Global Greens
Abbreviation | GG |
---|---|
Formation | 12 April 2001 |
Type | International nongovernmental organization |
Legal status | Association |
Purpose | World network of green political parties and organizations |
Headquarters | Rue Wiertz 31, 1050 Brussels, Belgium[1] |
Region served | Worldwide |
Membership | 91 parties[2] |
Convenor | Keli Yen[3] |
Main organ | Global Greens Congress |
Website | www |
Part of a series on |
Green politics |
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The Global Greens (GG) is an international network of political parties and movements which work to implement the Global Greens Charter. It consists of various national Green political parties, partner networks, and other organizations associated with green politics.
Formed in 2001 at the First Global Greens Congress, the network has grown to include 80 full member parties and 18 observers and associate parties as of February 2019.[2] It is governed by a 12-member steering committee called the Global Greens Coordination, and each member party falls under the umbrella of one of four affiliated regional green federations. The day-to-day operations of the Global Greens are managed by the Secretariat, led by Global Greens Convenor Keli Yen since 2015.
History
The world's first green parties were founded in 1972. These were in the Australian state of Tasmania (the United Tasmania Group) and in New Zealand (the Values Party). Others followed quickly: in 1973, PEOPLE (later the Ecology Party) was set up in the UK, and in other European countries Green and radical parties sprang up in the following years.[4]
Petra Kelly, a German ecofeminist activist, is often cited as one of the first thinkers and leaders of the green politics movement. Her work in founding the German Green Party in West Germany in 1980 was instrumental in bringing prominence to green political parties on both the national and international stages.
The first Planetary Meeting of the Greens was held in Rio de Janeiro on May 30–31, 1992 in conjunction with the Rio Earth Summit being concurrently held in Brazil.[5] It was here that the first ever Global Greens statement was issued, beginning with this preface:
"Experience teaches us that governments are only moved to take environmental problems seriously when people vote for environmental political parties."[6]
The first Global Greens Congress was held in Canberra, Australia, in 2001. The official Global Greens Charter was issued here and the Congress delegates set up the framework and organizational structures that would build the Global Greens into an ongoing international network and movement, including the Global Greens Coordination. In 2010, the first Global Greens Secretary was appointed.[4]
Global Greens Charter
The Global Greens Charter is the guiding document that establishes the principles and "core values" to which member parties and associated organizations should attempt to adhere.[7] It sets out global principles that cross boundaries to bind Greens from around the world together:
- Participatory Democracy
- Nonviolence
- Social Justice
- Sustainability
- Respect for Diversity
- Ecological Wisdom
Priorities outlined in the Charter include reforming the dominant economic model, tackling climate change, ending the hunger crisis, promoting vibrant democracy, working for peace, protecting biodiversity.
The Global Greens Charter has been reviewed and updated twice during Global Greens Congresses since its original publishing in 2001: once in Dakar, Senegal in 2012, and again in Liverpool, U.K., in 2017. The updated 2017 version is offered in English, and past versions can be accessed in 11 various languages.[8]
Regional Federations of the Global Greens
The Global Greens are organized into four regional federations across the world:
- Asia Pacific Greens Federation
- European Green Party
- Federation of Green Parties of Africa
- Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas
Global Greens Coordination
The Global Greens has a 12-member steering committee called the Global Greens Coordination.[9] The makeup of this committee stems from three elected members from each of the four regional federations, supported by three alternates who can stand in when needed.
Global Greens Congress
The Global Greens have held four Congresses since 2001 in various locations around the world:
- 2001 - Canberra, Australia
- 2008 - São Paulo, Brazil
- 2012 - Dakar, Senegal
- 2017 - Liverpool, U.K.[10]
The Global Greens strives to achieve regional diversity and representation, encouraging Congress locations to represent the wide geographical spread of the organization's member parties and organizations. The next Global Greens Congress will be held in 2021. It will be hosted by the Green Party Korea in Seoul.
Networks
The Global Greens have five networks designed to enable global collaboration, communication and community among member parties and organizations:
- Friends of Global Greens
- This network is composed of Green parties, parliamentarians and activists who make recurring donations of any amount to the Global Greens.[11]
- Global Greens LGBT+ Network
- This network aims to:
- "Support LGBT+ groups within Green Parties around the world to work together and support each other;
- Support Green Parties looking to set-up LGBT+ groups, and;
- Promote LGBT+ equality as outlined in the Global Greens Charter."[12]
- This network aims to:
- Global Greens Parliamentarians Network
- This network is composed of Green Members of Parliament from Global Greens member parties and works to fulfill the following objectives:
- "To be active, in a coordinated manner, in our parliaments on issues of identified global concern, in order to influence the governments of our countries, and the public whom we represent, to the goals specifically identified by the Global Greens;
- To develop a mutually-reinforcing and mutually-supportive network of MPs, as individuals, to help us each to become most effective in our parliamentary action, and realise our potential as movers of positive global change, and;
- To achieve positive change for Green goals at the global and regional levels through the strengthening of international institutions, including more parliamentarian representation and decision-making influence in those bodies."[13]
- This network is composed of Green Members of Parliament from Global Greens member parties and works to fulfill the following objectives:
- Global Greens Women's Network
- This network supports the participation of Green women worldwide in democratic political processes, by focusing on:
- "Capacity building and empowerment: training and developing skills, such as public speaking and leadership;
- Governance and participation: confronting inequalities at the organizational level and exchanging best practices to tackle them and promote participation;
- Campaigning about major topics relevant to women: such as gender justice and climate change, and;
- Carrying out formal functions as part of global Greens governance: e.g. nominating women to the Asia-Pacific Greens Federation (APGF) Council."[14]
- This network supports the participation of Green women worldwide in democratic political processes, by focusing on:
- Global Young Greens
- This network is a "youth-led organization supporting and uniting the efforts of young people from a green-alternative spectrum around the world. It works towards (1) ecological sustainability, (2) social justice, (3) grassroots democracy and (4) peace."[15]
Member parties
Member parties in the Americas
Affiliated members in North, Central and South America form the Federation of the Green Parties of the Americas.
Country | Name | National/Federal Government | State/Municipal Government | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Argentina | Green Party | No | No | |
Bolivia | Partido Verde de Bolivia | unknown | unknown | |
Brazil | Partido Verde do Brasil | Independent | The party is represented in several state legislatures. | in coalition 2003–2008 |
Canada | Green Party of Canada/Parti vert du Canada | In opposition (2 members) |
Provincial: British Columbia (3 members), New Brunswick (3), Ontario (1), Prince Edward Island (8). Municipal: Vancouver City Council (3). | Confidence and supply agreement with NDP government in BC, and Official Opposition party in PEI |
Chile | Partido Ecologista | in opposition | Two seats on regional boards. | One seat in the Chamber of Deputies as part of the Broad Front coalition. |
Colombia | Alianza Verde | 9 Senators and 9 deputies sitting in oppostion | Enrique Peñalosa, a green, is mayor of Bogota. The party also has 3 regional governors and several mayors. | |
Mexico | Partido Ecologista Verde de México | in opposition | Represented in several regional parliaments | The party is criticized for its support of the death penalty, and alleged corruption.[16] |
Peru | Partido Ecologista Alternative Verde del Peru | unknown | unknown | |
United States | Green Party of the United States | No Extraparliamentary opposition | The party has representation on the Minneapolis, Laredo, Madison, and several smaller city councils. | The party was formerly represented in the AK, CA, MD, and ME, state legislatures. |
Venezuela | Movimiento Ecológico de Venezuela | No Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown |
Member parties in Asia and Oceania
Affiliated members in Asia, Pacific and Oceania form the Asia-Pacific Green Network.
Country | Name | National/Federal Government | State/Municipal Government | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Australia | Australian Greens | in opposition | in coalition in A.C.T., represented in most states and territories | in coalition in Tasmania 2010–14 |
Republic of China (Taiwan) | Green Party Taiwan | Extraparliamentary opposition | Represented in Taoyuan and Hsinchu County[17] | |
Republic of China (Taiwan) | Trees Party | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | |
Hong Kong | Green Party Hong Kong | unknown | unknown | |
India | Uttarakhand Parivartan Party | Extraparliamentary opposition in the Indian state of Uttarakhand | unknown | |
Japan | Greens Japan | Extraparliamentary opposition | Kazumi Inamura, a green, is mayor of Amagasaki | |
Mongolia | Mongolian Green Party | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | |
Mongolia | Civil Will-Green Party | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | in coalition 2012–16 |
Nepal | Green Civil Society | unknown | ||
Pakistan | Green Party of Pakistan | unknown | unknown | |
Papua New Guinea | Papua New Guinea Greens | Extraparliamentary Opposition | unknown | |
Philippines | Green Party of the Philippines (Partido Kalikasan) | unknown | unknown | |
South Korea | Green Party of Korea | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | |
New Zealand | Green Party of Aotearoa New Zealand | 8 MPs,[18] giving confidence and supply for the government | The party endorsed current mayors of Auckland Phil Goff and Wellington Justin Lester and is represented on Auckland and Wellington city councils. |
Member parties in Africa
Affiliated parties in Africa form the Federation of Green Parties of Africa.
Member parties in Europe
Affiliated members in Europe form the European Green Party.
Country | Name | National/Federal Government | State/Municipal Government | European Parliament | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Albania | Green Party of Albania | in opposition | in opposition 34 local councillors, 8 in urban municipalities and 26 in rural municipalities[19] | Not an EU member | |
Andorra | Partit Verds d'Andorra | in opposition | The party hasn't participated in recent local elections | Not an EU member | |
Austria | Die Grünen | Extraparliamentary opposition | in coalition in Upper Austria, Carinthia, Tyrol, Salzburg, Vorarlberg and Vienna | in opposition | |
Belgium | Ecolo | in opposition | in opposition in Wallonia and Brussels-Capital Region | in opposition | Form one Parliamentary group in the Federal Parliament |
Belgium | Groen | in opposition | in opposition in Flanders | in opposition | |
Bulgaria | Zelena Partija | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
Cyprus | Cyprus Green Party | in opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
Czech Republic | Strana zelených | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | In coalition 2006–2010 |
Estonia | Estonian Greens | in opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
Finland | Vihreät/De Gröna | in opposition | Represented in several municipalities. It has the second largest group of councillors in Helsinki | in opposition | in coalition 1995–2003, 2007–2014 |
France | Europe Écologie–Les Verts | in opposition | Senior coalition partner in Grenoble. Also in coalition in Occitanie, Nouvelle Aquitaine, Centre-Val de Loire and Paris, Lille, Nantes, Strasbourg, Rennes. | in opposition | in coalition 1997–2002, 2012–14, represented in parliament 1997-2017 |
Georgia | Sakartvelo's Mtsvaneta Partia/Green Party of Georgia | unknown | unknown | Not an EU member | |
Germany | Bündnis '90/Die Grünen | in opposition | Senior coalition partner in the Landtag of Baden-Württemberg, also junior coalition party in 10 of 16 states. Senior coalition partner in the cities of Stuttgart, Darmstadt, Freiburg im Breisgau and Heidelberg | in opposition | in coalition 1998–2005 |
Greece | Ecologoi Prasinoi/Ecologist Greens | Junior party in coalition cabinet | Represented in most Regional parliaments | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
Hungary | Lehet Más a Politika | 8 MPs sitting in opposition | 54 seats in local city councils | in opposition | |
Ireland United Kingdom (NI) |
Green Party/Comhaontas Glas | 2 TDs, sitting in opposition. | 2 MLA, 49 councillors in ROI local government, 8 in NI local government | Extraparliamentary opposition | In coalition in ROI 2007–2011 |
Italy | Federazione dei Verdi | 2 Senators elected as M5S, sitting in opposition | The party has one regional councilor in Campania participating in the coalition | Extraparliamentary opposition | in coalition 1996–2001 |
Italy | Verdi–Grüne–Vërc | One deputy, sitting in opposition | The party has 3 members in the Landtag of South Tyrol. | Extraparliamentary opposition | Part of the Federazione dei Verdi before 2013 |
Latvia | Latvijas Zaļā partija | 11 MPs in opposition (as UoGF) | Represented in several city councils, most notably in rural areas. | Extraparliamentary opposition | Part of the Union of Greens and Farmers since 2002; Prime minister (2004, 2016–2019), in coalition 2002–11 and 2014–2019 |
Luxembourg | Déi Gréng | Junior party in coalition cabinet | Roberto Traversini, a green, is mayor of Differdange | in opposition | |
Malta | Alternattiva Demokratika | Extraparliamentary opposition | One green councillor in Ħ'Attard[20] | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
Moldova | Partidul Ecologist "Alianța Verde" din Moldova | unknown | unknown | Not an EU member | |
Netherlands | De Groenen | Extraparliamentary opposition | 1/26 seats in Water board Amstel, Gooi en Vecht | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
Netherlands | GroenLinks | 14/150 seats in the House of Representatives, 4/75 seats in the Senate | Junior coalition partner in Noord-Holland and Zeeland. It is represented in most municipalities, and has the largest group of councillors in Nijmegen and Amsterdam. | in opposition | |
North Macedonia | Demokratska Obnova na Makedonija | 2 seats in the Assembly of North Macedonia | unknown | Not an EU member | |
Norway | Miljøpartiet De Grønne | One MP sitting in opposition | In coalition in Oslo and Trondheim, represented in other big cities | in opposition | |
Poland | Partia Zieloni | Extraparliamentary opposition | Represented in the regional parliaments of Silesia and West Pomerania, and the city councils of Warsaw and Opole | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
Portugal | Partido Ecologista Os Verdes | Supporting the Socialist minority government | in coalition in some municipalities (with Portuguese Communist Party) | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
Romania | Green Party of Romania | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
Russia | Zelenaya Alternativa (GROZA) | unknown | unknown | Not an EU member | |
Scotland | Scottish Green Party | With 6 MSPs, the party currently holds the balance of power in the Scottish Parliament. | The party has 7 councillors in Glasgow and 8 in Edinburgh. | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
Slovakia | Strana Zelených | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | Represented in parliament between 1990 and 2002 |
Slovenia | Stranka mladih Slovenije/Youth Party of Slovenia | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Extraparliamentary opposition | |
Spain | Equo | 3 deputies elected under the banner of Unidos Podemos | In coalition in Madrid, Zaragoza, Valencia, A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela | in opposition | |
Sweden | Miljöpartiet de Gröna | Junior party in coalition cabinet | Represented in several municipalities, especially in urban areas. | in opposition | |
Switzerland | Green Party of Switzerland | in opposition | Junior party in coalition cabinet in 7 cantons. Also in coalition in Bern, Geneva, Zurich, or Basel-City. | Not an EU member | |
Ukraine | Partija Zelenych Ukrajiny/Party of Greens of Ukraine | Extraparliamentary opposition | unknown | Not an EU member | |
United Kingdom (England and Wales) | Green Party of England and Wales | The party is represented in parliament by one MP and one life peer | The party is in coalition in Stroud, and has large groups of councillors in Solihull, Bristol and Brighton and Hove. It also has 2 London AMs | in opposition | The party dominated the Brighton and Hove City Council between 2011 and 2015. |
Observers and associate member parties
Country | Name | Government | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Australia | Federation for a Democratic China, Australia | Extraparliamentary Opposition | |
Azerbaijan | Azerbaijan Greens | Extraparliamentary Opposition | |
Belarus | Belarusian Party "The Greens" | Extraparliamentary Opposition | |
Bulgaria | Zelenite/The Greens | Extraparliamentary Opposition | |
Costa Rica | Cartago Green Party | Extraparliamentary Opposition | Represented at the local level |
Denmark | Socialistisk Folkeparti | in opposition | in coalition 2011–14 |
Dominican Republic | Partido Verde Dominicano | Extraparliamentary Opposition | |
French Guiana | Les Verts de Guyane | Extraparliamentary Opposition | |
Guatemala | Partido Los Verdes de Guatemala | unknown | |
Nepal | Hariyali Nepal Party | Extraparliamentary Opposition | |
Nicaragua | Verdes en Alianza | unknown | |
Philippines | Philippines Greens | unknown | |
Russia | Green Russia | Extraparliamentary Opposition | |
Serbia | Zeleni Srbije/Greens of Serbia | Junior party in coalition cabinet | |
Sri Lanka | Sri Lanka Green Alliance | Extraparliamentary Opposition |
See also
- Biodiversity
- Conservation movement
- Conservation ethic
- Direct democracy
- Environmental movement
- Ecology
- Ecosystem
- Earth science
- Global warming
- Grassroots democracy
- List of environmental organizations
- Natural environment
- Nature
- Participatory democracy
- Sustainability
References
- ^ "Global Greens Secretariat established in Brussels, Europe". globalgreens.org. 25 March 2013. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
- ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-10-20. Retrieved 2014-10-15.
{{cite web}}
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-10-31. Retrieved 2016-10-30.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
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suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ a b "WHO WE ARE". Global Greens. 2011-04-20. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
- ^ "Global Green Party History Chronology - 1992". Global Greens. 2008-08-02. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
- ^ "Final Statement of the First Planetary Meeting of Greens in Rio de Janeiro, 31 May 1992". Global Greens. 1992-05-31. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
- ^ "Global Greens Charter". globalgreens.org. 15 December 2007. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
- ^ "Global Greens Charter". Global Greens. 2007-12-15. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
- ^ "Global Greens Coordination". Global Greens. 2009-05-28. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
- ^ "Previous congresses". Global Greens. 2016-10-10. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
- ^ "Friends of the Global Greens (FRoGG)". Global Greens. 2014-02-06. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
- ^ "Global Greens LGBT+ Network". Global Greens LGBT+ Network. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
- ^ "Parliamentarians Association (GGPA)". Global Greens. 2016-01-29. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
- ^ "Women's Network (GGWN)". Global Greens. 2016-01-29. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
- ^ "Global Young Greens (GYG)". Global Greens. 2016-01-29. Retrieved 2019-02-12.
- ^ Tim Johnson, For Mexico's Ecologist Green Party, 'green' mostly means money, not environment, McClatchy Newspapers (June 18, 2012).
- ^ "18年來首次!綠黨攻下兩席市議員 – 政治 – 自由時報電子報". ltn.com.tw. Retrieved 15 October 2016.
- ^ "Green MPs". Green Part of Aotearoa New Zealand. 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2012.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-01-14. Retrieved 2012-11-04.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Electoral Commission of Malta". Electoral.gov.mt. Retrieved 2016-05-26.