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Paul Newman

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This article is about the American actor. For others with the same name, see Paul Newman (disambiguation).
Paul Newman
Paul Newman in 2007.
Born
Paul Leonard Newman

(1925-01-26)January 26, 1925
Template:City-state, U.S.
DiedSeptember 26, 2008(2008-09-26) (aged 83)
Template:City-state, U.S.
Occupation(s)Actor, director, humanitarian, entrepreneur
Years active1952–2007
Spouse(s)Jackie Witte (1949–1958) (divorced)
Joanne Woodward (1958–2008) (his death)

Paul Leonard Newman (January 26, 1925 – September 26, 2008)[1][2][3] was an American actor, film director, entrepreneur, humanitarian, and auto racing enthusiast. He won numerous awards, including an Academy Award for best actor for his performance in the 1986 Martin Scorsese film The Color of Money and eight other nominations,[4] three Golden Globe Awards, a BAFTA Award, a Screen Actors Guild Award, a Cannes Film Festival Award, an Emmy award, and many honorary awards. He also won several national championships as a driver in Sports Car Club of America road racing, and his race teams won several championships in open wheel IndyCar racing.

Newman was a co-founder of Newman's Own, a food company from which Newman donated all post-tax profits and royalties to charity.[5] As of August 2010, these donations had exceeded US $300 million.[5]

Early life

Newman was born in Shaker Heights, Ohio (a suburb of Cleveland), the son of Theresa (née Fetzer or Fetsko; Slovak: Terézia Fecková)[6][7] and Arthur Samuel Newman, who ran a profitable sporting goods store.[8][9] Newman's father was Jewish, the son of immigrants from Poland and Hungary;[9] Newman's mother, who practiced Christian Science, was born to a Slovak Roman Catholic family at Ptičie (formerly Pticsie) in the former Austria–Hungary (now in Slovakia).[7][10][11][12] Newman had no religion as an adult, but described himself as "a Jew", stating that "it's more of a challenge".[13] Newman's mother worked in his father's store, while raising Paul and his brother, Arthur, who later became a producer and production manager.[14]

Newman showed an early interest in the theater, which his mother encouraged. At the age of seven, he made his acting debut, playing the court jester in a school production of Robin Hood. Graduating from Shaker Heights High School in 1943, he briefly attended Ohio University in Athens, Ohio, where he was initiated into the Phi Kappa Tau fraternity.[14]

Military service

Newman served in the United States Navy in World War II in the Pacific theater.[14] Newman enrolled in the Navy V-12 program at Ohio University, hoping to be accepted for pilot training, but was dropped when it was discovered he was color blind.[14][15] He was sent instead to boot camp and then received further training as a radioman and gunner. Qualifying as a rear-seat radioman and gunner in torpedo bombers, in 1944, Aviation Radioman Third Class Newman was sent to Barber's Point, Hawaii. He was subsequently assigned to Pacific-based replacement torpedo squadrons (VT-98, VT-99, and VT-100). These torpedo squadrons were responsible primarily for training replacement pilots and combat air crewmen, placing particular importance on carrier landings.[15]

He later flew from aircraft carriers as a turret gunner in an Avenger torpedo bomber. As a radioman-gunner, he served aboard the USS Bunker Hill during the Battle of Okinawa in the spring of 1945. He was ordered to the ship with a draft of replacements shortly before the Okinawa campaign, but by a fluke of war, was held back because his pilot had an ear infection. The rest of his detail died.[16]

After the war, he completed his English degree at Kenyon College in Gambier, Ohio, graduating in 1949.[14] Newman later studied Drama at Yale University, graduating in 1954, and later studying under Lee Strasberg at the Actors' Studio in New York City.[14]

Oscar Levant wrote that Newman initially was hesitant to leave New York for Hollywood: "Too close to the cake," he reported him saying, "Also, no place to study."[17]

Career

Early work

Newman made his Broadway theater debut in the original production of William Inge's Picnic with Kim Stanley. He later appeared in the original Broadway productions of The Desperate Hours and Sweet Bird of Youth with Geraldine Page. He would later star in the film version of Sweet Bird of Youth, which also starred Page.

His first movie for Hollywood was The Silver Chalice (1954), followed by acclaimed roles in Somebody Up There Likes Me (1956), as boxer Rocky Graziano; Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (1958), opposite Elizabeth Taylor; and The Young Philadelphians (1959), with Barbara Rush and Robert Vaughn. However, predating all of these above was a small but notable part in an August 8, 1952 episode of the science fiction TV series Tales of Tomorrow entitled "Ice from Space",[18] in which he played Sergeant Wilson, his first credited TV or film appearance.

In February 1954, Newman appeared in a screen test with James Dean, directed by Gjon Mili, for East of Eden (1955). Newman was testing for the role of Aron Trask, Dean for the role of Aron's fraternal twin brother Cal. Dean won his part, but Newman lost out to Richard Davalos. The same year, Newman co-starred with Eva Marie Saint and Frank Sinatra in a live —and color —television broadcast of Our Town, a musical adaptation of Thornton Wilder's stage play with the same name. Newman was a last-minute replacement for James Dean.[19] In 2003, Newman acted in a remake of Our Town, taking on the role of the stage manager.

Major films

Newman was one of the few actors who successfully made the transition from 1950s cinema to that of the 1960s and 1970s. His rebellious persona translated well to a subsequent generation. Newman starred in Exodus (1960), The Hustler (1961), Hud (1963), Harper (1966), Hombre (1967), Cool Hand Luke (1967), The Towering Inferno (1974), Slap Shot (1977), and The Verdict (1982). He teamed with fellow actor Robert Redford and director George Roy Hill for Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969) and The Sting (1973).

He appeared with his wife, Joanne Woodward, in the feature films The Long, Hot Summer (1958), Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys!, (1958), From the Terrace (1960), Paris Blues (1961), A New Kind of Love (1963), Winning (1969), WUSA (1970), The Drowning Pool (1975), Harry & Son (1984), and Mr. and Mrs. Bridge (1990). They both also starred in the HBO miniseries Empire Falls, but did not have any scenes together.

In addition to starring in and directing Harry & Son, Newman also directed four feature films (in which he did not act) starring Woodward. They were Rachel, Rachel (1968), based on Margaret Laurence's A Jest of God, the screen version of the Pulitzer Prize-winning play The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds (1972), the television screen version of the Pulitzer Prize-winning play The Shadow Box (1980), and a screen version of Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie (1987).

Twenty-five years after The Hustler, Newman reprised his role of "Fast" Eddie Felson in the Martin Scorsese-directed The Color of Money (1986), for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor. He told a television interviewer that winning an Oscar at the age of 62 deprived him of his fantasy of formally being presented with it in extreme old age.[20]

Last works

In 2003, he appeared His last screen ]]'s Cars. Similarly, he served as narrator for the 2007 film Dale, about the life of the legendary NASCAR driver Dale Earnhardt, which turned out to be Newman's final film performance in any form. Newman also provided the narration for the film documentary The Meerkats, released in 2008.

Retirement from acting

Newman announced that he would entirely retire from acting on May 25, 2007. He stated that he did not feel he could continue acting at the level he wanted to. "You start to lose your memory, you start to lose your confidence, you start to lose your invention. So I think that's pretty much a closed book for me."[21][22]

Philanthropy

With writer A.E. Hotchner, Newman founded Newman's Own, a line of food products, in 1982. The brand started with salad dressing, and has expanded to include pasta sauce, lemonade, popcorn, salsa, and wine, among other things. Newman established a policy that all proceeds, after taxes, would be donated to charity. As of early 2006, the franchise has donated in excess of $250 million.[5] He co-wrote a memoir about the subject with Hotchner, Shameless Exploitation in Pursuit of the Common Good. Among other awards, Newman's Own co-sponsors the PEN/Newman's Own First Amendment Award, a $25,000 reward designed to recognize those who protect the First Amendment as it applies to the written word. His daughter, Nell Newman, took the helm of the company with his death.[23]

One beneficiary of his philanthropy is the Hole in the Wall Gang Camp, a residential summer camp for seriously ill children, which is located in Ashford, Connecticut. Newman co-founded the camp in 1988; it was named after the gang in his film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969). Newman's college fraternity, Phi Kappa Tau, adopted Hole in the Wall as their "national philanthropy" in 1995. One camp has expanded to become several Hole in the Wall Camps in the U.S., Ireland, France, and Israel. The camps serve 13,000 children every year, free of charge.[5]

In June 1999, Newman donated $250,000 to Catholic Relief Services to aid refugees in Kosovo.[24]

On June 1, 2007, Kenyon College announced that Newman had donated $10 million to the school to establish a scholarship fund as part of the college's current $230 million fund-raising campaign. Newman and Woodward were honorary co-chairs of a previous campaign.[25]

Paul Newman was one of the founders of the Committee Encouraging Corporate Philanthropy (CECP), a membership organization of CEOs and corporate chairpersons committed to raising the level and quality of global corporate philanthropy. Founded in 1999 by Newman and a few leading CEOs, CECP has grown to include more than 175 members and, through annual executive convenings, extensive benchmarking research, and best practice publications, leads the business community in developing sustainable and strategic community partnerships through philanthropy.[26]

Newman was named the Most Generous Celebrity of 2008 by Givingback.org. He contributed $20,857,000 for the year of 2008 to the Newman's Own Foundation, which distributes funds to a variety of charities.[27]

Upon Newman's death, the Italian newspaper (a "semi-official" paper of the Holy See) L'Osservatore Romano published a notice lauding Newman's philanthropy. It also commented that "Newman was a generous heart, an actor of a dignity and style rare in Hollywood quarters."[28]

Marriages and family

Newman was married twice. He was married to Jackie Witte[14] from 1949 to 1958. They had a son, Scott (1950), and two daughters, Susan Kendall (1953) and Stephanie.[14] Scott Newman, who died in November 1978 from a drug overdose,[29] appeared in the films Breakheart Pass, The Towering Inferno, and the 1977 film Fraternity Row. Paul Newman started the Scott Newman Center for drug abuse prevention in memory of his son.[30]

Susan is a documentary filmmaker and philanthropist and has Broadway and screen credits, including a starring role as one of four Beatles fans in I Wanna Hold Your Hand (1978), and also a small role opposite her father in Slap Shot. She also received an Emmy nomination as co-producer of his telefilm, The Shadow Box. Newman had two grandsons.

Newman married actress Joanne Woodward on February 2, 1958.[31] They had three daughters: Elinor "Nell" Teresa (1959), Melissa "Lissy" Stewart (1961), and Claire "Clea" Olivia (1965). Newman directed Elinor (stage name Nell Potts) in the central role alongside her mother in the film The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds.

The Newmans lived away from the Hollywood environment, making their home in Westport, Connecticut. Paul Newman was well known for his devotion to his wife and family. When asked about infidelity, he famously quipped, "Why go out for hamburger when you have steak at home?"[32][33]

Political activism

Newman at a political rally for Eugene McCarthy in 1968

For his support of Eugene McCarthy in 1968 (and effective use of television commercials in California) and his opposition to the War in Vietnam, Newman was placed nineteenth on Richard Nixon's enemies list,[34] which he claimed was his greatest accomplishment.

Consistent with his work for liberal causes, Newman publicly supported Ned Lamont's candidacy in the 2006 Connecticut Democratic Primary against Senator Joe Lieberman, and was even rumored as a candidate himself, until Lamont emerged as a credible alternative. He donated to Chris Dodd's presidential campaign.[35]

He attended the first Earth Day event in Manhattan on April 22, 1970. Newman was also a vocal supporter of gay rights, including same-sex marriage.[36]

Newman was concerned over global warming and supported nuclear energy development as a solution.[37]

Auto racing

Newman was an avid auto racing enthusiast, and first became interested in motorsports ("the first thing that I ever found I had any grace in") while training at the Watkins Glen Racing School for the filming of Winning, a 1969 film. Newman's first professional event was in 1972, in Thompson, Connecticut, and he was a frequent competitor in Sports Car Club of America (SCCA) events for the rest of the decade, eventually winning several championships. He later drove in the 1979 24 Hours of Le Mans in Dick Barbour's Porsche 935 and finished in second place.[38] Newman reunited with Barbour in 2000 to compete in the Petit Le Mans.[39]

24 Hours of Le Mans career
Years1979
TeamsDick Barbour Racing
Best finish2nd (1979)
Class wins1 (1979)

From the mid-1970s to the early 1990s, he drove for the Bob Sharp Racing team, racing mainly Datsuns (later rebranded as Nissans) in the Trans-Am Series. He became closely associated with the brand during the 1980s, even appearing in commercials for them. At the age of 70 years and 8 days, he became the oldest driver to be part of a winning team in a major sanctioned race,[40] winning in his class at the 1995 24 Hours of Daytona.[41] Among his last races were the Baja 1000 in 2004 and the 24 Hours of Daytona once again in 2005.[42]

Newman initially owned his own racing team, which competed in the Can-Am series, but later co-founded Newman/Haas Racing with Carl Haas, a Champ Car team, in 1983. The 1996 racing season was chronicled in the IMAX film Super Speedway, which Newman narrated. He was also a partner in the Atlantic Championship team Newman Wachs Racing. Newman owned a NASCAR Winston Cup car, before selling it to Penske Racing, where it now serves as the #12 car.

Newman was inducted into the SCCA Hall of Fame at the national convention in Las Vegas, Nevada on February 21, 2009.[43]

Illness and death

Newman was scheduled to make his professional stage directing debut with the Westport Country Playhouse's 2008 production of John Steinbeck's Of Mice and Men, but he stepped down on May 23, 2008, citing health issues.[44]

In June 2008 it was widely reported that Newman, a former chain smoker, had been diagnosed with lung cancer and was receiving treatment at Sloan-Kettering hospital in New York City.[45] Photographs taken of Newman in May and June showed him looking gaunt.[46] Writer A.E. Hotchner, who partnered with Newman to start the Newman's Own company in the 1980s, told the Associated Press that Newman told him about the disease about eighteen months prior to the interview.[47] Newman's spokesman told the press that the star was "doing nicely," but neither confirmed nor denied that he had cancer.[48] In August, after reportedly finishing chemotherapy, Newman told his family he wished to die at home. He died on September 26, 2008, aged 83, surrounded by his family and close friends.[49][50][51][52] His remains were subsequently cremated after a private funeral service near his home in Westport.[53]

Filmography, awards, and nominations

Further information: List of awards and nominations received by Paul Newman

As actor

Year Film Role Notes
1954 The Silver Chalice Basil
1955 Producer's Showcase: Our Town George Gibbs
1956 Somebody Up There Likes Me Rocky Graziano Cinema Writers Circle Award for Best Foreign Actor
The Rack Capt. Edward W. Hall Jr.
1957 The Helen Morgan Story Larry Maddux
Until They Sail Capt. Jack Harding
1958 The Long, Hot Summer Ben Quick Best Actor Award (Cannes Film Festival)
The Left Handed Gun Billy the Kid
Cat on a Hot Tin Roof Brick Pollitt Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actor
Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
Rally 'Round the Flag, Boys! Harry Bannerman
1959 The Young Philadelphians Anthony Judson Lawrence
1960 From the Terrace David Alfred Eaton
Exodus Ari Ben Canaan
1961 The Hustler Eddie Felson BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
Mar del Plata Film Festival Best Actor
Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actor
Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama
Paris Blues Ram Bowen
1962 Sweet Bird of Youth Chance Wayne Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama
Hemingway's Adventures of a Young Man Ad Francis, 'The Battler' Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture
1963 Hud Hud Bannon Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actor
Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama
A New Kind of Love Steve Sherman
The Prize Andrew Craig
1964 What a Way to Go! Larry Flint
The Outrage Juan Carrasco
1965 Lady L Armand Denis
1966 Harper Lew Harper
Torn Curtain Prof. Michael Armstrong
1967 Hombre John Russell
Cool Hand Luke Luke Jackson Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actor
Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama
1968 The Secret War of Harry Frigg Pvt. Harry Frigg
1969 Winning Frank Capua
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid Butch Cassidy Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
1970 WUSA Rheinhardt
1971 Sometimes a Great Notion Hank Stamper
Once Upon a Wheel (1971 TV program) Himself Winner: World Television Festival Award,

Winner: Best International Sports Documentary

1972 Pocket Money Jim Kane
The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean Judge Roy Bean
1973 The Mackintosh Man Joseph Rearden
The Sting Henry Gondorff
1974 The Towering Inferno Doug Roberts
1975 The Drowning Pool Lew Harper
1976 Silent Movie Himself
Buffalo Bill and the Indians William F. "Buffalo Bill" Cody
1977 Slap Shot Reggie "Reg" Dunlop
1979 Quintet Essex
1980 When Time Ran Out... Hank Anderson
1981 Fort Apache, The Bronx Murphy
Absence of Malice Michael Colin Gallagher Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actor
1982 Come Along with Me TV
The Verdict Frank Galvin David di Donatello for Best Foreign Actor
Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actor
Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama
1984 Harry & Son Harry Keach
1986 The Color of Money Fast Eddie Felson Academy Award for Best Actor
National Board of Review Award for Best Actor
Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama
1989 Fat Man and Little Boy Gen. Leslie R. Groves
Blaze Gov. Earl K. Long
1990 Mr. and Mrs. Bridge Walter Bridge
1993 La Classe américaine Dave in redubbed archive footage only
1994 The Hudsucker Proxy Sidney J. Mussburger
Nobody's Fool Donald J. "Sully" Sullivan Silver Berlin Bear Award for Best Actor
National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor
New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor
Nominated — Academy Award for Best Actor
Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama
Nominated — Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role
1998 Twilight Harry Ross
1999 Message in a Bottle Dodge Blake Nominated — Blockbuster Entertainment Award for Favorite Supporting Actor - Drama/Romance
2000 Where the Money Is Henry Manning
2001 The Blunder Years (The Simpsons episode) Himself voice
2002 Road to Perdition John Rooney Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated — Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated — BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role
Nominated — Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated — Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture
Nominated — Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting Actor
Nominated — Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture
2003 Our Town Stage Manager Nominated — Emmy Award
2005 Empire Falls Max Roby Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor - Miniseries or a Movie
Golden Globe Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for Television
Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D Dave Scott voice
2006 Cars Doc Hudson/Hudson Hornet voice
2007 Dale Narrator voice
2008 The Meerkats Narrator voice

As director or producer

Year Film Notes
1968 Rachel, Rachel Golden Globe Award for Best Director - Motion Picture
Nominated - Academy Award for Best Picture
New York Film Critics Circle Award (best director)[54]
1969 Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid Co-executive producer (uncredited)
Winning Co-executive producer (uncredited)
1970 WUSA Co-producer
1971 Sometimes a Great Notion Director and co-executive producer
They Might Be Giants producer
1972 The Effect of Gamma Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds Director and producer
The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean Co-executive producer (uncredited)
1980 The Shadow Box Nominated - Emmy Award for Best Director for a Miniseries, Movie or Dramatic Special
1984 Harry & Son Director and producer
1987 The Glass Menagerie
2005 Empire Falls Producer, Nominated: Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Miniseries

Additional awards and honors

In addition to the awards Newman won for specific roles, he received an honorary Academy Award in 1986 for his "many and memorable and compelling screen performances" and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award for his charity work in 1994.

He received the Golden Globe New Star of the Year — Actor award for The Silver Chalice (1957), the Henrietta Award World Film Favorite — Male in 1964 and 1966 and the Cecil B. DeMille Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1984.

Newman won Best Actor at the Cannes Film Festival for The Long, Hot Summer and the Silver Bear at the Berlin Film Festival for Nobody's Fool.

In 1968, Newman was named "Man of the Year" by Harvard University's performance group, the Hasty Pudding Theatricals.

Newman Day has been celebrated at Kenyon College, Bates College, Princeton University, and other American colleges since the 1970s. In 2004, Newman requested that Princeton University disassociate the event from his name, due to the fact that he did not endorse the behaviors, citing his creation of the Scott Newman Centre in 1980, which is "dedicated to the prevention of substance abuse through education".[55][56]

Posthumously, Newman was inducted into the Connecticut Hall of Fame, and was honored with a 37 acre nature preserve in Westport named in his honor. He was also honored by the United States House of Representatives following his death.

Published work

  • Newman, Paul; Hotchner, A.E. Newman's Own Cookbook. Simon & Schuster, 1998. ISBN 0684848325.
  • Newman, Paul; Hotchner, A.E. Shameless Exploitation in Pursuit of the Common Good. Doubleday Publishing, 2003. ISBN 0385508026.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ "Film Star Paul Newman dead at 83." Reuters.com. September 27, 2008.
  2. ^ "Legendary Actor Paul Newman Dies at Age 83."[dead link] ABC News. September 27, 2008.
  3. ^ "Paul Newman dies at 83". Cable News Network. CNN.com. 2008-09-27. Retrieved 2008-09-27. {{cite news}}: |first= has generic name (help); |first= missing |last= (help)
  4. ^ "Persons With 5 or More Acting Nominations". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. 03/2008. Retrieved 2008-12-30. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  5. ^ a b c d FAQs Newman's Own.com.
  6. ^ Lax, Eric (1996). - Paul Newman: A Biography. - Atlanta, Georgia: Turner Publishing. - ISBN 1570362866.
  7. ^ a b Morella, Joe; Epstein, Edward Z. (1988). - Paul and Joanne: A Biography of Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward. - Delacorte Press. - ISBN 0440500044.
  8. ^ Paul Newman Biography (1925-). - FilmReference.com.
  9. ^ a b Ancestry of Paul Newman. - Genealogy.com.
  10. ^ Hamill, Denis. - "Paul Newman, A Big Gun at 73". - Buffalo News. - March 7, 1998. - Retrieved: 2008-03-08
  11. ^ Ptičie Resumé. - Obecný úrad Ptičie
  12. ^ "Fallece el actor Paul Newman" Elmundo.es (27 September 2008)
  13. ^ Skow, John. - "Verdict on a Superstar". - TIME. - December 6, 1982.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g h Paul Newman biography. - Tiscali.co.uk.com.
  15. ^ a b Paul Newman. - Biographies in Naval History. - Navy.mil.
  16. ^ Hastings, Max (2008). - Retribution: The Battle for Japan, 1944-45. - Random House. - ISBN 0307263517.
  17. ^ Levant, Oscar (1969). - The Unimportance of Being Oscar. - Pocket Books. - p.56. ISBN 0671771043.
  18. ^ "Ice From Space". Tales of Tomorrow. Season 1. Episode 43. 1952-08-08. {{cite episode}}: Unknown parameter |serieslink= ignored (|series-link= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ Weiner, Ed; Editors of TV Guide (1992). The TV Guide TV Book: 40 Years of the All-Time Greatest Television Facts, Fads, Hits, and History (First ed.). New York: Harper Collins. p. 118. {{cite book}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
  20. ^ King, Kyle (September 27, 2008). "Film Star Paul Newman Dies at 83". Voice Of America. Voice Of America. Retrieved 2008-09-27.[dead link]
  21. ^ Paul Newman quits films after stellar career. News.com.au. May 27, 2007.
  22. ^ Hollywood star Newman to retire. BBC News. May 27, 2007.
  23. ^ "Paul Newman says he will die at home."[dead link] Herald Sun. August 9, 2008.
  24. ^ CNN - Incoming Kosovo refugees, outgoing U.S. donations - April 7, 1999[dead link]
  25. ^ "Paul Newman donates $10 mln to Kenyon College". Reuters. 2007-06-02. Retrieved 2007-06-04.
  26. ^ "CECP - Committee Encouraging Corporate Philanthropy". Corporatephilanthropy.org. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  27. ^ "The Giving Back 30". The Giving Back Fund. November 1, 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-04.
  28. ^ Pattison, Mark (September 30, 2008). "Catholic film critics laud actor Paul Newman's career, generosity". Retrieved April 11, 2010.
  29. ^ Clark, Hunter S. People. Time magazine. February 17, 1986.
  30. ^ Welcome. Scott Newman Center.org.
  31. ^ "Remembering Paul Newman." People. September 27, 2008.
  32. ^ "Concern about Paul Newman's health". New York Daily News. 2008-03-12. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
  33. ^ Ellen, Barbara (2006-10-08). "It's an age-old quandary — why do men, like dogs, stray?". London: The Guardian. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
  34. ^ "Facts on File". Web.archive.org. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  35. ^ Dodd Gets Financial Boost From Celebs. WFSB.com. 17 Apr 2007.
  36. ^ Winn, Steven (2008-09-28). "Paul Newman an icon of cool masculinity". Sfgate.com. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  37. ^ "Cool Hand Nuke: Paul Newman endorses power plant". USA Today. 2007-05-23. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
  38. ^ "XLVII Grand Prix d'Endurance les 24 Heures du Mans 1979". Le Mans & F2 Register. 2008-05-02. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
  39. ^ "American Le Mans Series 2000". World Sports Racing Prototypes. 2005-10-02. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
  40. ^ Vaughn, Mark (October 6, 2008). "Paul Newman 1925-2008". AutoWeek. 58 (40): 43.
  41. ^ "International Motor Sports Association 1995". World Sports Racing Prototypes. 2007-02-14. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
  42. ^ "Grand-American Road Racing Championship 2005". World Sports Racing Prototypes. 2005-12-17. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
  43. ^ "Newman Leads List of New SCCA Hall of Fame Inductees". Sports Car Club of America. 2008-12-03. Retrieved 2009-03-13.
  44. ^ "Citing Health, Newman Steps Down as Director of Westport's Of Mice and Men". Playbill. 2008-05-23. Retrieved 2008-06-15.
  45. ^ "Paul Newman has cancer". - The Daily Telegraph. - June 9, 2008.
  46. ^ "Gaunt Paul Newman has 'form of cancer,' business partner says"[dead link]. - Sun Journal. - June 12, 2008.
  47. ^ Christoffersen, John. "Longtime friend: Paul Newman has cancer". Associated Press. June 11, 2008.
  48. ^ "Newman says he is 'doing nicely'". - BBC - BBC.com. - June 11, 2008.
  49. ^ AP. "Acting legend Paul Newman dies at 83". msnbc. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
  50. ^ Leask, David. "Paul Newman, Hollywood legend, dies at 83". Scotlandonsunday.scotsman.com. Retrieved 2010-03-10.
  51. ^ "Film star, businessman, philanthropist Paul Newman dies at 83." Free Press.com. September 28, 2008.
  52. ^ Katz, Ivan. "Actor, Philanthropist, Race Car Driver Paul Newman Dies."[dead link] Chicago Examiner. September 27, 2008.
  53. ^ Hodge, Lisa. "Legend laid to rest in private family ceremony." ahlanlive.com. Retrieved October 11, 2008.
  54. ^ Bernstein, Adam (September 27, 2008). "Academy-Award Winning Actor Paul Newman Dies at 83". The Washington Post. The Washington Post Company. Retrieved 2008-09-27.
  55. ^ "Binge drink ritual upsets actor". BBC News. 2004-04-24.
  56. ^ Cheng, Jonathan (2004-04-24). "Newman's Day - forget it, star urges drinkers". Sydney Morning Herald.

References

  • Demers, Jenifer. Paul Newman: the Dream has Ended!. Createspace, 2008. ISBN 1440433232
  • Lax, Eric. Paul Newman: a Biography. Turner Publishing, Incorporated, 1999. ISBN 1-57036-286-6.
  • Morella, Joe; Epstein, Edward Z. Paul and Joanne: A Biography of Paul Newman and Joanne Woodward. Delacorte Press, 1988. ISBN 0440500044.
  • O'Brien, Daniel. Paul Newman. Faber & Faber, Limited, 2005. ISBN 057121987X.
  • Oumano, Elena. Paul Newman. St. Martin's Press, 1990. ISBN 0-517-05934-7.
  • Quirk, Lawrence J. The Films of Paul Newman. Taylor Pub., 1986. ISBN 0-8065-0385-8.
  • Thomson, Kenneth. The Films of Paul Newman. 1978. ISBN 0-912616-87-3.

Further reading

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