon, it thought it could achieve it by bombing," he warned.[64]
Bulgaria has voiced its concern over the growing tension in the Near East region in the last few days, Ministry of Foreign Affairs Spokesman Dimitar Tsanchev said in a press-release: "We condemn the kidnap of the two Israeli soldiers. We consider that the Shiite Lebanese organization Hisbullah should release them immediately and cease the shooting against Israeli territory, the press-release says. We bitterly condemn the bombing of the Israeli Army on Lebanon, which result in the death of tens of innocent Lebanese citizens. Israel should refrain from such actions and from breaking the borders of Lebanon," the release further said.[65]
The Danish foreign minister Per Stig Møller said that the Lebanese government has to take responsibility to prevent further terror attacks from Hezbollah in southern Lebanon. Israel has the right to act in self defense, but is also obligated to not use too strong measures.[66]
Finland, which currently holds the European Union's rotating presidency, has issued the following statement: "The European Union is greatly concerned about the disproportionate use of force by Israel in Lebanon in response to attacks by Hezbollah on Israel. The presidency deplores the loss of civilian lives and the destruction of civilian infrastructure. The imposition of an air and sea blockade on Lebanon cannot be justified."[67]
Finnish foreign minister Erkki Tuomioja, representing the EU in Israel, criticised Israeli "precision attacks" for hitting "everyone except Hezbollah" after the killing of four UN peacekeepers (including one Finnish) in southern Lebanon. [9] "Israel could be destroying Lebanon while leaving the guerrilla group Hizbullah intact", stated Tuomioja on August 11[68]
Foreign minister Philippe Douste-Blazy said the Israeli offensive on Lebanon is a "disproportionate act of war with negative consequences" which could "plunge Lebanon back into the worst years of the war with the flight of thousands of Lebanese who ... were in the process of rebuilding their country.”[69][70] “I am very concerned about the latest developments on the Israel-Lebanon border… I condemn the rocket strikes this (Wednesday) morning on the town of Qiryat Shemona. I also condemn the kidnapping of two Israeli soldiers and I ask for their immediate and unconditional release… I call on all parties to show restraint and not engage in a cycle of violence in which civilian populations would be the first victims.“[69][70]
Jacques Chirac, president of France — a country which maintained close links with Lebanon since the days of the League of Nations mandate — castigated the Israeli offensive into Lebanon on 14 July.[71]
Chancellor Angela Merkel says "We call on the powers in the region to seek to bring about a de-escalation of the situation. We cannot confuse cause and effect. The starting point is the capture of the Israeli soldiers. It is important that the government in Lebanon, which is on a peaceful path, should be strengthened, but it must be made clear that the capture [of the soldiers] cannot be tolerated. The attacks did not start from the Israeli side, but from Hezbollah's side."[16] Sunday, German Development Minister Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul voiced criticism against Israel's attacks on civilian infrastructure in Lebanon, calling it "completely unacceptable."[72]
Spokesman Evangelos Antonaros urged Hezbollah to release the captured Israeli soldiers. "Greece expresses its serious concern and is intensely troubled," the spokesman said. "It is vital, to stop the (situation) worsening, Hezbollah must immediately release the soldiers taken hostage. At the same time, Greece calls on the government of Israel to avoid the use of excessive and pointless force which cannot provide a solution to the problem."[73]
A demonstration took place on the 25th of July, near the embassy of the United States, with slogans such as "Down USA, down Israel".
The Italian foreign minister Massimo D'Alema said "We have the impression that the (Israeli) reaction is out of proportion and dangerous for the consequences it could have, I think that this, apart from some nuances, is the way the whole international community sees the situation." He then added, "We are working for moves by the EU and the G8 in the next few hours to stop the spiral of violence," making reference to the G8 meeting planned for the weekend in St. Petersburg. He also condemned Hezbollah's assault on Israeli soldiers as "unacceptable," adding that Rome had asked for the release of the soldiers being held hostage.[74]
On 16 July there were reports that Italy was attempting to broker an agreement between Israel and Lebanon. The Israelis would agree to a cease-fire immediately on two conditions: 1) The return of the two soldiers captured on 12 July. 2) The Army/Government of Lebanon would have to ensure that Hezbollah would pull back to the Litani River.[75]
Minister for Foreign Affairs Dermot Ahern said "It is now in the interests of everyone in the region that all parties act urgently on the repeated calls to exercise restraint. They must cooperate with the diplomatic efforts to resolve the crisis without further death and suffering. The Israeli Government has a particular and immediate responsibility in this regard."[76]
On July 26, Mr Dermot Ahern told RTÉ News that the Irish officer acting as liaison between the UN and the Israeli defence forces had warned them six times (before the airstrike that killed four UN observers) that their shelling was too close to UN positions. Mr Ahern continued that the deaths were the result either of an incredible accident or of deliberate targeting. The concerns were passed onto the Israeli Ambassador to the Republic of Ireland Daniel Megiddo.[77]
Following the Israeli air strike on Qana, on July 30,The Taoiseach, Bertie Ahern said "This event strongly underlines the clear message the Government has been giving out which is that an immediate ceasefire on all sides is urgently necessary. Military actions are only making a solution more difficult."[78]
A shipment of bombs that attempted to land in Republic of Ireland from Texas to Tel Aviv were denied use of Irish airspace and airfields on 29 July by the Irish Government. The weapons were part of a series of agreed arms shipments between the United States Government and Israel. The plane diverted to Prestwick Airport in Scotland. .[79]
On August 2, The Oireachtas Committee for Foreign Affairs unanimously agreed a motion condemning the bloodshed in the Middle East and calling for an immediate ceasefire and the provision of humanitarian relief for those affected.[80][81]
The Dutch foreign minister Bernard Bot has expressed "understanding for Israel's reaction" but said "it would be hard to support Israel in case there will be many civilian casualties". Moreover Israel should try everything it can to minimize civilian casualties.[82]
The Norwegian foreign minister Jonas Gahr Støre called Israel's reaction "totally unacceptable" and referred to it as "a dangerous escalation," while also condemning Hezbollah's attack on the Israeli soldiers and the kidnapping of the two Israeli soldiers.[83]
Jonas Gahr Støre stated again on July 30 2006, "The Israeli attack on the Lebanese village of Qana is a a clear-cut violation of international law.".[84]
However, he also stated, "Hezbollah has through its fighting taken the whole Lebanese population as hostage, which is totally unacceptable. The civilian population is targeted and the situation in southern Lebanon is unsafe both in safety and humanitarily. I support UN Emergency Relief Coordinator Jan Egeland's demand of an 72-hour ceasefire and the creation of a supply line to send first aid supplies to Southern Lebanon".[84]
On July 13th, the Romanian Foreign Affairs Ministry (MAE) voiced concern over the crisis. The ministry called on the parties involved to show calm and refrain from any actions that might further deteriorate the situation and might lead to new victims and inflict material damages. The MAE also stated that Hezbollah should free the two captured Israeli soldiers immediately and unconditionally and stop the attacks on Israel.[85]
On July 19th, Romanian President Traian Băsescu said in a press conference that "we are starting to face a humanitarian crisis" and urged UN Security Council to quickly adopt a solution to put an end to the insecurity in the area. "We recognize Israel’s right to security but it has generated a humanitarian crisis",[86] "Both parties must protect civilians", and "The incapacity of the international community to enforce the UN resolutions led to a humanitarian disaster" Băsescu said. Also present, Foreign Affairs Minister Răzvan Ungureanu said that "it is absolutely necessary that hostilities cease".[87]
Russia sharply criticized Israel over its onslaught against Lebanon, sparked when Hezbollah militants captured two Israeli soldiers. The Russian Foreign Ministry Sergei Lavrov said Israel's actions have gone "far beyond the boundaries of an anti-terrorist operation" and repeating calls for an immediate cease-fire.[88]
Foreign minister said "this is a disproportionate response to what has happened and if both sides are going to drive each other into a tight corner then I think that all this will develop in a very dramatic and tragic way." He added: "We firmly reaffirm support for Lebanon's sovereignty and territorial integrity."[89]
Russian Defense Minister Sergei Ivanov called on both sides to quickly calm the situation and said Hezbollah should stop using "terrorist methods."[90]
Russian President Vladimir Putin has urged both sides to halt their military actions. "This should become the starting point for resolving all other problems," Putin said. "We will urge all the sides involved in the conflict to stop bloodshed immediately."[91]
Putin also called on Israel to show restraint,[92] and a Russian newsagency said "Putin believes that Israel pursues other aims in the Middle East, except for the return of hostages."[93]
At a briefing after the first day of the G8 summit Putin said that "We condemn any terrorist attacks, including kidnappings, but there is the impression that Israel is pursuing other, broader aims other than returning the abducted servicemen." He also said that he thought there were still ways to resolve the conflict that had not been used and he urged every effort to be made.[94]
Spain's Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero issued a statement saying that "From my point of view, Israel is wrong. One thing is self defense, and the other is to launch a counter offensive consisting on a general attack in Lebanon and Gaza that is just going to further escalate violence in the area" . The Spanish Government asked also Israel to act with moderation and in proportion to these events given the need to avoid a spreading of violence, which would put the stability of the region in danger and would have as its principal victim, once again, the civilian population. Spain also called on Hezbollah to release the two Israeli soldiers.[95][96]
12:10 p.m.: The prime ministers of Spain and Turkey appealed to world leaders and international bodies to help stop hostilities in the Middle East, saying the violence threatened to drag the entire region into a "chaotic deadlock." In a joint declaration, Recep Tayyip Erdogan of Turkey and Spain's Jose Luis Rodriguez Zapatero offered to contribute to efforts toward a cease-fire. Turkey's Erdogan spoke with Bush by phone earlier in the day.[10]
The minister of foreign affairs Jan Eliasson said on July 13 (translated) "The military offensive of Israel is an extremely dangerous escalation of the situation in the region". He condemned the attack of Hezbollah, but said that the line of proportionality in the reaction had been crossed. "I am deeply critical that the civilian population is being affected."[97]
On July 30, Jan Eliasson said "It is time to end this madness. The UN Security Council must accept its responsibility and immediately adopt a resolution to bring an end to hostilities." ([11])
On July 13, the Swiss Department of Foreign Affairs condemned Israel's "disproportionate" military actions in Lebanon and stated that "Israel's reply should remain strictly proportional and not threaten a non-hostile neighboring state." It also condemned "the Hezbollah attacks against settlements in Northern Israel, which also violate international humanitarian law". The department expressed concerns of a regional conflict being ignited and called on all parties to de-escalate the situation.[98]
On July 27, the Swiss Federal Council held a special meeting to discuss the crisis. The Council announced that it deplored the human tragedy of the conflict and that it would reinforce its humanitarian aid measures; it also allocated CHF 5 million in emergency aid for the ICRC.[99] The government's failure to reiterate the foreign department's criticism of Israel and its decision not to cancel the Swiss cooperation with the Israeli armaments industry were considered by the press to be a rebuke to outspoken Socialist foreign minister Micheline Calmy-Rey by the Council's center-right majority.[100]
Turkey foreign minister Abdullah Gül urges for all sides in the Middle East to agree to a ceasefire quickly in order to prevent a further escalation from occurring. "I invite everyone to a ceasefire quickly. If a ceasefire is delayed, I see the risk of an escalation and the complete destruction of the opportunity for co-existence," Gül told reporters.[101]
Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan recently issued a statement in which he expressed his concerns about the goals of Israel and questioned whether it is "the complete invasion of Palestine", and pointed out "If that is indeed the case, certainly there will be repercussions from the entire humanity. The children of Palestine are as valuable as those of Israel." Erdoğan criticized the Israeli counterattacks, stating that "While the kidnapping in Palestine was both negative and wrong, a tenfold use of excessive force is even more so. No reason can justify bombing civilians and laying waste to cities in a merciless manner." Erdoğan also mentioned that he got a phone call from Fuad Sinyora, the Prime Minister of Lebanon, where Sinyora explained to him that "they were being wrongfully accused of a crime they did not commit" and asked him to intervene in behalf of a cease-fire. "We are going to contribute in every way we can," Erdoğan said in his statement.[102]
The government of the UK was hesitant in calling for an “immediate” stop to the fighting, and British Foreign Secretary Margaret Beckett said that “a call to the end the violence” must form an element of a “long-term peace plan.” An envoy for the EU said that Britain would "pay a heavy political price" if it continued to oppose the call for an immediate cease-fire.
On July 25, a poll was published in The Guardian indicating that only 22% of Britons believed Israel's response to the Hezbollah incursion was proportionate. The poll also showed a majority (63% of those surveyed) believe Prime Minister Blair is keeping Britain too close to the United States.[103]
Prime Minister Tony Blair personally urged for a calm mediation between both sides. "I entirely understand the desire, and indeed need, for Israel to defend itself properly and I also understand the plight of Lebanon and the Lebanese government, not to say the many Palestinians that suffer as well," he said. "The only way we are going to get this situation resolved is if we support the UN mission, get some calm into the situation and then as soon as possible... get back in to the road map towards a two-state solution that offers the only chance for stability and peace in the future." Blair also underscored the tragedy that the crisis has brought to the region. "What is happening is absolutely tragic for all the people involved, but the only solution is that the international community empowers the moderates on both sides to come to a solution."[104] On 16 July, Prime Minister Blair blamed Iran and Syria for the flare-up in the Middle East.[105]
On July 22 Kim Howells, Foreign Office minister with responsibility for the Middle East, criticised Israel's bombardment of Lebanon while on a visit to Beirut. He said "The destruction of the infrastructure, the death of so many children and so many people. These have not been surgical strikes. And it's very difficult, I think, to understand the kind of military tactics that have been used. You know, if they're chasing Hezbollah, then go for Hezbollah. You don't go for the entire Lebanese nation."[106]
On July 25 Menzies Campbell, leader of the Liberal Democrats, wrote to Blair demanding the suspension of all future arms exports to Israel including the removal of 'special licences'. His letter followed the publication of a report detailing British arms sales to Israel by four Government departments. Campbell stated in his letter; "In light of disproportionate military action by Israel in Lebanon and Gaza the UK government must suspend any further arms exports to Israel."[107]
On July 27 British Foreign Secretary Margaret Beckett protested to the government of the United States via US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice about its use of Prestwick Airport, Scotland to transport bombs to Israel. The laser guided munitions were allegedly transported using two chartered Airbus A310 cargo planes.[108]
On July 28, former British Foreign Secretary and current Leader of the House of Commons Jack Straw called the Israeli response "disproportionate"[109]
On July 29 former British Foreign Secretary and current Leader of the House of Commons Jack Straw warned that Israel's military action "could further destabilise the already fragile Lebanese nation", while noting that "Israel has clear rights to defend itself proportionately". He added that he grieved equally "for all those innocent Israeli civilians killed in the conflict" and the "10 times as many innocent Lebanese, men women and children, killed by Israeli fire".[110]
On July 30 the British Ambassador to the UN, Emyr Jones Parry, urged the Security Council to call for an immediate end to hostilities and work for a political resolution of the crisis.[111]
On 30 July anti-war protestors at Scotland's Prestwick Airport managed to have a chartered plane laden with bombs on route from Texas to Tel Aviv diverted to RAF Mildenhall in Suffolk, England.[112] The bombs are part of a series of agreed arms shipments between the United States Government and Israel and were diverted originally from Irish airspace as the Irish Government refused to allow the aircraft permission to land.[79] The transport of weapons to Israel via British airspace has caused embarrassment for the British Government although the shipments are to continue.[113]
On July 14, resigning Secretary of State Cardinal Angelo Sodano said that "the Holy See condemns both the terroristic attacks of one side and the military reprisals of the other. Indeed, the right to defense of one State does not exempt it from respect of the norms of international law, especially as regards the protection of civilian populations. In particular, the Holy See deplores now the attack on Lebanon, a free and sovereign nation, and assures its closeness to those populations, who already have suffered so much to defend their independence."[114]
These statements have drawn some criticism, both inside and outside the Vatican, for what is seen as a pro-Arab and anti-Israeli bias on Sodano's part. It is believed that earlier incidents of a similar nature have contributed to the current Pope accepting Sodano's resignation on 22 June 2006, although Sodano will remain in office until September 15. Following declarations from the Pope himself have expressed equal concern for the suffering of people on both Lebanon and Israel, and a constant request for a ceasefire.
On July 16, during the weekly Angelus prayer, Pope Benedict XVI expressed strong concern for the escalation of military action and the numerous civilian casualties. He admitted that the conflict had been originated by "objective violations of right and justice", but stated that "neither terroristic acts nor reprisals are justifiable, especially when they have tragic consequences on the civilian population", and said that the path of war does not lead to positive results. After mentioning that the Israeli city of Haifa had been heavily struck, the Pope prayed for peace and concord.[115]
During an exchange with the press on July 19, the Pope commented: "I fully agree with the G8 statement." The G8 asked that Israel act with restraint but laid the blame for the conflict on Hezbollah.[116]
On July 23, the Pope proclaimed a special day of prayer and penance for peace. He renewed his appeal to the combatants, asking that they cease fire, allow the sending of humanitarian aid, and begin negotiations with the help of the international community. Then the Pope reaffirmed "the right of the Lebanese to the integrity and sovereignty of their country, the right of Israelis to live in peace in their state, and the right of Palestinians to have a free and sovereign country." He also expressed solidarity for civilian populations who suffer because of a conflict in which they are "mere victims", both the Israelis forced to live in shelters and the Lebanese who see their country destroyed and have to seek refuge elsewhere.[117]
On July 30, the Pope deplored the "increasingly tragic" situation in the Middle East and how "in the hearts of many, hatred and will of vengeance seem to grow". He said that "these facts show how it is not possible to reestablish justice [...] using the instrument of violence". The Pope exclaimed that those responsible should immediately cease hostilities, "in the name of God". Then he asked governments and international institutions to make every effort to that end, and asked people of good will to continue sending relief aid and praying God for peace.[118]
Americas
The foreign ministry issued a statement saying that the Brazilian government was "dismayed" at the deaths of four Brazilians of Lebanese origin, including two children. Brazil condemned both sides escalating into a bigger conflict. And urged South Lebanon to recognize Israel's boundaries, and right of a country. Additionally, Brazil called for dialogue between the parties so that a cease-fire can be achieved and kidnapped Israeli soldiers can be released.
At the outset of the conflict, Prime Minister Stephen Harper said “Israel has the right to defend itself,” adding “I think Israel's response under the circumstances has been measured.” Regarding resolution to the conflict he stated “It's essential that Hezbollah and Hamas release their Israeli prisoners and any countries in that area that have influence on these organizations should encourage an end to violence and recognize and encourage the recognition of Israel's right to exist.”[119] Harper's characterisation of Israel's response as "measured" created controversy in Canada. On July 17, 2006, Harper appeared to moderate these remarks, noting that the situation had deteriorated since his initial comments, but that it was difficult for Israel to fight "non-governmental forces" when they are embedded in the civilian population. Harper added that "the attack [on Israel] is the cause of this immediate conflict," and that "Israel must show restraint as part of the solution but it is essential that the attacks against Israel would stop and it is essential that Israeli soldiers be returned to Israel."[120][121]
Opinions on the conflict are mixed in Canada, as is reflected by the editorial content of the nation's media. Some outlets, such as the Toronto Star, have criticized Israel's response to Hezbollah's actions as disproportionate, while right-wing publications such as the National Post, have come out in support of the scope of Israel's military action and the position the Canadian government has taken, and have criticized those who have called the evacuation of Canadians in the region too slow. Commentators in other outlets (for example, the Globe and Mail and the CBC) have represented a variety of views. Canada has a large Lebanese community. About 30,000 Canadians, mainly of Lebanese descent, were in Lebanon at the time hostilities broke out, and the Canadian government has been making efforts to evacuate those who wish to leave in an operation that has been criticized for being slow and inefficient.[122] On July 17, a group of protesters, primarily expatriate Lebanese, gathered in front of the Israeli consulate in Montreal and protested the continued bombing in Lebanon. Further protests took place on July 22 in localities across Canada.[123]
A poll of Canadians published in the July 25 edition of the National Post shows that support among Canadians (bar Quebec) is greatly on the side of Israel; with 64% stating that "Israel's action was either somewhat or completely justified". In all provinces except Quebec support was greater than 50%, with British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Alberta and Ontario having the highest support for Israel (in that order). When asked which side of the conflict should make a major compromise in order to have a ceasefire, 63% of Canadians said it was "those who kidnapped the Israeli soldiers."
In recent days, Harper and his former Foreign Affairs Minister, Peter MacKay (now Minister of Defence), have reiterated their support for Israel's position, while urging restraint and calling for a ceasefire. Speaking of the situation in both Lebanon and Gaza on July 18, Harper told reporters, "We all want to encourage not just a ceasefire, but a resolution. And a resolution will only be achieved when everyone gets to the table and everyone admits that recognition of each other," Mr. Harper said, referring to the refusal of Hezbollah and Hamas to recognize Israel's right to exist. Harper laid the blame for the civilian deaths on both sides at the feet of Hezbollah. "Hezbollah's objective is violence," Harper asserted, "Hezbollah believes that through violence it can create, it can bring about the destruction of Israel. Violence will not bring about the destruction of Israel ... and inevitably the result of the violence will be the deaths primarily of innocent people."[124]
Prime Minister Stephen Harper said he does not favour sending Canadian troops to southern Lebanon as part of a multinational peacekeeping force, adding that countries in the area should be responsible for resolving the conflict.
On August 6 2006, Bloc Québécois leader Gilles Duceppe was accused of supporting Hezbollah by Israel's ambassador to Canada, Alan Baker after Duceppe participated in a march in Montreal protesting the war in Lebanon.[125]
"The New York Times reported Saturday that the U.S. agreed to speed delivery of satellite and laser-guided bombs [to Israel], at Israel's request."[126] The shipment was not publicly announced.[127].
In addition, the United States has thus far rejected what it considers to be meaningless calls for a cease-fire [12]. "The Bush administration has openly rejected calls for a ceasefire. The New York Times reports that U.S. and Israeli officials have agreed the bombings will continue for another week."[18] "On Tuesday [July 18, 2006] Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice rejected an immediate ceasefire and said one could only occur once certain conditions are met."[18]
John Bolton, the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations, rejected the call for a ceasefire. [He said]: "The notion that you just declare a ceasefire and act as if that is going to solve the problem, I think is simplistic.”[128]
US unilateral opposition in the UN Security Council:
On Saturday [July 15, 2006] the United Nations Security Council again rejected pleas from Lebanon that it call for an immediate cease-fire between Israel and Lebanon. The Israeli newspaper Haaretz reported the U.S. was the sole member of the 15-nation UN body to oppose any council action at all at this time.[129]
In sharp contrast to public policy, however, 65% of Americans say "the U.S. [should] stay out of the situation" between Israel and Hezbollah.[130]
The United States government has blamed Hezbollah and Syria for the crisis.[131] President George W. Bush said “I want the world to address the root cause of the problem, and the root cause of the problem is Hezbollah.” Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs David Welch condemns what he calls a “dangerous escalation” and calls for the release of the Israeli soldiers.[132] United States Senate Majority Leader Bill Frist said, “We must hold the governments of Syria and Iran accountable for their continued support to Hezbollah. So long as these governments are failing to live up to their responsibilities, no one should question the right of the government of Israel to act in self-defense against terrorists operating from Lebanon.” Frist also said that the Lebanese government should uphold its responsibility under a United Nations resolution to make sure its territory isn’t being used for Hezbollah or other groups.[133][134] President Bush remarked[135] that Israel has the right to defend itself. “The soldiers need to be returned,” he said. “It’s really sad where people are willing to take innocent life in order to stop that progress (for peace). As a matter of fact, it’s pathetic.” He also said, “The democracy of Lebanon is an important part of laying a foundation of peace in that region,” and “The concern is that any activities by Israel to protect herself will weaken the (Siniora) government.”[136] The President also rejected Lebanon's calls for a cease-fire in escalating Mideast violence on Friday, saying only that Israel should try to limit civilian casualties as it steps up attacks on its neighbor. “The president is not going to make military decisions for Israel,” said White House spokesman Tony Snow.[137]. Bush also told UK PM Tony Blair that “We’re not blaming Israel and we’re not blaming the Lebanese government” in a conversation that was intended to be private, but was picked up by the G8 television network.[138]
On 15 July President Bush called upon Syria to exert its influence over Hezbollah militants to get them to “lay down their arms”. US President George W. Bush rejected calls for a ceasefire stating only that Israel should try to limit civilian casualties as it steps up attacks on its neighbor.[139]
On 15 July the United States sent a security team to Beirut in an effort to begin planning the evacuation of American citizens from Lebanon to Cyprus.[140] The U.S. is believed to be using the facilities at the British Sovereign Base Areas on Cyprus, which includes RAF Akrotiri.[141]
On July 17, President Bush and Prime Minister Blair were caught having a candid conversation at the G8 conference when their comments were broadcast by a live microphone. "What about Kofi Annan?" Bush asked. "I don't like the sequence of it. His attitude is basically cease-fire and everything else happens." "I think the thing that is really difficult is you can't stop this unless you get this international presence agreed," Blair responded. Bush reasserted his view that the impetus needed to be placed on Hezbollah to end the conflict. "What they need to do is get Syria to get Hezbollah to stop doing this shit, and it's over," Bush told Blair.[142]
US Ambassador to the UN John Bolton said there was no moral equivalence between the civilian casualties from the Israeli raids in Lebanon and those killed in Israel from "malicious terrorist acts". Asked to comment on the deaths in an Israeli air strike of eight Canadian citizens in southern Lebanon Sunday, he said: "it is a matter of great concern to us ...that these civilian deaths are occurring. It's a tragedy." "I think it would be a mistake to ascribe moral equivalence to civilians who die as the direct result of malicious terrorist acts," he added, while defending as "self-defense" Israel's military action, which has had "the tragic and unfortunate consequence of civilian deaths".[143]
[President Bush:] Everybody abhors the loss of innocent life. On the other hand, what we recognize is that the root cause of the problem is Hezbollah. And that problem must be addressed. And it can be addressed internationally by making it clear to Syria that they've got to stop their support to Hezbollah. Syria's trying to get back into Lebanon, it looks like to me. . . . Sometimes it requires tragic situations to help bring clarity in the international community. And it is now clear for all to see that there are terrorist elements who want to destroy our democratic friends and allies, and the world must work to prevent them from doing so.[18]
As the campaign in Lebanon began, on 14 July, the US Congress was notified of a potential sale of $210 million worth of jet fuel to Israel. The Defense Security Cooperation Agency noted that the sale of the JP-8 fuel, should it be completed, will "enable Israel to maintain the operational capability of its aircraft inventory." and "The jet fuel will be consumed while the aircraft is in use to keep peace and security in the region."[144] It was reported on 24 July that the United States was in the process of providing Israel with "bunker buster" bombs, which would allegedly be used to target the leader of Lebanon's Hezbollah guerrilla group and destroy its trenches.[145] Al-Manar TV reported on July 26 that the shipment arrived in Israel via Gulf States including Qatar and Saudi Arabia on July 25.[146]
United States President George W. Bush supports the Israeli action and on 13 July said Israel has a right to defend itself.[147] At the G8 Summit, President Bush said "the root of the problem is Hezbollah" and that the U.S. is "never going to tell a nation how to defend herself."[148] Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper expressed his support for Israel's actions, calling the Israeli response "measured". According to Reuters and the New York Times, the Bush administration authorized the expedited processing and shipment of precision-guided bombs (already allotted for sale in 2005) to Israel to support the Israeli campaign, but did not announce the increased haste publicly.[149]
On 25 July Hassan Nasrallah, Hezbollah's secretary general, said the Israeli onslaught was an attempt by the US and Israel to "impose a new Middle East" in which Lebanon would be under US hegemony.[13]
On 30 July immediately following the IAF bombing of Qana in which a large number of fatalies took place Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice reportedly stated:
"We [the United States Government] want a ceasefire as soon as possible, I would have wanted a ceasefire yesterday if possible, but the parties have to agree to a ceasefire and there have to be certain conditions in place... Any ceasefire has to have circumstances that are going to be acceptable to the parties."[150]
Rice's comments came after an earlier television address by the Lebanese Prime Minister in which he indicated that the meetings scheduled with Rice that day were cancelled due to the events at Qana.[151]
Senate and Congress
On 18 July the US Senate passed S.Res. 534 98-0 by unanimous Consent, "Condemning Hezbollah and Hamas and their state sponsors and supporting Israel's exercise of its right to self-defense". Resolution 534 calls for the release of Israeli soldiers who are being held captive by Hezbollah or Hamas; condemns the governments of Iran and Syria for their continued support for Hezbollah and Hamas; urges all sides to protect innocent civilian life and infrastructure; and strongly supports the use of all diplomatic means available to free the captured Israeli soldiers.[152] However, Senator Chuck Hagel eventually came to demand that the U.S. impose a ceasefire.
On 20 July 2006, the US House of Representatives passed resolution 921 supporting Israel’s right to defend itself and condemning attacks against the State of Israel. The final vote was 410 to 8 in favour of the resolution.[153]
On 30 July Congress sent a letter to the EU's Head of Foreign Policy Javier Solana, asking that the EU add Hezbollah to its list of illegal terrorist organisations. The letter, signed by 210 members of Congress.
"We were dismayed to hear your July 19 assertion that the EU lacked 'sufficient data' to add Hizbullah to its terrorist list."
Members of Congress had already called on the EU, via a 2005 resolution, to add Hezbollah to the list. The EU declined all requests.
Foreign Diplomats On July 12, 2006, during a CNN interview, Lebanese Ambassador to the U.S. Farid Abboud made some controversial comments[154] that created a stir in Lebanon, forcing the government to recall Ambassador Farid Abboud[155] to Beruit.
Ali Rodriguez, Foreign Minister of Venezuela, condemned Israel activities in Lebanon.[156] On August 3, Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez declared he has withdrawn his country's ambassador from Israel to show his indignation over the military offensive in Lebanon.[157] . He called the Israeli attacks in Lebanon "genocide". He also spoke after returning from an international tour that included Iran. While there, Chavez called the Israeli offensive in Lebanon a "fascist outrage."
"The Israeli elite repeatedly criticize Hitler's actions against the Jews, and indeed Hitler's actions must be criticized, not just against the Jews but against the world," Chavez said during his visit to Iran, adding: "It's also fascism what Israel is doing to the Palestinian people ... terrorism and fascism."[158]
In an interview with Qatar-based Al Jazeera television, Chavez also slammed U.S. backing for Israel, describing Washington as a "Dracula always searching for oil and blood". "The Israeli offensive against the Palestinians and Lebanon is an aggression that we feel targets us also. It is an unjustified aggression that is being carried out in the style of (Adolf) Hitler, in a Fascist fashion," he said, referring to the leader of Nazi Germany. "They (Israelis) are doing what Hitler did against the Jews. They are killing innocent children and whole families," he said in the remarks dubbed in Arabic.[159]
August 9, it was known that Venezuela is likely to sever ties with Israel in protest at its war against Lebanon, according to statements by President Hugo Chávez. "They have also recalled their ambassador and our next step will most likely be to break off diplomatic relations. I have no interest in maintaining diplomatic relations, or offices, or businesses, or anything with a state like Israel.".[160]
Oceania
Prime Minister John Howard has stated that he is "appalled at the loss of life on both sides". However, he blamed the conflict on Hezbollah's breaches of UN resolutions and international law.[161]
Africa
Foreign minister Aziz Pahad said that the South African Government was "greatly concerned" about the increasing violence between Israel, Palestine and Lebanon, fearing that it would lead to a "catastrophe and a possible regional war" in the Middle East.[162]
Reactions by international organizations
A press release by Amnesty International on July 13 condemns attacks by both Israel and Hezbollah as "a blatant breach of international humanitarian law and amount to war crimes."[163] A briefing presented facts "strongly suggesting" that Israel's "extensive destruction" and "widespread attacks against public civilian infrastructure" was "deliberate and an integral part of the military strategy, rather than collateral damage". This behaviour suggested "a policy of punishing both the Lebanese government and the civilian population" in an effort to turn them against Hezbollah. The report also states that Israel to preserve the principle of proportionality, even if the destroyed objects could serve a dual purpose. It called for an independent and impartial inquiry appointed by UN, to investigate alleged war crimes by both Hezbollah and Israel.[164]
The Arab League has called Hezbollah's attacks on Israel "unexpected, inappropriate, and irresponsible acts," in the words of Saudi Arabia's foreign minister, Prince Saud Al-Faisal.[15] The Arab League says they have “fears of widening of tension and possible Israeli strike against Syria,“ “It’s up to the resistance — both the Lebanese and the Palestinian — to decide what they are doing and why are they fighting.”[165]
Following a meeting of Arab League foreign ministers in Cairo on July 16, Secretary-General Amr Moussa declared that "The Middle East process is dead" and that "The only way to revive the peace process is to take it back to the Security Council".[166]
At its Annual Ministerial Meeting in Kuala Lumpur, ASEAN delegates condemn the violence and destruction in the Middle East. They urge all parties to practice utmost constrain in avoiding civilian casualties.[167]
Finland, which held the European Union's rotating presidency, issued the following statement: "The European Union is greatly concerned about the disproportionate use of force by Israel in Lebanon in response to attacks by Hezbollah on Israel. The presidency deplores the loss of civilian lives and the destruction of civilian infrastructure. The imposition of an air and sea blockade on Lebanon cannot be justified."[67]
On 28 July 2006 a senior EU delegation threw its support behind the Lebanese Prime Minister Fuad Siniora's 7-point plan. The Finnish Foreign Minister Erkki Tuomioja, representing the EU presidency, said Siniora's plan was a "good basis to reach an agreement", and that he was "struck by the unity of the Lebanese government".
On 8 August 2006 the European Union issued a memo in which it outlined its response to the conflict.[168]
A press release by Human Rights Watch issued on August 3 accuses Israeli forces of "hav[ing] systematically failed to distinguish between combatants and civilians in their military campaign against Hezbollah in Lebanon". In a 50-page report,[169] the human rights organization analyzed almost two dozen cases of Israeli air and artillery attacks on civilian homes and vehicles. “The pattern of attacks shows the Israeli military’s disturbing disregard for the lives of Lebanese civilians,” said Kenneth Roth, executive director of Human Rights Watch. “Our research shows that Israel’s claim that Hezbollah fighters are hiding among civilians does not explain, let alone justify, Israel’s indiscriminate warfare.”[170]
The "Indiscriminate Bombing in Lebanon [is] a War Crime"[171]
The International Committee of the Red Cross stated that they have "serious questions" regarding the actions of Israeli forces in Lebanon. ICRC director of operations Pierre Kraehenbuehl stated at a press conference in Geneva that "The high number of civilian casualties and the extent of damage to essential public infrastructure raise serious questions regarding respect for the principle of proportionality in the conduct of hostilities." The ICRC is responsible for protecting the Geneva Conventions, which discuss the rules of war. The IRCR stated that these rules not only apply to Israel, but also to Hezbollah militants[172]
According to Democracy Now!, "The International Committee of the Red Cross also criticized Israel for killing so many civilians and for destroying much of Lebanon’s public infrastructure."[128]
The Non-Aligned Movement has condemned what they claim to be disproportionate Israeli attacks on Gaza and Lebanon and called for an international force to be deployed to prevent the violence from spiralling into a regional conflict. [14] [15] [16]
The Organization of Islamic Conference has called for the convening of the United Nations General Assembly in 'emergency special session', under the terms of the "Uniting for Peace" resolution, if the Security Council fails to act immediately in the crisis.[17]
Reactions by communities and citizens
On the 22 July 2006, between 10,000 and 20,000 Sydney residents, mostly of Lebanese & Arab heritage, flocked onto George Street in the city's CBD.There was a huge police presence, including riot police, mounted police, dog squads and helicopters. Arab communities have not mobilised in this scale for years in this rally organised by 30 community organisations and the Stop The War Coalition. Similar protests were also held in other major cities across Australia. In Melbourne, there were 10,000, in Brisbane 500 and in Canberra 300. Slide show here of rallies
On the 19 July, about 2000 members of Sydney's Jewish community held peace vigil and service at the Sydney Great Synagogue.
On the 29 July, between 200 and 400 protestors in support of Lebanon and Palestinians marched in Perth, Western Australia. The rally had been organised by the Perth Peace Group and Socialist Alliance with the aim of a peaceful protest. After marching through the Central Business District (CBD), the rally moved to the Sheraton hotel where John Howard was giving a a keynote address to the Western Australia Liberals state conference. As Howard exited the building protesters gathered in numbers, and chanted "Shame" and "We want peace," with some protestors surging towards his car. Light scuffles broke out, followed by two arrests. A follow-up rally was held in solidarity outside of the East Perth police watch house, protesters dispersed shortly afterwards.
An anti-Israeli protest of 70 people was held in the Azerbaijani town of Nardaran. The protestors burnt flags of Israel and the United States, chanting slogans condemning Israel. Local resident Haji Alikram Aliyev declared of the government, "They do not fear Allah but Jews. We cannot keep silence in this case or else it will be betrayal," he said. "Azerbaijani parliament should follow the Turkish parliament and abolish the Israel-Azerbaijan friendship commission."[173][174][175]
There has also been a demonstration in Brussels against Israel's military actions.[62]
The families of the kidnapped Israelis met with European Union parliament members in Brussels to appeal for help in obtaining a sign of life from their loved ones. Thousands rallied in Brussels for Israel and demanding the release of the abducted soldiers. [18]
There are programed (and one already have happened) two demonstration in São Paulo against Israel.[176]
In Montreal, Canadians protested against Israel and against Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper near the Israeli consulate, while supporters of Israel praised Harper.[177]
In Montreal, July 22, 2006, an estimated 1,000 protesters marched along west Sainte-Catherine Street then south on Jeanne-Mance before rallying outside Complèxe Léo-Parizeau on boulevard René-Lévesque. Politicians participating included Maria Mourani and Francine Lalonde of the Bloc Québécois. La Presse gave the story front page coverage.[178][179][180]
Montreal, July 30, 2006, an estimated 3,000 protesters gathered in Dorchester Square outside the Israeli Consulate at boulevard René-Lévesque and rue Peel. Demonstrators marched north on Peel, east on Sainte-Catherine, north on Mansfield, west on de Maisoneuve then south on Peel, returning to the starting point. What had been planned as a vigil became a much larger event with the news of the Qana attack the day before. Emotions were quite raw, and while the demonstration was peaceful, some protesters openly supported Hezbollah.[181][182]
Montreal, August 6, 2006 an estimated 15,000 protesters assembled at Parc Lafontaine at 13h00. At 14h00 they marched north on rue de la Roche, west on avenue du Mont Royal, south on rue Saint-Denis and finally west on boulevard René-Lévesque. March halted outside the federal government building, Complèxe Léo-Parizeau at approximately 16h00. Politicians participating in the protest included Gilles Duceppe, leader of Bloc Québécois, André Boisclair, leader of Parti Québécois, Liberal MP Denis Coderre and Quebec Green Party chief Scott McKay. A group of Neturei Karta Orthodox Jews, came from New York City to attend the protest. Protest was peaceful, police presence was almost exclusively for traffic control.[183][184][185]
Despite the protests, a poll of Canadians published in the July 25 edition of the National Post shows that support among Canadians (bar Quebec) is greatly on the side of Israel; with 64% stating that "Israel's action was either somewhat or completely justified". In all provinces except Quebec support was greater than 50%, with British Columbia, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Alberta and Ontario having the highest support for Israel (in that order). When asked which side of the conflict should make a major compromise in order to have a ceasefire, 63% of Canadians said it was "those who kidnapped the Israeli soldiers."[citation needed]
A Strategic Counsel poll for CTV and The Globe and Mail, published August 1, 2006, showed that the Harper government's open support of Israel is opposed by 45% of the Canadian public, while 32% support it. Again in Quebec opposition was strongest, 63% being opposed to the government's position, while 17% support it. On the question of Canadian neutrality, 77% of Canadians stated Canada should remain neutral, 16% stated Canada should support Israel and 1% stated Canada should support Hezbollah.[186][187]
On July 21, 2006, a pro-Israel demonstration was held on the central square of Copenhagen, with the theme "Secure borders for everybody". A Gallup poll on August 5, showed an overwhelming Danish support for the Israeli side of the conflict, with 48% saying they had most sympathy for Israel while the "Shia Muslim militia" only found support by 7%[188]
On 28 July it was reported that around 1,000 demonstrators gathered in Cairo to protest. Waving copies of the Qur'an chanted the crowd was heard to chant: "O Sunni, O Shia, let's fight the Jews," and "the Jews and the Americans are killing our brothers in Lebanon." The protest had been organised by the Muslim Brotherhood.[189]
On August 20 around 2,800 people rallied in the Finnish capital of Helsinki to show their support for Israel.[190]
An anti-American/anti-Israel/anti-capitalist rally took place in Berlin.[19]
A pro-Israel rally took place in Dusseldorf.[20][21]
Approximately 150 people gathered at Austurvöllur square outside the Alþingi to protest against Israeli action in Lebanon on July 13.[191]
While the overall attitude of Indian citizenry regarding the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict has been noncommital, there is a growing circle of Indian bloggers and opinion page writers who express support for Israel on this issue. They compare Israel's response with the Indian Government's response to the 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings and feel that the reaction has been too soft. Many wish for the same level response as Israel's retaliation towards Hezbollah.[192]. In particular, an Indian blogger writes:
"The unanimity, determination and the promptness involved in their arriving at the decision to root out Hizbollah ... deserves accolades!! [It is the] sharpest of contrasts to the callousness of Indian polity."
The post attracted pages of responses, including many comparing Indian politicians unfavorably to Israelis. Similarly, editorialists in The Pioneer, one of India's newspapers, argued that Delhi should follow Israel's example and attack Pakistan to show that it "cannot escape blame for its surrogates' actions", alluding to accusations made by the Indian Government and media of Pakistan's involvement in Terrorism in Kashmir.[193]
Hindu Unity, a prominent but controversial Hindu Nationalist website, has displayed a poster and a caption that advertises support for Israel in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict[22] and aggressively encourages Indians to do the same.
On 16 July Thousands of protesters have rallied in Jakarta to condemn the Israeli attacks on the Palestinian territories and Lebanon.[194] On 28 July thousands of demonstrators gathered in several cities with banners portraying Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert and American President George W. Bush as "the real terrorists". During a protest outside the US embassy in Jakarta a speaker stated:
"It's ironic that America shouts about peace and democracy, and then supports Israel when it kills innocent Muslims. How can they stop terrorism against the west if they always make Muslims angry?"[195]
Thousands of Iraqis demonstrated in Baghdad on July 14, praising the leader of Hezbollah and denouncing Israel and the United States for attacks against Lebanon. Some protesters said they were ready to fight the Israelis.[196]
On July 26, volunteers willing to fight alongside Hezbollah in Lebanon were recruited at a Shiite party headquarters in Basra. The party's Secretary General Yousif al Mousawi said about 200 people signed up within two hours.[197] One recruit was quoted as saying: "We cannot stand by and watch our Hezbollah brothers fight alone.. If we are to die in Lebanon, then we will go to heaven. It is our duty as Muslims to fight."
On August 4, 200,000+ Iraqi Shiites filled the streets of the Shiite dominated Sadr City following calls to attend a rally in support of Hezbollah's resistance. The calls were made by cleric Muqtada al-Sadr. The crowd reportedly chanted: "Death to Israel, death to America!!"[198]
On July 18, thousands of Iranians poured into the streets of Tehran and staged a mass rally to condemn the attacks by Israel on Gaza and Lebanon.[199]
On July 31, a Trócaire organised peace rally took place outside the United States embassy in Dublin. The rally attended by hundreds of people, including Lebanese citizens, demanded an end to the present conflict.[200]
On July 31, the Irish Film Institute canceled the sponsorship provided by the Embassy of Israel in Ireland for 'Walk on Water', one of the films being screened at the Dublin Gay and Lesbian Film Festival, due to the current Israeli activities in the Lebanon.[201]
On July 12, 2006, just a few hours following the Israeli attack on Lebanon started, about 100-200 people in Tel Aviv protested in front of the Israeli Ministry of Defense against the attack.[202] On July 16, about 1,000 people demonstrated in Tel Aviv against the war.[203] On July 22, 2,500 people, including both Jews and Arabs, gathered in Tel Aviv to demonstrate against the war.[204] A demonstration was also held in Haifa on the same date but was called off after air raid sirens sounded.[205] On July 28, a "die-in" demonstration, with red paint being put on demonstrators' shirts and demonstrators lying on the ground to dramatise their point of view, took place in Tel Aviv.[206]
On Saturday August 5, nearly 10,000 (according to organizers) people demonstrated in Tel Aviv against the war in Lebanon. Participating organisations included Gush Shalom, the Women's Coalition for Peace, Ta'ayush, Anarchists Against the Wall, Yesh Gvul, the Israeli-Palestinian Forum of Bereaved Families, and political parties Hadash, Balad and the United Arab List.[207]
A poll taken July 28 by the Dahuf Institute for the newspaper Yedioth Ahronoth found that seven in ten (71%) supported using more military force in Lebanon. Asked what Israel’s next step should be, 48 percent said fight until Hezbollah is destroyed, 30 percent said drive the militia away from the border, and 21 percent said to negotiate with Hezbollah.[208]
On August 31, mass rally of tens of thousands of people in Rabin Square called for the release of the three kidnapped IDF soldiers.[23]
Various demonstrations were also held in Jordan, most were in front of the UN headquarters, embassies, and other influential organizations.
The day after Hezbollah's July 12 attack on Israel, Sheik Hamid al-Ali issued an informal statement titled "The Sharia position on what is going on." In it, the Kuwaiti based cleric condemned the imperial ambitions of Iran regarding Hezbollah's cross border raid.[24]
Also on the National Flag grounds in Kuwait City hundreds gathered to express support to Hezbollah.
A large group of over 2,000 gathered in front of a mosque near the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur right after Friday prayer. The group later marched to several embassies to demand international community to intervene in the conflict and condemn Israeli aggression. A larger group also assembled in Kota Bahru to condemn the attack.[209]
5,000 people demonstrated in Amsterdam against the Israeli military actions in Lebanon.[25]
On Saturday July 22, two hundred people demonstrated in Aotea Square in Auckland. One protester lowered the American flag and began waving a Palestinian flag. Police were prevented from arresting him after protestors intervened.[210]
In Auckland around 300 people braved pouring rain to hold a lively march and rally to call for an end to US and Israeli imperialism in the Middle East. Demonstrators staged a die-in at the US consulate before burning US and Israeli flags.
In Auckland a protest was held outside a Ponsonby mosque demanding the deportation of Palestinian and Lebanese immigrants.
In Wellington a few hundred protestors marched down Lambton Quay to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade as part of a Wellington Palestine Group protest to demand that the government not allow Israel to reopen its embassy in New Zealand until such time as Israel has ceased from the war, demolished the security fence, withdrawn from territory and help Palestinian refugees [26].
In Dunedin an emergency demonstration against the war attracted 250-300 people who marched on the Octagon via Labour MP Pete Hodgson's office and called on the government not to resume any military joint-training exercises with the USA (something Foreign Affairs Minister Winston Peters was trying desperately to secure on his latest trip to Washington DC).
The National Distribution Union who represent packing and distribution workers in New Zealand has condemned the Israeli air strike on a Lebanese fruit-packing warehouse that killed 33 farm workers. A group called 'Aotearoa Jews for Justice' says they stand "in solidarity with the Lebanese and Palestinian people suffering at the hands of the Israeli army."
Amnesty International held vigils for peace in six major New Zealand cities on the night of Monday 7 August calling for an end to all violence.
Abdullah bin Jabreen, one of Saudi Arabia's leading Wahhabi sheiks, issued a strongly worded fatwa declaring it unlawful to support, join or pray for Shiite Hezbollah.[27]
On July 22, 1,500 people marched in Stockholm against the Israeli bombings in Lebanon. Demonstrations were also held in Gothenburg, Malmö, and many other Swedish cities on the same day.[211]
On July 22, approximately 1,500 people demonstrated in Oslo in front of the Norwegian Parliament, in protest against Israeli military actions in Lebanon. The demonstration then proceeded to the Israeli embassy.
The same repeated on August 5, with about 1,000 people taking part in the demonstration.
Thousands of protesters have thronged the streets of central Damascus to protest against Israel and support Hezbollah.[212]
Tens of thousands of people gathered in Turkey's southeastern Diyarbakır Province on July 16 to protest against the Israeli offensive in the Gaza Strip and against the Israeli attacks on Lebanon.[213]
On July 22, between 7,000 (according to the police) and 20,000 (according to organisers) people demonstrated in London in protest against the Israeli military actions in Lebanon.[214] Demonstrations also took place in 10 other cities across the United Kingdom, including between 1,000 and 2,000 in Manchester. A pro-Israel rally was held a day later. That weekend, an anti-Israel protest was held at a Davis Cup tennis match between Great Britain and Israel in Eastbourne.
Smaller demonstrations and vigils have also been taking place. For example, a vigil was held in Parliament Square on July 18. Another protest was held in front of Downing Street on July 28, organised by the Stop the War Coalition and the CND. Worker-Communist Party of Iran organised a 3-day picket against the war in front of Israeli Embassy in London from July 26 to July 28.[28]
30 July protestors at Scotland's Prestwick Airport managed to have a chartered plane laden with bombs on route from Texas to Tel Aviv diverted to RAF Mildenhall in Suffolk, England due to their protests.[112] The bombs are part of a series of agreed arms shipments between the United States Government and Israel and were diverted originally from Irish airspace as the Irish Government refused to allow the aircraft permission to land.[79] The transport of weapons to Israel via British airspace has caused embarrassment for the British Government although the shipments are to continue.[113]
More than a thousand demonstrated outside of the United Nations headquarters to support Israel and denounce Hezbollah. Senator Hillary Clinton and New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg attended to show support. "We are here to show solidarity and support for Israel," said Clinton. "We will stand with Israel, because Israel is standing for American values as well as Israeli ones." She condemned Hamas, Hezbollah, Syria, and Iran. [29][215] Meanwhile, 10,000 Arab Americans demonstrated against Israel's actions in Dearborn, Michigan.[216][217]
In Atlanta, about 5,000 came to support Israel's defense and military efforts and denounce Hezbollah, Hamas, and al-Qaeda. Among them were US Congressman David Scott, and Georgia Governor Sonny Perdue.[218]
In Seattle, Washington, 2,000 gathered to support America's "sister-nation" (Israel) waving American and Israeli flags, denouncing the "unprovoked actions of Hezbollah and Hamas," and asserting Israel's "right to protect and defend herself... The international community must not be silent or shelter terrorists." Among the supporters were Congressman Dave Reichert, his political opponent Darcy Burner, Michael Spektor of AIPAC, Presbyterian Reverend Leland Seese, Jr. (a long-time critic of Israel, prior), and some local rabbis. Congress Reichert received a standing ovation after saying "no other nation has given land for peace -- we now need to stand with Israel in its fight against terror and for freedom... Like Ronald Reagan, I'd like to see peace in Israel during our time."[219]
In Los Angeles, 5,000 "Arabs and progressives", according to an activist, marched through downtown L.A. to protest against Israel and the U.S. and for the Palestinians and Lebanon. Speakers outside the federal building included the participants from the A.N.S.W.E.R. Committee, National Council of Arab Americans, Muslim American Society, Council on American Islamic Relations, Jim Lafferty of the National Lawyers Guild, Bill Paparian the Green Party Candidate for Congress, Project Islamic Hope, KPFK 90.7 FM, Yael Koran of Women in Black, Shakeel Syed of the Islamic Shura Council of Southern California, Mahmud Ahmad of Al-Awda Palestine Right to Return Coalition, Kim Baglieri of the Alliance for Just and Lasting Peace in the Philippines, Phyllis Kim of Korean Americans for Peace, Carlos Alvarez of the Party for Socialism and Liberation and Bernie Moto of the FMLN. The rally was also against the Iraq War.[220]
On August 12, 2006, thousands (according to the New York Times) (organizers say 30,000), of mostly Muslims "rallied near the White House on Saturday to protest what they described as Israeli aggression in Lebanon and the United States' unwavering support for Israel." Speakers included former Attorney General (and legal defender of Saddam Hussein) Ramsey Clark, Muslim American Society Freedom Foundation, Partnership for Civil Justice, A.N.S.W.E.R. Coalition, National Council of Arab Americans, Osama Siblani Publisher at Arab American News, and Dr. Clovis Maksoud the former ambassador from the Arab League to the U.N, American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee. This was the largest rally against Israeli aggression in America since the Gaza and Lebanon conflicts began.[221] The protest was one of several held around the country. When a woman started to burn an Israeli flag at one such rally in San Francisco, police rushed toward her and then other demonstrators joined the fracas, resulting in one arrest. A counter protest of a few hundred people was organized by San Francisco Voice for Israel in San Francisco.[222]
In Los Angeles, 6,000 to 10,000 (some sources say 6,000-8,000, many say 10,000) demonstrated in support of Israel and against Hezbollah, waving Israeli and American flags. The pro-Israel rally included Hollywood actor and California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa, Councilman Jack Weiss, Congressman Howard Berman (D), County Supervisor Zev Yaroslavsky, Wiesenthal Institute Head Rabbi Marvin Hier, Israeli General Consul Ehud Danoch, candidate for Calif. State Assembly Steven Sion (R), various rabbis and heads of Christian churches. A counter-rally of Arab Muslims waving Palestinian and Lebanese flags was on the opposite side of the street and numbered about 100. Large police forces guarded the area and streets and prevented Arab Hizbullah/Hamas supporters from entering the demonstration. [30][223] The governor stated at the rally, "All of California stands by Israel in its just struggle against extremist Islamic terror organizations who oppose all peace arrangements." The speakers at the rally harshly condemned Hizbullah, Hamas, Iran and Syria, and stressed Israel's right to self-defense.[224][225] Later, at a conference with ten rabbis from various parts of California including David Wolpe, Governor Schwarzenegger said he attended the rally in part because he had never heard an Israeli leader call for the destruction of an Arab or Muslim nation, which he could not say the same about Arab and Muslim leaders of countries.
A demonstration of about 1,000 in San Francisco in support of Israel was attended by Senator Dianne Feinstein, and Arab-American writer Nonie Darwish.[226] (Pictures of the rally, banners, and excerpts of the speech can be read here.) Feinstein stated "Hezbollah, Damascus, Tehran could end this now with the release all of Israeli soldiers and by stopping the rocket attacks on Israeli communities," and said the groups have a greater agenda. Darwish received a loud applause after stating: "What is disproportionate is the indifferent reaction of the international community whenever Israel is attacked by terrorists!" Todd Chretien and Marsha Feinland of the smaller Green Party and Peace and Freedom Party who were running against Feinstein had a small group of supporters opposing the pro-Israel rally.
In Baltimore, Maryland, over 700 people arrived in Baltimore's Holocaust Memorial to show solidarity with Israel. Governor Robert Ehrlich, Mayor Martin O'Malley, and Congressman Ben Cardin were a few of the politicians who spoke.[227] (See here for pictures from the Baltimore rally.)
July 2006 Seattle Jewish Federation shooting - Naveed Afzal Haq (a Pakistani American) walked into the Jewish Federation of Greater Seattle building and shouted "I'm a Muslim American; I'm angry at Israel" before shooting six women, killing one [31].
- July 19, 2006, Delaware Senator Joe Biden (D) said in an interview on Larry King Live that the conflict "may be a real opportunity to change the dynamic of the region... This is the first time that everyone's on the same page.
"Not only are the Hezbollah holding Israeli soldiers hostage, but they're holding Lebanon hostage. Half the Lebanese people are angry at Hezbollah. The whole Sunni world understands this is a major gambit by Iran.
"France and the European countries are united in this effort. And so, if we're smart, we have an opportunity to use this as a very serious uniting effort to close down Syria and put inordinate pressure on Hezbollah." KING: Is Hezbollah the prime villain? BIDEN: Absolutely, positively, unequivocally...[228]
- ABC News/Washington Post Poll. Aug. 3-6, 2006. N=1,002 adults in the US. MoE ± 3 (for all adults). 46% said Israel and Hezbollah are both responsible for the conflict in Lebanon, 39% said Hezbollah is most to blame, while only 7% said Israel is; 6% were unsure, and 1% felt otherwise. The same poll found that 58% blamed Hezbollah for the civilian casualties in Lebanon for locating its fighters and rocket launchers in civilian areas, while 21% blame Israel for bombing Hezbollah targets those areas; 10% both, 9% unsure, and 2% felt neither were to blame.[229]
- A worldwide online poll conducted by Bill O'Reilly and sponsored by MSNDirect.com in August 2006 found that of the over 50,000 voters (majority American), 96% say that Israel should not negotiate with Hezbollah or their demands. Only 4 percent said yes.[230]
- In a full-page ad published in the Los Angeles Times, Hollywood Reporter, and the Variety
Nicole Kidman along with 84 other Hollywood elites signed their names on what read:
- We the undersigned are pained and devastated by the civilian casualties in Israel and Lebanon caused by terrorist actions initiated by terrorist organisations such as Hezbollah and Hamas.
- If we do not succeed in stopping terrorism around the world, chaos will rule and innocent people will continue to die.
- We need to support democratic societies and stop terrorism at all costs.
Other film gurus that signed included actors: Michael Douglas, Dennis Hopper, Sylvester Stallone, Bruce Willis, Danny DeVito, Don Johnson, James Woods, Kelly Preston, Patricia Heaton and William Hurt; and directors: Ridley Scott, Tony Scott, Michael Mann, Dick Donner and Sam Raimi; as well as star tennis player Serena Williams and media tycoon Rupert Murdoch. Supporters of the ad included chairman and owner of Paramount Pictures, Sumner Redstone, and billionaire mogul, Haim Saban.
- American actor-writer-producer Bill Maher, despite heavily criticizing President Bush in the interview, said on August 28, 2006 on Larry King Live: Absolutely and the proof of that is that they ask Israel to maintain a level of restraint when they're attacked that no other country would ever be asked to uphold.
I mean can you imagine if there was a terrorist organization that took over the country on our northern border, which would be Canada, and they started shelling us in our northern cities and Minnesota and Bangor, Maine was being shelled, what do you think George Bush would do?
I think he would nuke them before breakfast. And, look, you know I don't like George Bush but he is the best president we've ever had on Israel because for some reason he gets that.
... the media always likes the underdog or what they perceive as the underdog, not that they're really the underdog at this point. Did you see those pictures of Hezbollah handing out cash?
... So, you know, I feel really bad for Lebanon. I'm sorry you got your country all bombed up. But, you know, when you let a terrorist organization take over your country that's what's going to happen. I'll tell you two Arab countries that never get bombed, Egypt and Jordan, because they made a peace treaty with Israel. Try it.[231]
According to an NBC/Wall Street Journal poll, when asked whether they approve or disapprove of the job that George W. Bush is doing in handling the military conflict between Israel and the Lebanese group Hezbollah, 45% of Americans approve, 39% disapprove, an 16% are not sure. When asked to think about the events of the past week in the Middle East, 54% of Americans answered that their sympathies are more with Israel, 11% answered more with Arab nations, 11% both, 11% neither, and 13% not sure.[32]
In August 2006, University of Chicago political scientist John Mearsheimer accused Israel of using the kidnapping of its soldiers by Hezbollah as an excuse to attack Lebanon and start the 2006 Lebanon War. Mearsheimer stated that "Israel had been planning to strike at Hezbollah for months. Key Israelis had briefed the administration about their intentions." When asked if there was any "hard evidence" to support his statements, Mearsheimer cited the "public record" and "Israeli civilian strategists," then repeated the allegation that Israel was seeking "a cover for launching this offensive."[232]
Thousands came together in the capital city, Sana'a, on July 19 to protest the Israeli attacks against the Palestinians and Lebanese. The demonstration was organized by the ruling and opposition political parties.[233]
Reactions by special interest groups
American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC)
On 18 July the US Senate passed S.Res. 534 98-0 by unanimous Consent, "Condemning Hezbollah and Hamas and their state sponsors and supporting Israel's exercise of its right to self-defense". Resolution 534 calls for the release of Israeli soldiers who are being held captive by Hezbollah or Hamas; condemns the governments of Iran and Syria for their continued support for Hezbollah and Hamas; urges all sides to protect innocent civilian life and infrastructure; and strongly supports the use of all diplomatic means available to free the captured Israeli soldiers.[152] On 20 July 2006, the US House of Representatives passed resolution 921 supporting Israel’s right to defend itself and condemning attacks against the State of Israel. The final vote was 410 to 8 in favour of the resolution.[153]
Following the House passing Resolution 921 and the previous passage of Senate Resolution 534 the lobbying body American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) issued a press release praising the results and asserted:
"Recent polls indicate that U.S. support for Israel is at an all-time high and the resolutions are a reflection of the American people's desire to stand by Israel in this time of crisis."[234]
On 30 July Congress sent a letter to the EU's Head of Foreign Policy Javier Solana, asking that the EU add Hezbollah to its list of illegal terrorist organisations. The letter, signed by 210 members of Congress.
"We were dismayed to hear your July 19 assertion that the EU lacked 'sufficient data' to add Hizbullah to its terrorist list."
Members of Congress had already called on the EU, via a 2005 resolution, to add Hezbollah to the list. American Israel Public Affairs Committee (AIPAC) issued a statement Friday following the signing of the letter in Congress, saying that:
"If the European Union is serious about its support for international measures calling for Hizbullah's disarmament, designating Hizbullah a terrorist organization is a necessary step in that process."[234]
The EU declined the requests.
AIPAC also had a role in defending the Israeli war effort to the American public. A July 27 memo issued by AIPAC titled "Beirut Largely Unscathed as Israel Targets Hezbollah Strongholds," advanced the idea that through "surgical strike" bombing the damage reported in other media was exaggerated. AIPAC asserted that following IDF bombing of the southern districts of Beirut,
"an overwhelming majority of the city remains untouched."
On August 2 AIPAC asserted in a press release titled "The Bekka (sic) Valley: A Terrorist Epicenter," that the Bekaa valley area under bombardment by the IDF at that time was home to a number of anti-Israel factions. AIPACs middle east analyst, Josh Block was quoted in the press release as saying:
"[It's] similar to a university setting, terrorists from every corner of the international community have come together in the Bekaa Valley training camps to learn how to conduct lethal operations and utilize various types of weapons."
AIPAC then went on to list the groups it believed were operating from the region which included the Red Army Faction, Red Brigade, and the Japanese Red Army. One commentator remarked:
"Much of the material cited by AIPAC to back up the press release is of dubious veracity, and the information that links these terrorist groups to the Bekaa Valley region is years or even decades old... AIPAC's goal, it seems to me, is to demonstrate that Israel's campaign in Lebanon is targeting an international, globally-linked terrorist alliance that threatens not only the Jewish state, but the West in general."[235]
Christians United for Israel (CUFI)
There were also calls of support from a second Zionist focused lobby grouping headed by John Hagee the founder and senior pastor of the 18,000-member evangelical Cornerstone Church in San Antonio, Texas. Hagee, author of "Jerusalem Countdown: A Warning to the World", had engaged in meetings with various congress members and launched a Christian pro-Israel lobby which he said would rival AIPAC.[236][237] The five-month-old, 3,000 strong pro-Israel evangelical group Christians United for Israel (CUFI) attended a "Washington/Israel summit" during the week beginning July 17 in an effort to lobby for greater congressional and senate support for Israel, and the Israeli war effort. Hagee was also reportedly setting up an "Israel Rapid Response" network of e-mails, faxes and phone calls to mobilize voters. Over the years, Hagee has reportedly donated $8.5 million US to support Israeli hospitals and orphanages and has helped 12,000 Russian Jews move to Israel.[238]
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{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Israel generated humanitarian crisis, Romanian president said". HotNews.ro. 2006-07-19. Retrieved 2006-07-19.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Romanian President press conference, Cotroceni Palace, 2006-08-19, 18:40 local (UTC+3), live at Realitatea TV
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- ^ "Bush defends Israel actions, Russia condemns attacks". Reuters. 2006-07-13.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Bush Blames Hezbollah for MidEast Violence". ABC News. 2006-07-15.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Putin Urges End To Military Action In Middle East, RIA Novosti
- ^ Al Jazeera (2006-07-16). "World divided over Mideast conflict". Al Jazeera.net. Retrieved 2006-07-16.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ http://www.tass.ru/eng/level2.html?NewsID=10628944&PageNum=0
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{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Template:Es icon Israel bombardea el sur del Líbano matando a 18 civiles, Informativos Telecinco
- ^ Spain Urges Israel, Lebanon To Calm Border Conflict, People's Daily Online
- ^ Template:Sv icon "Skarp kritik från den svenska regeringen (Sharp criticism from the Swedish government)". Dagens Nyheter. 2006-07-13.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Federal Department of Foreign Affairs Press Release, 13 July 2006
- ^ Federal Council Press Release, 27 July 2006
- ^ Adam Beaumont (July 27, 2006). "Split cabinet buries its head over Lebanon". Swissinfo.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Turkey Urges Ceasefire In Middle East, Hemscott
- ^ Template:Tr icon Erdoğan: "İsrail'in derdi nedir?", CNN Turk
- ^ The Guardian (2006-07-25). "Stand up to US, voters tell Blair". Guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2006-07-28.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Blair Appeals For Mid East Calm, BBC News
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{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Minister condemns Israeli action". BBC. 22 July 2006. Retrieved 2006-07-23.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ The Guardian (2006-07-25). "British arms exports to Israel double in a year". Guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 2006-07-25.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ BBC News Online (2006-07-27). "Beckett protest at weapons flight". BBC. Retrieved 2006-07-27.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Straw slams Israel's use of 'disproportionate' violence". The Scotsman. 2006-07-28.
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{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Times of India (2006-07-30). "UNSC slams attack on Lebanon village". Times of India. Retrieved 2006-07-31.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b "Airport protesters claim victory". ICAyrshire. 2006-07-22.
- ^ a b "Airport handling more US flights". ICAyrshire. 2006-07-22.
- ^ Vatican condemns Israel for attacks on Lebanon, Yahoo News
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{{cite press release}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ [3], CWNews.com
- ^ "Words of the Pope at the Angelus prayer" (Press release). Vatican Press Office. 2006-07-23.
{{cite press release}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Words of the Pope at the Angelus prayer" (Press release). Vatican Press Office. 2006-07-30.
{{cite press release}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Harper sides firmly with Israel". Globe and Mail. 2006-07-13.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Canada to begin Lebanon evacuation by midweek: Harper". Globe and Mail. 2006-07-17.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Canadian evacuation days away, Harper says". Toronto Star. 2006-07-17.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Canadian evacuation going much smoother". Globe and Mail. 2006-07-22.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Opponents of Lebanese attack hold vigil outside Israeli consulate in Montreal". Montreal Gazette. 2006-07-22.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Neutral stance rejected: Opposition criticizes Harper's tough talk". National Post. 2006-07-19.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Israeli ambassador chides Bloc leader for joining Hezbollah march". CBC. August 6, 2006. Retrieved 2006-08-16.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ The Wall Street Journal
- ^ "US rushes precision-guided bombs to Israel: paper". Reuters. July 22, 2006.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b "Headlines for July 20, 2006". Democracy Now!.
- ^ "Headlines for July 17, 2006". Democracy Now!.
- ^ "CNN Poll conducted by Opinion Research Corporation". PollingReport.com. July 19, 2006.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Bush points finger at Syria, Hezbollah for crisis". CTV. 2006-07-18.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Israel calls Hizbollah capture of soldiers act of war". Reuters. 2006-07-12.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "U.S. Blames Syria, Iran For Israeli Soldiers' Kidnapping". Fox News. 2006-07-12.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "US blames Iran, Syria for Hizbollah capture". Reuters. 2006-07-12.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Raum, Tom (2006-07-13). "Bush Backs Israel's Right to Self Defense". Associated Press. Retrieved 2006-07-13.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Office of the Press Secretary (2006-07-13). "President Bush and German Chancellor Merkel Participate in Press Availability". The White House. Retrieved 2006-07-15.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Bush rejects Lebanese call for cease-fire". Associated Press. 2006-07-14.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Aljazeera.net (2006-07-17). "Bush, Blair unplugged". Al-Jazeera. Retrieved 2006-07-17.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Bush Rejects Lebanese Call for Cease-Fire". ABCnews. 2006-07-14.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "U.S. Embassy to Evacuate Americans From Lebanon".
- ^ Cyprus News Agency: News in English, 06-07-17
- ^ "Bush curses Hezbollah attacks". CNN. 2006-07-18.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Lebanon civilian deaths morally not same as terror victims -- Bolton". AFP. 2006-07-17.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Defense Security Cooperation Agency news release 14 July 2006, Transmittal No. 06-40, [4]
- ^ Israel to get U.S. "bunker buster" bombs - report, Reuters, 24 July, 2006
- ^ Al-Manar (2006-07-26). "High explosive bombs arrive to Israel on board US planes". Al-Manar.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Bush: 'Israel Has Right to Defend Itself'
- ^ Office of the Press Secretary (2006-07-18). "President Bush meets with Bipartisan Members of Congress on the G8 Summit". The White House.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Reuters (2006-07-22). "US Rushes Precision-Guided Bombs to Israel". Reuters.
{{cite news}}:|author=has generic name (help); Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Forbes (2006-07-30). "Rice says 'time to get to a ceasefire' in Lebanon - UPDATE". Forbes.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ TIME (2006-07-30). "How Rice's Mission Became the Victim of an Israeli Attack". TIME.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b United States Senate (2006-07-18). "Senate Resolution 534". Reuters.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b "House Will Pass Resolution Condemning Attacks In Israel". House of Representatives.
- ^ Ambassador Farid Abboud comments on situation
- ^ [5]Farid Abboud: Informational Site
- ^ Venezuela Slams Israel For Offensive In Lebanon, The Jerusalem Post
- ^ >"Venezuela Recalls Ambassador From Israel". Los Angeles Times. 2006-08-03.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20060804/ap_on_re_la_am_ca/mideast_fighting_venezuela_1
- ^ Hugo Chavez Compares U.S. to 'Dracula,' Israel to 'Hitler'
- ^ http://www.itv.com/news/world_ddd5b3eccbe0db5e2fa2210578cf3004.html
- ^ "Israel didn't start it: Howard". The Australian. 2006-07-14.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ South Africa Can Help In Middle East, IOL
- ^ Israel / Lebanon: End attacks against civilians immediately
- ^ "Deliberate destruction or "collateral damage"? Israeli attacks on civilian infrastructure". Amnesty International. 2006-08-23.
- ^ "3 Israeli Soldiers Die, 2 Captured in Raid". Forbes. 2006-07-12.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Arab League declares Middle East peace dead". ANTARA. 2006-07-16. Retrieved 2006-07-16.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "3 Asean Foreign Ministers Condemn Acts Of Terror In Middle East". Bernama. 2006-07-25.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ EU response to the conflict in Lebanon
- ^ Fatal Strikes: Israel’s Indiscriminate Attacks Against Civilians in Lebanon,. Human Rights Watch. 2006-08. Retrieved 2006-08-03.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Israel/Lebanon: End Indiscriminate Strikes on Civilians: Some Israeli Attacks Amount to War Crimes". Human Rights Watch. 2006-08-03. Retrieved 2006-08-03.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Human Rights Watch: Israel Responsible for Qana Attack - Indiscriminate Bombing in Lebanon a War Crime
- ^ "Red Cross, 'serious questions' over Israel's assault on Lebanon". Daily Star (Lebanon). 2006-07-19.
{{cite news}}:|access-date=requires|url=(help); Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|url:http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=ignored (help) - ^ [6], Union of Councils for Jews in the Former Soviet Union
- ^ Rally of Protest Staged in Nardaran, Today.Az
- ^ Rally in Protest Against Israeli Armed Intervention in Lebanon Staged in Nardaran, Azerbaijan, Azeri Press Information Agency
- ^ Template:Pt icon Comunidade libanesa mobiliza São Paulo, cmi brasil
- ^ Relatives of Montrealers killed in Lebanon condemn 'massacres'
- ^ La Presse, Dimanche 23 Juillet, 2006, page A1 continued page A4
- ^ CBC News: Lebanese-Canadians decry Israel in protests across Canada
- ^ Protests target Harper
- ^ CBC News: Attack in Lebanon sparks Montreal demonstration
- ^ Israeli attack enrages Montrealers
- ^ CBC News: Montrealers, politicians march for Mideast peace
- ^ CTV News: Thousands in Montreal protest Lebanon war
- ^ Montreal Gazette: Protesters denounce Israeli bombings
- ^ CTV News, August 1, 2006: Most Cdns. want neutrality in Mideast policy: poll
- ^ Globe And Mail, August 1, 2006: Only 32% back PM on Mideast
- ^ Gallup: Massiv dansk opbakning til Israel - dr.dk/Nyheder/Indland
- ^ Muslims unite in anger over Lebanon | Israel and the Middle East | Guardian Unlimited
- ^ Finland: Thousands rally for Israel
- ^ Pro-Palestinian Protests at Austurvöllur - The Reykjavík Grapevine Online
- ^ Israel's War and India: Aftershocks
- ^ Israel's War and India: Aftershocks - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
- ^ Indonesians Protest In Solidarity, Al Jazeera
- ^ Muslims unite in anger over Lebanon, The Guardian
- ^ Winnipeg Free Press
- ^ "Iranian volunteers set off for Lebanon". Yahoo! News. 2006-07-26.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "Iraqi Shiites Chant 'Death to Israel'". ABC News. 2006-08-06.
{{cite news}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ Middle East: War Has Only Just Begun, Iran's House Speaker Tells Anti-Israel Rally, AKI - Adnkronos international
- ^ "Protest at US embassy over conflict in Lebanon." (1 August 2006). The Irish Times p5.
- ^ NEWS RELEASE - IFI STATEMENT - 31/7/2006
- ^ "STOP THE WAR NOW!". Gush Shalom. Retrieved 2006-08-10.
{{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Left-wing rally: Negotiate with Hamas, Hizbullah, Ynetnews
- ^ Anti-war Tel Aviv rally draws Jewish, Israeli Arab crowd, Haaretz
- ^ The silent minority, The Guardian
- ^ ziv, oren (28 July 2006). "Demo against the war/ 28.7.06 Tel Aviv". Indymedia. Retrieved 2006-08-10.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ Shalom, Gush (11 August 2006). "10,000 in Tel Aviv 5 Aug antiwar demo". Indymedia. Retrieved 2006-08-11.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|coauthors=(help) - ^ World Public Opinion
- ^ Thousands protest Israeli attacks on Gaza, Lebanon, New Straits Times
- ^ Arrests at anti-Israel protest march in Auckland, New Zealand Herald
- ^ Oroligt efter demonstration i Stockholm (swedish), Dagens Nyheter
- ^ http://english.aljazeera.net/NR/exeres/6FB97C57-3ABE-41B0-8FEC-B7AC9111C90F.htm
- ^ Today'S Zaman
- ^ "Protests in UK at Israeli action". BBC. 2006-07-22.
- ^ Demonstrators Rally At U.N. As Mideast Firestorm Rages, NY1 News
- ^ Dearborn Antiwar Protest: 10,000 Unite for Lebanon, Detroit Free Press
- ^ Hillary stands up for Israel, The Australian - Defence
- ^ Politicians, others support Israel at rally in Atlanta, Jerusalem Post
- ^ 2,000 rally for Israel
- ^ Antiwar March in L.A. Draws Hundreds - Los Angeles Times
- ^ Aug. 12 demonstration
- ^ Dueling Middle East war protests in San Francisco
- ^ 'A Real Defining Moment' - Los Angeles Times
- ^ StandWithUs.com - Demonstrations Around the United States, Canada, & the UK for ISRAEL, StandWithUs.com
- ^ Scottish Friends of Israel, Scottish Friends of Israel
- ^ [http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/07/24/BAG6GK4AKO1.DTL Responses to a rally for Israel are split Sen. Feinstein says nation 'fighting for its very existence'], SFGate.com
- ^ http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/local/bal-rally0725,0,2597126.story Supporters of Israel rally in city], Baltimore Sun
- ^ Transcript - Senator Biden on Larry King Live
- ^ Israel/Palestinians
- ^ FOXNews.com - Bill O'Reilly
- ^ CNN LARRY KING LIVE - Interview with Bill Maher
- ^ Dana Milbank:Pronouncing Blame on the Israel Lobby, Mearsheimer and Walt speak at a forum at invitation of the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), Washington Post, August 29, 2006
- ^ Thousands in Yemen, Sudan protest Israeli attacks, Swissinfo
- ^ a b "AIPAC applauds passage of congressional resoultions" (PDF). AIPAC. Cite error: The named reference "AIPAC applauds passage of congressional resoultions" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ "AIPAC Points to Legion of Doom in Bekaa Valley". Harpers Magazine.
- ^ "Evangelical Christians plead for Israel". BBC.
- ^ "New Christian pro-Israel lobby aims to be stronger than AIPAC". Haaretz.
- ^ "Christian group to advocate more support for Israel". Washington Times.
