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Timeline of Brooklyn

Coordinates: 40°41′34″N 73°59′25″W / 40.692778°N 73.990278°W / 40.692778; -73.990278
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This is an old revision of this page, as edited by 190.155.56.216 (talk) at 04:41, 14 April 2014 (→‎2010s: Brooklyn Academy of Music). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

This is a timeline of the history of Brooklyn, New York.

17th century

18th century

Wykoff-Bennet House, built c. 1744
Erasmus Hall High School on Flatbush Avenue photographed in 2008.

19th century

1800s–1810s

The screw sloop-of-war USS Enterprise docked at the shipyard, ca. 1890.
Quarters A, Brooklyn Navy Yard

1820s

  • 1820 – USS Ohio is launched from the Brooklyn Navy Yard. Missions include suppressing the Slave trade off the coast of Africa.
  • 1821 – United States Navy rear admiral George H. Cooper[19]
  • 1823 – Apprentices' Library Association formed.[20]
  • After the British evacuation, Fort Brooklyn was leveled between 1823 and 1825 for development.
  • 1827 – James Street Market built.[21]
  • 1828 New Utrecht Reformed Church established & is the fourth oldest church in Brooklyn. In 1828, The present church was built in 1828 of stones taken from the original church built in 1700.
  • 1829 – Coney Island House opens.[22]

1830s

John Rankin House at 440 Clinton Street Brooklyn and constructed in 1840
  • 1830
  • 1833
  • 1834
    • Brooklyn incorporated as a city.[26]
    • First Reformed Church built.[27]
    • George Hall is elected as the 1st Mayor of Brooklyn and served just one year, 1834.
  • 1835
    • Jonathan Trotter is elected the Mayor of Brooklyn and served from 1835 to 1836.
  • 1837
    • The 9-gun side-wheel steamer USS Fulton (1837) (Fulton II) is launched from the Brooklyn Navy Yard and is the first U.S. steam warship assigned to sea duty.
    • Jeremiah Johnson is elected the Mayor of Brooklyn and served from 1837 to 1838.
  • 1838 – Green-Wood Cemetery established.

[28]

  • 1839 – Cyrus P. Smith is elected the Mayor of Brooklyn and served from 1839 to 1841.

1840s

Brooklyn Borough Hall

1850s

Philharmonic Society of Brooklyn

1860s

Brooklyn Museum – Brooklyn Sanitary Fair – overall
Soldiers' and Sailors' Arch at Grand Army Plaza, Brooklyn.

1870s

1880s

Brooklyn Bridge
Brooklyn in 1897.

1890s

Claude Monet, The Church at Vernon, (1894) Brooklyn Museum.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Les Vignes à Cagnes, (1908) Brooklyn Museum
Brooklyn Museum photographed in June at Sunset.
John Singer Sargent, Paul César Helleu Sketching with His Wife, 1889 at the Brooklyn Museum.

20th century

1900s

Logo of the Brooklyn Dodgers/Superbas from 1910 through 1913
The former John S. Eakins House (1905) at 1306 Albemarle Road is just one of the numerous large houses in the historic district, many of them designed by John J. Petit. in Prospect Park South, Brooklyn
Coney Island Cyclone

[87]

  • Senator Street Historic District – consists of 40 contributing residential buildings (including two garages) built between 1906 and 1912.[88]
  • 1907– Opera singer Eugenia Farrar sings the first song broadcast over wireless radio. "I love you truly" broadcasts to test Dr. Lee DeForest's arc radiotelephones on the USS Dolphin, docked at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.
  • 1908 – The Brooklyn Academy of Music moved to its present location. [18]
  • 1909 – Construction is complete on the Manhattan Bridge, a gateway into Brooklyn from Canal Street in Manhattan.
    • Shaari Zedek Synagogue was built in 1909–1910 and is a two-story rectangular brick building with cast stone trim.[89] ans is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

1910s

1920s

1930s

1940s

Lou Reed performing at the Hop Farm Music Festival (2011)

[2][131]

1950s

D'Onofrio in 2011. He was required to increase his weight by 70 lb (32 kg) to 280 lb (130 kg) for the role of Private Leonard "Gomer Pyle" Lawrence.

1960s

Brooklyn Heights Historic District

1970s

  • 1970 – John Rankin House (Brooklyn, New York) – one of the finest Greek Revival houses in the city was designated a New York City landmark.[29]
  • 1971 – The French Connection is filmed in Brooklyn and is an American dramatic thriller film directed by William Friedkin, produced by Philip D'Antoni with music by Don Ellis. It starred Gene Hackman, Fernando Rey and Roy Scheider.
  • 1972 – The Alliance of Resident Theatres/New York (A.R.T./New York) is the service and advocacy organization for the nation's largest, most artistically influential and culturally diverse theatre community: Off Broadway. Founded in 1972, A.R.T./New York serves nearly 400 not-for-profit theatres throughout New York City. Its South Oxford Space in the Cultural District houses twenty-one performing arts organizations.
    • Flatbush Town Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
    • The founding of Bang on a Can was founded by composers David Lang, Julia Wolfe and Michael Gordon. In the beginning, Bang on a Can started out as a one-day, twelve-hour music festival to a multi-faceted organization that includes a touring and recording ensemble (the Bang on a Can All-Stars); a commissioning program; a professional development/music institute for composers, conductors, and performers to record projects; and other programs that bring cutting-edge music to a wide audience.
  • 1973 – State Street Houses were designated New York City landmarks, consisting of 23 Greek Revival and Italianate rowhouses built between 1847 and 1874 and located at 291–299 (odd) and 290–324 (even) State Street between Smith and Hoyt Streets in the Boerum Hill neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York City.[3][30] The construction of the houses was part of the transformation of the formerly rural area into a fashionable new residential neighborhood.[30]
  • 1974 – Quarters A, Brooklyn Navy Yard was declared a National Historic Landmark.[2][178]
  • 1976 – Cobble Hill Historic District and consists of 796 contributing, largely residential buildings built between the 1830s and 1920s. It includes fine examples of Greek Revival, Italianate, and Queen Anne style row houses and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
    • Wyckoff-Bennett Homestead was declared a National Historic Landmark.[1][2] Historians estimate that the Wyckoff-Bennett Homestead was constructed before 1766. During the American Revolution, it housed Hessian soldiers, two of whom, Captain Toepfer of the Ditfourth regiment and Lieut. M. Bach of the Hessen-Hanau Artillerie, scratched their names and units into windowpanes.
  • 1977 – Saturday Night Fever is filmed in Brooklyn
  • 1978 – John Rankin House (Brooklyn, New York) – one of the finest Greek Revival houses in the city was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.[18]

1980s

File:Once Upon A Time In America1.jpg
Once Upon a Time in America, movie poster
  • 1980 – Park Slope Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[18] and consists of 1,802 contributing buildings built between 1862 and about 1920. The 33 block district is almost exclusively residential and located adjacent to Prospect Park.
  • 1981 – BOMB Magazine is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit corporation that publishes interviews and essays in which emerging and established artists can speak openly about their work. BOMB interviews are primary documents of American cultural history, with an archive of over 800 conversations between artists, writers, architects, directors, and musicians. The magazine aims to reveal, intimately and intellectually, the artist's creative process through in-depth conversation between peers.
  • 1982 – Sophie's Choice is filmed in Brooklyn
  • 1983 – Astral Apartments (1885–1886) are designated a City Landmark.
  • 1984 – Once Upon a Time in America is a 1984 Italian epic crime drama film co-written and directed by Sergio Leone and starring Robert De Niro and James Woods. It chronicles the lives of Jewish ghetto youths who rise to prominence in New York City's world of organized crime. The film explores themes of childhood friendships, love, lust, greed, betrayal, loss, broken relationships, and the rise of mobsters in American society. Once Upon a Time in America was filmed in Brooklyn.
    • Weir Greenhouse, is a historic greenhouse located in Sunset Park, Brooklyn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was originally built in 1880 and significantly rebuilt and enlarged in 1895. It is a rectangular, wood frame and galvanized iron building with projecting bays and domes in the Victorian commercial style. The main entrance is set at an angle to the street corner and is octagonal in form. The rooftop features an octaginal cupola with a ball finial. Attached to the greenhouse is a one story brick office structure.[3]
  • 1985 – Clinton Hill Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places and is made up of 1,063 contributing, largely residential buildings.
  • 1986 – No Sleep till Brooklyn is a song by Beastie Boys as well as the sixth single on their debut studio album Licensed to Ill is recorded and released the following year.[188]
  • 1987 – The movie Radio Days is filmed in Brooklyn and is directed by Woody Allen and is a movie that takes a look back on an American family's life during the Golden Age of Radio using both music and memories to tell the story.
  • 1988 – 651 ARTS was founded and is committed to developing, producing, and presenting performing arts and cultural programming grounded in the African Diaspora, with a primary focus on contemporary performing arts. 651 ARTS serves the cultural life of New York City, with a particular focus on Brooklyn, one of America's most culturally diverse communities.

1990s

21st century

2000s

Brooklyn Navy Yard, Building 92 museum
Logo of the Brooklyn Cyclones
  • 2000 – DUMBO Industrial District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[18] The district includes the earliest large-scale reinforced concrete factory buildings in America.[190]
  • 2001 – Brooklyn Cyclones – The team's new park, which was then called KeySpan Park, was completed in time for the 2001 season. Brooklyn had been without professional baseball since the Brooklyn Dodgers left Ebbets Field for Los Angeles in 1958. After approximately three weeks of play, additional seats had to be added to the stadium to accommodate fans.[191]
  • 2002 – A Memorandum of Understanding was signed by Governor George Pataki and Mayor Michael Bloomberg in 2002 that created Brooklyn Bridge Park.[192]
  • 2003 – Williamsburg Houses were designated a New York City Landmark.
  • 2004 – The first phase of the District's development involved the renovation of the 80 Arts – James E. Davis Arts Building, which was completed in Summer 2004, becoming the Cultural District's first completed project. The 30,000-square-foot building is home to twelve diverse nonprofit arts groups benefiting from below-market rents and shared amenities.
    • Steiner Studios Opens at the site of the Brooklyn Navy Yard. The 310,000-square-foot facility is the largest and most sophisticated studio complex outside of Hollywood, offering five soundstages and state-of-the-art film and television production facilities. [19]
  • 2006 – Brooklyn Book Festival and the show with zefrank begin.[193] "A Literary Voice With a Pronounced Brooklyn Accent"[194][195][196][197][198]
  • 2007 – East River State Park opens on May 26[199]
    • Construction starts at Northside Piers, a 29-story – 180-unit building of luxury condominium tower in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.
    • Opening of a 400-foot-long recreation pier with the city's finest waterfront sculpture, a dramatic, stainless-steel, curving canopy designed by Brooklyn artist, Mark Gibian and located in in Williamsburg, Brooklyn.
    • Steiner Studios was the location of the 17th annual Gotham Awards held on November 27, 2007.[200]
    • We Own the Night is filmed in Brooklyn, American crime drama film written and directed by James Gray and starring Joaquin Phoenix, Mark Wahlberg, Eva Mendes and Robert Duvall. It is the third film directed by Gray, and the second to feature Phoenix and Wahlberg together, the first being The Yards.
    • Brooklyn Ink in publication.[201]
  • 2008 – One Brooklyn Bridge Park, a building that converted 1,000,000+ square foot warehouse building located along Furman Street just south of Joralemon Street with over 400 residential units with 80,000 square feet of ground floor retail, and over 500 parking spaces.
    • April 2008, Jonathan Butler, founder of Brownstoner.com, Brooklyn's biggest blog, and Eric Demby, former communications director for Brooklyn Borough President Marty Markowitz, have operated the Brooklyn Flea, a weekly outdoor market in Fort Greene and other "pop-up" locations that features 150 local and regional vendors of antiques, vintage clothing, handmade items, jewelry, food, bicycles, records, and more. Now in its fifth year, the Flea has grown into a New York City institution, garnering local, national, and international press for its diversity of vendors, for the quality of food and merchandise, for the inclusive community aspects of the market's atmosphere, and for the economic stimulus the market provides to both vendors/entrepreneurs and local businesses.
  • 2009 – The Brooklyn Flea [202] was proud to receive a Certificate of Merit from the Municipal Art Society for making an "exceptional contribution to the life of New York City,"

2010s

  • 2010 – Population: 2,504,700.
  • 2011
    • October: it was announced that Douglaston Development, which built the Edge, the adjoining property just to the north of Northside Piers, would built a 40-story rental tower on a site within the Northside Pier complex with construction scheduled to bring in March 2012.
    • The Brooklyn Flea opened The Williamsburg location.
    • Brooklyn Academy of Music celebrates ¡Sí Cuba!, a citywide festival of Cuban culture, with the BAM presentations of Creole Choir and Ballet Nacional de Cuba.
  • 2012 – The $637 million Barclays Center opens and is the arena where the Brooklyn Nets play.[205][206][207] Barclays Center Capacity is 19,000 for shows & events approximately 17,732 for Brooklyn Nets NBA basketball games.[208][209][210][211]
    • The Brooklyn Flea opened The DUMBO location at the historic Tobacco Warehouse.
    • In March 2012, Mayor Michael Bloomberg unveiled five new sound stages (a total of 30,500 square feet (2,830 m2)) at Steiner Studios.[212] The new sound stages all feature two or three wall cycloramas.[213]
    • On February 2, 2012, the Weir Greenhouse was purchased by the neighboring Green-Wood Cemetery, which plans to preserve the greenhouse and restore elements which have decayed in recent years.[214]
    • In December 2012, Mayor Bloomberg announced three major milestones to further strengthen the cultural community in Downtown Brooklyn. The City approved the plan for Two Trees Management to create 50,000 square feet of new creative, cultural, and community space at the "South Site" located at Flatbush Avenue and Lafayette Street.
    • The Brooklyn Nets, a professional basketball team based in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, are a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference in the National Basketball Association (NBA). An original member of the American Basketball Association (ABA), the Nets were founded in 1967 and initially played in Teaneck, New Jersey as the New Jersey Americans.[215] After 35 seasons in New Jersey, the team returned to the state of New York in 2012 to play in the new Barclays Center in Brooklyn as the Brooklyn Nets.[216]
  • 2013
    • In June 2013, it was announced that the operators of Luna Park at Coney Island, Zamperla, would construct a new steel roller coaster which would utilise the Thunderbolt name.[217] Luna Park will complete construction on the Thunderbolt in 2014.[217]
    • Wold Famous Saxophone player Fred Ho Performs his final performance at the Brooklyn Academy of Music (BAM) on October 11-12, 2013. [218] [219] In 2009, he received the Harvard Arts Medal.[220][221]
    • Coney Island’s historic B&B Carousell is open to the public after a mammoth five year restoration of the 50 horses, all have a new coats of paint, new tails and refurbished joints.[222][223] For the restoration, Theresa Rollison, a painter with Carousels and Carvings, custom-mixed more than 80 colors to replicate the original hues. She then applied salmon pink, lemon yellow, metallic silver and maroon, using natural brushes made from badger, squirrel and hog bristle. “I wouldn’t have chosen to put some of the colors together, but overall it works,” she said.[224] The final part of the restoration was new horsehair tails for the 50 horses and with that the New York City Economic Development Corp paid $1,700,000 for the restoration.[225] For decades, Coney Island was something of a carousel headquarters. In the late 1800s, carousel makers set up shops there and by the turn of the century two dozen merry-go-rounds were operating on the island. There even evolved a Coney Island school of carousel design, distinct from the more staid Philadelphia and County Fair styles. The Coney Island style was characterized by a flamboyant, aggressive-looking horse — neck straining, nostrils flaring and tongue lolling. The B&B was built in Coney Island, with a frame dating to 1906, and at some point it operated in New Jersey, although it is unclear for how long. In the early 1920s it received a new set of horses that were carved by Charles Carmel, one of Coney Island’s celebrated carousel makers. It had returned to Brooklyn by 1935.[226][227][228][229]
  • 2014
    • In February 2014, The landmarks commission has proposed designating a 16-block area bounded by Gates Avenue, Fulton Street, Bedford Avenue and Tompkins Avenue as the Bedford Historic District.[230] The 800 largely intact residential buildings, representing Italianate, Queen Anne, Romanesque Revival and Renaissance Revival styles
    • In March 2014 construction started on the new Thunderbolt roller coaster at Coney Island.[231][232][233][234][235] The Thunderbolt will be located near Surf Avenue and West 15th Street in Coney Island, and will be constructed with 2,233 feet (681 m) of track that will stretch to a height of 115 feet (35 m) and will be built next to the B&B Carousell, an antique merry-go-round that underwent an extensive restoration and reopened in summer 2013. The Thunderbolt is expected to be open by Memorial Day 2014.[236]

See also

References

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  2. ^ a b c d e f g "Brooklyn Heights Historic District". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. September 14, 2007.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Bradley T. Frandsen, Joan R. Olshansky, and Elizabeth Spencer-Ralph (December 1979). "National Register of Historic Places Registration:Old Gravesend Cemetery". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved February 20, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) See also: "Accompanying two photos". Cite error: The named reference "nrhpinv_ny" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  4. ^ a b c d Peter Shaver (October 1997). "National Register of Historic Places Registration:New Utrecht Reformed Church Complex (Boundary Increase)". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved February 20, 2011. See also: "Accompanying three photos". Cite error: The named reference "nrhpinv_ny1" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  5. ^ Mark Peckham (November 2005). "National Register of Historic Places Registration:Joost Van Nuyse House". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved February 20, 2011. See also: "Accompanying five photos".
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  7. ^ McCullough, David. 1776. Simon & Schuster. May 24, 2005. ISBN 978-0743226714
  8. ^ [1] Fort Brooklyn is constructed in 1780
  9. ^ Taylor, B. Kimberly. "Erasmus Hall High School and Academy of the Arts" in Jackson, Kenneth R. (ed.) The Encyclopedia of New York City (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995) p.382
  10. ^ a b c d e White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7., p.638
  11. ^ Jedidiah Morse (1797). "Brooklyn". The American gazetteer. Boston: At the presses of S. Hall, and Thomas & AndrewsTemplate:Inconsistent citations {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  12. ^ Naval Hospital Brooklyn Navy Yard
  13. ^ Inside the Brooklyn Navy Yard Hospital: Gothamist
  14. ^ The Brooklyn Navy Yard Hospital Complex
  15. ^ Randall, David (2011). "The Tale of January 1871". The Brooklyn Historical Society Blog. Retrieved August 9, 2012.
  16. ^ "US Newspaper Directory". Chronicling America. Washington DC: Library of Congress. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
  17. ^ A.D. Griswold (June 1973). "National Register of Historic Places Registration:Casemate Fort, Whiting Quadrangle". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved February 20, 2011.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 13, 2009.
  19. ^ Find-A-Grave Memorial: Adm George H. Cooper (1821–1891)
  20. ^ a b c d e Davies Project. "American Libraries before 1876". Princeton University. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
  21. ^ a b Henry Reed Stiles (1884). "The civil, political, professional and ecclesiastical history, and commercial and industrial record of the county of Kings and the city of Brooklyn, N. Y., from 1683 to 1884". New York: MunsellTemplate:Inconsistent citations {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  22. ^ Mark S. Feinman (2001). "Early Rapid Transit in Brooklyn, 1878–1913". nycsubway.org. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
  23. ^ Lynn A. Beebe (April 1974). "National Register of Historic Places Registration:Fulton Ferry Historic District". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved March 12, 2011. See also: "Accompanying five photos".
  24. ^ "About Us". fuub.org. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
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  26. ^ J. T. Bailey (1840). "An historical sketch of the city of Brooklyn, and the surrounding neighborhood". Brooklyn: The Author. OCLC 3325513Template:Inconsistent citations {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
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  31. ^ Betty Ezequelle and Elizabeth K. Ralph (April 1976). "National Register of Historic Places Registration:John Rankin House". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved February 20, 2011. See also: "Accompanying four photos".
  32. ^ Larry Gobrecht (August 1983). "National Register of Historic Places Registration:Fort Greene Historic District". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved March 12, 2011. See also: "Accompanying 26 photos".
  33. ^ "Brooklyn Eagle". 1841. Retrieved April 2014 – via Brooklyn Newsstand. {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)
  34. ^ Larry E. Gobrecht (June 1983). "National Register of Historic Places Registration:Boerum Hill Historic District Nomination Report". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved March 6, 2011. See also: "Accompanying 21 photos".
  35. ^ Virginia Kurshan, Joan R. Olshansky, and Elizabeth Spencer-Ralph (August 1979). "National Register of Historic Places Registration:State Street Houses". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved March 19, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) See also: "Accompanying 11 photos".
  36. ^ New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Dolkart, Andrew S.; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.). Guide to New York City Landmarks (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1., p.240
  37. ^ Larry Gobrecht (August 1983). "National Register of Historic Places Registration:Greenpoint Historic District". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved March 12, 2011. See also: "Accompanying 40 photos". and "photo captions".
  38. ^ Alumni Catalogue of New York University, 1833–1905: College, Applied Science and Honorary Alumni. (New York: General Alumni Society of New York University, 1906), 8.
  39. ^ Fortieth Anniversary of the Inauguration of the Rev. S. M. Woodbridge, D.D., LL.D., as Professor in the Theological Seminary of the Reformed (Dutch) Church in America at New Brunswick, 1857–1897. (New Brunswick, New Jersey: New Brunswick Theological Seminary Alumni Association, 1897), 4.
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  43. ^ New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Dolkart, Andrew S.; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.). Guide to New York City Landmarks (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1., pp.245=46
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  49. ^ US Dept of Veterans Affairs. Cypress Hills National Cemetery is closed to new interments. The only interments that are being accepted are subsequent interments for veterans or eligible family members in an existing gravesite. Periodically however, burial space may become available due to a canceled reservation or when a disinterment has been completed. When either of these two scenarios occurs, the gravesite is made available to another eligible veteran on a first-come, first-served basis.
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  51. ^ "The Tilyou House, Coney Island". Brooklyn Museum. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
  52. ^ Larry E. Gobrecht (April 1983). "National Register of Historic Places Registration:Prospect Heights Historic District". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved March 19, 2011. See also: "Accompanying 19 photos".
  53. ^ E.P.A. Plan to Clean Up Gowanus Canal Meets Local Resistance; New York Times, May 6, 2013; [2]
  54. ^ Peter D. Shaver (September 1996). "National Register of Historic Places Registration:Stuyvesant Heights Historic District (Boundary Increase)". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved March 19, 2011. See also: "Accompanying seven photos".
  55. ^ Stephen Lash and Betty Ezequelle (August 1972). "National Register of Historic Places Registration:Stuyvesant Heights Historic District". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved March 19, 2011. See also: "Accompanying nine photos".
  56. ^ Chronicles, 1906, Page 21.
  57. ^ Snyder, C.B.J. Snyder. "Annual Report of the Superintendent of School Buildings, 1906", p.299
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  59. ^ Austin O'Brien (November 1982). "National Register of Historic Places Registration:Weir Greenhouse". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved March 2, 2011. See also: "Accompanying six photos".
  60. ^ a b "American and Western Photographic Societies". International Annual of Anthony's Photographic Bulletin. New York: E. & H. T. Anthony & Company. 1890Template:Inconsistent citations {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  61. ^ "Old First Reformed Church in Park Slope : : History". Oldfirstbrooklyn.org. January 11, 2011. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
  62. ^ White, Norval; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). AIA Guide to New York City (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19538-386-7., p.657
  63. ^ Peter D. Shaver (July 1997). "National Register of Historic Places Registration:Old First Reformed Church". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved February 20, 2011. See also: "Accompanying four photos".
  64. ^ Andrew S. Dolkart and Anne B. Covell (June 1981). "National Register of Historic Places Registration:St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal Church". New York State Office of Parks, Recreation and Historic Preservation. Retrieved February 20, 2011. See also: "Accompanying seven photos".
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Further reading

Published in the 19th century
Published in the 20th century
  • Ernest Ingersoll (1906). "Greater New York: Brooklyn". Rand, McNally & Co.'s handy guide to New York City, Brooklyn, Staten Island, and other districts included in the enlarged city (20th ed.). Chicago: Rand, McNally. OCLC 29277709Template:Inconsistent citations {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  • Edward Hungerford (1913). "Across the East River". The Personality of American Cities. New York: McBride, Nast & CompanyTemplate:Inconsistent citations {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)CS1 maint: postscript (link)
  • Federal Writers' Project (1940). "New York City: Brooklyn". New York: a Guide to the Empire State. American Guide Series. New York: Oxford University Press. {{cite book}}: External link in |chapterurl= (help); Unknown parameter |chapterurl= ignored (|chapter-url= suggested) (help)

40°41′34″N 73°59′25″W / 40.692778°N 73.990278°W / 40.692778; -73.990278