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The Right Honourable
Harriet Harman

QC (Hon) MP
Shadow Deputy Prime Minister
Assumed office
8 October 2010
LeaderEd Miliband
Preceded byJack Straw
Shadow Secretary of State for International Development
Assumed office
8 October 2010
LeaderEd Miliband
Preceded byDouglas Alexander
Deputy Leader of the Labour Party
Assumed office
24 June 2007
LeaderGordon Brown[1]
Ed Miliband
Preceded byJohn Prescott
Labour Party Chair
Assumed office
24 June 2007
LeaderGordon Brown[1]
Ed Miliband
Preceded byHazel Blears
Leader of the Opposition
In office
11 May 2010 – 25 September 2010
MonarchElizabeth II
Prime MinisterDavid Cameron
Preceded byDavid Cameron
Succeeded byEd Miliband
Leader of the House of Commons
Lord Privy Seal
In office
28 June 2007 – 11 May 2010
Prime MinisterGordon Brown
Preceded byJack Straw
Succeeded byGeorge Young
Minister for Women and Equality
In office
28 June 2007 – 11 May 2010
Prime MinisterGordon Brown
Preceded byRuth Kelly (Women)
Succeeded byTheresa May (Women and Equalities)
Solicitor General
In office
11 June 2001 – 10 May 2005
Prime MinisterTony Blair
Preceded byRoss Cranston
Succeeded byMike O'Brien
Secretary of State for Social Security
In office
3 May 1997 – 27 July 1998
Prime MinisterTony Blair
Preceded byPeter Lilley
Succeeded byAlastair Darling
Minister for Women
In office
3 May 1997 – 27 July 1998
Prime MinisterTony Blair
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byThe Baroness Jay of Paddington
Member of Parliament
for Camberwell and Peckham
Peckham (1982–1997)
Assumed office
28 October 1982
Preceded byHarry Lamborn
Majority17,187 (36.8%)
Personal details
Born (1950-07-30) 30 July 1950 (age 74)
Marylebone, United Kingdom
Political partyLabour
SpouseJack Dromey
Alma materUniversity of York
ProfessionSolicitor
WebsiteOfficial website

Harriet Ruth Harman (born 30 July 1950) is a British Labour Party politician, who is the Member of Parliament (MP) for Camberwell and Peckham, and was MP for the predecessor Peckham constituency from 1982 to 1997. She was the interim Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition from 11 May to 25 September 2010, until Ed Miliband took over the role.

In 2007, she became the Deputy Leader and Party Chair of the Labour Party, and served in the Cabinet as Leader of the House of Commons, Lord Privy Seal, and Minister for Women and Equality from 2007 to 2010.[2] Following the resignation of Gordon Brown as Prime Minister and Labour Leader, Harman became Party Leader and replaced Conservative Party Leader David Cameron (who became Prime Minister) as Leader of the Opposition. She served in both roles until the Labour party elected Ed Miliband as Leader. Miliband appointed her Shadow Secretary of State for International Development however she will continue as a stand-in leader during Prime Minister's Questions, when Ed Miliband is away. She is also the current female MP with the longest period of continuous service in the House of Commons.

Early life

She was born in London to the Harley Street physician John Bishop Harman FRCP and his wife Anna (née Spicer), a solicitor. Her parents both came from non-conformist backgrounds — her grandfather Nathaniel Bishop Harman was a prominent Unitarian[3] and the Spicer family were well known congregationalists. Her aunt is Elizabeth Pakenham, Countess of Longford, and her cousins include the writers Lady Antonia Fraser, Lady Rachel Billington, and Thomas Pakenham.

She was educated at the independent St Paul's Girls' School and the University of York, where she gained a BA in Politics. Between 1978 and 1982, she was legal officer for the National Council for Civil Liberties and as such was found in contempt of court by Mr Justice Hugh Park in the important civil liberties case Harman v The Home Office (the conviction for contempt being upheld on appeal),[4] before becoming MP for Peckham in a by-election in 1982. However, Harman took her case to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg and successfully argued that the prosecution had breached her right to freedom of expression. In the field of public law, Harman v United Kingdom is still cited in textbooks.[5]

Harman was later involved in a European Court of Human Rights case against MI5 after it was revealed by whistleblower Cathy Massiter in 1984 that personal files were held by MI5 on Harman and on another leading member of the NCCL — Patricia Hewitt.[6] They successfully argued that there had been an infringement of their rights because MI5 was not a legally constituted and democratically accountable organisation, this being the minimum standard in democracy.[6] The success of the case led to enactment of the Security Service Act 1989.[6]

Member of Parliament

In the by-election held on 28 October 1982, she was elected Member of Parliament for Southwark, Peckham with a majority of 3,931 votes.

Harman is a committed feminist, having said, "I am in the Labour Party because I am a feminist. I am in the Labour Party because I believe in equality."[7] Because of her unabashed feminism, her detractors have given her the nickname 'Harriet Harperson'.[8][9]

Opposition frontbench (1984–97)

In 1984, Harman became Shadow Minister of State for Social Services and the served as opposition spokeswoman for health in 1987. After the 1992 general election she entered the Shadow Cabinet as Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury (1992–1994); and later served as Shadow Employment Secretary (1994–1995), Shadow Health Secretary (1995–1996) and Shadow Social Security Secretary (1996–1997).[10]

In government

After Labour's victory in the 1997 general election, she became Secretary of State for Social Security and was given the task of reforming the Welfare State. During this time, her more notable policies included introducing a minimum income guarantee and winter fuel payments for the elderly.[11] It was later ruled that the fuel payments policy breached European sex discrimination laws in that men had to wait five years longer to receive them than women.[12] The policy was amended so both sexes qualified at age 60. Harman was sacked from the position in 1998. According to many in the media, this was the result of a series of public rows with junior minister Frank Field, though others also cited her decision to cut benefits to lone parents as a factor.[13]

Harman made a return to the front bench after the 2001 general election, with her appointment to the office of Solicitor General, thus becoming the first female Solicitor General. In accordance with convention, she was appointed as Queen's Counsel, although she was never a barrister, had no rights of audience in the higher courts, did not obtain them and never presented a case during her time as Solicitor General, or at all.

After the 2005 general election, she became a Minister of State in the Department for Constitutional Affairs with responsibilities including constitutional reform, legal aid and court processes and she represented Lord Falconer in the House of Commons on the frontbench.

On 16 March 2006, Harman relinquished her ministerial responsibilities for electoral administration and reform of the House of Lords. She stated that this was to avoid any potential conflict of interest after her husband Jack Dromey, the Treasurer of the Labour Party, announced that he would be investigating a number of loans made to the Labour Party that had not been disclosed to party officers. She retained her other responsibilities.[14]

Return to cabinet

Harman is known as a long term supporter of Gordon Brown and regarded as a personal friend.[15] On 28 June 2007, she was appointed to sit in newly appointed Prime Minister Gordon Brown's Cabinet as Leader of the House of Commons, Lord Privy Seal and Minister for Women and Equality (combining these post with the Deputy Leader and Chair of the Labour Party). However, unlike the previous Deputy Leader of the Labour Party, John Prescott, Harman was not given the title of 'Deputy Prime Minister'.

When Harman, as Leader of the House of Commons, stood in for Gordon Brown during Prime Minister's Questions on Wednesday 2 April 2007 (due to the Prime Minister attending a NATO summit in Romania), she became the first female Labour Minister to take Prime Minister's Questions. She subsequently repeated this during Brown's absences.

Harman attacked the Conservative Party at the Labour Party Conference 2007, referring to them as the "nasty party" and suggesting that there would be little competition at the next election.[16]

On 1 April 2008 the Daily Mail reported that Harman had decided to wear a kevlar-reinforced stab vest while touring her Peckham constituency under police guard.[17] On 2 April The Guardian relayed information from the Metropolitan Police that "the type of Met Vest she wore over her jacket protected her from knife attacks and bullets, and, for her at least, was optional".[18] Harman compared the decision to wearing a hard hat while touring a building site, which led the BBC's John Humphrys to respond, during an interview for BBC Radio 4, "You wear a hard hat on a building site because... there is the danger that something might drop on your head. You don't need to wear a bullet-proof vest on the streets of London, do you!" Harman told the BBC that the neighbourhood police team she was with put on their stab vests and gave her one to wear as well.[19]

In April 2008, Harman's blog was "hacked" and changed to state that she had joined the Conservative Party. Harman later admitted when questioned by Sky News that the incident was a result of her using "Harriet" and "Harman" as her username and password.[20][21]

Return to opposition

Following the resignation of Gordon Brown as Prime Minister and Leader of the Labour Party on 11 May 2010, Harman automatically became the temporary leader of the party as well as the Leader of the Opposition, entitling her to the salary and government car that come with the role. Although she was acting Leader, she was Leader by the terms of the party's constitution, albeit on a temporary basis, as was the case with Margaret Beckett in 1994.[22]

After Brown's resignation, she quickly announced that she would remain Deputy Leader rather than standing for election as Leader. Her only public explanation was the assertion that: “You can’t run for leader at the same time as being deputy leader”.[23]

She nominated Diane Abbott, MP for Hackney North and Stoke Newington, to prevent the election from being all male. But, she nonetheless asserted her intention to remain neutral throughout the contest and said, "This is a very crucial [sic] period and we have got five fantastic candidates. All [sic] of them would make excellent leaders of the party."[24]

Following Ed Miliband's election as leader, she returned to her role as Deputy Leader, an ex officio member of the Shadow Cabinet. When Miliband assigned portfolios on 8 October 2010, he appointed her Shadow Deputy Prime Minister,[25] and Shadow Secretary of State for International Development.[26]

Legislation

Equality Bill

Main article: Equality Act 2010

As part of a proposed Equality Bill, Harman announced a consultation on changing the existing discrimination laws, which included options for Reverse Discrimination in employment. Under the proposals, employers would be legally allowed to discriminate in favour of a job candidate on the basis of their race or gender where the candidates were otherwise equally qualified. Employers would not be required to use these powers, but would be able to do so without the threat of legal action for discriminatory practices. Harman has stated that this proposal would not simply involve discrimination against white males, and that men will benefit in some circumstances; for example if a school wanted to balance a predominantly female workforce by discriminating in favour of employing a male teacher.[27] The white paper also proposed measures to end age discrimination, promote transparency in organisations and introduce a new equality duty on the public sector.[28] These changes, if made, could face a challenge under Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex, race, colour, language, religion and on several other criteria.[29] Michael Millar, writing in The Spectator was of the opinion that, "The Equality Bill before parliament today gives employers the right to choose an ethnic minority candidate or female candidate over a white male, specifically because they are an ethnic minority or female."[30] Some commentators, however, such as Graham Kirby, writing for the blogging site The Samosa, have defended the act as essentially meritocratic and necessary.[31]

Harman also commissioned a report on allowing political parties to draw up all-black shortlists[32] designed to increase the number of black MPs in Westminster. A further report proposed extended the arrangement allowing all-women shortlists beyond 2015[33] which will fail to have any impact in the 2010 general election.[34] These proposals are supported by members of the three major parties, though no others allow discrimination in their shortlists.[35] Inside the Labour Party, Harman has said she does "not agree with all-male leaderships" because men "cannot be left to run things on their own"; and that, consequently, one of Labour's top two posts should always be held by a woman.[36]

She has backed plans for an increase in the number of homosexual MPs, and has suggested that 39 openly gay MPs should be in the next Parliament. The target is based on an official estimate that six per cent of Britain is homosexual; however, such targets have been criticised for failing to take account of gay MPs who prefer to keep their sexuality private.[37]

Voting record

Harman has supported the Labour government and voted with the party in all but a few instances. She supported the Iraq War, although during the Deputy Leadership campaign, she said that she would not have voted for it had she been in full possession of the facts, specifically about the lack of concrete evidence of weapons of mass destruction.[38][39] When asked by Jeremy Paxman if the Labour Party should say sorry for what happened, Jon Cruddas said that it should and Harman replied that she agreed with his statement. Later Harman appeared to backtrack on BBC Radio 4's Today Programme and asked for evidence to be provided of where she had stated that the party should apologise.[40]

Deputy Leader of the Labour Party

Harman announced her intention to stand for Deputy Leadership of the Labour Party when John Prescott stood down.[41] On 27 November 2006 Patrick Wintour reported that she had commissioned an opinion poll that had found that she would be more popular with the electorate than any of the other likely candidates. She used this point to argue that she should become the next Deputy Prime Minister in an interview with the BBC.[42]

Harman did not have the support of any major unions, and helped to fund her campaign for deputy leadership by taking out a personal loan of £10,000[43] and a £40,000 extension to her mortgage.[44] Harman failed to report some donations and loans on time, and was subject to an Electoral Commission inquiry for breaches of electoral law. The commission said that her "failure to report on time is a serious matter" though the case was not handed over to the police.[45]

On 24 June 2007, in what was a close contest Harman was elected Deputy Leader of the Labour Party.[46] Alan Johnson had led in all but the first of the previous rounds, but when second-preference votes had been redistributed after the fourth round, Harman stood elected with 50.43% of the vote to Johnson's 49.56%[47]

Campaign donations

Main article: 2007 Labour party donation scandal

In November 2007, it emerged that property developer David Abrahams' secretary Janet Kidd had donated £5,000 to Harman's successful deputy leadership bid.[48] After an investigation by The Mail on Sunday newspaper into other donations made by people associated with Abrahams, and Prime Minister Gordon Brown's assertion that all such monies would be returned, Harman issued a statement saying she accepted the donation on 4 July "in good faith," had registered the monies with the Electoral Commission and the Register of Members' Interests, and that she "was not aware of any funding arrangements... between David Abrahams and Janet Kidd".[49]

Loyalty

In November 2010, The Times reported[50] that at the end of 2009 Harman had hosted a new year's house party at her second home in Suffolk with guests including Patricia Hewitt, at "least one other minister" and another MP. It reported that she told guests that Gordon Brown was "hopeless" and that there were at least five members of the Cabinet who would tell Gordon Brown that he should resign. After the Christmas recess, Hewitt and Geoff Hoon wrote an open letter calling for a leadership election. This failed to get support from any serving minister, including Harman, and no election occurred, leading to the accusation that "Harriet bottled it".

Fathers and families

Erin Pizzey criticised the views expressed by Harman in the 1990 IPPR report "The Family Way". Writing in the Daily Mail, Pizzey claimed the report was a "staggering attack on men and their role in modern life" as a result of its stating, "it cannot be assumed that men are bound to be an asset to family life or that the presence of fathers in families is necessarily a means to social cohesion".[51] In May 2008 an interview she gave to think tank Civitas Harman stated that there was "no ideal type of household in which to bring up children".[52][53][54]

In June 2008, two members of Fathers 4 Justice staged a protest on the roof of her house in Herne Hill, south east London, they had a banner that read: "A father is for life not just conception." After they climbed back off the roof they were arrested by the Metropolitan Police and bailed until 16 July 2008.[55] On the morning of 9 July 2008, fathers for justice again climbed on Harmen's roof with a banner that read, "Stop war on dads."[56] One of the complaints of the protesters was that Harman had refused their requests for a meeting yet she denied that they had even requested such a meeting.[57]

MPs' expenses

In January 2009, Harman proposed a rule change to exempt MPs' expenses from the Freedom of Information Act. Her parliamentary order aimed to remove "most expenditure information held by either House of Parliament from the scope of the Freedom of Information Act". It meant that, under the law, journalists and members of the public would no longer be entitled to learn details of their MP's expenses. Labour MPs were to be pressured to vote for this measure by use of a three line whip. Her proposal was withdrawn when the Conservative Party said they would vote against, and an online campaign by mySociety.[58] The failure of the motion led to the disclosure of expenses of British Members of Parliament.

In December 2010 it emerged that Harman was amongst 40 MPs who had secretly repaid wrongly claimed expenses between 2008 and 2010. Her case related to misusing common's stationery for writing to non-constituents and she repaid £13.20.[59] In November 2010 Harman's parliamentary private secretary Ian Lavery had controversially blocked a motion allowing the deals to be made public.[60][61]

Use of statistics

In the recession after a government report suggested that women were twice as likely to lose their jobs as men and feared losing their jobs more than men, Harman stated "we will not allow women to become the victims of this recession".[62] However, some statistics contradicted her position, including the Office for National Statistics report on the issue which stated "the economic downturn in 2008 has impacted less on women in employment than men" According to the ONS men were losing their jobs at twice the rate of women. The Government Equalities Office insisted the ONS figures did not render pointless its efforts to help women.[63][64][65]

In June 2009, Sir Michael Scholar, head of the UK Statistics Authority, wrote to Harman to warn her that different headline figures used by the ONS and Government Equalities Office with regards to pay differentiation between men and women might undermine public trust in official statistics. The GEO's headline figure was 23%, which was based on median hourly earnings of all employees, not the 12.8%, based on median hourly earnings of full-time employees only, used by the ONS. Scholar wrote: "It is the Statistics Authority’s view that use of the 23% on its own, without qualification, risks giving a misleading quantification of the gender pay gap".[66][67] The Equalities Office rejected his criticism, saying: 'With women representing over three-quarters of the part-time workforce, we believe this figure gives the fullest picture of the country's gender pay gap.'.[68]

Personal life

Harman married Jack Dromey in 1982 in the borough of Brent, after meeting him on the picket line of the Grunwick dispute in 1977; she was legal advisor to the Grunwick Strike Committee. They have two sons (born February 1983 and November 1984) and a daughter (born January 1987), with the latter having the surname "Harman".[69] Labour colleague Patricia Hewitt is godmother to one of her children.[13] She has a house in Suffolk,[70] in addition to her home in Herne Hill, South London.[71]

In 1996 Harman sent her younger son Joseph to St Olave's Grammar School, Orpington after sending her eldest son Harry to the London Oratory School, a grant-maintained school. Harman said: "This is a state school that other children in my son's class will be going to... And admission is open to every child in Southwark irrespective of money or who their parents are".[72]

Motoring convictions

In 2003, Harman was fined £400 and banned from driving for seven days after being convicted of driving at 99 mph (159 km/h) on a motorway, 29 mph (47 km/h) above the speed limit.[73]

In 2007, Harman was issued with a £60 fixed penalty notice and given three penalty points on her licence for driving at 50 mph (80 km/h) in a temporary 40 mph (64 km/h) zone. Harman paid the fine several months late and avoided appearing at Ipswich magistrates court.[70] Harman was again caught breaking the speed limit the following April, this time in a 30 mph zone, receiving a further 3 points on her driving licence.[74]

In January 2010 Harman pleaded guilty to driving without due care and attention in relation to an incident on 3 July where she struck another vehicle whilst driving using a mobile phone, she admitted the offence in court becoming the first serving Cabinet minister in memory to plead guilty to a criminal offence.[75][76] Harman was fined £350, ordered to pay £70 costs, a £15 victim surcharge and had three points added to her licence.[77] Road safety organisations such as Brake condemned the leniency of the punishment and decision to drop the charge of driving whilst using a mobile phone.[78] The judge defended the decision stating "Ms Harman’s guilty plea to driving without due care and attention included her admitting that she had been using a mobile phone at the time".[79]

Styles

  • Miss Harriet Harman (1950–1982)[80]
  • Ms Harriet Harman MP (1982–1997)[80][81]
  • The Rt. Hon. Harriet Harman MP (1997–2005)
  • The Rt. Hon. Harriet Harman QC MP (2005–)

References

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  74. ^ Laing, Aislinn (9 January 2010). "Harriet Harman fined over careless driving while on mobile phone". London: Telegraph. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
  75. ^ Harriet Harman pleads guilty to careless driving Times Online, 8 January 2010
  76. ^ "Harriet Harman faces driving with mobile prosecution". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 19 November 2009. Retrieved 21 November 2009.
  77. ^ "Harman questioned over car crash". BBC News Online. London: British Broadcasting Corporation. 3 October 2009. Retrieved 7 October 2009.
  78. ^ Greenwood, Chris (9 January 2010). "'Letting Harriet Harman off for driving with a mobile sends wrong message'". The Scotsman. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
  79. ^ Harriet Harman escapes driving ban after using mobile while driving Times Online, 9 January 2010
  80. ^ a b "Webchat with Harriet Harman MP". Mumsnet. 25 November 2008. Retrieved 12 April 2010.
  81. ^ Department of the Official Report (Hansard), House of Commons, Westminster (11 September 2003). "House of Commons Hansard Debates for 11 Sept 2003 (pt 5)". Parliament Stationery Office. Retrieved 12 April 2010.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Publications

  • Sex Discrimination in Schools: How to Fight it by Harriet Harman, 1978, Civil Liberties Trust ISBN 0-901108-73-1
  • Justice Deserted: Subversion of the Jury by Harriet Harman et al., 1979, Civil Liberties Trust ISBN 0-901108-79-0
  • Violence Against Social Workers: The Implications for Practice by Dan Norris, foreword by Harriet Harman, Jessica Kingsley Publishers ISBN 1-85302-041-9
  • The Family Way: A New Approach to Policy Making by Harriet Harman et al., 1990, Institute for Public Policy Research ISBN 1-872452-15-9
  • The Century Gap: 20th Century Man/21st Century Woman by Harriet Harman, 1993, Vermilion ISBN 0-09-177819-0
  • Winning for Women by Harriet Harman and Deborah Mattinson, 2000, Fabian Society ISBN 0-7163-0596-8
  • Women with Attitude by Susan Vinnicombe, John Bank, foreword by Harriet Harman, 2002, Routledge ISBN 0-415-28742-1
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Harriet Harman.
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Preceded by Member of Parliament for Peckham
1982–1997 		Constituency abolished
New constituency Member of Parliament for Camberwell and Peckham
1997–present 		Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by Secretary of State for Social Security
1997–1998 		Succeeded by
New office Minister for Women
1997–1998 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Solicitor General for England and Wales
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Preceded by Leader of the House of Commons
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Lord Privy Seal
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2010 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Shadow Secretary of State for International Development
2010-present 		Incumbent
Party political offices
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2007–present 		Incumbent
Preceded by Labour Party Chair
2007–present
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2010 		Succeeded by

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