1850
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1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar).
Events of 1850
January – June
- January 29 – Henry Clay introduces the Compromise of 1850 to the U.S. Congress.
- February 28 – The University of Utah opens in Salt Lake City, Utah.
- March 7 – United States Senator Daniel Webster gives his "Seventh of March" speech in which he endorses the Compromise of 1850 in order to prevent a possible civil war.
- March 16 – Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter is published.
- March 19 – American Express is founded by Henry Wells & William Fargo.
- April 4 – Los Angeles, California is incorporated as a city.
- April 15 – San Francisco, California is incorporated as a city.
- May 7 – The Brigantine USS Advance is loaned to the United States Navy.
- May 16 – The French battleship Le Napoléon is launched.
- May 23 – The USS Advance puts to sea from New York to search for John Franklin's Arctic expedition.
- June 1 – The postage stamp issues of Austria begin with a series of imperforate typographed stamps featuring the coat of arms.
- June 3 – The traditional date of Kansas City, Missouri's founding. This is the date on which it is incorporated by Jackson County, Missouri as the "Town of Kansas".
July – December
- July – Taiping Rebellion: Hong Xiuquan orders the general mobilisation of rebel forces.
- July 9
- Mírzá 'Alí-Muhammad, known as the Báb, is executed by a firing squad in Tabriz, Persia for claiming to be a prophet.
- Vice President Millard Fillmore becomes the 13th President of the United States following the death of President Taylor.
- August 28 – Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin premieres.
- September 9
- California is admitted as the 31st U.S. state.
- The New Mexico Territory is organized by order of the U.S. Congress.
- September 13 – First ascent of Piz Bernina, the highest summit of the eastern Alps.
- September 18 – The Fugitive Slave Law is passed by the U.S. Congress.
- September 29 – The Catholic hierarchy is re-established in England and Wales by Pope Pius IX.
- October 1 – The University of Sydney (the oldest in Australia) is founded.
- October 19 – Phi Kappa Sigma International Fraternity was founded at the University of Pennsylvania.
- October 28 – Delegate Edward Ralph May delivers speech on behalf of African American suffrage to the Indiana Constitutional Convention.
- November – Taiping Rebellion: The first clashes of the Taiping Rebellion occur between Imperialist militia and the Heavenly Army.
- November 29 – The treaty called Punctation of Olmütz is signed in Olomouc. It means diplomatic capitulation of Prussia to the Austrian Empire, which takes over the leadership of the German Confederation.
- December 16 – The first settlers for the settlement of Christchurch arrive at the Port of Lyttelton (New Zealand).
Undated
- The American System of Watch Manufacturing starts in Roxbury, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (the Waltham Watch Company).
- Bingley Hall, the world's first purpose-built exhibition hall, opens in Birmingham, England.
- Allan Pinkerton forms the North-Western Police Agency, later the Pinkerton National Detective Agency.
- France begins to transport colonists to Algeria.
- Rifling becomes common in firearms.
- Entre Ríos Province in Argentina revolts, backed by Brazil in alliance with Paraguay and the Uruguayan Colorado Party.
- Harriet Tubman becomes an official conductor of the Underground Railroad.
- The International Organisation of Good Templars is established, then as the order of the Knights of Jericho.
- St. Mary’s Institute (the future University of Dayton) is founded in in Dayton, OH.
- US census shows that 11.2% of the population classed as "Negro" are of mixed race.
- Manchester reaches 400,000 inhabitants.
- Europeans are 22% of the world population.
- 1850 – 1880 – 144,000 East Indian laborers go to Trinidad and 39,000 East Indians come to Jamaica.
- University of Rochester is founded in Rochester, NY.
- Lehman Brothers is established in Montgomery, Alabama.
Ongoing Events
Births
Gregorian calendar | 1850 MDCCCL |
Ab urbe condita | 2603 |
Armenian calendar | 1299 ԹՎ ՌՄՂԹ |
Assyrian calendar | 6600 |
Baháʼí calendar | 6–7 |
Balinese saka calendar | 1771–1772 |
Bengali calendar | 1257 |
Berber calendar | 2800 |
British Regnal year | 13 Vict. 1 – 14 Vict. 1 |
Buddhist calendar | 2394 |
Burmese calendar | 1212 |
Byzantine calendar | 7358–7359 |
Chinese calendar | 己酉年 (Earth Rooster) 4547 or 4340 — to — 庚戌年 (Metal Dog) 4548 or 4341 |
Coptic calendar | 1566–1567 |
Discordian calendar | 3016 |
Ethiopian calendar | 1842–1843 |
Hebrew calendar | 5610–5611 |
Hindu calendars | |
- Vikram Samvat | 1906–1907 |
- Shaka Samvat | 1771–1772 |
- Kali Yuga | 4950–4951 |
Holocene calendar | 11850 |
Igbo calendar | 850–851 |
Iranian calendar | 1228–1229 |
Islamic calendar | 1266–1267 |
Japanese calendar | Kaei 3 (嘉永3年) |
Javanese calendar | 1778–1779 |
Julian calendar | Gregorian minus 12 days |
Korean calendar | 4183 |
Minguo calendar | 62 before ROC 民前62年 |
Nanakshahi calendar | 382 |
Thai solar calendar | 2392–2393 |
Tibetan calendar | 阴土鸡年 (female Earth-Rooster) 1976 or 1595 or 823 — to — 阳金狗年 (male Iron-Dog) 1977 or 1596 or 824 |
- Hortensia Antommarchi, Poet (d. 1915)
January – June
- January – John Barclay Armstrong, Texas Ranger and U.S. Marshal (d. 1913)
- January 4 – Frederick York Powell, English historian and scholar (d. 1904)
- January 6 – Eduard Bernstein, German social democratic theoretician and politician (d. 1932)
- January 6 – Xaver Scharwenka, Polish-German composer (d. 1924)
- January 10 – John Wellborn Root, American architect (d. 1891)
- January 11 – Philipp von Ferrary, Italian stamp collector (d. 1917)
- January 14 – Pierre Loti, French sailor and writer (d. 1923)
- January 15
- Mihai Eminescu, Romanian romantic poet (d. 1889)
- Leonard Darwin, son of the British naturalist Charles Darwin (d. 1943)
- Sofia Kovalevskaya, Russian mathematician (d. 1891)
- January 17 – Aleksandr Taneyev, Russian composer (d. 1918)
- January 18 – Seth Low, American educator (d. 1916)
- January 19 – Augustine Birrell, English author and politician (d. 1933)
- January 24
- Hermann Ebbinghaus, German psychologist (d. 1909)
- Mary Noailles Murfree, American novelist (d. 1922)
- January 27
- John Collier, British writer and painter (d. 1934)
- Edward Smith, captain of the Titanic (d. 1912)
- Samuel Gompers, American labor union leader (d. 1924)
- January 28 – Edward Merritt Hughes, U.S. Navy officer (d. 1903)
- January 29
- Ebenezer Howard, British urban planner (d. 1928)
- Lawrence Hargrave, Australian engineer (d. 1915)
- February 12 – William Morris Davis, American geographer (d. 1934)
- February 14 – Kiyoura Keigo, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1942)
- February 15 – Albert B. Cummins, American political figure (d. 1926)
- February 17 – Alf Morgans, Premier of Western Australia (d. 1933)
- February 18 – George Henschel, English musician (d. 1934)
- February 23 – César Ritz, Swiss hotelier (d. 1918)
- February 27
- Henry Huntington, American railroad pioneer and art collector (d. 1927)
- Laura E. Richards, American author (d. 1943)
- March 7
- Tomáš Masaryk, President of Czechoslovakia (d. 1937)
- Champ Clark, American politician (d. 1921)
- Éphrem-A. Brisebois, Canadian police officer (d. 1890)
- Georg von Vollmar, Socialist politician in Bavaria (d. 1922)
- March 9 – Hamo Thornycroft, British sculptor (d. 1925)
- March 10 – Spencer Gore, British tennis player and cricketer (d. 1906)
- March 13 – Hugh John Macdonald, premier of Manitoba (d. 1929)
- March 26 – Edward Bellamy, American author (d. 1898)
- March 31 – Charles Doolittle Walcott, American invertebrate paleontologist (d. 1927)
- April 8 – John Peters, American 19th century baseball player (d. 1924)
- April 9 – Julius Wernher, German-born British businessman and art collector (d. 1912)
- April 10 – Fanny Davenport, actress (d. 1898)
- April 11 – Isidor Rayner, U.S. senator (d. 1912)
- April 12 – Nikolai Golitsyn, Prime Minister of Russia (d. 1925)
- April 13 – Arthur Matthew Weld Downing, British astronomer (d. 1917)
- April 15
- William Thomas Pipes, Nova Scotia politician (d. 1909)
- Edmund Peck, Canadian missionary (d. 1924)
- April 16 – Paul von Breitenbach, German railway planner (d. 1930)
- April 18 – Joseph Labadie, American labor organizer (d. 1933)
- April 20 – Daniel Chester French, American sculptor (d. 1931)
- April 24 – Murdo MacKenzie, Scottish-Brazilian rancher (d. 1939)
- April 26
- Harry Bates, British sculptor (d. 1899)
- James Drake, Australian politician (d. 1915)
- April 27 – Hans Hartwig von Beseler, German soldier (d. 1921)
- April 29 – George Murdoch, first mayor of Calgary (d. 1910)
- May 1 – Prince Arthur of the United Kingdom (d. 1942)
- May 3 – Johnny Ringo, American cowboy (d. 1892)
- May 4 – Emanuel Schiffers, Russian chess player (d. 1904)
- May 7 – Anton Seidl, Hungarian conductor (d. 1898)
- May 8 – Ross Barnes, U.S. baseball player (d. 1915)
- May 10 – Thomas Lipton, Scottish merchant and yachtsman (d. 1931)
- May 12
- Henry Cabot Lodge, American statesman (d. 1924)
- Charles McLaren, 1st Baron Aberconway, Scottish Liberal politician and jurist (d. 1934)
- May 12 – Frederick Holder, premier of South Australia (d. 1909)
- May 14 – Alva Adams, Governor of Colorado (d. 1922)
- May 18 – Oliver Heaviside, British engineer (d. 1925)
- May 21 – Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian volcanologist (d. 1914)
- May 26 – James Kenyon, British pioneer of cinematography (d. 1925)
- May 27 – Thomas Neill Cream, serial killer (d. 1892)
- May 28 – Frederic William Maitland, English jurist and historian (d. 1906)
- May 30 – Frederick Dent Grant, U.S. soldier and statesman (d. 1912)
- May 31 – Alphonse Penaud, French aeronautical pioneer (d. 1880)
- June 2
- Jesse Boot, 1st Baron Trent, British businessman (d. 1931)
- Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer, responsible for diabetes mellitus (d. 1935)
- June 3 – Albert M. Todd, American businessman and politician (d. 1931)
- June 5 – Pat Garrett, American bartender and sheriff (d. 1908)
- June 6 – Karl Ferdinand Braun, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1918)
- June 12 – Roberto Ivens, Portuguese explorer of Africa (d. 1898)
- June 15 – Charles Hazelius Sternberg, American fossil collector and amateur paleontologist (d. 1943)
- June 18 – Cyrus Hermann Kotzschmar Curtis, American publisher (d. 1933)
- June 21 – Daniel Carter Beard, U.S. scouting pioneer (d. 1941)
- June 22 – Ignaz Goldziher, Jewish Hungarian orientalist (d. 1921)
- June 24 – Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, British field marshal and statesman (d. 1916)
- June 27
- Ivan Vazov, Bulgarian poet (d. 1921)
- Lafcadio Hearn, Greco-Japanese author (d. 1904)
- Jørgen Pedersen Gram, Danish mathematician (d. 1916)
July – December
- July 2 – Robert Ridgway, U.S. ornithologist (d. 1929)
- July 8 – Charles Rockwell Lanman, U.S. Sanskrit scholar (d. 1941)
- July 11 – Annie Armstrong, U.S. missionary leader (d. 1938)
- July 12
- Newell Sanders, U.S. businessman and politician (d. 1938)
- Otto Schoetensack, German anthropologist (d. 1912)
- July 15 – Mother Cabrini, U.S. saint (d. 1917)
- July 20 – John G. Shedd, U.S. businessman (d. 1926)
- July 28 – William Whittingham Lyman, U.S. vintner (d. 1921)
- July 31
- Robert Love Taylor, Tennessee congressman (d. 1912)
- Robert Planquette, French composer of stage musicals (d. 1903)
- August – Bernardo Reyes, Mexican general (d. 1913)
- August 5 – Guy de Maupassant, French writer (d. 1893)
- August 6 – Henri Chantavoine, French writer (d. 1918)
- August 9 – Johann Büttikofer, Swiss zoologist (d. 1929)
- August 13 – Philip Bourke Marston, English poet (d. 1887)
- August 14 – W. W. Rouse Ball, British mathematician (d. 1925)
- August 30 – Marcelo H. del Pilar, Filipino writer and journalist (d. 1896)
- October 1 – David R. Francis, American politician (d. 1927)
- October 1 – Thomas Vincent Welch, New York Assemblyman (d. 1903)
- November 2 – Antonio Jacobsen, maritime artist (d. 1921)
- 13 November – Robert Louis Stevenson, Scottish writer (d. 1894)
Deaths
January – June
- January 2 – Manuel de la Peña y Peña, interim President of Mexico (b. 1789)
- January 20 – Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger, Danish poet and playwright (b. 1779)
- January 22
- William Joseph Chaminade, French Catholic priest (b. 1761)
- Saint Vincent Pallotti, Italian missionary (b. 1795)
- January 26 – Francis Jeffrey, Scottish judge and literary critic (b. 1773)
- January 27
- Johann Gottfried Schadow, German sculptor (b. 1764)
- Philipp Roth, composer (b. 1779)
- February 4 – Daniel Turner, officer in the United States Navy (b. 1794)
- February 20 – Valentín Canalizo, acting president of Mexico (b. 1794)
- February 23 – Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer, British military officer and colonial administrator (b. 1775)
- February 25 – Daoguang Emperor of the Qing dynasty of China (b. 1782)
- February 27 – Samuel Adams, Democratic Governor of the State of Arkansas (b. 1805)
- March 3 – Oliver Cowdery, U.S. religious leader (b. 1806)
- March 13
- Juan Martín de Pueyrredón y O'Dogan, Argentine general and politician (b. 1776)
- Owen Stanley, British naval officer and explorer of New Guinea (b. 1811)
- March 26 – Samuel Turell Armstrong, U.S. political figure (b. 1784)
- March 27 – Wilhelm Beer, German banker and astronomer (b. 1797)
- March 28 – Gerard Brandon, Governor of Mississippi (b. 1788)
- March 31 – John C. Calhoun, 7th Vice President of the United States (b. 1782)
- April 7 – William Lisle Bowles, English poet and critic (b. 1762)
- April 9 – William Prout, English chemist and physician (b. 1785)
- April 12 – Adoniram Judson, U.S. Baptist missionary (b. 1788)
- April 16 – Marie Tussaud, French wax sculptor (b. 1761)
- April 17 – Jan Krukowiecki, Polish general (b. 1772)
- April 23 – William Wordsworth, English poet (b. 1770)
- April 24 – John Norvell, U.S. newspaperman and senator (b. 1789)
- May 1 – Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, French zoologist and anatomist (b. 1777)
- May 10 – Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French chemist and physicist (b. 1778)
- May 12 – Frances Sargent Osgood, U.S. poet (b. 1811)
- May 21 – Christoph Friedrich von Ammon, German theological writer and preacher (b. 1766)
- May 24
- Jane Porter, English novelist (b. 1776)
- Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł, Polish noble (b. 1778)
- May 31 – Giuseppe Giusti, Tuscan satirical poet (b. 1809)
- June 9 – John Green Crosse, English surgeon
- June 16 – William Lawson, British explorer of New South Wales (b. 1774)
- June 19 – Margaret Fuller, American journalist (b. 1810)
- June 30 – Richard Dillingham, American Quaker teacher (b. 1823)
July – December
- July 2 – Robert Peel, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1788)
- July 4 – William Kirby, English entomologist (b. 1759)
- July 7 – Timothy Hackworth, British steam locomotive engineer
- July 8 – Prince Adolphus of the United Kingdom, 1st Duke of Cambridge (b. 1774)
- July 9
- The Báb, Persian founder of the Bábí Faith (b. 1819) (executed by firing squad)
- Zachary Taylor, 12th President of the United States (b. 1784)
- Jean Pierre Boyer, President of Haiti (b. 1776)
- July 12 – Robert Stevenson, Scottish lighthouse engineer (b. 1772)
- July 14 – August Neander, German theologian and church historian (b. 1789)
- July 25 – Richard Barnes Mason, military governor of California (b. 1797)
- August 3 – Jacob Jones, U.S. Navy officer (b. 1768)
- August 6
- Edward Walsh, Irish poet (b. 1805)
- Hone Heke, Maori chief and war leader
- August 13 – Martin Archer Shee, Irish painter and president of the Royal Academy (b. 1770)
- August 17 – General José de San Martín, Argentine military and South American independence hero (b. 1778)
- August 18
- Charles Arbuthnot, British Tory politician (b. 1767)
- Honoré de Balzac, French author (b. 1799)
- August 22 – Nikolaus Lenau, Austrian poet (b. 1802)
- August 26 – King Louis-Philippe of France (b. 1773)
- August 27 – Thomas Kidd, English classical scholar and schoolmaster (b. 1770)
- September 2 – Charles Watkin Williams-Wynn, British Tory politician (b. 1775)
- September 12 – Presley O'Bannon, officer in the United States Marine Corps (b. 1784)
- September 22 – Johann Heinrich von Thünen, German economist (b. 1783)
- September 23 – José Gervasio Artigas, Uruguayan revolutionary (b. 1764)
- October 2 – Sarah Biffen, English painter (b. 1784)
- October 29 – Marmaduke Williams, Democratic-Republican U.S. Congressman from North Carolina (b. 1774)
- November 2 – Richard Dobbs Spaight, Jr., Democratic governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina (b. 1796)
- November 3 – Thomas Ford, governor of Illinois (b. 1800)
- November 4 – Gustav Schwab, German classical scholar (b. 1792)
- November 9 – François-Xavier-Joseph Droz, French writer on ethics and political science (b. 1773)
- November 19 – Richard Mentor Johnson, Vice President of the United States (b. 1780)
- November 22 – Lin Zexu, Chinese politician (b. 1785)
- November 30 – Germain Henri Hess, Swiss chemist and doctor (b. 1802)
- December 4
- Robert Gilfillan, Scottish poet (b. 1798)
- William Sturgeon, English physicist and inventor (b. 1783)
- December 10
- Józef Bem, Polish general (b. 1794)
- François Sulpice Beudant, French mineralogist and geologist (b. 1787)
- December 22 – William Plumer, U.S. lawyer and lay preacher (b. 1759)
- December 24 – Frédéric Bastiat French author and economist (b. 1801)
- December 28 – Heinrich Christian Schumacher, German astronomer (b. 1780)
- date unknown
- Edward Bickersteth, English evangelical divine (b. 1786)
- Elizabeth Simcoe, wife of John Graves Simcoe (b. 1762)
- Nur Singh, regent of Manipur
- Tan Tock Seng, Singaporean businessman philanthropist
- William Hamilton Maxwell, Scots-Irish novelist (b. 1792)
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Notes
- ^ "Calendar in year 1850 (Russia)" (Julian calendar, starting Tuesday), webpage: Julian-1850 (Russia used the Julian calendar until 1919).