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Ami Bera

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Ami Bera
Member of the
U.S. House of Representatives
from California
Incumbent
Assumed office
January 3, 2013
Preceded byDan Lungren
Constituency7th district (2013–2023)
6th district (2023–present)
Personal details
Born (1965-03-02) March 2, 1965 (age 59)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Spouse
Janine Bera
​
(m. 1991)​
Children1
Residence(s)Elk Grove, California, U.S.
EducationUniversity of California, Irvine (BS, MD)
WebsiteHouse website
Ami Bera's voice
Ami Bera speaks on Russian aggression towards Ukraine
Recorded February 2, 2022

Amerish Babulal Bera (/ˈɑːmi ˈbɛrə/ AH-mee BERR-ə; born March 2, 1965) is an American physician and politician who has been serving as a member of the United States House of Representatives from California since 2013. He is a member of the Democratic Party and represents California's 6th congressional district, which is in Sacramento County.

Prior to his time in Congress, Bera worked as a physician and served as the Chief Medical Officer for Sacramento County. He has also been involved in various community organizations, including the American Red Cross and the California State Board of Education.

Bera is also a member of the House Foreign Affairs Committee and has been a strong advocate for diplomacy and global engagement. He has been recognized for his leadership on issues related to healthcare, foreign policy, and environmental protection.[1][2]

Early life, education, and career

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Bera's father, Babulal Bera, immigrated to the United States from India in 1958.[3][4] Two years later, Babulal Bera was joined by his wife, Kanta.[5] Ami Bera was born in Los Angeles and raised in the Orange County city of La Palma. He attended John F. Kennedy High School while living there.[6] Bera's parents are from Rajkot, Gujarat, and he can understand Gujarati.[1]

Bera has a bachelor's degree in biological sciences from the University of California, Irvine, also earning his Doctor of Medicine degree there in 1991.[6][7] From 1997 to 1999 he was the medical director of Care Management at the Mercy Healthcare for Sacramento. He served as the chief medical officer for the County of Sacramento and later as the associate dean for admissions at the UC Davis School of Medicine.[8] From 2005 to 2012, he served as a clinical professor at the University of California Davis School of Medicine.[citation needed]

U.S. House of Representatives

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Elections

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2010

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See also: 2010 United States House of Representatives elections in California § District 3
Bera at an October 2010 rally for Jerry Brown

Bera challenged three-term Republican incumbent Dan Lungren in the general election for California's 3rd congressional district. He ran unopposed for the Democratic nomination.[9] He raised more money than Lungren for the five quarters through mid-2010,[10][11] making him the only Democratic challenger with more cash than a sitting Republican member of the House.[12] Bera was one of 17 candidates the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee targeted to take over Republican-held or open seats in 2010.[13]

Lungren was the only incumbent Republican whose race was rated a "tossup" by CQ Politics, but it was rerated "Lean GOP" in the campaign's final days,[14] and the race was considered competitive by both parties. Polling by Daily Kos in September showed Lungren leading Bera, 46%–38%.[15][16] Bera cited health care, education and economic recovery among his top legislative priorities. In November, Lungren won reelection, defeating Bera 51%–43%.[17]

In 2010, after Bera accepted a $250 donation from Basim Elkarra, executive director of the Sacramento chapter of the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), the California Republican Party called on him to return the money. Bera returned the money after these concerns were raised.[18]

2012

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See also: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in California § District 7

Bera announced a rematch against Lungren in 2012. The district had been renumbered the 7th district, and made somewhat more compact. It lost all of its territory outside of Sacramento County, making it slightly friendlier to Democrats.

On November 13, 2012, Bera attended freshman orientation as congressman-elect while votes were still being counted.[19] Candidates in these tight races sometimes attend the orientation by the Committee on House Administration, whose chairman was Bera's opponent, Lungren.[20]

On November 15, 2012, the Associated Press called the race for Bera, who won 51%–49%.[21][22]

2014

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See also: 2014 United States House of Representatives elections in California § District 7
Bera during the 113th United States Congress

Bera ran for reelection in 2014, facing former Republican congressman Doug Ose, who had represented what was then the 3rd from 1999 to 2005.[23] The Rothenberg Political Report rated the 7th district "Lean Democratic," but The Sacramento Bee reported that Bera was "viewed by both parties as one of the most vulnerable Democrats in the country."[2][19] Bera was a member of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee's Frontline program, designed to support vulnerable candidates.[24] In June 2014, Politico reported that the DCCC planned to support Bera with $1.7 million in ads throughout fall 2014, and the House Majority PAC, a political action committee designed to support Democratic candidates, reserved $200,000 for late-election television ads.[25]

The Hill reported that Bera's campaign received donations from parents of another Democratic candidate, Kevin Strouse, only to have Bera's parents then donate a similar amount to Strouse's campaign. According to The Philadelphia Inquirer, "The donations appear legal, campaign finance experts say, though two said any agreement among the parents to trade donations could be viewed as an attempted end run around contribution limits."[26][27] In May 2016, Bera's father, Babulal, pleaded guilty to two felony counts of elections fraud.[28]

No Labels co-founder and former George W. Bush advisor Mark McKinnon said of Bera, "He is the most important member of our Problem Solvers—of the entire group. He stepped up immediately as a freshman to take a leadership position. He was out early advocating on our big issues like No Budget, No Pay.”[29]

In response to a poll by the American Sikh Committee to Evaluate Congressional Candidates, Bera did not answer two questions about the Indian government's part in the 1984 anti-Sikh riots in which 8,000 Sikhs were massacred after Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's assassination. Instead, he noted that in 2005, Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh had publicly apologized to the Sikh community for the government's role. Bera also stated that, while it was a tragedy, he was more focused on the treatment of Sikhs in the U.S. and could not dictate how the Indian government should approach the matter.[30] In response, some members of the Sikh-American community, and some PACs representing them, publicly withdrew their support for Bera.[31] But with the majority of the Sikh-American population coming from outside of Bera's district, the advocates acknowledged that they were unlikely to affect the outcome of the race.[30]

On election night, Bera "was down by more than 3,000 votes...but came back to win after all the absentee and mail-in ballots were in." In the end, he won 50.4% of the vote to Ose's 49.6%.[32]

2016

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See also: 2016 United States House of Representatives elections in California § District 7

Bera ran for reelection in 2016. He faced Republican Sacramento County Sheriff Scott Jones in the general election.[33] In January 2016, the Elk Grove-South County Democratic Club, Bera's home club, voted against endorsing him, citing concerns with his record on trade and Syrian refugees.[34]

Bera's 2016 race was "one of the nastiest Congressional races with allegations and insinuations being bandied back and forth" and was also "one of the last two House races in the entire nation yet to be called." As he began his third term, he was joined by three new Indian-American House members: Raja Krishnamoorthi from Illinois, Pramila Jayapal from Washington, and Ro Khanna from California. Silicon Valley entrepreneur M. R. Rangaswami said Bera "was the first Indian American to be in Congress in a long time and now can actually lead a Caucus...able to shepherd Pramila, Raja and Ro and get them going during their freshman year."[32]

A coalition of dissatisfied groups prevented Bera from garnering his party's endorsement in January, but at the state Democratic convention in February, he was endorsed, with 90% of the delegates voting to endorse.[35][36][37]

During the 2016 campaign Bera's father, Babulal Bera, was sentenced to one year and one day in federal prison, and fined $100,200, for federal campaign finance violations that helped fund two of his son's campaigns.[38]

Bera narrowly defeated Jones in the general election, with 51% of the vote to Jones's 49%. The margin of victory was 4,802 votes.[39]

Since 2016, which saw the election to the House of three other Indian-Americans and to the Senate of the first Indian-American Senator, Kamala Devi Harris, Bera has been described as the "Godfather" of Indian-Americans on Capitol Hill.[40]

2018

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See also: 2018 United States House of Representatives elections in California § District 7

In 2018, Bera was reelected, garnering 155,016 votes (55%) and defeating Republican Andrew Grant, a former U.S. Department of State official, who received 126,601 (45%).[41]

2020

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See also: 2020 United States House of Representatives elections in California § District 7

In 2020, Bera was reelected, garnering 217,416 votes (56%) and defeating Republican Buzz Patterson, a retired United States Air Force Lieutenant Colonel who received 166,549 (43%).[42]

Tenure

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During his first five terms in office (2013–2022), Bera was a cosponsor of 95 legislative items that became law and an original cosponsor of none.[43] Acts designating a name for a Federal property accounted for 44 of the 95, typically with 50 or more cosponsors. Another 37 were general consensus items cosponsored by at least one third of the 435-member House, of which 27 were cosponsored by at least two thirds. Bera cosponsored only one successful item with fewer than 30 cosponsors. He was the final of 7 cosponsors for H.R.3399 in the 116th Congress, which became law on 30 October 2020.[44] The law authorized the Nutria Eradication and Control Act of 2003 to continue through 2025 and made California eligible for program grants. Nutria are an invasive species of large, semiaquatic rodents whose burrowing could threaten levees in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, where productive farmland lies below sea level.

In an interview covered in the Elk Grove Citizen, Bera said his first year in Congress "was about being focused here in the district but also building my reputation in Washington, D.C."[45]

In October 2013, Bera announced that he would give up his federal pay for the duration of the government shutdown. He also announced that in response to sequester cuts, he would donate 8.2% of his check each month to local organizations affected by sequester cuts.[46]

In a 2015 op-ed supporting the Trans-Pacific Partnership in the Sacramento Bee, Bera copied several sentences from documents produced by the Business Roundtable and Third Way and from an Obama White House report. He received criticism, including from labor groups like the California Labor Federation, for parroting lobbying firms. Bera later wrote an apology, though he stood by the sentiment of the op-ed.[47][48]

As of October 2021, Bera had voted in line with Joe Biden's stated position 100% of the time.[49]

In 2022, Bera was bitten by a rabid fox on Capitol Hill and received the appropriate shots.[50] Coinciding with World Rabies Day, Bera introduced legislation, the Affordable Rabies Treatment for Uninsured Act, which would create a government program that would reimburse health care providers who administer the treatment to people who are uninsured. A five-shot regimen of rabies immunoglobulin and rabies vaccine can cost over $5,000.[51]

Environment

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According to The Hill in 2014, "Bera, who faces a tough race this fall against Republican Doug Ose, is a strong advocate for tackling climate change, but global warming isn't his focus when he talks about the drought with constituents."[52]

Health care
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Bera supports the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) and has voted against repeal efforts.[53][54]

Syrian refugees
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On November 19, 2015, Bera voted for HR 4038, legislation that would effectively halt the resettlement of refugees from Syria and Iraq to the United States.[55]

Pakistan and terrorism
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In 2016, Bera called on the Pakistani government "to take responsibility and start cracking down" on terrorists based in its country, and praised the Indian government for its restraint in the face of a recent attack on an Indian air force base by Pakistan-based militants.[56]

India–U.S. relations
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Bera called a June 2016 speech by Indian prime minister Narendra Modi to a joint session of the U.S. Congress "the perfect speech for this moment in time" and claimed that India was becoming "a global leader and a global partner with the United States." "As an Indian American and a Gujarati American," Bera said, "I was thrilled by the prime minister's speech."[57]

Israel

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Bera voted to provide Israel with support following 2023 Hamas attack on Israel.[58][59] Bera boycotted Prime Minister Netanyahu's address to a joint session of Congress on 25 July 2024, saying that Netanyahu is "the one person standing in the way" of a cease-fire and hostage release.[60]

Taxes
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In 2017, Bera voted against the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.[61]

Big Tech
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In 2022, Bera was one of 16 Democrats to vote against the Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act of 2022, an antitrust package that would crack down on corporations for anti-competitive behavior.[62][63]

Committee assignments

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For the 118th Congress:[64]

Caucus memberships

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Political positions

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Abortion

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He is pro choice.[70] He opposed the overturning of Roe v. Wade, calling it a "blow to women's rights and reproductive health care".[71]

Personal life

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Bera and his wife, Janine Bera, have one child.[6] They reside in Elk Grove, California, which is outside of his district.[72]

On April 4, 2022, Bera was one of nine people attacked by a rabid fox outside the US Capitol. He said afterward, '"I expect to get attacked if I go on Fox News; I don't expect to get attacked by a fox."[73]

Bera is one of three Unitarian Universalists in Congress.[74]

Electoral history

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Electoral history of Ami Bera
Year Office Party Primary General Result Swing Ref.
Total % P. Total % P.
2010 U.S. House 3rd Democratic 49,022 100.0% 1st 113,128 43.19% 2nd Lost Hold [75]
2012 7th Democratic 49,433 41.0% 2nd 141,241 51.68% 1st Won Gain [76]
2014 Democratic 51,878 46.72% 1st 92,521 50.40% 1st Won Hold [77]
2016 Democratic 93,506 54.00% 1st 152,133 51.17% 1st Won Hold [78]
2018 Democratic 84,776 51.65% 1st 155,016 55.04% 1st Won Hold [79]
2020 Democratic 106,124 50.32% 1st 217,416 56.62% 1st Won Hold [80]
2022 6th Democratic 76,317 52.61% 1st 121,058 55.95% 1st Won Hold [81]
2024 Democratic 76,605 51.85% 1st TBD [82]
Source: Secretary of State of California | Statewide Election Results

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Haniffa, Aziz (January 29, 2015). "Modi spoke to me in Gujarati: US Congressman". Rediff.com. Washington, D.C. Modi, he said, spoke to him in Gujarati. "I could actually understand a majority of what he was saying. He knew that my parents were from Rajkot and that I was Gujarati-American."
  2. ^ a b Cahn, Emily (April 2, 2014). "Ami Bera Challenger Starts Television Ads in California are Race". Roll Call. Archived from the original on April 4, 2014. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
  3. ^ Joseph, Drew (August 14, 2010). "Bera Hopes to Wipe Out Lungren Despite GOP Wave". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
  4. ^ Raj, Yashwant (February 16, 2013). "Yankee Doodle Desi". Hindustan Times. Archived from the original on February 17, 2013. Retrieved August 18, 2013.
  5. ^ "Rep. Bera Statement on Campaign Finance Violation". Bera for Congress. May 10, 2016. Archived from the original on August 21, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
  6. ^ a b c "Amerish 'Ami' Bera". The Washington Times. Archived from the original on January 10, 2013. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
  7. ^ "Ami Bera (CA)". Project Vote Smart. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
  8. ^ "Full Biography: Congressman Ami Bera". Full Biography. Archived from the original on August 8, 2014. Retrieved August 5, 2014.
  9. ^ "Lungren Foe Avoids Primary Battle". National Journal. November 30, 2009. Retrieved September 22, 2010.[permanent dead link]
  10. ^ Joseph, Drew (August 14, 2010). "Bera Hopes to Wipe Out Lungren Despite GOP Wave". San Francisco Chronicle. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
  11. ^ Joseph, Drew (July 20, 2010). "Ami Bera runs as an outsider but raises money like a pro". The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on October 11, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
  12. ^ Hunt, Kasie (July 20, 2010). "Bera beats Lungren in money chase". Politico. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
  13. ^ Bland, Scott (September 27, 2010). "House Republicans at risk? Districts where Democrats hope for upsets". The Christian Science Monitor. Retrieved September 27, 2010.
  14. ^ Van Oot, Torey (September 21, 2010). "CQ Politics moves Lungren seat from leans GOP to "tossup"". The Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on September 25, 2010. Retrieved September 22, 2010.
  15. ^ Trygstad, Kyle (September 23, 2010). "California: Poll Shows Lungren Ahead but Under 50 Percent". Roll Call. Retrieved November 7, 2012.
  16. ^ Miller, Sean J. (September 22, 2010). "Democrat closing on California Rep. Lungren". The Hill. Retrieved September 26, 2010.
  17. ^ "Senate, House and governors races". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 8, 2014.
  18. ^ Rooney, Katie (October 21, 2010). "California's 3rd Congressional District: Dan Lungren vs. Ami Bera". Time. Retrieved July 16, 2018.
  19. ^ a b Tate, Curtis (February 27, 2014). "Elk Grove Democrat Ami Bera will have to fight for a second congressional term". Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on April 15, 2014. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
  20. ^ Thompson, Krissah (November 13, 2012). "Congress welcomes freshmen, and those on the cusp of membership". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
  21. ^ Whittington, Lauren (November 15, 2012). "California:-Bera-Defeats-Lungren". Roll Call. Archived from the original on November 17, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2012.
  22. ^ "Lungren loses his House seat". San Francisco Chronicle. November 15, 2012. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
  23. ^ Cadelago, Christopher (June 4, 2014). "Bera, Ose headed for a fight over 7th congressional district". Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on August 2, 2014. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  24. ^ Livingston, Abby (March 5, 2013). "DCCC Announces 26 Members on Frontline Incumbent Retention Program". Roll Call. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  25. ^ Titus, Elizabeth (June 14, 2014). "Ami Bera will face Doug Ose in Sacramento-area district". Politico. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  26. ^ Palmer, Chris (May 14, 2014). "Candidates' parents' mutual donations". The Philadelphia Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved October 6, 2014.
  27. ^ Taylor, Jessica (May 13, 2014). "Campaign Overnight: House of cards". The Hill. Retrieved July 28, 2014.
  28. ^ "Babulal Bera's felonies complicate Ami Bera's re-election effort". The Sacramento Bee. May 10, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
  29. ^ Cadelago, Christopher (September 29, 2014). "Rep. Ami Bera works to shed labels in tough re-election fight". Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved September 30, 2014.
  30. ^ a b Magagnini, Stephen (September 24, 2014). "Sacramento Sikhs split with Bera over Indian government's role in 1984 massacre". Sacramento Bee. Archived from the original on October 13, 2014. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  31. ^ Gold, Bryan M. "Sikh PAC declines to endorse Bera". Elk Grove Citizen. Retrieved October 22, 2018.
  32. ^ a b Haniffa, Aziz. "It's hard to believe a three-term Indian-American Congressman". India Abroad. Retrieved May 12, 2018.
  33. ^ Miller, Jim (July 13, 2016). "Ami Bera snubbed by California labor group in endorsement list". Sacramento Bee. Retrieved August 5, 2016.
  34. ^ Cockerham, Sean (January 21, 2016). "Rep. Ami Bera's votes leave Democrats debating whether to support him". Sacramento Bee. Retrieved March 23, 2016.
  35. ^ Sohrabji, Sunita. "Rep. Ami Bera Fails to Get Democratic Endorsement in Sacramento". India West. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  36. ^ "Statewide Endorsed Candidate list" (PDF). California Democratic Party. 2016.
  37. ^ Cadelago, Christopher (March 15, 2016). "Ami Bera's Democratic critics say Elk Grove congressman disappoints". The Sacramento Bee. ISSN 0890-5738. Retrieved October 24, 2018.
  38. ^ Myers, John; Bollag, Sophia (August 18, 2016). "Rep. Ami Bera's father sentenced to prison for funneling money to his son's campaigns". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 21, 2018.
  39. ^ "U.S. House of Representatives District 7 – Districtwide Results". California Secretary of State. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
  40. ^ Haniffa, Aziz. "'The Godfather' Speaks". India Abroad. Retrieved May 14, 2018.
  41. ^ 2018 election results
  42. ^ "November 3, 2020, General Election - United States Representative" (PDF). California Secretary of State. Retrieved December 22, 2020.
  43. ^ "Member activity by Ami Bera". Library of Congress. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  44. ^ "H.R.3399 - To amend the Nutria Eradication and Control Act of 2003". Library of Congress. Retrieved August 10, 2024.
  45. ^ Gold, Bryan (December 24, 2013). "Bera discusses first year in office". Elk Grove Citizen. Retrieved August 25, 2014.
  46. ^ Villatoro, Carlos (October 2, 2013). "Congressman Bera Gives Up Pay Earned During Shutdown". Elk Grove Patch. Retrieved May 26, 2014.
  47. ^ Cadelago, Christopher (May 5, 2015). "Ami Bera admits Bee op-ed on trade included 'widely used' statements". Sacramento Bee.
  48. ^ McMorris-Santoro, Evan (May 5, 2015). "California Democrat's Pro-Trade Op-Ed Uses Talking Points Put Out By White House, Others". BuzzFeed. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  49. ^ Bycoffe, Anna Wiederkehr and Aaron (October 22, 2021). "Does Your Member Of Congress Vote With Or Against Biden?". Retrieved October 28, 2021.
  50. ^ "Police nab fox on Capitol Hill after attack on Democratic congressman and other 'encounters'". MSN.
  51. ^ After being bitten by a rabid fox, a congressman wants cheaper rabies treatments, NPR September 29, 2022
  52. ^ Swanson, Ian (August 17, 2014). "Calif. Dems balk at Obama climate talk". TheHill. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  53. ^ Baker, Sam (June 11, 2013). "NRCC hits Calif. Dems over ObamaCare rates". The Hill. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  54. ^ "Final Vote Results for Roll Call 154". House.gov. Retrieved November 4, 2013.
  55. ^ Wire, Sarah D. (November 20, 2015). "Inside the Syrian refugee vote: California representatives explain what shaped their votes". Los Angeles Times.
  56. ^ Haniffa, Aziz (February 5, 2016). "Terror attacks: 'India can be restrained for only so long'". Rediff. Retrieved October 27, 2018.
  57. ^ Haniffa, Aziz. "A new symphony in play". India Abroad. Retrieved May 19, 2018.
  58. ^ Demirjian, Karoun (October 25, 2023). "House Declares Solidarity With Israel in First Legislation Under New Speaker". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved October 30, 2023.
  59. ^ Washington, U. S. Capitol Room H154; p:225-7000, DC 20515-6601 (October 25, 2023). "Roll Call 528 Roll Call 528, Bill Number: H. Res. 771, 118th Congress, 1st Session". Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved October 30, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  60. ^ Rod, Marc (July 24, 2024). "Capitol Hill braces for significant anti-Netanyahu protest". Jewish Insider. Retrieved August 14, 2024.
  61. ^ Almukhtar, Sarah (December 19, 2017). "How Each House Member Voted on the Tax Bill". The New York Times. Retrieved October 23, 2018.
  62. ^ "House passes antitrust bill that hikes M&A fees as larger efforts targeting tech have stalled". CNBC. September 29, 2022.
  63. ^ "H.R. 3843: Merger Filing Fee Modernization Act of 2022 -- House Vote #460 -- Sep 29, 2022".
  64. ^ "Ami Bera". Clerk of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved April 13, 2023.
  65. ^ "Leadership". New Democrat Coalition. Retrieved June 30, 2021.
  66. ^ "Members". Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus. Retrieved May 17, 2018.
  67. ^ "90 Current Climate Solutions Caucus Members". Citizen's Climate Lobby. Retrieved October 20, 2018.
  68. ^ "Members". U.S. - Japan Caucus. Retrieved December 1, 2018.
  69. ^ "Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute".
  70. ^ "Dr. Ami Bera for US House". NARAL Pro-Choice America. February 26, 2016. Retrieved June 26, 2022.
  71. ^ Bera, Ami (June 24, 2022). "The Supreme Court's decision today to overturn Roe v. Wade is a devastating blow to women's rights and reproductive health care". Twitter. Retrieved June 26, 2022.
  72. ^ Bera, Ami. "About Dr. Ami Bera". Bera for Congress. Archived from the original on April 1, 2012. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
  73. ^ "'Aggressive' fox tests positive for rabies after biting nine people outside US Capitol". Sky News. Retrieved April 7, 2022.
  74. ^ Sandstrom, Aleksandra (January 4, 2021). "Faith on the Hill: The religious composition of the 117th Congress". Pew Research Center. Retrieved October 16, 2022.
  75. ^ Primary election: General election:
  76. ^ Primary election: General election:
  77. ^ Primary election: General election:
  78. ^ Primary election: General election:
  79. ^ Primary election: General election:
  80. ^ Primary election: General election:
  81. ^ Primary election: General election:
  82. ^ Primary election:
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U.S. House of Representatives
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from California's 7th congressional district
2013–2023 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from California's 6th congressional district
2023–present 		Incumbent
U.S. order of precedence (ceremonial)
Preceded by United States representatives by seniority
119th 		Succeeded by
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