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Expedition 16

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Expedition 16
 

Expedition 16 is the 16th expedition to the International Space Station (ISS).[2] The first two crew members, Yuri Malenchenko and Peggy Whitson, launched on October 10 2007, aboard Soyuz TMA-11, and were joined by spaceflight participant Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor, the first Malaysian in space.[3][4]

Expedition 15 Flight Engineer Clayton Anderson did not land with the Soyuz TMA-10, so he was considered part of Expedition 16 for the few weeks prior to the arrival of STS-120.[5] STS-120 launched on October 23, docked on October 25, and replaced Anderson with new Flight Engineer Daniel Tani.[1][6][7] Following docking, the Soyuz seat liners for Anderson and Tani were swapped, and Anderson became part of the STS-120 crew. If STS-122 launches on schedule, the station crew will be joined by Léopold Eyharts, who is scheduled to be launched aboard Atlantis which is targeted for January 24, 2008, replacing Tani.[3][8] The crew will then be joined by Garrett Reisman, who will be launched aboard Endeavour with STS-123, on February 14, 2008, replacing Eyharts. Reisman will join Expedition 16 in progress, and be part of Expedition 17 as well.

Crew

First part (October 2007)

Second part (October to February 2008)

  • Peggy Whitson (2) Commander - NASA
  • Yuri Malenchenko (4) Flight Engineer 1 - RSA
  • Daniel Tani (2) Flight Engineer 2 - NASA

Third part (February 2008 to March 2008)

  • Peggy Whitson (2) Commander - NASA
  • Yuri Malenchenko (4) Flight Engineer 1 - RSA
  • Léopold Eyharts* (2) Flight Engineer 2 - ESA (France)

Fourth part (March to April 2008)

  • Peggy Whitson (2) Commander - NASA
  • Yuri Malenchenko (4) Flight Engineer 1 - RSA
  • Garrett Reisman** (1) - Flight Engineer 2 - NASA

*Participation in Expedition 16 is contingent upon the launch of STS-122.

**Participation in Expedition 16 is contingent upon the launch of STS-123.

(#) number of spaceflights each crew member has completed, including this mission.

Back-up crew

Mission details

Expedition 16 is the first ISS mission to include two crew members who have served on a previous expedition, and the first time a former commander (Malenchenko) returned as a flight engineer.[5] Whitson is the first female commander of an ISS expedition,[5][9] and with STS-120 commanded by female astronaut Pamela Melroy, it marked the first time that two female mission commanders were in orbit simultaneously.[10][11][12] On her first expedition, Whitson implemented a "Friday night movie night" to help the crew wind down at the end of the week, and plans to keep the custom of adding some levity to the station going for Expedition 16.[13] Anderson incorporated some entertainment into the daily planning conference with the ground, quizzing the ground team on a wide variety of subjects, and Michael Lopez-Alegria did a similar activity with movie and music trivia.[13]

STS-120

The first major objective of the increment was accomplished successfully on October 26, when the crew of STS-120 delivered the Harmony module, and attached it to a temporary location on the Unity node.[14][15] The new addition added over Template:Ft3 to m3 to the station's living volume.[16] The joint crews also moved the P6 truss, and relocated it from its position on top of the station, to its final port-side position, during the third of four spacewalks.

Configuration of Harmony

Expedition commander Peggy Whitson during the increment's third EVA. Behind Whitson, is the Destiny Laboratory Module, and Harmony.

Following the departure of STS-120, a series of Extra-vehicular activity (EVA) and robotic activities were carried out to move the Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA-2) from the end of the Destiny laboratory, to the end of Harmony. Whitson and Malenchenko carried out the increment's first EVA on November 9, that prepared the docking port for relocation.[17] On November 12, Whitson and Tani used the station's Mobile Servicing System (robotic arm) to detach the docking port, and relocated it to the forward port of Harmony.[18] On November 14, the Tani and Whitson again used the robotic arm and moved Harmony from its temporary location, to its permanent location on the forward port of Destiny.[19]

On November 20, Whitson and Tani completed the second EVA for the increment, a 7-hour, 16-minute spacewalk to outfit the Harmony node in its new position. All tasks were accomplished, and three get-ahead tasks were performed.[20] On November 24, Whitson and Tani completed the third EVA for the increment, a 7 hour, 4 minute spacewalk to complete the outfitting of Harmony. All task were accomplished, and photographic inspection of the starboard Solar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ) was performed, as well as some ISS maintenance get-ahead tasks.[21][22]

Milestones

On December 18, 2007, during the fourth spacewalk of Expedition 16 to inspect the S4 starboard Solar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ), the ground team in Mission Control informed Whitson that she had become the female astronaut with the most cumulative EVA time in NASA history, as well as the most EVAs, with her fifth EVA. Three hours and 37 minutes into the spacewalk, Whitson surpassed NASA astronaut Sunita Williams with a total time at that point of 29 hours and 18 minutes.[23][24] At the completion of Whitson's fifth EVA, the 100th in support of ISS assembly and maintenance, Whitson's cumulative EVA time became 32 hours, and 36 minutes, which placed her in 20th place for total EVA time.[24]

Extra-vehicular activity

See also: List of spacewalks and moonwalks, List of ISS spacewalks, and Extra-vehicular activity
EVA # Spacewalkers Start (UTC) End (UTC) Duration Notes
EVA 1 Peggy Whitson
Yuri Malenchenko 		November 9, 2007
09:54 		November 9,
16:49 		6 hours, 55 minutes SSPTS cable disconnect and stowage, PMA-2 umbilical stowage, Node 2 avionics umbilical temp stowed.[17]
EVA 2 Whitson
Daniel M. Tani 		November 20, 2007
10:10 		November 20,
17:26 		7 hours, 16 minutes External configuration of PMA-2 and Harmony: Fluid, electrical, and data line hookups, avionics line hookup, heater cable hookups, Fluid tray relocation.[20][25]
EVA 3 Whitson
Tani 		November 24, 2007
09:50 		November 24,
16:54 		7 hours, 04 minutes Completion of fluid, electrical, and data line hookups for PMA-2 and Harmony. Loop B Fluid Tray connection to port side of Destiny. Photographic analysis of starboard Solar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ) to assist with troubleshooting on the ground, re-installation of CETA cart from a temporary stowage location.[22][21]
EVA 4 Whitson
Tani 		December 18, 2007
09:50 		December 18,
16:46 		6 hours, 56 minutes Inspection of the S4 starboard Solar Alpha Rotary Joint (SARJ), and a Beta Gimbal Assembly (BGA). The EVA is the 100th in support of building the International Space Station.[26][24]

References

  1. ^ a b NASA (2007). "STS-120". National Aeronautics and Space Administration. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  2. ^ RIA Novosti (2007). "Space station Expedition 16 crew approved". RIA Novosti. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  3. ^ a b c NASA (2007). "NASA Announces Three International Space Station Crews". NASA. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  4. ^ SpaceDaily (2007). "Expedition 16 Crew To Launch From Baikonur". Space Travel Exploration and Tourism - SpaceDaily. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  5. ^ a b c Tariq Malik (2007). "Space Station Astronauts Prepare for Crew Swap". Space.com. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  6. ^ William Harwood (2007). "Discovery docks with space station". CBS News. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  7. ^ UPI (2007). "Discovery successfully docks at the ISS". United Press International. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  8. ^ Spacefacts (2007). "Expedition 16". Spacefacts. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  9. ^ Tariq Malik (2007). "Astronauts Ponder State of Space Exploration". Fox News. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  10. ^ NASA (2007). "Female Space Commanders Available for Interviews". NASA. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  11. ^ Tariq Malik (2007). "Female commanders set for landmark mission". MSNBC. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ Internet Broadcasting Systems, Inc. (2007). "History In Space: 2 Women Commanders". Local6.com Internet Broadcasting Systems, Inc. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  13. ^ a b Gina Sunseri (2007). "Space Boredom Busters: Movies, Music, Jokes". ABC News - Associated Press. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ William Harwood for CBS News (2007). "Harmony module pulled from cargo bay". Spaceflight Now. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ John Schwartz (2007). "New Room Added to Space Station". The New York Times. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ Liz Austin Peterson (2007). "Astronauts Attach Space Station Addition". ABC News / The Associated Press. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ a b NASA (2007). "Station Spacewalk Prepares for PMA, Harmony Moves". NASA. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ Frank Morring, Jr. (2007). "ISS Crew Moves Harmony Node". Aviation Week. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ NASA (2007). "Harmony Moved to Front of Space Station". NASA. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ a b NASA (2007). "Spacewalkers Harmonize on Node Hookup Tasks". NASA. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  21. ^ a b NASA (2007). "Spacewalkers Complete More Harmony Hookup Work". NASA. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  22. ^ a b NASA (2007). "ISS On-Orbit Status report 11/24/07". NASA. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ Tariq Malik (2007). "Space Station Commander Breaks Spacewalking Record". Space.com. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ a b c NASA (2007). "Spacewalkers Find No Solar Wing Smoking Gun". NASA. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help) Cite error: The named reference "evarecords" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  25. ^ NASA (2007). "International Space Station Daily Report: 11/20/07". NASA. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  26. ^ Associated Press (2007). "Astronauts Take Spacewalk to Inspect Defective Solar Wing Mechanisms". Fox News. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
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