Lewisville, Texas
Lewisville, Texas | |
---|---|
![]() Lewisville City Hall | |
![]() Location of Lewisville in Denton County, Texas | |
Country | ![]() |
State | ![]() |
Counties | Denton, Dallas |
Incorporated | January 15, 1925[1] |
Government | |
• Type | Council–manager |
• City Council | Mayor Dean Ueckert Leroy Vaughn Neil Ferguson TJ Gilmore John Gorena Rudy Durham |
• City Manager | Claude E. King |
Area | |
• Total | 42.47 sq mi (109.99 km2) |
• Land | 36.4 sq mi (94.27 km2) |
• Water | 6.07 sq mi (15.72 km2) |
Elevation | 525 ft (170 m) |
Population | |
• Total | 95,290 |
• Density | 2,618/sq mi (1,011/km2) |
Time zone | UTC-6 (Central) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC-5 (Central) |
ZIP codes | 75029, 75057, 75067, 75077 |
Area code | 972 |
FIPS code | 42508[2] |
GNIS feature ID | 1339860[3] |
Website | http://www.cityoflewisville.com |
Lewisville (/[invalid input: 'icon']ˈljuː.ɪs.vɪl/) is a city in Denton County, Texas, United States. The 2000 United States Census placed the city's population at 77,737 and the 2010 Census stated its population as 95,290, making it one of the fastest growing city populations in the United States.[4] It occupies 36.4 square miles (94 km2) of land and 6.07 square miles (15.7 km2) of Lewisville Lake.[2]
Originally called Holford's Prairie, the origins of Lewisville date back to the early 1840s.[5] The arrival of the town's first railroad in 1881 engendered its initial growth, and the expansion of the area's transportation infrastructure spurred further development in the early part of the 20th century.[6] The city incorporated in 1925. When construction of Lewisville Lake was completed in the 1950s, the city began to expand rapidly.
Lewisville's consistently warm climate and proximity to Lewisville Lake has made it a recreational hub of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. The city's municipal government, led by a nonpartisan city council, focuses its recreational and cultural investments on facilities such as Toyota of Lewisville Park and the MCL Grand Theater. The city's transportation infrastructure has evolved around the I-35 Corridor along Interstate 35E. The diversity of its population and industry has created a stable economic climate.
History
Settlement
In 1841, the Republic of Texas chartered the Peters Colony Land Grant Company (named for William Smalling Peters, publisher of the song "Oh! Susanna")[5] to settle the North Texas area.[6] In 1844, John W. King and his wife settled on the east side of the prairie, where the city now lies. Baptist settlers from Platte County, Missouri, settled on the west side; among them were John and James Holford, who named the area Holford's Prairie.[7][8] Further south, Presbyterians established a church and called it Flower Mound.[9] In the confusion over land ownership after the Hedgcoxe War, Basdeal Lewis purchased Holford's Prairie in 1853 and renamed it after himself.[10]
In 1845, the Fox family, which owned about a dozen slaves, buried a slave child called Melinda on the family farm, which eventually became the town's cemetery for black residents. Named Fox–Hembry Cemetery, the plot still exists today.[11] In 2011, after it had fallen into disrepair, local residents and businesses gathered to restore it.[12] Though Abraham Lincoln was not on the ballot in the area for the 1860 Presidential election, residents of Lewisville (listed as "Hollforts" on election results) still gave John C. Breckinridge only a 44–31 majority over a fusion option.[13]
During Reconstruction, Lewisville became home to Denton County's first cotton gin, built in 1867.[14] It could produce up to three bales per day.[15] The Thirteenth Texas Legislature chartered the Dallas and Wichita Railroad (later the Missouri–Kansas–Texas) on terms requiring 20 miles of track to be in running order by July 1, 1875. Lewisville paid the company $15,000 to come to the city, with a promise of another $5,000 on completion.[16] The company fulfilled the deal by completing the railroad tracks to a point just south of Lewisville on the morning of the deadline.[17] The line began running full time in 1881.[6] Republicans in the Fourteenth Texas Legislature passed a law on April 30, 1874, prohibiting alcohol within two miles of the town.[18] Many residents ignored the law, however, and the city retained as many as 17 saloons at one point.[19] The population of the unincorporated town was 500 in 1888.[20]
Progress
![Photograph of a old theater sign on a rustic building.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Lewisville_Theater_Old_Town.jpg/220px-Lewisville_Theater_Old_Town.jpg)
From 1920 to 1930, Lewisville's population increased from 815 to 853, making it the fourth most populous town in Denton County (behind Denton, Sanger, and Pilot Point).[22] On January 15, 1925, residents voted by a margin of 17 votes to incorporate the area as a city, establishing its official boundaries.[1]
Because the city's economy had become diversified before the Wall Street Crash of 1929, Lewisville was fairly well insulated from the Great Depression. Many residents, including business leaders, nevertheless supported the New Deal programs of Franklin D. Roosevelt.[23][24] By 1936, the Works Progress Administration operated a cannery in the city to provide temporary jobs for unemployed residents.[25] As an extension of the Good Roads Movement, which had been prominent in Denton County since the early 1910s,[26] residents formed the Good Roads Committee of Lewisville to lobby state and federal officials for funding to create better streets.[27][28] Lewisville celebrated the paving of the highway between Denton and Dallas in 1931 with a "Coming Out of the Mud" ceremony. The new pavement closed the "Lewisville Gap" between the two cities, a stretch of dirt roads that had often become too muddy for travel.[29]
The new road also led indirectly to the downfall of the area's public transportation system. Between 1925 and 1932, the Texas Interurban Railway, an electric commuter rail service, ran from Dallas to Denton and operated a station in Lewisville. Business leaders in the Lewisville Chamber of Commerce welcomed the service at the time, proudly citing the city's progressive citizenship.[30] The area's low population density could not sustain the venture, however.[31] In 1932, the line went out of business and immediately halted service.[32] On April 25, 1934, Raymond Hamilton of the Barrow Gang robbed the First National Bank of Lewisville. Residents chased him to Howe, Texas, where he was captured at a roadblock and transferred to Dallas County Jail.[33][34]
Growth
Lewisville's rapid growth began when construction of the Garza–Little Elm Dam finished in 1954. The dam expanded the Garza–Little Elm Reservoir into the what is now Lewisville Lake.[35] The city adopted a home rule charter for a council–manager style of municipal government in 1963, becoming one of only a few home rule cities in Texas with a population of less than 5,000.[36] In September 1969, 13 days after Woodstock, the city hosted the Texas International Pop Festival, which drew over 150,000 spectators and featured performances by Janis Joplin, B.B. King and Led Zeppelin.[37] In 2011, the Texas Historical Commission dedicated a historical event marker at the Denton County Transportation Authority A-train Hebron station to commemorate the event.[38]
When Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport opened to the south of the city in 1974 and Vista Ridge Mall opened at the intersection of Interstate 35E and Round Grove Road in 1987, Lewisville began to undergo rapid suburban growth.[39] The population increased from 24,273 in 1980 to 46,521 in 1990, making it the 40th most populous city in Texas.[40] In the early 1990s, the Lewisville Chamber of Commerce marketed the city with the slogan "City of Expanding Horizons".[41] The population reached 77,737 in 2000 and 95,290 in 2010.[2]
Geography
Lewisville is located at 33°2′18″N 97°0′22″W / 33.03833°N 97.00611°W (33.038316, −97.006232)[42] at an elevation of about 550 feet (170 m). It has a total area of 42.47 square miles (110.0 km2), of which 36.4 sq mi (94 km2) is land.[42] It lies at the southern end of Denton County and the northern end of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex, in the eastern part of the Cross Timbers area of Texas between the Texas Blackland Prairies and the Grand Prairie.[5] Vista Ridge, a small plateau, is in the southeast corner of Lewisville, and the lowest part of Denton County, at 484 feet (148 m), is found in the city.[43] Lewisville sits above the Barnett Shale, a geological formation containing a large quantity of natural shale gas.[44]
Water constitues 6.072 sq mi (15.73 km2) of the city's total area,[42] including Lewisville Lake, the Elm Fork of the Trinity River and two local tributaries of the Elm Fork, Prairie Creek and Timber Creek. A riparian zone encompasses a portion of the city in the southeast.[45] The intersection of the Elm Fork and Lake Lewisville has given rise to a delta at the southern end of the lake, extending 6.9 miles (11.1 km) south.[46]
Climate and weather
Lewisville's climate is classified as humid subtropical. Its Köppen climate classification is Cfa, which means that it has a temperate climate, does not have a dry season, and has a hot summer.[47] According to the United States Department of Agriculture, Lewisville is located in a hardiness zone of 8a.[48] The city is seldom affected by extreme weather, but Hurricane Carla in 1961 brought 86-mile-per-hour (138 km/h) winds and caused 6-foot (1.8 m) swells on Lewisville Lake.[49] The National Weather Service defines no official borders for Tornado Alley, but Lewisville is considered to be in it.[50]
Climate data for Lewisville, Texas | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 90 (32) |
96 (36) |
99 (37) |
102 (39) |
107 (42) |
108 (42) |
113 (45) |
113 (45) |
111 (44) |
103 (39) |
99 (37) |
89 (32) |
113 (45) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 53.3 (11.8) |
59.2 (15.1) |
67.2 (19.6) |
74.4 (23.6) |
81.7 (27.6) |
89.2 (31.8) |
94.1 (34.5) |
93.5 (34.2) |
86.1 (30.1) |
76.3 (24.6) |
64.1 (17.8) |
56.0 (13.3) |
74.6 (23.7) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 42.7 (5.9) |
48 (9) |
55.9 (13.3) |
63.4 (17.4) |
71.6 (22.0) |
79.1 (26.2) |
83.6 (28.7) |
82.7 (28.2) |
75.6 (24.2) |
65.3 (18.5) |
53.6 (12.0) |
45.4 (7.4) |
63.9 (17.7) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 32.0 (0.0) |
36.8 (2.7) |
44.6 (7.0) |
52.4 (11.3) |
61.4 (16.3) |
69.0 (20.6) |
73.1 (22.8) |
71.9 (22.2) |
65.0 (18.3) |
54.3 (12.4) |
43.0 (6.1) |
34.8 (1.6) |
53.2 (11.8) |
Record low °F (°C) | −3 (−19) |
−2 (−19) |
5 (−15) |
23 (−5) |
35 (2) |
48 (9) |
51 (11) |
52 (11) |
36 (2) |
16 (−9) |
10 (−12) |
0 (−18) |
−3 (−19) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.94 (49) |
2.55 (65) |
2.82 (72) |
3.30 (84) |
5.41 (137) |
3.29 (84) |
2.53 (64) |
2.26 (57) |
3.35 (85) |
4.81 (122) |
2.87 (73) |
2.66 (68) |
37.79 (960) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | .2 (0.51) |
.5 (1.3) |
.1 (0.25) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
.3 (0.76) |
1.1 (2.8) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.7 | 6.1 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 8.4 | 6.4 | 4.4 | 4.7 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 6.8 | 6.5 | 76.7 |
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | .4 | .2 | .1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .1 | .2 | 1 |
Source: NOAA (1971–2000)[51] |
Surrounding municipalities
Parks and recreation
Lewisville Lake Park
![A sunset across a lake.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Lake_Lewisville.jpg/220px-Lake_Lewisville.jpg)
Lewisville Lake Park comprises 662 acres (2.68 km2), which the city leases from the United States Army Corps of Engineers. The park includes various amenities, including athletic fields and designated campgrounds. The Lewisville Fishing Barge, an indoor–outdoor fishing facility that opened in 1958, is located on the lake.[49][52] The park also hosts the Rick Neil Invitational, a cross country running meet organized each year by the Lewisville High School track and field team.[53]
Toyota of Lewisville Railroad Park
The $20 million Railroad Park was built in 2009 using the revenue from a quarter-cent increase in sales tax; it was the largest capital project in the city’s history at the time. It was renamed Toyota of Lewisville Railroad Park in 2010 in a deal worth $1.5 million. The park has a baseball/softball complex, a football complex, eight lighted soccer fields, two concession buildings, a perimeter walking/jogging trail, three man-made lakes, a dog park and a skatepark.[54] In 2010 and 2011, the skatepark hosted the Scion Regional Amateur Tour, part an annual series of six skateboarding competitions held across the country.[55]
Golf
Lewisville is a major hub of the Northern Golf Corridor of the Dallas-Fort Worth metroplex.[56] The city's courses and facilities include the Hank Haney Golf Ranch at Vista Ridge,[57] the Lakes at Castle Hills,[56] Timbercreek Golf Center,[58] the Arnold Palmer Golf Academy, and Lake Park Golf Course. Lewisville is home to professional golfer Chad Campbell, winner of the 2003 Tour Championship.[59]
Proposed park system
In 2011, the Lewisville Park Board proposed a new master plan for the city's parks and recreation facilities. It specifies a major overhaul of the city's trail system, including 51 miles (82 km) of off-street trails, 50 miles (80 km) of enhanced sidewalks, 50 miles (80 km) of bicycle routes, a 7.4-mile (11.9 km) paddling trail down the Elm Fork of the Trinity River, and 31 major and minor trailheads throughout the area, many of which would connect to other trail networks. The plan includes numerous crossings of Interstate 35E for pedestrian safety.[60] The city currently has a system of linear trails spanning approximately 14 miles (23 km).[61] In March 2012, the Park Board began reviewing the new plan, which addresses the next ten years of park development in the city.[62]
Arts and cultural life
MCL Grand Theater
![An outdoor foyer of a building that says "Grand Theater" across the front.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/MCL_Theater_Foyer.jpg/220px-MCL_Theater_Foyer.jpg)
The Medical Center of Lewisville Grand Theater, known informally as the MCL Grand, is located on the east side of Interstate 35E in Lewisville's Old Town. It functions as a hub for the arts in Lewisville, able to show films, host meetings, and provide the venue for various kinds of artistic performance. The project began in 2004 and aimed to fulfil a long-term goal of building an arts center to coincide with the 2011 opening of the new Old Town Station.[64] The facility opened in January 2011 with a series of performances, children’s shows, concerts, and exhibits,[63] and the Greater Lewisville Arts Alliance presented the theater with a $25,000 contribution to begin their fundraiser to place a Steinway piano in the theater.[65] In 2011, The Flower Mound Connection newspaper named the MCL Grand the best events venue in Denton County.[66]
Libraries
![The entrance of a building with a glass front.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Lewisville_Public_Library.jpg/220px-Lewisville_Public_Library.jpg)
The city government created the Lewisville Public Library in 1968, naming Cindy Bennett as its first director. A 5,000 sq ft (460 m2) structure was built where the city hall now stands. A new library facility was built in 1986 as part of the municipal building on Main Street. In 2001, Lewisville voters approved a 4B tax package, part of which was dedicated to building another new library facility,[67] the children's wing of which was dedicated to Bennett.[68] The $11 million renovation opened in 2006,[69] and it received the Achievement of Excellence in Libraries Award in that year and again in 2009.[70] Lewisville is also the official home of the George W. Bush Presidential library.[71]
Media
Lewisville is served mainly by media from the Dallas area, but a number of niche publications focus on local news. The Lewisville Enterprise merged with The Lewisville Leader in 1962. The paper's publisher and editor at the time, U.O. Clements, was a staunch conservative, but vociferously supported the racial integration of Lewisville Independent School District, for which he received many anonymous threats from members of the Ku Klux Klan.[72] Clements sold the paper to Harte-Hanks Community Newspapers in 1971.[73] Star Newspapers, which owned the Leader, was bought by 1013 Communications in 2012.[74] The newspaper is based in Plano, Texas. In 2011, the Lewisville City Council designated the Lewisville portion of Neighborsgo, a weekly section of The Dallas Morning News, as the city's official newspaper of record.[75]
Government
Since 1963, the City of Lewisville has operated as a home rule city with a council–manager style of municipal government. Residents elect six at-large members to serve on the City Council, including a mayor. Council elections in Texas are nonpartisan.[76] Members are elected to three-year terms and are not term-limited.[77] The mayor does not vote on issues that come before the council except in the case of a tie. There were three different female mayors between 1985 and 2000, but no woman has served on the City Council since 2001.[78] In the fiscal year 2011–2012, the city government had a total operating budget of $105,916,940.[79] In 2011, the Fitch Group upgraded the city's general obligation bond rating from "AA+" to "AAA".[80] Lewisville has the lowest rate of property tax in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex.[81]
National and state representation
Lewisville is located in the 26th Congressional district in Texas, which is represented in the United States House of Representatives by Michael C. Burgess. As of 2012, the city is represented in District 12 of the Texas Senate by Jane Nelson.[82] The city is split between two Texas House of Representatives districts, District 63, represented by Tan Parker, and District 65, formerly represented by Burt Solomons.[83]
Police and fire
![refer to caption](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Lewisville_Police_Department.jpg/220px-Lewisville_Police_Department.jpg)
The Lewisville Police Department had 27 sworn police officers in 1977, and the number had increased to 136 by 2007.[84] As of 2012, the department had 201 full-time employees, four of whom were administrators,[85] and 95 police vehicles.[86] The Lewisville Fire Department had 135 full-time employees, six of whom were administrators.[85] After the September 11 attacks, the fire department and its then chief, Rick Lasky, attracted national attention when they raised a large amount of donations for victims' families. As a reward, John Travolta, Joaquin Phoenix, and Robert Patrick visited the department in 2004 to promote the release of the film Ladder 49.[87] In May 2011, Lewisville residents approved a sales tax increase to create two public safety districts, the revenue from which will fund investments in the city's police and fire departments.[78]
Transportation
Highways
The primary freeway running through Lewisville is Interstate 35E, which runs north–south through the city. Before it was built, US Highway 77 (now Mill Street) was the main through route, connecting the city with Denton to the north and Dallas to the south.[29] The Texas Department of Transportation carried out a Major Investment Study in 1998 to examine the possibility of expanding the section of Interstate 35E between Interstate 635 and U.S. Route 380,[88] the primary focus being an 8-mile (13 km) stretch from Lewisville Lake to Texas State Highway 121.[89] As of March 2012, the project was scheduled to add one general-purpose lane in each direction, in addition to managed toll lanes.[90]
Lewisville also encompasses most of Farm to Market Road 3040, which runs east–west across the city towards Flower Mound and Carrollton.[91] Farm to Market Road 407 runs east–west across the northern part of the city, as does Farm to Market Road 1171, known in the city as Main Street.[92]
Rail
![Photograph of a commuter rail stop.](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Lewisville_Old_Town_DCTA.jpg/220px-Lewisville_Old_Town_DCTA.jpg)
Lewisville residents voted in a special election held on September 13, 2003, to become a full member of the Denton County Transportation Authority (DCTA).[93] The Old Town and Hebron stations opened in 2011 as commuter stops along the route of the DCTA's A-train. The route continues north to Denton and south to Trinity Mills Station in Carrollton, where it connects with the Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) Green Line to Dallas.[94]
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1930 | 853 | — | |
1940 | 873 | 2.3% | |
1950 | 1,516 | 73.7% | |
1960 | 3,956 | 160.9% | |
1970 | 9,264 | 134.2% | |
1980 | 24,273 | 162.0% | |
1990 | 46,521 | 91.7% | |
2000 | 77,737 | 67.1% | |
2010 | 95,290 | 22.6% | |
Sources: [95][96][97][2] |
The 2010 United States Census recorded a population of 95,290 in Lewisville, up from the 77,737 recorded for the 2000 Census, making it one of the 25 fastest-growing city populations in the United States.[4] The 2010 population was made up of 37,496 households and 23,417 families. Its racial makeup was 65.3% White, 11.2% African American, 0.7% Native American, 7.8% Asian, 11.3% from other races, and 3.2% from two or more races. 29.2% of the races were considered to be of Hispanic or Latino descent. There were children under the age of 18 in 35.5% of the households. The average household size was 2.53 persons and the average family size was 3.21 persons. The median age was 30.9 years.[2]
Economy
Between 2006 and 2010, the median income for a Lewisville household was $54,771, and per capita income was $24,703. About 8.7% of the population was below the poverty line (against 16.8% for Texas as a whole).[2] The city has a diverse economy. Its top employers include JPMorgan Chase, Lewisville Independent School District, and Vista Ridge Mall.[98] Automobile dealerships have flourished there, including Huffines Auto Dealerships and Village Auto Group, which was ranked as one of the top "Powerhouses of the New Economy" by Black Enterprise magazine in 2000.[99] Because of the city's proximity to Dallas and Fort Worth, a number of food distribution companies have branches in Lewisville, including Sysco and Meadowbrook Meat Company (MBM). Fleming Companies, one of the United States' largest food distribution companies, relocated to Lewisville in 2000, but in 2003 they filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy after the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission announced that they had been hiding massive losses.[100]
Notes
- ^ a b Hervey 2002, p. 26.
- ^ a b c d e f g QuickFacts 2011.
- ^ GNIS 1979.
- ^ a b Aasen 2010.
- ^ a b c Capace 1999, p. 437.
- ^ a b c Cole-Jett 2011, p. 9.
- ^ Cowling 1936, p. 16.
- ^ Bates 1918, p. 29.
- ^ Bates 1918, p. 31.
- ^ Cole-Jett 2011, p. 7.
- ^ Cole-Jett 2011, p. 48.
- ^ Southwell 2011a.
- ^ Bridges 1978, p. 94.
- ^ Bates 1918, p. 278.
- ^ Bridges 1978, p. 121.
- ^ Bridges 1978, p. 147.
- ^ Bates 1918, p. 172.
- ^ Gammel 1898, p. 595.
- ^ Bates 1918, p. 146.
- ^ Foster 1888, p. 55.
- ^ GLCT 2006.
- ^ Bridges 1978, p. 367.
- ^ Cole-Jett 2011, p. 25.
- ^ Degan 1991, pp. 21–23.
- ^ Bridges 1978, p. 371.
- ^ Almanac 1912, p. 279.
- ^ Cole-Jett 2011, pp. 27–32.
- ^ Bridges 1978, p. 287.
- ^ a b Odom 1996, p. 69.
- ^ Tunnell, Moore & Minor 1925, p. 15.
- ^ Moynihan 2007, p. 6.
- ^ Cochran 1992, p. 15.
- ^ Cole-Jett 2011, p. 52.
- ^ Riddell 1934.
- ^ Cole-Jett 2011, p. 99.
- ^ Almanac 1964, pp. 553–554.
- ^ Wilonsky 2011.
- ^ Lewis 2011.
- ^ Cole-Jett 2011, p. 125.
- ^ Miskura 1990, p. 95.
- ^ Lewisville COC 1991, p. 136.
- ^ a b c Gazateer 2011.
- ^ Cowling 1936, p. 62.
- ^ Hundley 2011a.
- ^ Sales 2007, p. 6.
- ^ Williams 1991.
- ^ Peel, Finlayson & McMahon 2007, p. 1636.
- ^ USDA 2012.
- ^ a b Cole-Jett 2011, p. 109.
- ^ NCDC 2012.
- ^ NOAA 2011.
- ^ McQuarrie 1988, p. 209.
- ^ Thomas 2010.
- ^ Smith 2010b.
- ^ Skateboarder 2011.
- ^ a b Holland 2001.
- ^ Dodson 2010, p. 8.
- ^ Mendez 2004.
- ^ Valiante & Stachura 2005.
- ^ Hughes, Wood & Witte 2011, pp. 73–92.
- ^ Hughes, Wood & Witte 2011, p. 64.
- ^ Lundy 2012.
- ^ a b Goodwin 2011a.
- ^ Goodwin 2011b.
- ^ Goodwin 2011d.
- ^ Rodriguez 2011.
- ^ Eaken 2008.
- ^ Eaken 2009.
- ^ Hixson 2006.
- ^ Smith 2010a.
- ^ Ginsberg & Lunder 2010, p. 3.
- ^ Pareti 2000, pp. 40–46.
- ^ Pareti 2000, p. 50.
- ^ Mann 2012.
- ^ Heinze 2011b.
- ^ Brown et al. 2011, p. 99.
- ^ Heinze 2011a.
- ^ a b Goodwin 2011e.
- ^ King 2011, p. 71.
- ^ Fitch 2011.
- ^ Sharp 2010, p. 95.
- ^ TXmap 2012a.
- ^ TXmap 2012b.
- ^ a b Burgess 2007, p. 1356.
- ^ a b King 2011, pp. 148–149.
- ^ King & Martin 2012, p. 200.
- ^ Fire 2009.
- ^ Askari 2009.
- ^ Reinecke 2012, p. 10.
- ^ Lewis 2012.
- ^ 3040 1995.
- ^ Mapbook 2010.
- ^ Phillips 2003.
- ^ Hundley 2011b.
- ^ Almanac 1968, p. 175.
- ^ Almanac 1972, p. 163.
- ^ Byrd 2011.
- ^ King & Martin 2012, p. 197.
- ^ Gite 2000, p. 149.
- ^ Markham 2006, p. 374.
References
- Academic articles
- Cochran, Mike (1992). "The Interurban in Denton" (PDF). The Denton Review. IV (1). Historical Society of Denton County: 11–16. Retrieved 2011-10-23.
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(help) - Moynihan, Colleen (2007). An Environmental Justice Assessment of the Light Rail Expansion in Denton (M.S. thesis). University of North Texas. OCLC 191515175. Retrieved 2011-10-26.
{{cite thesis}}
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ignored (help) - Pareti, Tim (2000). The First Century of the Lewisville Leader (M.S. thesis). Texas A&M University–Commerce. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
{{cite thesis}}
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ignored (help) - Peel, T. A.; Finlayson, B. L.; McMahon (2007). "Updated World Map of the Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification" (PDF) (11). Copernicus Publications: 1633–1644. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
{{cite journal}}
: Cite journal requires|journal=
(help); Invalid|ref=harv
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and|first=
specified (help) - Sales, Joshua (2007). Determining the Suitability of Functional Landscapes and Wildlife Corridors Utilizing Conservation GIS Methods in Denton County, Texas (M.S. thesis). University of North Texas. OCLC 191674292. Archived from the original on 2010-01-01. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
{{cite thesis}}
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ignored (help) - Williams, Harry (1991). "Character and Growth of Deltaic Deposits in Lewisville Lake, Texas". The Texas Journal of Science. 43 (4). Texas Academy of Science. ISSN 0040-4403. Retrieved 2012-06-22.
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ignored (help)
- Books
- Bates, Edward (1918). History and Reminiscences of Denton County. Denton, Texas: McNitzky Printing Company. LCCN 19004337. OCLC 2133818.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Bridges, Clarence (1978). History of Denton, Texas From Its Beginning to 1960. Waco, Texas: Texian Press. ASIN B0006CU42G. OCLC 004235340. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
{{cite book}}
: Invalid|ref=harv
(help) - Cole-Jett, Robin (2011). Lewisville. Images of America. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. ASIN 0738579939. ISBN 978-0-7385-7993-1. LCCN 2010940829. OCLC 692275589. Retrieved 2011-09-14.
{{cite book}}
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(help) - Cowling, Mary Jo (1936). Geography of Denton County. Dallas, Texas: Banks, Upshaw, and Company. ASIN B003F8JBE0. LCCN 36-15037. OCLC 2672035. Archived from the original on 2011-01-01. Retrieved 2011-09-23.
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(help) - Hervey, Hollace (2002). Historic Denton County: An Illustrated History. San Antonio, Texas: Historical Pub Network. ISBN 978-1-893619-07-4. LCCN 2002101353. OCLC 52948987. OL 3572319M. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
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(help) - Odom, E. Dale (1996). An Illustrated History of Denton County, Texas: From Peters Colony to Metroplex (First ed.). Denton, Texas. ISBN 0-9651324-0-4. OCLC 35182680.
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(help)CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Reinecke, Nika (2012). Lewisville (Booklet). Cypress Interactive. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
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- Book chapters
- Brown, Lyle; Langenegger, Joyce; García, Sonia; Lewis, Ted; Biles, Robert (2011). "Chapter 3: Local Governments". In Merrill, Carolyn (ed.). Practicing Texas Politics (2011–2012 ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-80284-6. Retrieved 2012-04-18.
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suggested) (help) - Dodson, James (2010) [2009]. "Prologue: The Last Amateur". A Son of the Game (First Paperback ed.). Workman Publishing. ISBN 978-1-56512-978-8. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
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: External link in
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suggested) (help) - Markham, Jerry (2006). "Telecoms and WorldCom". Financial History of Modern United States Corporate Scandals. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-1583-1. Retrieved 2011-09-23.
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: External link in
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suggested) (help) - Sharp, James (2010). "Chapter 14: Lewisville". The 2010–2011 Plano North Dallas Area Real Estate Guide. Wexford House Books. ISBN 978-0-9826433-2-7. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
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suggested) (help) - Tunnell, B.F.; Moore, Urban; Minor, Carl (1925). "Lewisville". In Meriwether (ed.). Making Neighbors of the People of Dallas and Denton Counties and the Towns of Denton, Garza, Lewisville, Carrollton, Farmers Branch and Dallas by the Opening of the Dallas-Denton Line of the Texas Interurban Railway. Dallas, Texas: Johnston Printing and Advertising Company. OCLC 11857400. Retrieved 2011-10-23.
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suggested) (help) - Valiante, Gio; Stachura, Mike (2005). Fearless Golf: Conquering the Mental Game (ebook). Random House Digital. ISBN 978-0-385-51192-6. Retrieved 2011-10-29.
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- Encyclopedias and almanacs
- "120 Years Population Growth of Texas Cities". Texas Almanac, 1972–1973. Dallas, Texas: The Dallas Morning News. 1972. p. 163. ISSN 0363-4248. OCLC 2418737. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
- Capace, Nancy (1999). "Lewisville". Encyclopedia of Texas. Vol. I (6th ed.). St. Clair Shores, Michigan: Somerset Publishers. pp. 437–438. ISBN 978-0-403-09729-6. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
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(help) - "City Population Growth". Texas Almanac, 1968–1969. Dallas, Texas: The Dallas Morning News. 1968. p. 175. ISSN 0363-4248. OCLC 2418737. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
- "Denton County". Texas Almanac and State Industrial Guide 1912. Dallas, Texas: The Dallas Morning News. 1912. pp. 278–279. OCLC 34761660. Retrieved 2011-09-23.
- Gammel, Hans, ed. (1898). "Chapter IV". The Laws of Texas, 1822–1897. Vol. VIII. Austin, Texas: The Gammel Book Company. OCLC 2504925. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
{{cite encyclopedia}}
: CS1 maint: ref duplicates default (link) - "Local Government in Texas". Texas Almanac, 1964–1965. Dallas, Texas: The Dallas Morning News. 1964. p. 553. ISSN 0363-423X. OCLC 2418715. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
- Magazine articles
- Gite, Lloyd (2000). "B.E. Auto Dealer 100". Black Enterprise. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
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(help); Invalid|ref=harv
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ignored (help) - Lewisville COC (1991). "Travel Planner" (advertisement). Texas Monthly. 19 (3). Emmis Communications: 136. ISSN 0148-7736. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
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ignored (help) - McQuarrie, Jack (1988). "Catfish in Dallas' Backyard". Field & Stream. ISSN 8755-8599. Retrieved 2012-04-21.
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- Maps
- DFW Metroplex – State Senate Districts, Court–Ordered Interim Senate Plan (PDF) (Map) (PLANS172 ed.). State of Texas. 2012-02-12. 5000. Retrieved 2012-04-17.
- State House Districts, Court–Ordered Interim House Plan (PDF) (Map) (PLANH309 ed.). State of Texas. 2012-03-01. 5000. Retrieved 2012-04-17.
- Transportation Planning and Programming Division (2012). Texas County Mapbook (PDF) (Map) (2012 ed.). 1:120,000. Texas Department of Transportation. p. 481. OCLC 867856197. Retrieved 2012-04-17.[dead link]
- USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map (Interactive Map). Cartography by Oregon State University. United States Department of Agriculture. 2012. East Texas inset.
- Miscellaneous (speeches, interviews, videos)
- Burgess, Michael (2007-01-16). In recognition of chief of police Steve McFadden's outstanding dedication and service to the City of Lewisville (Speech). Extensions of Remarks. Washington, D.C. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
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(help) - Degan, James (1991). "Oral History Interview with James Franklin Degan" (Oral Interview). Interviewed by Strickland, Kristi. pp. 1–49.
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ignored (help) - John Travolta, Robert Patrick, Joaquin Phoenix (2009-03-01). Lewisville Frequently Gets Some Pretty Amazing Visitors (flv) (YouTube). Lewisville, Texas: City of Lewisville. Event occurs at :58. Retrieved 2011-11-03.
- Newspaper articles
- Aasen, Eric (2010-06-23). "Frisco, Other Dallas-Area Cities Among Fastest-Growing in U.S." The Dallas Morning News. Dallas, Texas: Belo. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - Eaken, Dan (2008-09-16). "Lewisville Public Library's 40th Noted With Big Fanfare". Lewisville Leader. Star Community Newspapers. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
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(help) - Eaken, Dan (2009-05-01). "Lewisville: Cynthia Bennett Children's Wing Dedicated". Lewisville Leader. Star Community Newspapers. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
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(help) - Goodwin, Heather (2011-01-11). "MCL Grand Ready for Opening Weekend". Lewisville Leader. Star Community Newspapers. Retrieved 2011-09-15.
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(help) - Goodwin, Heather (2011-01-18). "Hundreds Flock to Grand Opening". Lewisville Leader. Star Community Newspapers. Retrieved 2011-09-14.
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(help) - Goodwin, Heather (2011-03-11). "Trends Show Women Don't Run for City Council". Lewisville Leader. Star Community Newspapers. Retrieved 2012-06-22.
{{cite news}}
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(help) - Goodwin, Heather (2011-04-19). "'88 Keys' Campaign Makes Strides Toward its Goal". Lewisville Leader. Star Community Papers. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
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(help) - Goodwin, Heather (2011-11-11). "Voters Approve Sales Tax Increase". Lewisville Leader. Star Community Newspapers. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
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(help) - Hixson, Josh (2006-12-26). "Looking Back 2006: Low Lake Levels Hurt Businesses". Lewisville Leader. Star Community Newspapers. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
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(help) - Hundley, Wendy (2011-04-05). "Lewisville Tightens Rules on Gas Drilling Emissions". The Dallas Morning News. Dallas, Texas: Belo. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
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(help) - Hundley, Wendy (2011-06-16). "Taking the A-train: Commuter Rail Will Link Denton to Carrollton, Dallas". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved 2011-11-15.
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(help) - Lewis, Bj (2011-09-28). "Entering the Annals of History, Man". Denton Record-Chronicle. Denton, Texas. Retrieved 2011-10-11.
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(help) - Lewis, Bj (2012-03-26). "Panel Signs Off on I-35E Expansion". Denton Record-Chronicle. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
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(help) - Mann, Rick (2012-02-22). "Star Newspapers Purchased by 1013 Communications". Lewisville Leader. Retrieved 2012-05-14.
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(help) - Mendez, Carlos (2004-12-29). "Ex-Guard Pursuing a Different Course After Football". The Fort Worth Star Telegram. p. 6D. 11275041.
The former Cowboys guard is owner of Timbercreek Golf Center in Lewisville
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(help) - Rodriguez, Bobby (2011-12-12). "MCL Grand Theater Named Best Events Venue in Denton County". News Connection. Flower Mound, Texas: Shane Allen. Retrieved 2012-06-25.
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(help) - Smith, Heather (2010-05-05). "Library Recognized by Statewide Association". Lewisville Leader. Star Community Newspapers. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
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(help) - Smith, Heather (2010-08-17). "Lewisville Reaches Agreement on Naming Rights for Railroad Park". Lewisville Leader. Star Community Newspapers. Retrieved 2011-09-14.
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(help) - Thomas, Justin (2010-10-23). "Cross Country: Lewisville Hosts Rick Neill Invitational at Lake Park". Lewisville Leader. Retrieved 2012-07-06.
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(help) - Wilonsky, Robert (2011-09-13). "At Long Last, Texas International Pop Festival In Lewisville to Receive a State Historical Marker". Dallas Observer. Dallas, Texas. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
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- Press releases
- "Fitch Rates Lewisville, TX GOs 'AAA'; Upgrades Outstanding GOs and COs; Outlook Stable" (Press release). Businesswire. 2011-03-15. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
- "Regional Amateur Tour This Saturday" (Press release). Skateboarder Magazine. 2011-11-07. Retrieved 2012-07-04.
2011 Scion RAT Skateboard Tour Wraps Up November 12th at Lewisville's Railroad Park
- Reports
- Climatography of the United States No. 20: 1971–2000 (PDF) (Report). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2011-09-11.
- Feature Detail Report for: Lewisville (Report). Reston, Virginia: Geographic Names Information System. 1979-30-11. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
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(help) - Foster, L.L. (1888-12-31). First Annual Report of the Agricultural Bureau of the Department of Agriculture, Insurance, Statistics, and History 1887–88 (Report). Austin, Texas: Austin State Printing Office. Retrieved 2011-11-04.
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(help) - Ginsberg, Wendy; Lunder, Erika (2010-12-01). Presidential Libraries Act and the Establishment of Presidential Libraries (Congressional Research Service Report). DIANE Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4379-4380-1. Retrieved 2011-09-24.
{{cite report}}
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(help) - Heinze, Julie (2011-10-03). Lewisville City Council, Regular Session, September 19, 2011 (PDF) (Minutes). Retrieved 2011-11-19.
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(help) - Highway Designation File – Urban Road No. 3040 (Highway Designation File). Texas Department of Public Safety. Retrieved 2012-04-16.
- Hughes, Lenny; Wood, Adam; Witte, Mark (2011). The 2011 Lewisville Trails Master Plan (Report). Richardson, Texas: Halff.
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(help) - King, Claude (2011-10-01). City of Lewisville Operating Budget 2011–2012 (PDF) (Operating Budget). Retrieved 2012-05-14.
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(help) - King, Claude; Martin, Brenda (2012). Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the fiscal year ended September 30, 2011 (PDF) (CAFR). Retrieved 2012-04-27.
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(help) - Lundy, LaDonna (2012-03-14). Agenda: Regular Park Board Meeting (PDF) (Minutes). Retrieved 2012-04-21.
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(help) - Miskura (1990). Census of Population and Housing (1990): Texas Population and Housing Counts (Census report). DIANE Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4289-8802-6. Retrieved 2011-10-26.
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(help) - Phillips, Frank (2003-09-13). Unofficial Combined Totals – September 13, 2003 Denton County (Election results). Denton, Texas: Denton County Elections. Retrieved 2012-06-22.
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(help) - Riddell, Harry (1934-04-25). Raymond Hamilton Arrest Report (digital image) (Arrest). Dallas, Texas: Dallas Police Department. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
Robbery by fire arms (Lewisville, Lancaster, and Grand Prarie[sic] Texas banks-transferred to Dallas County Jails
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- Websites
- Askari, Nasser (2009). "History". Dallas, Texas: Texas Department of Transportation. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - Byrd, Richard (2011). "Lewisville, TX (Denton County)". Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 2011-10-25.
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(help) - "Gazateer". U.S. Census Bureau. 2011-05-16. Retrieved 2011-09-16.
- Heinze, Julie (2011a). "Form of Government". City of Lewisville. Archived from the original on 2010-12-13. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
{{cite web}}
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(help) - Holland, David (2001). "The Golf Club at Castle Hills: A Hub of the Metroplex's Northern Golf Corridor". Dallas, Texas: GolfTexas. Archived from the original on 2008-10-06. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
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(help) - "Our Historic Old Town Building". Greater Lewisville Community Theater. 2006. Archived from the original on 2010-04-01. Retrieved 2011-11-19.
- Southwell, Stephen (2011-01-23). "Fox Hembry Cleanup Recap". Lewisville, Texas: Whosplayin. Archived from the original on 2011-04-19. Retrieved 2011-09-23.
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(help) - "U.S. Census QuickFacts about Lewisville, Texas". U.S. Census Bureau. 2011-10-16. Retrieved 2011-09-17.
- "U.S. Tornado Climatology". Asheville, North Carolina: National Climatic Data Center. 2012-03-07. Tornado Alley. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
Further reading
- Bolz, Jim; Bolz, Tricia (2010). Denton County. Postcard History. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-8452-2. OCLC 620741494. Retrieved 2011-10-26.
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(help) - Kerbow, Gary (1994). Friday Night Farmers: The History of the Lewisville Fighting Farmers. Lewisville, Texas: Farm Press. ASIN 0964446200. ISBN 0-9644462-0-0. Retrieved 2011-11-01.
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(help) - Taylor, David (2006). "Paddling the Urban Sprawl of North Texas". In Taylor, David (ed.). Pride of Place: A Contemporary Anthology of Texas Nature Writing. Denton, Texas: University of North Texas Press. pp. 173–188. ISBN 978-1-57441-208-6. OCLC 62085349. Retrieved 2011-10-27.
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External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)