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Hot pot

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This article is about East Asian varieties of stew. For other uses, see Hot pot (disambiguation).
Hot pot
A common hotpot preparation: raw foods ready to be cooked, with hot broth at the center of the table.
CourseMain dishes
Place of originChina
Main ingredientsMeat, leaf vegetables, mushrooms, dumplings, and seafood
Hot pot
"Hotpot" in Traditional (top) and Simplified (bottom) Chinese characters
Traditional Chinese火鍋
Simplified Chinese火锅
Literal meaning"fire pot"
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyinhuǒguō
IPA[xwò.kwó]
Wu
Shanghainese
Romanization		Huhku (hu33ku44)
Southern Min
Hokkien POJHué-ko
Cantonese name
Traditional Chinese打邊爐 or 打甂爐
Simplified Chinese打边炉 or 打甂炉
Transcriptions
Yue: Cantonese
Yale RomanizationDá-bīn-lòuh
JyutpingDaa2-bin1-lou4

Hot pot, or hotpot (Chinese: 火锅), also known as steamboat, is a Chinese cooking method, prepared with a simmering pot of soup stock at the dining table, containing a variety of East Asian foodstuffs and ingredients. While the hot pot is kept simmering, ingredients are placed into the pot and are cooked at the table, in a manner similar to fondue. Typical hot pot dishes include thinly sliced meat, leaf vegetables, mushrooms, wontons, egg dumplings, tofu, and seafood. The cooked food is usually eaten with a dipping sauce.

History

Archeological evidence shows that the earliest hot pots appeared around the Han dynasty. Diners among the nobility each had a personal pot. The pot was made of bronze, and named "Ran Lu" (Chinese: 燃炉). The main part of "Ran Lu" was a stove for carbon burning, with a plate for carbon dust under and a small pot above. Later, during the Qing dynasty, hot pot became popular among the emperors. In particular, the Qianlong Emperor was very fond of hot pot, and would eat it for almost every meal. Later, the Jiaqing Emperor also had a banquet with 1550 hot pots at his coronation. Empress Dowager Cixi was also known to have enjoyed hot pot, especially in the winter months.[1]

Popularity

There are many reasons why hot pot gained popularity among the Chinese. One folklore mentions that the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing dynasty enjoyed hot pot and had it frequently. When hosting banquets in the palace, the Qianlong Emperor always asked the servants to prepare hot pots. His son, the Jiaqing Emperor, also liked hot pot. On the day the Jiaqing Emperor ascended the throne, he set more than 1,500 tables of hot pots to celebrate. Having heard of the emperors’ love for hot pot, the common people desired to try it out as well and thereafter hot pot became popular among the masses.

Another suggested reason is that hot pot has the power to enhance friendship and unite family members or colleagues. Several people sit around a pot, talking and eating. The warm air is also considered to make people comfortable.[2]

Common ingredients

Regional variations

China

Different kinds of hot pots can be found in Chongqing and Sichuan – typically, more modern eateries offer the sectioned bowl with differently flavored broths in each section. More traditional or older establishments serve a fragrant, mild broth in the hot pot, which is a large brass vessel heated by burning coals in a central chimney. The broth is boiled in a deep, donut-shaped bowl surrounding the chimney.

One of the most famous variations is the Chongqing hot pot (Chinese: 麻辣 "numb and spicy") , to which Sichuan pepper (Chinese: 花椒 huā jiāo "flower pepper"; also known as "prickly ash") is added. It is usual to use a variety of different meats as well as sliced mutton fillet. A Chongqing hotpot is markedly different from the types eaten in other parts of China. Quite often the differences lie in the meats used, the type of soup base, and the sauces and condiments used to flavor the meat. The typical dipping sauce contains sesame oil and is mixed with crushed fresh garlic and chopped spring onions.

Má là huǒ guō could be used to distinguish from simply huǒ guō in cases when people refer to the "Northern Style Hot Pot" in China. Instant-boiled mutton (Chinese: 涮羊肉; pinyin: Shuàn Yángròu) could be viewed as representative of this kind of food, which does not focus on the soup base.

Sichuan also has a number of dry hot pots such as "Malaxiangguo" which are similar to those described above, but lack the soup base. Otherwise, similar ingredients are used and the dish served in a similar manner.

In neighbouring Yunnan, although spicy broths are equally popular, there is another predominant type of hot pot that is made with various wild or planted mushrooms. The big difference between the mushroom hot pot and the spicy hot pot is that the former rarely uses spice and chili in order to keep the original flavor of the mushrooms. The mushroom hot pot is also seasonal, depending on the availability of local mushrooms.

The Manchu hot pot (Chinese: 東北酸菜火鍋) uses plenty of suan cai (Chinese sauerkraut) (Chinese: 酸菜; pinyin: suān cài) to make the pot's stew sour.

A Cantonese variation includes mixing a raw egg with the condiments to reduce the amount of "heat" absorbed by the food, thereby reducing the likelihood of a sore throat after the steamboat meal, according to Chinese herbalist theories.

In Hubei cuisine, hot pot is normally prepared with hot spice and Sichuan pepper. Items supplied to be cooked in this broth include mushrooms, thinly shaved beef or lamb, lettuce, and various other green vegetables.

In Hainan cuisine hot pot is generally served in small woks with a prepared broth containing pieces of meat. At the time of serving, the meat is not fully cooked. Approximately fifteen minutes is required before it is ready to eat. Items supplied to be cooked in this type of hot pot include mushrooms, thinly shaved beef or goat meat (referred to as mutton), lettuce, and other green vegetables. This dish varies somewhat in different parts of the province. Coconut milk and juice is commonly added into the hot pot.

In Jiangsu and Zhejiang cuisine (Huaiyang cuisine), chrysanthemums are cooked in the broth to give it a floral essence.

Japan

In Japan, hot pot dishes are called nabemono. There are dozens of varieties of hot pots, and each hot pot has a distinguished flavor and style.

Sukiyaki is one of the most popular hot pot dishes among the Japanese, and undoubtedly the most well-known Japanese hot pot overseas, particularly in English-speaking parts of the world. Sukiyaki hot pot is served with sliced beef, vegetables and tofu in a sweet sauce based on soy sauce, which is only used in small amounts, enough for the ingredients to merge in a shallow iron pot. Before being eaten, the ingredients are usually dipped in a small bowl of raw, beaten eggs.

Shabu-shabu is another popular hot pot in Japan. Shabu-shabu hot pot is prepared by submerging a very thin slice of meat or a piece of vegetable in a pot of broth made with kelp (kombu) and swishing it back and forth several times. The familiar swishing sound is where the dish gets its name. Shabu-shabu directly translates to "swish swish." Cooked meat and vegetables are usually dipped in ponzu or goma (sesame seed) sauce before eating. Once the meat and vegetables have been eaten, leftover broth from the pot is customarily combined with the remaining rice, and the resulting soup is usually eaten last.

Because the shabu-shabu hot pot cooks beef "blue rare" to rare, use of high-grade Japanese beef is preferred. Typically, shabu-shabu is considered a fine dining dish, due to the quality of the meat used, and the price charged for it at restaurants in Japan.

Both sukiyaki and shabu-shabu, rice or noodle is cooked with remained broth along with additional ingredients at the very end of the meal. This menu is called shime, ending the meal. Traditionally, hot pots are considered fall and winter dishes.

Other regions

In Cambodia, hot pot is called Yao Hon (យ៉ាវហន) or other regions call it Chhnang Pleurng (ឆ្នាំងភ្លើង), which literally translates to Pot Fire. It is usually eaten during celebrations or family gatherings. Just like the Chinese Hot Pot, Cambodian hot pot consist of all the same ingredients although the dish differs in that coconut milk is used as the base of the soup. Another variation of the dish is called "Buttered Yao Hon" or "Buttered Chhnang Pleurng" where all the same ingredients are used but except cooking in coconut milk soup it is cooked on a flat grill pan where butter is used as the base. It is similar to the Korean Barbecue. An herb sauce usually assist with the "Buttered Yao Hon" since all the ingredients are not flavored.[3]

Taiwanese hot pot (usually called 火鍋 in Mandarin or Taiwanese) is also called shabu-shabu (涮涮鍋) when the food is prepared in Japanese style.[citation needed] It is very common to eat the food with a dipping sauce consisting of shacha sauce and raw egg yolk.[citation needed]

In Thailand, hotpot is called Thai suki, although it is quite different from the Japanese shabu-shabu variation called sukiyaki. Originally a Chinese-style hot pot, the number of ingredients to choose from was greatly increased and a Thai-style dipping sauce with chili sauce, chilli, lime, and coriander leaves was added. Another variation is Mu kratha, the Thai hot pot, which originated from Korean barbecue combined with Thai suki.[4]

In Vietnam, a hot pot is called lẩu or cù lao, and the sour soup called canh chua is often cooked in hot pot style (called lẩu canh chua). The generic term for a salted fish hot pot is lẩu mắm.

In the Philippines, the term Hot Pot has a different meaning and context when it comes to Chinese-Influenced Filipino Cuisines. Usually served by Chinese Restaurants (particularly Harbour City Dimsum among others), the Hot Pot is literally a huge pot (with cover) filled with cooked rice, choices of beef, pork or chicken slices, special sauce and choice vegetables such as broccoli, carrots, shallots, gingers, pechay, kangkong leaves and spices and some slices of hard-boiled eggs on top and is usually served piping hot and is to be accompanied by other Filipino Dimsum Favorites and drinks.[5][6]

A hot pot restaurant in Johor, Malaysia.
  • A hot pot with various ingredients cooking
    A hot pot with various ingredients cooking
  • Spicy hot pot broth in Chongqing style.
    Spicy hot pot broth in Chongqing style.
  • A Yin-Yang hotpot with both spicy and non-spicy broths
    A Yin-Yang hotpot with both spicy and non-spicy broths
  • Steamboat with raw ingredients
    Steamboat with raw ingredients
  • Combination of hot-pot and barbecue
    Combination of hot-pot and barbecue
  • Sukiyaki ingredients ready for cooking
    Sukiyaki ingredients ready for cooking

See also

References

  1. ^ "火锅为什么如此受欢迎？这背后不可不知的故事_美食". www.sohu.com. 2018-10-25. Retrieved 2018-11-23.
  2. ^ "重庆火锅为什么这么受欢迎_搜狗指南". zhinan.sogou.com. Retrieved 2018-11-23.
  3. ^ Srey, Kim. "Mami-Eggroll: "Yow Hon" for Two". mami-eggroll.com.
  4. ^ MooJaa, Mookata Thai BBQ Steamboat, 19. October 2015.
  5. ^ "Restaurants and Restaurant Reservations - OpenTable". www.foodspotting.com.
  6. ^ "harbor city dimsum - Foodie Travels Cebu". foodietravelscebu.wordpress.com.
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