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The Oval

Coordinates: 51°29′1″N 0°6′54″W / 51.48361°N 0.11500°W / 51.48361; -0.11500
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This article is about the cricket ground in London. For other uses, see Oval (disambiguation).
"Surrey Cricket Ground" redirects here. For the cricket ground in Sri Lanka, see Surrey Village Cricket Ground.
"Kennington Oval" redirects here. Not to be confused with Kensington Oval.

The Oval
The Oval Pavilion
Ground information
LocationKennington, London
Coordinates51°29′1″N 0°6′54″W / 51.48361°N 0.11500°W / 51.48361; -0.11500
Establishment1845
Capacity25,500[1]
OwnerDuchy of Cornwall
OperatorSurrey County Cricket Club
End names
Vauxhall End
Pavilion End
International information
First Test6–8 September 1880:
 England v  Australia
Last Test12–16 September 2019:
 England v  Australia
First ODI7 September 1973:
 England v  West Indies
Last ODI15 June 2019:
 Australia v  Sri Lanka
First T20I28 June 2007:
 England v  West Indies
Last T20I20 May 2014:
 England v  Sri Lanka
First women's Test10–13 July 1937:
 England v  Australia
Last women's Test24–28 July 1976:
 England v  Australia
Only WT20I19 June 2009:
 England v  Australia
Team information
Surrey (1846–present)
Corinthian-Casuals (football) (1950–1963)
As of 15 June 2019
Source: ESPNcricinfo

The Oval, known for sponsorship reasons as the Kia Oval,[2][3] is an international cricket ground in Kennington, in the London Borough of Lambeth, in south London.[4] The Oval has been the home ground of Surrey County Cricket Club since it was opened in 1845.[5][6][7] It was the first ground in England to host international Test cricket in September 1880.[8][9] The final Test match of the English season is traditionally played there.

In addition to cricket, The Oval has hosted a number of other historically significant sporting events. In 1870, it staged England's first international football match, versus Scotland.[10] It hosted the first FA Cup final in 1872,[11][12] as well as those between 1874[13] and 1892.[14] In 1876, it held both the England v. Wales and England v. Scotland rugby international matches and, in 1877, rugby's first varsity match.[15] It also hosted the final of the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy.

History

The clock by the Members' entrance

The Oval is built on part of the former Kennington Common. Cricket matches were played on the common throughout the early 18th century. The earliest recorded first-class match was the London v Dartford match on 18 June 1724.[16] However, as the common was also used regularly for public executions of those convicted at the Surrey Assizes (it was the south London equivalent of Tyburn), cricket matches had moved away to the Artillery Ground by the 1740s. Kennington Common was eventually enclosed in the mid 19th century under a scheme sponsored by the Royal Family.

In 1844, the site of the Kennington Oval was a market garden[17] owned by the Duchy of Cornwall.[18][19] The Duchy was willing to lease the land for the purpose of a cricket ground, and on 10 March 1845 the first lease, which the club later assumed, was issued to Mr. William Houghton (then president of the progenitor Montpelier Cricket Club) by the Otter Trustees who held the land from the Duchy "to convert it into a subscription cricket ground",[20] for 31 years at a rent of £120 per annum[21] plus taxes amounting to £20.[22] The original contract for turfing The Oval cost £300;[21] the 10,000 grass turfs came from Tooting Common and were laid in the Spring of 1845[19][20] allowing for the first cricket match to be played in May 1845. Hence, Surrey County Cricket Club (SCCC) was established in 1845.[5][20][23][24]

The popularity of the ground was immediate and the strength of the SCCC grew. On 3 May 1875 the club acquired the remainder of the leasehold for a further term of 31 years from the Otter Trustees for the sum of £2,800.[25]

In 1868, 20,000 spectators gathered at The Oval for the first game of the 1868 Aboriginal cricket tour of England, the first tour of England by any foreign side.[26] Thanks to C.W. Alcock, the Secretary of Surrey from 1872 to 1907,[27] the first Test match in England was played at The Oval in 1880 between England and Australia. The Oval, thereby, became the second ground to stage a Test, after Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG).[28] In 1882, Australia won the Test by seven runs within two days. The Sporting Times printed a mocking obituary notice[29] for English cricket, which led to the creation of the Ashes trophy, which is still contested whenever England plays Australia.[30] The first Test double century was scored at The Oval in 1884 by Australia's Billy Murdoch.[31]

Surrey's ground is noted as having the first artificial lighting at a sports arena, in the form of gas-lamps, dating to 1889.[32] The current pavilion was completed in time for the 1898 season.[21][33]

In 1907, South Africa became the second visiting Test team to play a Test match at the ground. In 1928, the West Indies played its first Test match at The Oval, followed by New Zealand in 1931. In 1936, India became the fifth foreign visiting Test side to play at The Oval, followed by Pakistan in 1954 and Sri Lanka in 1998.[34] Zimbabwe and Bangladesh have yet to play a Test match at The Oval.[35][36]

Cricket, WG Grace, 1891– Kennington Oval

The Oval is referenced by the poet Philip Larkin in his poem about the First World War, "MCMXIV".[37] During World War II, The Oval was requisitioned, initially housing anti-aircraft searchlights. It was then turned into a prisoner-of-war camp, intended to hold enemy parachutists. However, as they never came, The Oval was never actually used for this purpose.[38]

The first One Day International match at this venue was played on 7 September 1973 between England and West Indies.[39] It hosted matches of the 1975, 1979, 1983, and 1999 World Cups.[40] It also hosted five of the fifteen matches in the 2004 ICC Champions Trophy, including the final.[41] The Oval once held the record for the largest playing area of any Test venue in the world. That record has since been surpassed by Gaddafi Stadium in Pakistan, although The Oval remains the largest in Great Britain.

Billionaire Paul Getty, who had a great affinity for cricket and was at one time SCCC President, built a replica of The Oval on his Wormsley Park estate.[42]

The famous gasholders just outside the ground were built around 1853.[43] With the gasholders long disused, there was much speculation as to whether they should be demolished; however, many believe they are an integral part of The Oval's urban landscape and, therefore, their future looks secure. In 2016 the main gasholder was given official protected status as a historically important industrial structure.[44]

On 20 August 2006, The Oval saw the first time a team forfeited a Test match. Pakistan were upset after umpires Darrell Hair and Billy Doctrove docked them five runs and changed the ball after ruling that the team had tampered with it on the fourth day of the final Test against England. Pakistan debated the matter during the tea break and then refused to come out for the final session in protest. By the time they relented and decided to resume, the umpires had already called time on the match and awarded the game to England by default.[45][46]

The Oval hosted its hundredth Test, against South Africa, on 27 July 2017, becoming the fourth Test venue in the world after Lord's, MCG and SCG to do so.[47] Moeen Ali also became the first player to ever take a Test hat-trick at The Oval, bowling out South Africa in the second innings to win the match.[48]

In Tests, the highest team score at The Oval is 903/7 declared by England against Australia on 20 August 1938. The leading run scorers are Len Hutton (1,521 runs), Alastair Cook (1,217 runs) and Graham Gooch (1,097 runs). The leading wicket takers are Ian Botham (52 wickets), Derek Underwood (45 wickets) and James Anderson (44 wickets).

In ODIs, the highest team score at The Oval is 398/5 by New Zealand against England on 12 June 2015. The leading ODI run scorers are Eoin Morgan (630 runs), Marcus Trescothick (528 runs) and Joe Root (480 runs). The leading ODI wicket takers are James Anderson (30 wickets) and Darren Gough (13 wickets).

End names

The north-western end of The Oval is traditionally known as the Vauxhall End, as it is nearer to the district of Vauxhall and its railway station.[49][50] The opposite end (south-east) is known as the Pavilion End as it is the location of the Members' Pavilion.[49]

21st-century redevelopment

Surrey v Yorkshire (OCS stand in background)

At the end of the 2002 cricket season, Surrey started redeveloping the Vauxhall End.[51] The development included demolishing the outdated Surridge, Fender, Jardine, and Peter May north stands, and creating in their place a single four-tier grandstand, currently known as the OCS stand,[52] as it is sponsored by Outsourced Client Solutions International Facilities Management Services. This work was completed in May 2005 and increased ground capacity to around 23,000.[53]

In January 2007, Surrey CCC, announced plans to increase capacity by a further 2,000 seats, this time by redeveloping the Pavilion End. The Lock, Laker, and Peter May south stands were to be replaced by a new stand, which would have a hotel backing on to it.[54] The Surrey Tavern at the entrance to the ground would be demolished, and a new pedestrian plaza would be created in its place, improving access to the ground and opening up views of the historic pavilion.[54] These plans were delayed by objections raised by the Health & Safety Executive as the ground is close to a gasometer. Planning permission was eventually granted, but not before the credit crunch struck, as a result of which this development did not proceed.

In 2009, four masts of semi-permanent telescopic floodlights costing £3.7m were installed for use in late-day through evening matches.[55] The floodlights were especially designed to comply with strict residential planning regulations to lessen their visual impact and any light overspill to residents, as well as to improve the game experience within the ground by reducing excess glare that can affect players, umpires, broadcasters and spectators. Precision reflector systems were fitted for tight beam control to decrease overspill and direct light only where needed. Each mast was made extendable to a maximum height of 47.6 metres (156 ft) and, when not in use, retractable to 30 m (98 ft). At the end of each season, all four masts can be removed and stored away.[56][57][58]

After the 2013 season, a new project was started to add 'wings' to either side of the OCS Stand at the Vauxhall End of the ground. The development was finished in time for the start of the 2014 season. Each 'wing' added 500 seats, increasing the capacity from 23,500 to 24,500.[59]

In September 2015, the Peter May and Tony Lock stands were demolished, to be replaced by a single new and much larger stand named after Peter May. May led Surrey to their sixth and seventh consecutive County Championships in 1957 and 1958 and also captained England from 1955 to 1961, winning the Ashes in 1956. Construction of the new stand, which cost around £10m, began in September 2015. It officially opened on 15 May 2016, increasing the capacity of the ground by 1,300 seats to 25,300.[60]

Following the demolition of the Tony Lock stand, the club renamed the Laker Stand as the Lock/Laker Stand, continuing to honour the contribution made by the spin partnership of Tony Lock and Jim Laker, who collectively took 3,108 wickets for the club.[61]

Football

The Oval is also an important site in the historical development of football in England, before a separate national stadium was constructed specifically for the sport. Football had been played in this part of London for many years prior to the inauguration of The Oval: "The Gymnastic Society", arguably the world's first football club, met regularly at Kennington Common during the second half of the eighteenth century to play the game.[62] Between 1950 and 1963 amateur club Corinthian Casuals played at The Oval,[63] with the pitch at the Vauxhall End.[64]

First international football match

See also: England v Scotland representative football matches (1870–72)

The Oval was the venue for the first representative football match in the world on 5 March 1870, England against Scotland, organised by The Football Association.[65][66] The game resulted in a 1–1 draw, but is not recognised by FIFA as the first ever official international match because the Scotland team was selected only from London-based Scottish players. Similar representative international matches between England and Scotland took place at The Oval until February 1872.

On 8 March 1873, the England national team beat Scotland 4–2 in the first officially recognised international match to be played in England. England continued to play occasionally at The Oval until 1889.[67]

Scores and results list England's goal tally first.
Date Result Opponent Competition Winner
5 March 1870 1–1 Scotland Scotland Friendly (unofficial) Draw
19 November 1870 1–0 Scotland Scotland Friendly (unofficial) England
25 February 1871 1–1 Scotland Scotland Friendly (unofficial) Draw
17 November 1871 2–1 Scotland Scotland Friendly (unofficial) England
24 February 1872 1–0 Scotland Scotland Friendly (unofficial) England
8 March 1873 4–2 Scotland Scotland Friendly England
6 March 1875 2–2 Scotland Scotland Friendly Draw
3 March 1877 1–3 Scotland Scotland Friendly Scotland
19 January 1879 2–1 Wales Wales Friendly England
5 April 1879 5–4 Scotland Scotland Friendly England
12 March 1881 1–6 Scotland Scotland Friendly Scotland
3 February 1883 5–0 Wales Wales Friendly England
21 March 1885 1–1 Scotland Scotland Home International Draw
26 February 1887 4–0 Wales Wales Home International England
13 April 1889 2–3 Scotland Scotland Home International Scotland

First FA Cup final

The Oval was the site of the first ever FA Cup final, and also both semi-final matches. On 16 March 1872, The Wanderers beat the Royal Engineers 1–0 to win the first ever FA Cup. This final was notable for the Engineers' then innovative footballing style of teamwork rather than individual play.[68] C. W. Alcock, Secretary of The Football Association, was the prime mover in the creation of the competition. He had also just become Secretary of Surrey CCC, so The Oval was the natural choice of venue for the final. Alcock was also captain of the successful Wanderers side.

Apart from 1873 The Oval hosted all subsequent FA Cup finals until 1892.

The Oval is one of two grounds (Bramall Lane in Sheffield being the other) to have staged England football and cricket internationals and FA Cup finals.

The Oval also hosted the first Rugby Union international match to be held in England, between England and Scotland, in 1872.

Results of FA Cup finals at The Oval

Year Attendance Winner Runner-up Notes
1872 2,000 Wanderers 1 Royal Engineers 0
1874 2,000 Oxford University 2 Royal Engineers 0
1875 3,000 Royal Engineers 1 Old Etonians 1
Replay 3,000 Royal Engineers 2 Old Etonians 0
1876 3,500 Wanderers 1 Old Etonians 1
Replay 1,500 Wanderers 3 Old Etonians 0
1877 3,000 Wanderers 2 Oxford University 1
1878 4,500 Wanderers 3 Royal Engineers 1
1879 5,000 Old Etonians 1 Clapham Rovers 0
1880 6,000 Clapham Rovers 1 Oxford University 0
1881 4,500 Old Carthusians 3 Old Etonians 0
1882 6,500 Old Etonians 1 Blackburn Rovers 0
1883 8,000 Blackburn Olympic 2 Old Etonians 1
1884 12,000 Blackburn Rovers 2 Queen's Park 1
1885 12,500 Blackburn Rovers 2 Queen's Park 0
1886 15,000 Blackburn Rovers 0 West Bromwich Albion 0 2–0 in the replay at the Racecourse Ground, Derby
1887 15,500 Aston Villa 2 West Bromwich Albion 0
1888 19,000 West Bromwich Albion 2 Preston North End 1
1889 22,000 Preston North End 3 Wolverhampton Wanderers 0
1890 20,000 Blackburn Rovers 6 Sheffield Wednesday 1
1891 23,000 Blackburn Rovers 3 Notts County 1
1892 32,810 West Bromwich Albion 3 Aston Villa 0

Rugby

An illustration of an 1872 England vs Scotland rugby match. The background right shows the distinctive gas holder of The Oval

Between 1872 and 1879, The Oval held the following seven full cap international rugby union matches:

Date Competition Home team Away team
5 February 1872  England 1G  Scotland 2G
23 February 1874  England 1G  Scotland 0G
15 February 1875  England 2G  Ireland 0G
6 March 1876  England 1G  Scotland 0G
5 February 1877 1877 Home Nations Championship  England 2G  Ireland 0G
4 March 1878 1878 Home Nations Championship  England 0G  Scotland 0G
24 March 1879 1879 Home Nations Championship  England 3G  Ireland 0G

On Wednesday 3 March 1875, The Oval held the final of the United Hospitals Challenge Cup, the oldest rugby union cup competition in the world.

Conferences and events

As well as being an international sporting venue, The Oval has a conference and events business. The Corinthian Roof Terrace built on the OCS Stand in 2013 features panoramic views of the London skyline.

Other events

The ground has also hosted other events, including hockey fixtures and concerts.

The Oval has hosted exhibition matches for Australian rules football. The first such match was held between Carlton and a team of All-Stars in 1972.[69] In 1987, the Oval hosted what became known as the Battle of Britain between Carlton and North Melbourne, which included numerous fights and future multiple AFL Premiership coach Alastair Clarkson, at the time only a teenager, breaking Ian Aitken's jaw. In 2005, a record crowd for Australian rules football in England (18,884) saw Fremantle defeat the West Coast Eagles in the Western Derby (thus far, the only edition of the fixture to not be played in Perth). In 2012, approximately 10,000 attended a post-season exhibition match between Port Adelaide and the Western Bulldogs, which Port Adelaide won by 1 point.[70]

In 2011, ahead of an NFL International Series game at Wembley Stadium, the Chicago Bears used The Oval as a practice facility.[71]

Oval gasometer and gasworks

Further information: The Oval Gasholders

A nearby Victorian gasometer has been a feature of the view from the ground since the 1800s. A movement to preserve iconic gasometers across Britain has emerged in recent years with the one visible from The Oval often cited as a landmark example. The skeletal but decorative structure is a landmark in the area and has become part of The Oval's history and allure. The cricket commentator Henry Blofeld once said in a broadcast, "As the bowler runs in, it's so quiet you can hear the creak of the gasometer." When plans to demolish the ageing structure were announced in 2013, he stated: "In comparison, pulling down the Victoria Memorial in front of Buckingham Palace would be child's play."[72]

Transport connections

Service Station/Stop Lines/Routes served Distance
London Buses London Buses Oval Station Disabled access 36, 185, 436 100 metres (330 ft)
Clapham Road Disabled access 155, 333 200 metres (660 ft)[73]
Oval Station Disabled access 155, 333 190 metres (620 ft)[74]
London Underground London Underground Oval Northern line 190 metres (620 ft)
Vauxhall Disabled access Victoria line 850 metres (2,790 ft)[75]
National Rail National Rail South Western Railway

See also

References

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Media related to The Oval cricket ground, London at Wikimedia Commons

Preceded by
none
 FA Cup
Final Venue
1872 		Succeeded by
Preceded by FA Cup
Final Venue
1874–1892 		Succeeded by
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