Evans blue (dye)

Evans blue (dye)
Names
	IUPAC name tetrasodium (6E,6'E)-6,6-[(3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl-4,4'-diyl)di(1E)hydrazin-2-yl-1-ylidene]bis(4-amino-5-oxo-5,6-dihydronaphthalene-1,3-disulfonate)
Identifiers
CAS Number	314-13-6 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:82467 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1200712 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.005.676
KEGG	C19422 ;
MeSH	Evans+blue
PubChem CID	6321418;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID9022815 ;
	SMILES [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)c6cc(c(N)c5c6C=C/C(=N\Nc1ccc(cc1C)c4ccc(N\N=C3/C=Cc2c(cc(c(N)c2C3=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)c(C)c4)C5=O)S([O-])(=O)=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C34H24N6Na4O14S4
Molar mass	960.809
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

T-1824 or Evans Blue, often incorrectly rendered as Evan's Blue, is an azo dye which has a very high affinity for serum albumin. Because of this, it can be useful in physiology in estimating the proportion of body water contained in blood plasma.^[1]

Evans blue dye has been used as a viability assay on the basis of its penetration into non-viable cells, although the method is subject to error because it assumes that damaged or otherwise altered cells are not capable of repair and therefore are not viable.^[2]

Evans blue is also used to assess the permeability of the blood–brain barrier to macromolecules. Because serum albumin cannot cross the barrier, and virtually all Evans Blue is bound to albumin, normally the neural tissue remains unstained.^[3] When the BBB has been compromised, albumin-bound Evans blue enters the CNS. It fluoresces with excitation peaks at 470 and 540 nm and an emission peak at 680 nm.^[4]

Evans blue is pharmacologically active, acting as a negative allosteric modulator of the AMPA and kainate receptors and as an inhibitor of vesicular glutamate transporters.^{[citation needed]} It also acts on P2 receptors.^{[citation needed]}

It was named after Herbert McLean Evans, an American chemist.

References

^ Template:GeorgiaPhysiology
^ Crutchfield A, Diller K, Brand J (1999). "Cryopreservation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyta)". European Journal of Phycology. 34 (1): 43–52. doi:10.1080/09670269910001736072.
^ Hawkins BT, Egleton RD (2006). "Fluorescence imaging of blood–brain barrier disruption". Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 151 (2): 262–7. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.08.006. PMID 16181683.
^ Hed J, Dahlgren C, Rundquist I (1983). "A Simple Fluorescence Technique to Stain the Plasma Membrane of Human Neutrophils". Histochemistry. 79 (1): 105–10. doi:10.1007/BF00494347. PMID 6196326. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

External links

el-Sayed H, Goodall S, Hainsworth R (1995). "Re-evaluation of Evans blue dye dilution method of plasma volume measurement". Clin Lab Haematol. 17 (2): 189–94. PMID 8536425.

[1] Template:GeorgiaPhysiology

[2] Crutchfield A, Diller K, Brand J (1999). "Cryopreservation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Chlorophyta)". European Journal of Phycology. 34 (1): 43–52. doi:10.1080/09670269910001736072.

[3] Hawkins BT, Egleton RD (2006). "Fluorescence imaging of blood–brain barrier disruption". Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 151 (2): 262–7. doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2005.08.006. PMID 16181683.

[4] Hed J, Dahlgren C, Rundquist I (1983). "A Simple Fluorescence Technique to Stain the Plasma Membrane of Human Neutrophils". Histochemistry. 79 (1): 105–10. doi:10.1007/BF00494347. PMID 6196326. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |last-author-amp= ignored (|name-list-style= suggested) (help)

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