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List of countries by incarceration rate

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A map of incarceration rates by country[1]

This is a list of countries by incarceration rate.[1]

Incarceration rates

This list is initially sorted alphabetically. Click table headers to sort. The row number column stays static, and does not sort.

The chart source does not list an incarceration rate for the UK as a whole. In the list see Scotland, Northern Ireland, and England and Wales. If there is a rate for the United Kingdom in the table below it has been calculated by adding up the population of the constituent parts of the UK, and by adding up the prison populations.

If South Korea is not found in the table below look for it listed as Republic of (South) Korea. For info on North Korea, see notes below.

World Prison Brief (WPB) may or may not incorporate juvenile incarceration numbers into the totals for each country. See the individual WPB country pages for more information.[1]

Click the incarceration rate header to sort by rate. (Requires JavaScript.) Can also sort other columns, such as prison population.
"Notes" column links to notes section below the chart.
"c." (circa) indicates "approximately". Sorting will not work correctly if it is in front of the number.
Italics is for a dependent territory, subnational area, etc..

Table

Template:Static column begin

Country (or dependent territory,
subnational area, etc.) 		Incarceration
Rate per
100,000
population 		Prison

Population

Percent of
prisoners
unsentenced 		Notes
 Afghanistan 88 30,000 31.3
 Albania 188 5,407 40.6
 Algeria 146 60,000 8.6
 American Samoa (USA) 345 193 14.9
 Andorra 69 52 55.3
 Angola 93 24,000 45.8
 Anguilla (United Kingdom) 367 55 45.5
 Antigua and Barbuda 321 305 37
 Argentina 186 81,975 47.7
 Armenia 119 3,536 37.1
 Aruba (Netherlands) 165 170 16.6
 Australia 172 42,942 31.3 Notes
 Austria 98 8,692 21.3
 Azerbaijan 235 23,320 20.6
 Bahamas 438 1,746 42
 Bahrain 234 3,485 25.7
 Bangladesh 53 88,424 78.2
 Barbados 300 874 48.9
 Belarus 364 34,600 18.2
 Belgium 88 10,073 35.6
 Belize 356 1,297 30.1
 Benin 68 7,890 75.8
 Bermuda (United Kingdom) 319 209 9.6
 Bhutan 145 1,119
 Bolivia 156 17,946 69.9
 Bosnia and Herzegovina: Federation 73 1,722 12.5
 Bosnia and Herzegovina: Republika Srpska 66 863 11.2
 Botswana 208 4,343 24.5
 Brazil 324 690,722 35.4
 Brunei Darussalam 134 565 7.1
 Bulgaria 125 9,028 21.1
 Burkina Faso 41 7,670 42
 Burundi 84 10,093 51.1
 Cambodia 176 28,414 70.6
 Cameroon 121 29,341 56
 Canada 114 41,145 38.6
 Cape Verde (Cabo Verde) 298 1,542 23.3
 Cayman Islands (United Kingdom) 393 253 29.6
 Central African Republic 16 764 70.2
 Chad 59 8,000 63.4
 Chile 233 42,683 33.3
 China 118 1,649,804 Notes
 Colombia 240 118,708 33.7
 Comoros 23 191 29
 Republic of Congo 27 1,240 60
 Cook Islands (New Zealand) 229 48 14.6
 Costa Rica 374 19,226 13.3
 Cote d'Ivoire 66 16,127 40.7
 Croatia 78 3,190 24.5
 Cuba 510 57,337
 Curaçao (Netherlands) 236 377 41
 Cyprus (Republic of) 83 710 33.7
 Czech Republic 205 21,806 7.6
 Democratic Republic of Congo 29 20,550 73
 Denmark 63 3,635 35.5
 Djibouti 66 600 20
 Dominica 289 211 23.7
 Dominican Republic 238 26,286 60.3
 Ecuador 222 37,497 34.9
 Egypt 116 106,000 c. 9.9
 El Salvador 604 38,714 29.5
 Equatorial Guinea 63 500
 Estonia 195 2,575 19.8
 Ethiopia 127 113,727 14.9
 Faeroe Islands (Denmark) 12 6 26.8
 Fiji 210 1,889 25.9
 Finland 51 2,842 19.2
 France 104 70,710 29.7
 French Guiana/Guyane (France) 249 726 25.9
 French Polynesia (France) 199 569 14.4
 Gabon 191 3,373 66.7
 Gambia 58 1,121 22.2
 Georgia 268 9,990 17.1
 Germany 75 62,194 22.6
 Ghana 51 15,063 13.8
 Gibraltar (United Kingdom) 165 56 26.8
 Greece 97 10,409 32.6
 Greenland (Denmark) 249 139 32.5
 Grenada 435 465 15.2
 Guadeloupe (France) 216 970 26.9
 Guam (USA) 404 667 45.1
 Guatemala 141 24,386 51.8
 Guernsey (United Kingdom) 165 109 16.5
 Republic of Guinea 25 3,200 65
 Guinea Bissau 10 196 67.9
 Guyana 283 2,200 35.6
 Haiti 96 10,512 71.1
 Honduras 216 18,950 53.1
 Hong Kong (China) 112 8,306 23.5
 Hungary 173 16,947 18.2
 Iceland 37 131 17.6
 India 33 419,623 67.2
 Indonesia 93 248,389 28.6
 Iran 284 230,000 25.1
 Iraq 126 45,000 35.2
 Ireland, Republic of 78 3,816 19
 Isle of Man (United Kingdom) 125 106 6.6
 Israel 236 19,325 25.2
 Italy 98 59,135 33.3
 Jamaica 138 3,866 23.1
 Japan 41 51,805 10.8
 Jersey (United Kingdom) 122 130 26.4
 Jordan 197 15,700 44.4
 Kazakhstan 186 33,989 17
 Kenya 108 54,000 48
 Kiribati 113 129 5.4
 Kosovo/Kosova 95 1,648 18.1
 Kuwait 157 6,000 10
 Kyrgyzstan 171 10,574 18.4
 Laos 119 8,201 1
 Latvia 195 3,765 27.9
 Lebanon 126 6,330 64.7
 Lesotho 92 2,073 19.5
 Liberia 47 2,211 63
 Libya 99 6,187 90
 Liechtenstein 27 10 37.5
 Lithuania 235 6,544 8.8
 Luxembourg 107 650 44.5
 Macau (China) 208 1,371 18.6
 Madagascar 82 20,954 50.8
 Malawi 80 14,795 10.8
 Malaysia 177 55,413 29.8
 Maldives 499 1,852
 Mali 33 5,209 52.8
 Malta 133 588 26.5
 Marshall Islands 66 35 11.4
 Martinique (France) 211 814 27.3
 Mauritania 46 1,920 42.4
 Mauritius 194 2,499 41
 Mayotte (France) 118 308 56.1
 Mexico 164 204,422 39.4
 Micronesia, Federated States of 127 132 16.7
 Moldova (Republic of) 212 7,510 16.8
 Monaco 76 29 59.4
 Mongolia 102 3,099 23
 Montenegro 180 1,123 28.4
 Morocco 232 82,512 40.2
 Mozambique 61 18,185 33.1
 Myanmar (formerly Burma) 145 79,668 10.8
 Namibia 295 7,400 c. 54
 Nauru 140 14 25
 Nepal 65 18,881 58.9
 Netherlands 61 10,464 30
 New Caledonia (France) 193 543 14.2
 New Zealand 214 10,435 30.6
 Nicaragua 276 17,196 21.4
 Niger 53 10,383 59.8
 Nigeria 37 73,631 68.1
 North Macedonia 141 2,931 8.5
 Northern Mariana Islands (USA) 482 270
 Norway 63 3,373 22.9
 Oman 36 1,300 5.6
 Pakistan 43 83,718 69.1
 Palau 395 87 4.1
 Panama 390 16,183 53
 Papua New Guinea 63 4,945 38.3
 Paraguay 199 13,607 77.9
 Peru 270 87,995 39.8
 Philippines 179 188,278 75.1
 Poland 194 73,524 10.1
 Portugal 127 13,065 16.3
 Puerto Rico (USA) 313 10,475 13
 Qatar 53 1,150 44
 Reunion (France) 130 1,148 14
 Romania 111 21,527 8.3
 Russian Federation 316 467,000 17.5
 Rwanda 464 61,000 6.8
 Samoa 204 400 14
 San Marino - 6 83.3
 Sao Tome e Principe 117 251 33.5
 Saudi Arabia 197 61,000 58.7
 Senegal 76 12,500 42.1
 Serbia 154 10,807 16.2
 Seychelles 437 423 16.8
 Sierra Leone 58 4,519 30.1
 Singapore 201 11,691 11.5
 Sint Maarten 153 62 18.1
 Slovakia 191 10,415 15.6
 Slovenia 64 1,333 23.3
 Solomon Islands 78 477 48.2
 South Africa 280 158,111 25.8
 Republic of (South) Korea 109 55,198 34.5
 South Sudan 52 6,504 28.9
 Spain 126 59,087 15
 Sri Lanka 94 20,598 53.4
 St. Kitts and Nevis 393 220 30.5
 St. Lucia 280 527 53.5
 St. Vincent and the Grenadines 426 469 24.3
 Sudan 52 21,000 20.4
 Suriname 183 1,000 50
 Swaziland 282 3,610 18.1
 Sweden 59 5,979 30.6
 Switzerland 81 6,863 39.4
 Syria 60 10,599 50.5
 Taiwan 265 62,634 5.2
 Tajikistan 121 9,317 15
 Tanzania 58 31,382 53.1
 Thailand 526 364,288 18.2
 Timor-Leste (formerly East Timor) 51 659 23.2
 Togo 64 4,859 66.3
 Tonga 166 176 7.4
 Trinidad and Tobago 270 3,667 60.9
 Tunisia 181 20,755 52
 Turkey 288 232,886 43.1
 Turkmenistan 552 30,452 14
 Tuvalu 110 11 0
 Uganda 129 54,059 51.6
 Ukraine 157 56,246 34.2
 United Arab Emirates 104 9,826 38.2
 United Kingdom: England & Wales. 140 83,014 11.2 Notes
 United Kingdom: Northern Ireland 76 1,435 30.4 Notes
 United Kingdom: Scotland 143 7,771 19.5 Notes
 United States of America 655 2,121,600 21.6 Notes
 Uruguay 321 11,078 69.7
 Uzbekistan 150 43,900 10
 Vanuatu 71 192 22.4
 Venezuela 178 57,096 63
 Vietnam 137 130,002 12.5
 Virgin Islands (United Kingdom) 470 134 37
 Virgin Islands (USA) 542 577 36.4
 Yemen 53 14,000 70.1
 Zambia 146 25,000 28
 Zimbabwe 120 19,521 17.1

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Notes

Return to top of table.

Europe

Prison population of Europe is approximately 1.2 million[2] of total 743 million population.[3]

Australia

Further information: Immigration detention in Australia and Punishment in Australia

With a prison population of 42,000 and a total 2018 population of 25 million, Australia has an incarceration rate of 171 per 100,000 population, or 222 per 100,000 adult population.[4]

In addition to its standard prisons, Australia also operates a separate system of immigration prisons to detain foreigners who have breached the terms of, or lack a visa.[5] Some of these immigration detention centres are used to indefinitely detain[6] asylum seekers and refugees, including children[7], often without trial, sometimes for several years.[6] Immigration detainees are not included in the data for prison population and incarceration rates.[8]

Additionally, the number of prisoners and incarceration rate differs for each Australian state and territory, with some having much higher or lower incarceration rates than the national average.

In addition to adult prisoners, on an average night in June 2017, there was 964 minors imprisoned in Australia.[9]

China

Further information: Re-education through labor, Laogai, and Xinjiang re-education camps

According to the World Prison Brief, China had an incarceration rate of 118 per 100,000 as of mid-2015 (for 1,649,804 sentenced prisoners in Ministry of Justice prisons only). The World Prison Brief states that in addition to the sentenced prisoners, there may be more than 650,000 held in detention centers. "A total prison population of 2,300,000 would raise the incarceration rate to 164 per 100,000."[10]

After 2015 there was a great increase in the number of people in the Xinjiang re-education camps. In May 2018, Randall Schriver of the United States Department of Defense claimed that "at least a million but likely closer to three million citizens" were imprisoned in detention centers in a strong condemnation of the "concentration camps".[11][12][13] In August 2018, a United Nations human rights panel said that it had received many credible reports that 1 million ethnic Uighurs in China have been held in "re-education camps".[14][15]

India

The prison population of India was 433 003 as of December 31, 2016, according to the World Prison Brief.[16] According to the National Prison Portal website when viewed on 22 Oct 2019, the prison population of India is around 473,000.[17]

North Korea

Little information exists regarding North Korea's incarceration rate. In 2012, the U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea estimated 150,000 to 200,000 are incarcerated, based on testimonies of defectors from the state police bureau, which roughly equals 600–800 people incarcerated per 100,000.[18] For more information, see Prisons in North Korea.

United Kingdom

The main chart source only provides rates for the constituent parts of the UK.[1] In the above table see Scotland, Northern Ireland, and England and Wales. If they are not listed separately, then they can be found listed under the UK listing.

United States

Juveniles in residential
placement, 1997–2015. US[19]
Year Male Female Total

1997 90,771 14,284 105,055
1999 92,985 14,508 107,493
2001 89,115 15,104 104,219
2003 81,975 14,556 96,531
2006 78,998 13,723 92,721
2007 75,017 11,797 86,814
2010 61,359 9,434 70,793
2011 53,079 8,344 61,423
2013 46,421 7,727 54,148
2015 40,750 7,293 48,043
Further information: United States incarceration rate and Comparison of United States incarceration rate with other countries

The incarceration rate (per 100,000 population of all ages) is for inmates held in adult facilities in the United States. It does not include inmates in the custody of correctional facilities operated by departments of corrections in U.S. territories (American Samoa, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands) and U.S. commonwealths (Northern Mariana Islands and Puerto Rico).[20][21]

In addition, there were 48,043 juveniles in juvenile detention in 2015.[19] For more juvenile detention information and numbers, see Youth incarceration in the United States.

The incarceration rate in the U.S. varies by U.S. state, with some such as Oklahoma and Louisiana, being around 1 and 2/3rds higher than the national average. See: List of U.S. states by incarceration and correctional supervision rate.

See also

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Incarceration rates and Criminal justice statistics.

References

  1. ^ a b c d Highest to Lowest. World Prison Brief (WPB). Use dropdown menu to choose lists of countries by region, or the whole world. Use menu to select highest-to-lowest lists of prison population totals, prison population rates, percentage of pre-trial detainees / remand prisoners, percentage of female prisoners, percentage of foreign prisoners, and occupancy rate. Column headings in WPB tables can be clicked to reorder columns lowest to highest, or alphabetically. For detailed information for each country click on any country name in lists. See also the WPB main data page and click on the map links and/or the sidebar links to get to the region and country desired. Data for the whole Wikipedia list was last retrieved on 18 October 2018. Some numbers may be adjusted here later according to later info. Please update the table here only from this WPB source. For a quick method to fully update the table see the relevant section ("conversion examples") of Commons:Convert tables and charts to wiki code or image files.
  2. ^ "Highest to Lowest - Prison Population Total | World Prison Brief". www.prisonstudies.org.
  3. ^ http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/europe-population/
  4. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics. "Main Features - Summary of findings". www.abs.gov.au.
  5. ^ Sarah.Dillon, (8 November 2013). "Immigration detention and human rights". www.humanrights.gov.au.
  6. ^ a b Doherty, Ben (17 May 2016). "Australia's indefinite detention of refugees illegal, UN rules". the Guardian.
  7. ^ "All children to be off Nauru by year's end". The Sydney Morning Herald. 1 November 2018.
  8. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics. "Main Features - Summary of findings". www.abs.gov.au.
  9. ^ "Youth detention population in Australia 2017, Summary - Australian Institute of Health and Welfare".
  10. ^ China. By World Prison Brief.
  11. ^ "US accuses China of using 'concentration camps' against Muslim minority". www.theguardian.com. 4 May 2018.
  12. ^ "China putting minority Muslims in 'concentration camps,' U.S. says". www.reuters.com. 4 May 2018.
  13. ^ "In Push for Trade Deal, Trump Administration Shelves Sanctions Over China's Crackdown on Uighurs". www.nytimes.com. 4 May 2018.
  14. ^ "China Uighurs: One million held in political camps, UN told". BBC. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
  15. ^ "U.N. says it has credible reports that China holds million Uighurs in secret camps". Reuters. Retrieved 10 August 2018.
  16. ^ India. By World Prison Brief.
  17. ^ "Welcome to National Prison Portal". eprisons.nic.in. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
  18. ^ The Hidden Gulag: The Lives and Voices of "Those Who are Sent to the Mountains", 2nd ed. By David Hawk. Published April 10, 2012 by Committee for Human Rights in North Korea. ISBN 0615623670.
  19. ^ a b Sickmund, M., Sladky, T.J., Kang, W., & Puzzanchera, C.. "Easy Access to the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement". Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Click "National Crosstabs" at the top, and then choose the census years. Click "Show table" to get the total number of juvenile inmates for those years. Or go here for all the years. And here.
  20. ^ United States of America. By World Prison Brief.
  21. ^ Correctional Populations in the United States, 2016 (NCJ 251211). Published April 2018 by U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). By Danielle Kaeble and Mary Cowhig, BJS statisticians. See PDF. Appendix table 1 on page 11 has rates and counts by state. See page 1 "highlights" section for the "1 in ..." numbers. See table 4 on page 4 for a timeline of nationwide incarceration rates. See appendix table 3 on page 13, for "Persons held in custody in state or federal prisons or in local jails, 2000, 2010, and 2015–2016". That table also has incarceration rates. See appendix table 2 on page 12 for the number or persons incarcerated in territorial prisons, military facilities, and jails in Indian country.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_countries_by_incarceration_rate&oldid=927094380"