List of assassinations in Europe
Appearance
This is a list of assassinations which took place on the continent of Europe.
For the purposes of this article, an assassination is defined as the deliberate, premeditated murder of a prominent figure, often for religious or political reasons.
Albania
Austria
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1913 | Franz Schuhmeier, socialist member of parliament | Paul Kunschak | |
1916 | Count Karl von Stürgkh, Minister-President of Austria | Friedrich Adler | |
1925 | Hugo Bettauer, journalist and writer, critic of antisemitism | Otto Rothstock, Austrian Nazi Party member | |
1934 | Engelbert Dollfuss, Chancellor of Austria[1] | Paul Hudl, Otto Planetta and other Austrian Nazis | Part of a failed coup d'état, the July Putsch. |
1936 | Moritz Schlick, German philosopher | Johann Nelböck, student | Shot at the University of Vienna |
1975 | Daniş Tunalıgil, Turkish ambassador | Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide | |
1989 | Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou, dissident Kurdish Iranian political leader | Sahra-roodi and others, Islamic republic of Iran Intelligence agency | Killed in Vienna on the negotiation table |
1999 | Horst Ludwig Meyer, alleged RAF-member (German) | Austrian police unit | Executed, Vienna, unarmed [citation needed] |
2009 | Umar Israilov, Former bodyguard of Ramzan Kadyrov | Chechen criminal group, ordered by Ramzan Kadyrov |
Belarus
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1943 | Wilhelm Kube, German Nazi Generalkommissar for Weissruthenien (Belarus) | Yelena Mazanik | Killed in Minsk. |
Belgium
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1127 | Charles I, Count of Flanders | ||
1950 | Julien Lahaut, chairman of the Communist Party of Belgium | Belgian royalists | Shot in his home town of Seraing. |
1971 | Maximiliano Gómez, Dominican communist leader | Poisoned by his lover in Brussels. | |
1990 | Gerald Bull, Canadian developer of the Martlet cannon | Shot outside his apartment in Brussels. | |
1991 | André Cools, Belgian politician | Killed in Liège. |
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
June 28, 1914 | Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie | Gavrilo Princip | This assassination played a role in starting World War I[1] |
1993 | Hakija Turajlić, deputy prime minister |
Bulgaria
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1895 | Stefan Stambolov, former Prime Minister of Bulgaria | Died in Sofia after being stabbed. | |
1907 | Dimitar Petkov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria | Killed in Sofia. | |
1923 | Aleksandar Stamboliyski, Prime Minister of Bulgaria | Killed in his home town of Slavovitsa. | |
1943 | Hristo Lukov, soldier and rightist politician | ||
1995 | Vasil Iliev, insurance boss, owner of "VIS-2", former wrestler | Shot while being driven in Sofia. | |
October 2, 1996 | Andrey Lukanov, former Prime Minister of Bulgaria[2] | Shot outside his apartment in Sofia. | |
2003 | Iliya Pavlov, president of Multigroup corporation, former wrestler, the wealthiest man in Bulgaria | Shot outside his office in Sofia. | |
2005 | Georgi Iliev, football club owner, brother of the assassinated Vasil Iliev | Shot in a restaurant in Sunny Beach. | |
2005 | Emil Kyulev, banker, ex-professional swimmer, voted Mr. Economics in Bulgaria for 2002 | Shot while driving along Boulevard Bulgaria in Sofia. | |
2006 | Ivan "Doktora" Todorov, businessman alleged of smuggling | ||
2008 | Borislav Georgiev, CEO of "Atomenergoremont" nuclear plant repair company |
Croatia
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
480 | Julius Nepos, Roman emperor | Assassinated near Salona (modern Solin). | |
1931 | Milan Šufflay, nationalist writer | ||
1933 | Josip Predavec, politician | ||
1991 | Ante Paradžik, politician |
Cyprus
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1970 | Polykarpos Giorkatzis, government minister | ||
1974 | Rodger Paul Davies, United States ambassador |
Czech Republic
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
921 | Saint Ludmila, wife of Duke Bořivoj, grandmother of Duke Václav I | Tunna and Gomon | Tunna and Gomon were Viking warriors hired by Ludmila's daughter-in-law Drahomíra I., they killed Ludmila by strangulation |
935 | Václav I (Saint Wenceslas), Duke of Bohemia | Stabbed to death in Stará Boleslav | |
1306 | Václav III, King of Bohemia | Killed in Olomouc. | |
1634 | Albrecht von Wallenstein, Bohemian Generalissimo during the Thirty Years' War | Walter Devereux | Stabbed to death in Cheb. |
1923 | Alois Rašín, Minister of Finances of Czechoslovakia | Josef Šoupal | Shot in Prague. |
1923 | Rayko Daskalov, Bulgarian politician | Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization | |
1927 | Ceno Kryeziu, Albanian ambassador in Prague | Alqiviadh Bebi | Shot in Prague. |
1942 | Reinhard Heydrich, a General in the Nazi German paramilitary corps and governor of occupied Czech lands | Jan Kubiš, Jozef Gabčík | Died after being wounded by a bomb thrown at him as he was being driven through Libeň near Prague. The massacre of Lidice followed as a retribution by the Nazis. A legend has it that he deliberately put the Crown of Bohemia on his head beforehand, meaning an untimely death. |
2006 | František Mrázek, controversial Czech entrepreneur | Shot to heart by a sniper |
Denmark
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1086 | Canute IV, King of Denmark | ||
1286 | Erik V Klipping, King of Denmark |
Finland
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1904 | Nikolai Ivanovich Bobrikov, Governor-General of Finland | Eugen Schauman | Happens on day described in James Joyce's novel Ulysses, is briefly mentioned in the book. |
1905 | Eliel Soisalon-Soininen, attorney General | Lennart Hohenthal | |
1911 | Valde Hirvikanta, president of Turku Court of Appeal | Bruno Forsström | |
1922 | Heikki Ritavuori, Minister of the Interior of Finland | Ernst Tandefelt |
France
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1354 | Charles d'Espagne, constable of France | ||
1358 | Étienne Marcel, Parisian merchant | ||
1407 | Louis of Valois, Duke of Orléans | ||
1419 | John the Fearless | ||
1572 | Gaspard de Coligny | ||
1589 | Henri III, King of France | Jacques Clément | Religious-political antagonism. |
1610 | Henri IV, King of France | François Ravaillac | Religious-political antagonism. |
1617 | Concino Concini, chief minister | ||
1789 | Jacques de Flesselles, Provost of Paris | ||
1793 | Jean-Paul Marat, revolutionary | Charlotte Corday | Stabbed in his bathtub. Later often seen as a patriotic act.[by whom?] |
February 13, 1820 | Charles Ferdinand, Duke of Berry, younger son of the future King Charles X | Louis Pierre Louvel | |
June 24, 1894 | Marie François Sadi Carnot, President of France | Sante Geronimo Caserio, anarchist | Stabbed to death after a speech in Lyon. |
July 30, 1914 | Jean Jaurès, politician, pacifist[3] | Raoul Villain | Killed in Paris. The assassin was tried and acquitted in 1919. |
1920 | Esat Toptani, former Albanian leader | Avni Rustemi | |
1926 | Symon Petlyura, Ukrainian president-in-exile | Sholom Schwartzbard | Killed in Paris. The jury acquitted the murderer[4]. |
May 6, 1932 | Paul Doumer, President of France | Paul Gorguloff | Shot at a book fair at the Hôtel Salomon de Rothschild, Paris.[1] |
1934 | Alexander I of Yugoslavia, king of Yugoslavia | Vlado Chernozemski | Killed in Marseille during a state visit. |
1934 | Louis Barthou, foreign minister of France | Vlado Chernozemski | Killed along with King Alexander I of Yugoslavia at Marseille. |
1938 | Ernst vom Rath, German diplomat in France | Herschel Grynszpan | Killed in Paris. |
1941 | Marx Dormoy, politician | ||
1944 | Constant Chevillon, head of FUDOFSI | Killed by Gestapo in Lyon | |
1944 | Philippe Henriot, State secretary for Information and Propaganda of Vichy government | Killed by French resistants in Paris | |
1944 | Georges Mandel, former radical-socialist minister and French resistant | Killed by miliciens in forest of Fontainebleau | |
1944 | Eugène Deloncle, milicien and former leader of clandestine far-right organisation La Cagoule | Killed by Gestapo | |
1965 | Mehdi Ben Barka, Moroccan socialist leader and Third-World Tricontinental leader | Disappeared in Paris | |
December 8, 1972 | Mahmoud Hamshari, Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) representative in Paris | Mossad, Israeli Secret Service | Killed in his apartment by a bomb planted in his telephone as he answered a call in retribution for the Black September attack and killing of Israeli athletes in the Munich Massacre at the 1972 Summer Olympics, the second of a number of revenges pursuant to Operation Wrath of God. |
1973 | Outel Bono, Chadian medical doctor and anti-Tombalbaye activist | Shot while climbing into his car in Paris by unknown hand. | |
June 28, 1973 | Mohammad Boudia, the Algerian-born director of operations for Black September in France | Mossad, Israeli Secret Service | Killed in Paris by a pressure-activated bomb packed with heavy nuts and bolts placed under his car seat as part of Operation Wrath of God. |
1975 | İsmail Erez, Turkish ambassador | Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia | |
1976 | Jean de Broglie, former minister and one of the French negotiators of the Évian Accords | ||
1978 | François Duprat, neofascist writer | ||
1978 | Henri Curiel, anticolonialist activist | Shot in Paris by unknown hand. | |
1978 | Bruno Bušić, Croatian/Yugoslav writer | Yugoslav secret police | |
1978 | José Miguel Beñaran Ordeñana "Argala", Basque leader | Killed by a bomb in Anglet, allegedly planted by the Batallón Vasco Español. | |
1979 | Pierre Goldman, left-wing activist | Shot in Paris by unknown hand. | |
1979 | Robert Boulin, minister of Labor and many times minister since 1961 | Officially suicide, but a lot of anomalies revealed since. | |
1979 | Zuhair Muhsin, Palestinian political leader | ||
1980 | Joseph Fontanet, former minister | Killed in Paris. | |
1980 | Salah al-Din Bitar, Syrian Baath politician | Killed in Paris. | |
1980 | Yehia El-Mashad, Egyptian atomic scientist | Shot at the Le Méridien hotel in Paris. | |
1982 | Jean-Pierre Maïone-Libaude, right-wing activist and criminal | Shot at Argent-sur-Sauldre soon after being released from prison. | |
July 23, 1982 | Fadl Dani, deputy director of the PLO office in Paris | Mossad, Israeli Secret Service | Killed in Paris by a bomb that had been placed in his car as part of Operation Wrath of God. |
1986 | Georges Besse, Renault executive | Shot while emerging from his car in Paris, by far-left activists of Action directe | |
1988 | Dulcie September, African National Congress representative | Killed in Paris. | |
1990 | Joseph Doucé, activist for sexual minorities | Corpse found in Rambouillet forest; murder remains unsolved | |
1991 | Shapour Bakhtiar, Prime Minister of Iran briefly in 1979. Killed along with his secretary and soon after Abdorrahman Boroumand. | Stabbed to death at his home in France. | |
1995 | Abdelbaki Sahraoui, co-founder of the Algerian Islamic Salvation Front | Killed in Paris. | |
1998 | Claude Érignac, prefect of Corsica | Yvan Colonna | Shot in Ajaccio by a Corsican nationalist. |
2013 | Sakine Cansız, Fidan Doğan and Leyla Söylemez, Kurdish nationalists | Shot at Rue La Fayette, Paris |
Georgia
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1994 | Giorgi Chanturia, Georgian opposition politician | Chanturia and his wife were shot by four gunmen in their car | |
2007 | Guram Sharadze, Georgian historian and politician | He was assassinated in Tbilisi |
Germany
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
235 | Alexander Severus, Roman emperor | Killed near Moguntiacum (present-day Mainz) by his troops. | |
268 | Postumus, Gallic emperor | Killed in Mainz | |
268 | Laelianus, Gallic emperor | Killed in Mainz | |
1208 | Philipp von Hohenstaufen, Emperor, in Bamberg | ||
1225 | Engelbert I. von Köln, Archbishop of Cologne | ||
1233 | Konrad von Marburg, inquisitor | ||
1819 | August von Kotzebue, dramatist | Karl Ludwig Sand | |
1919 | Rosa Luxemburg, socialist writer | Killed in Berlin. | |
1919 | Karl Liebknecht, socialist lawyer and politician | Killed in Berlin. | |
1919 | Kurt Eisner, Prime Minister of Bavaria | Anton Graf von Arco auf Valley | Killed in Munich. |
1919 | Leo Jogiches, Marxist revolutionary | ||
1919 | Hugo Haase, socialist politician | ||
1921 | Talat Pasha, former Ottoman Minister of Interior Affairs | Soghomon Tehlirian | Killed in Berlin. |
1921 | Matthias Erzberger, politician | Members of Organisation Consul | Shot at Bad Griesbach. |
1922 | Bahattin Şakir, Turkish genocide suspect | Armenian Revolutionary Federation | |
June 24, 1922 | Walther Rathenau, German foreign minister[3] | Ernst Werner Techow, Erwin Kern and Hermann Fischer | Shot as he was being driven through Berlin by assassins in another car. |
1934 | Ernst Röhm, leader of the Sturm Abteilung (SA) | Michael Lippert | Shot in Stadelheim Prison by SS officers during the Night of the Long Knives. |
1934 | Kurt von Schleicher, former German chancellor | SS officers | Murdered at Babelsberg by the SS during the Night of the Long Knives. His wife Elisabeth was also killed. |
1934 | Erich Klausener, politician | Night of the Long Knives | |
1934 | Gregor Strasser, politician | Night of the Long Knives | |
1957 | Lev Rebet, Ukrainian nationalist leader | Bohdan Stashynsky, KGB | Poisoned by cyanide gas in Munich. |
1959 | Stepan Bandera, Ukrainian nationalist leader | Bohdan Stashynsky, KGB | Poisoned by cyanide gas in Munich. |
1961 | Salah Ben Youssef, Tunisian politician | Shot in a hotel in Frankfurt. | |
1967 | Benno Ohnesorg, German student | Karl-Heinz Kurras, German police officer | Shot during a demonstration in West-Berlin |
1970 | Krim Belkacem, Algerian politician | Shot in a hotel in Frankfurt. | |
1971 | Georg von Rauch, German student and activist | German police officer | Shot during his arrest in West-Berlin |
1971 | Petra Schelm, German activist | German police officer | Shot during her capture in Hamburg |
1972 | Ian Macleod, Scottish businessman, probable secret service agent | German police unit | Shot during a raid |
1977 | Siegfried Buback, German attorney general | Red Army Faction members | Shot while driving his car near Karlsruhe. |
1977 | Jürgen Ponto, CEO Dresdner Bank | Red Army Faction members | Killed in Frankfurt. |
1977 | Hanns-Martin Schleyer, president of the German employers' organization | Red Army Faction members | Kidnapped and later killed. |
1989 | Alfred Herrhausen, Deutsche Bank CEO | Red Army Faction members | Killed by a bicycle bomb as his car passed in Bad Homburg. |
1991 | Detlev Karsten Rohwedder, director of Treuhandanstalt for former East Germany | Red Army Faction members | Killed in Düsseldorf. |
1992 | Sadeq Sharafkandi, Fattah Abdoli, Homayoun Ardalan, Nouri Dehkordi, dissident Kurdish Iranian political leaders | Ordered by Islamic Republic of Iran's leaders Rafsanjani, Khameneye and others | Killed in Berlin (see Mykonos restaurant assassinations). |
1992 | Petra Kelly, Green politician and activist | Allegedly by her partner, ex-general Gert Bastian, who then killed himself | Shot in Bonn while sleeping. |
1993 | Wolfgang Grams, activist | GSG9, a German tactical police unit | Shot during his arrest in Bad Kleinen. |
Greece
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
514 BC | Hipparchus (son of Peisistratos), Tyrant of Athens | Harmodius and Aristogeiton | |
461 BC | Ephialtes, leader of the radical democracy movement in Athens | ||
404 BC | Alcibiades, Athenian general and politician | ||
October, 336 BC | Philip II of Macedon, king of Macedon | Pausanias of Orestis | Assassinated in the theatre of ancient Aegae (present-day Vergina). |
314 BC | Alexander, regent of Macedonia | Alexion, a Siyconian | Killed in Sicyon. |
281 BC | Seleucus I Nicator, founder of the Seleucid dynasty | Killed near Lysimachia. | |
251 BC | Abantidas, tyrant of Sicyon | ||
192 BC | Nabis, Tyrant of Sparta | Aetolian League | |
1831 | Ioannis Kapodistrias, first President of Greece | Konstantinos Mavromichalis and Georgios Mavromichalis | Killed outside Nafplio church. Konstantinos Mavromichalis was thrown over a cliff by the citizens of Nafplio; Georgios Mavromichalis was executed by firing squad. |
June 13, 1905 | Theodoros Deligiannis, Prime Minister of Greece | Antonios Gherakaris | Stabbed outside the Greek parliament. |
March 8, 1907 | Marinos Antypas, Greek politician | Killed at Pyrgetos in Thessaly. | |
1912 | Andreas Kopasis, governor of Samos | ||
March 18, 1913 | George I of Greece, King of Greece[2] | Alexandros Schinas | Shot while walking in Thessaloniki. Possible conspiracy. |
May 1948 | George Polk, American journalist critical of US aid to rightist Greek government | ||
1963 | Grigoris Lambrakis, leader of anti-fascist movement in Greece | Emannouel Emannouilides and Spyro Gotzamanis | Killed with a club in Thessaloniki. |
1975 | Richard Welch, CIA Station Chief | Shot as he was being driven through Athens. | |
1983 | George Tsantes; U.S. military attaché in Athens & deputy chief of the Joint United States Military Aid Group to Greece | Members of Revolutionary Organization 17 November | Killed in Athens. |
1988 | Hagop Hagopian, Armenian leader of ASALA | Killed in Athens. | |
1988 | William Nordeen, Tsantes successor as U.S. military attaché in Athens | Members of Revolutionary Organization 17 November | Killed in Athens. |
1989 | Pavlos Bakoyannis, New Democracy politician | Members of Revolutionary Organization 17 November | Shot outside his office in Athens. |
2000 | Stephen Saunders, Brigadier and British military attaché in Athens | Members of Revolutionary Organization 17 November | Killed by a motorcycle gunman as he was driving in Athens. |
Hungary
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1209 | Csépán Győr, Palatine of Hungary | Tiba Tomaj | Motivation is unclear |
September 28, 1213 | Gertrude of Merania, queen consort | Group of Hungarian nobles led by Peter, son of Töre | Stabbed for her blatant favoritism towards her German kinsmen and courtiers |
November 1272 | Béla, Duke of Macsó | Henry Kőszegi | After his murder, his duchy was divided among the leading noble families |
July 10, 1290 | Ladislaus IV, King of Hungary | Three Cumans – Árbóc, Törtel and Kemence | |
October 31, 1918 | István Tisza, Prime Minister of Hungary[3] |
Iceland
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
September 23, 1241 | Snorri Sturluson, historian and politician | Gissur Þorvaldsson |
Ireland
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1014 | Brian Boruma, Irish king | Brodir | Killed while praying in his tent during the aftermath of the Battle of Clontarf. |
1186 | Hugh de Lacy, Lord of Meath | Gilla-Gan-Mathiar O'Maidhaigh | Durrow, County Offaly |
1189 | Conchobar Maenmaige Ua Conchobair, King of Connacht | Manus mac Flann Ua Finaghty, Aodh mac Brian, Muircheartach mac Cathal mac Dermot mac Tadhg, Giolla na Naomh Ua Mulvihill | Assassination instigated by Conchobar ua nDiarmata, a rival for the title of King of Connacht. The victim's son Cathal Carragh Ua Conchobair later killed Conchobar ua nDiarmata in revenge. |
1882 | Lord Frederick Charles Cavendish, Chief Secretary for Ireland | Irish National Invincibles | |
1920 | Tomás Mac Curtain, Lord Mayor of Cork | Auxiliaries and RIC men | Shot in his home by a group of masked men, likely members of the Royal Irish Constabulary. |
1920 | Cairo Gang | Irish Republican Army | 12 British intelligence agents, assassinated on the morning of 21 November 1920 in coordinated attacks. |
1922 | Sean Hales, Pro-Treaty Sinn Féin TD | Anti-Treaty IRA | Killed as he left Dáil Éireann; fellow TD Pádraic Ó Máille was injured in the same attack, which was in reprisal against executions of anti-Treaty prisoners |
1922 | Michael Collins, President of the Provisional Government and Irish Republican Army (IRA) guerrilla leader during the Irish War of Independence[5] | Sonny O'Neill | Killed in an ambush firefight near the end of Irish Civil War. |
1927 | Kevin O'Higgins, Irish politician, Minister of Home Affairs/Minister of Justice of the Irish Free State[3] | Timothy Coughlin, Bill Gannon and Archie Doyle | Killed while on his way to Mass by three anti-Treaty members of the IRA. |
1932 | Patrick Reynolds, Cumann na nGaedheal TD | Joseph Leddy | Shot dead during the 1932 election campaign by an ex-RIC policeman who had a personal grudge against him.[6][7] |
1936 | Henry Boyle Townshend Somerville | Anti-Treaty IRA | Assassinated for providing assistance to Royal Navy recruits. |
1976 | Christopher Ewart-Biggs, British ambassador to Ireland | IRA | Killed by a land mine planted by the IRA. |
1979 | Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, Royal Navy Admiral of the Fleet, last Viceroy of India[2] | IRA | Killed by a bomb onboard his boat; three other people killed, including his grandson. |
1991 | Eddie Fullerton, Sinn Féin county councillor | Ulster Defence Association | Shot at his home in Buncrana |
1994 | Dominic McGlinchey, Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) leader | Shot 14 times while making a call in a phone box. | |
1996 | Veronica Guerin, Irish journalist |
Italy
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
748 BC | Titus Tatius, Sabine king | Killed in Rome. | |
579 BC | Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, Etruscan king of Rome | Killed in Rome by the sons of Ancus Marcius. | |
554 BC | Phalaris, Tyrant of Agrigento | Killed in an uprising led by Telemachus (Acragas) | Killed in Sicily. Said to be burned in his own brazen bull. |
534 BC | Servius Tullius, Etruscan king of Rome | Tarquin II | Killed in Rome. |
439 BC | Spurius Maelius, Wealthy Roman plebeian | Gaius Servilius Ahala | |
354 BC | Dion of Syracuse, tyrant of Syracuse | Calippus of Syracuse | Killed in Sicily |
352 BC | Calippus of Syracuse, tyrant of Syracuse | revolting mercenaries led by Leptines II and Polyperchon | reputedly was stabbed to death with the same sword he assassinated Dion less than two years earlier. |
133 BC | Tiberius Gracchus, Roman tribune | Killed in Rome by Roman senators. | |
91 BC | Marcus Livius Drusus, Roman tribune | Resulted in the Social War. | |
44 BC | Julius Caesar, Roman general and dictator | Marcus Junius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Longinus, and other members of the Roman Senate | Resulted in a series of civil wars and indirectly in the end of the Roman Republic. |
43 BC | Cicero, Roman orator | Killed near Formiae under orders from Mark Antony and with the approval of the Second Triumvirate. | |
41 | Caligula, Roman Emperor | Cassius Chaerea, Marcus Vinicius, Lucius Annius Vinicianus, members of the Praetorian Guard, and others | |
54 | Claudius, Roman Emperor | Uncertain, reputed to be Agrippina the Younger on behalf of Nero | Rumored to be killed by poison mushrooms supplied by Locusta. |
69 | Vitellius, Roman Emperor | Killed in Rome by the Flavian army. | |
69 | Galba, Roman Emperor | Killed in Rome by the Praetorian Guard under orders from Otho. | |
96 | Domitian, Roman Emperor | Stephanus, steward to Julia Flavia | Killed in Rome. |
192 | Commodus, Roman Emperor | Narcissus, wrestler | Killed in Rome. |
193 | Pertinax, Roman Emperor | Killed in Rome by the Praetorian Guard. | |
193 | Didius Julianus, Roman Emperor | Killed in Rome by the Praetorian Guard. | |
212 | Publius Septimius Geta, Roman Emperor | Killed in Rome by centurions under orders of Caracalla. | |
217 | Caracalla, Roman Emperor | Martialis | Killed between Edessa and Carrhae (modern-day Sanli Urfa and Harran), possibly under orders of Macrinus. |
222 | Elagabalus, Roman Emperor | Killed in Rome by the Praetorian Guard under orders of Julia Maesa and Julia Mamaea. | |
238 | Maximinus Thrax, Roman Emperor | Killed outside Aquileia by his troops. | |
238 | Pupienus, Roman Emperor | Killed in Rome by the Praetorian Guard. See Year of the Six Emperors. | |
238 | Balbinus, Roman Emperor | Killed in Rome by the Praetorian Guard. See Year of the Six Emperors. | |
253 | Volusianus, Roman Emperor | Killed near Interamna by his troops. | |
253 | Trebonianus Gallus, Roman Emperor | Killed near Interamna by his troops. | |
275 | Aurelian, Roman Emperor | Mucapor and members of the Praetorian Guard | Killed near Caenophrurium (modern-day Corlu). |
276 | Florianus, Roman Emperor | Killed near Tarsus. | |
882 | Pope John VIII | ||
1052 | Boniface III, Margrave of Tuscany | ||
1345 | Andrew, Duke of Calabria | ||
1412 | Gian Maria Visconti, Duke of Milan[8] | ||
1478 | Giuliano de' Medici, co-ruler of Florence | Francesco de' Pazzi and Bernardo Bandini | Giuliano was stabbed 19 times, in an incident known as the Pazzi conspiracy. Lorenzo de' Medici was also attacked, but escaped with his life. |
1497 | Giovanni Borgia, Duke of Gandia, son of Pope Alexander VI | ||
1537 | Alessandro de' Medici, Duke of Florence | Lorenzino de' Medici | |
1848 | Pellegrino Rossi, Papal States Minister of Justice | ||
July 29, 1900 | Umberto I of Italy, King of Italy[5] | Gaetano Bresci | He was shot four times with a revolver. The reason was the royal decoration of the general Fiorenzo Bava Beccaris, who ordered a bloody repression in Milan in 1898. Influenced Leon Czologsz to kill United States President William McKinley in 1901. |
1921 | Said Halim Pasha, former Ottoman Prime Minister | Arshavir Shirakian | Killed in Rome owing to his alleged role in the Armenian Genocide. |
June 10, 1924 | Giacomo Matteotti, Italian socialist politician[3] | Kidnapped and killed by Fascists. | |
1925 | Luigj Gurakuqi, Albanian independence leader | Baltjon Stambolla | Killed in Bari. |
April 28, 1945 | Benito Mussolini, fascist, former Prime Minister of Italy[9] See: Death of Benito Mussolini |
Walter Audisio and fellow Communists | Shot in the village of Giulino di Mezzegra in Lombardy. His lover Clara Petacci was also killed. |
1962 | Enrico Mattei, Italian public head officer, head of Eni oil company, supported Algerian independence | Died in a plane crash near Bascapè in Lombardy, allegedly caused by a bomb. | |
1972 | Giangiacomo Feltrinelli, Italian publisher and partizan of leftist guerrilla movements | Died during a bomb attack, probably with Italian secret service involvement | |
1975 | Pier Paolo Pasolini, Italian writer, poet and film director | Giuseppe Pelosi | Died in Ostia after being run over by his own car which Pelosi had stolen. |
1977 | Taha Carım, Turkish ambassador to the Holy See | Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide | |
1978 | Aldo Moro, former Prime Minister of Italy | Members of the Red Brigades | Kidnapped and later killed. See Kidnapping of Aldo Moro. |
1978 | Giuseppe Impastato, anti-mafia activist | Members of the Mafia | Killed by a charge of TNT placed under his own body. |
1979 | Cesare Terranova, magistrate | Shot as he was being driven through Palermo. His driver was also killed. | |
1980 | Piersanti Mattarella, Sicilian president | Sicilian Mafia | |
1982 | Pio La Torre, Communist politician | Sicilian Mafia | |
1982 | Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa, General of the Carabinieri Corps, investigating on the Mafia | Giuseppe Greco, Giuseppe Lucchese and members of the Mafia | Shot as he was being driven through Palermo. His wife and their driver were also killed. |
1983 | Rocco Chinnici, magistrate | Giuseppe Greco, Michele Greco and members of the Mafia | Car bombing in Palermo. |
1992 | Giovanni Falcone, anti-mafia judge | Giovanni Brusca | Killed in motorway bombing near Palermo. |
1992 | Paolo Borsellino, anti-mafia judge | Salvatore Riina and members of the Mafia | Car bombing in Palermo, in which five police officers were also killed. See Massacre of Via D'Amelio. |
1992 | Salvo Lima, politician | Members of the Mafia | Shot as he climbed out of his car in Palermo. |
2002 | Marco Biagi, Italian Labor Ministry advisor | Members of the New Red Brigades | Killed in Bologna. |
Kosovo
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
15 June 1389 | Murad I Ottoman sultan | Miloš Obilić | Assassinated in Kosovo Polje. |
1889 | Ali Pasha of Gusinje one of the leaders of League of Prizren | Assassinated in Rugova canyon near Peć. | |
2003 | Tahir Zemaj | Assassinated in Peć. | |
16 January 2018 | Oliver Ivanović | Unknown (investigation underway) | Assassinated in North Mitrovica. |
Latvia
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
30 May 2018 | Mārtiņš Bunkus Bankruptcy administrator | Unknown, under investigation | Assassinated near Brothers' Cemetery in Riga. Was shot dead from a moving truck, while driving. |
Malta
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1995 | Fathi Shaqaqi, Palestinian politician | Mossad | Shot outside a hotel in Sliema. |
2017 | Daphne Caruana Galizia, Journalist and blogger | Unknown (investigation underway) | Killed in a car bomb attack near her home in Bidnija. |
Montenegro
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1860 | Danilo I, Prince of Montenegro | Killed in Kotor (then Austria-Hungary) by a member of Bjelopavlici tribe. | |
1945 | Sekula Drljević, Montenegrin nationalist |
Netherlands
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
754 | Saint Boniface, Christian missionary | ||
1099 | Conrad, Bishop of Utrecht | ||
1296 | Count Floris V | ||
1425 | Duke John of Straubing-Holland | ||
1584 | William I of Orange, leader of the Dutch war of independence from Spanish rule (Eighty Years' War) | Balthasar Gérard | |
1649 | Isaac Dorislaus, diplomat | ||
1672 | Johan de Witt, politician, and his brother | Murdered by orangist lynch mob in The Hague | |
1672 | Cornelis de Witt, politician | Murdered by orangist lynch mob in The Hague | |
1938 | Yevhen Konovalets, Ukrainian nationalist | Pavel Sudoplatov, NKVD | |
1943 | Folkert Posthuma, Nazi collaborator | ||
1945 | Hannie Schaft, underground Resistance fighter | Dutch Nazi officials | Executed in the dunes of Bloemendaal |
1979 | Richard Sykes, British ambassador | Provisional Irish Republican Army | Shot in The Hague |
1987 | Gerrit Jan Heijn, top manager of Ahold | Ferdi Elsas | Kidnapped and later killed. |
2002 | Pim Fortuyn, election candidate | Volkert van der Graaf | Shot in Hilversum. |
2004 | Theo van Gogh, film director, writer and critic | Mohammed Bouyeri | Shot and stabbed in Amsterdam. |
2005 | Louis Sévèke, leftwing journalist | Marcel Theunissen | Shot by rifle gun, downtown Nijmegen. |
Norway
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1136 | Harald IV Gille of Norway, King assassinated by a pretender to the throne | Sigurd Slembe | Slembe claimed he was his half brother and wanted his throne |
Ottoman Empire
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1389 | Murad I, Third Sultan of the Ottoman Empire | Serbian knight Miloš Obilić | Killed during Battle of Kosovo. |
1579 | Sokollu Mehmed Pasha, Grand Vizier of Ottoman Empire | ||
1622 | Osman II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire | ||
January 23, 1913 | Mahmud Şevket Pasha, Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire[3] | ||
1929 | Djemal Pasha, former Ottoman Minister for the Navy | Killed in Istanbul, due to his role in the Armenian Genocide |
Poland
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1079 | Stanislaus of Szczepanów, Bishop of Kraków (now a saint) | ||
December 16, 1922 | Gabriel Narutowicz, President of Poland[3] | Eligiusz Niewiadomski | Killed five days after his inauguration, while attending the opening of an art exhibit at the Zachęta Gallery in Warsaw. |
June 15, 1934 | Bronisław Pieracki, Minister of Interior of Poland | OUN | |
August 29, 1931 | Tadeusz Hołówko, interwar Polish politician, diplomat | OUN | |
1942 | Marceli Nowotko, Communist politician | ||
1943 | Wilhelm Krüger, German chief of Gestapo operations in Nazi-occupied Poland | three fighters of the Polish resistance | Killed in Krakow. |
1943 | Franz Bürkl, German Sicherheitspolizei officer | Jerzy Zborowski and Szare Szeregi-men | See Operation Heads. |
1943 | Helmut Kapp, German Gestapo member | soldiers of the Polish Home Army | See Operation Heads. |
1944 | Karl Freudenthal, German officer of the Schutzstaffel, Kreishauptmann of powiat Garwolin | 20 soldiers of the Polish Home Army | See Operation Heads. |
1944 | Franz Kutschera, German SS general and chief of police | Armia Krajowa | Killed by Polish resistance. See Operation Kutschera. |
1947 | Karol Świerczewski, Army general | Ukrainian Insurgent Army | |
1984 | Jerzy Popiełuszko, Polish priest | Killed by the communist political police. | |
1992 | Piotr Jaroszewicz, former prime minister | ||
1998 | Marek Papała, chief of the police | Believed to have been killed by the Polish mafia. | |
1999 | Andrzej Kolikowski, leader of the Pruszków mafia in Poland | Ryszard Bogucki |
Portugal
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
139 BC | Viriathus, leader of the Lusitanian people that resisted Roman expansion over the regions of Western Iberia | ||
1355 | Inês de Castro, posthumously declared Queen of Portugal | ||
February 1, 1908 | Carlos I of Portugal, King, and Luiz Filipe of Portugal, Crown Prince[3] | Manuel Buíça and Alfredo Luís da Costa | Shot by assassins sympathetic to Republican interests and aided by anti-monarchic society Portuguese Carbonária. |
1918 | Sidónio Pais, President | ||
1921 | António Joaquim Granjo, prime minister | ||
1965 | Humberto Delgado, General, Presidential Candidate | ||
1983 | Issam Sartawi, member of the Palestine Liberation Organization | Shot in a hotel. |
Romania
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1601 | Mihai Viteazul, Ruler of Wallachia, Moldavia and Transylvania | ||
1862 | Barbu Catargiu, Prime Minister of Romania | Killed in Bucharest. | |
1933 | Ion Duca, Prime Minister of Romania | Nicolae Constantinescu | Shot at Sinaia railway station. |
1938 | Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, politician | Members of the Romanian Gendarmerie | Killed in Tâncăbeşti. |
1939 | Armand Călinescu, Prime Minister of Romania[9] | Members of the Iron Guard | Shot while being driven through Bucharest. |
1940 | Nicolae Iorga, former Prime Minister of Romania, historian | Kidnapped and later killed. | |
1940 | Gheorghe Argeșanu, former Prime Minister | Iron Guard | |
1940 | Virgil Madgearu, politician | Kidnapped and later killed. | |
1945 | Constantin Tănase, actor | ||
1989 | Danny Huwe, Belgian journalist | Shot by a sniper during the Romanian Revolution. |
Russia/Soviet Union
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1762 | Peter III of Russia, Emperor of Russia | Unknown | Possibly organized by Catherine the Great | |
1801 | Paul I of Russia, Emperor of Russia | Band of dismissed officers led by Levin August, Count von Bennigsen, Vladimir Mikhailovich Yashvil, Nikolay Zubov and others | Organized by Peter Ludwig von der Pahlen, Nikita Petrovich Panin and José de Ribas | |
1825 | Mikhail Miloradovich, military Governor of Saint Petersburg | Pyotr Kakhovsky | ||
1878 | Nikolay Mezentsov, Executive Director of the Third Section | Sergey Stepnyak-Kravchinsky | ||
March 13, 1881 | Alexander II of Russia, Tsar of All the Russias[1] | Ignacy Hryniewiecki | Assassination plot concluded with bombs. | |
1893 | Nikolay Alekseyev, Mayor of Moscow | Andrianov | ||
April 8, 1902 | Dmitry Sipyagin, Russian Interior Minister[3] | Stepan Balmashov | ||
1904 | Vyacheslav von Plehve, Russian Interior Minister | Yegor Sazonov | ||
1905 | Grand Duke Sergei Alexandrovich Romanov, former Governor-General of Moscow | Ivan Kalyayev | Organized by the SR Combat Organization | |
September 14, 1911 | Pyotr Stolypin, Russian Prime Minister | Dmitry Bogrov | Killed in theater in Kiev[3] | |
December 30, 1916 | Grigori Rasputin, controversial friar and mystic[5] | Band of nobles led by Felix Yusupov, Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia, Vladimir Purishkevich and Vasily Maklakov | ||
1917 | Ivan Logginovich Goremykin, former Prime Minister | Konstantin X Kotev | ||
July 16, 1918 | Tsar Nicholas II and his family: Tsarina Alexandra, Tsarevich Alexei, Grand Duchesses Olga, Tatiana, Maria and Anastasia, physician Eugene Botkin, maid Anna Demidova, footman Alexei Trupp and cook Ivan Kharitonov | Cheka officers led by Yakov Yurovsky | Order given by Yakov Sverdlov on behalf of Vladimir Lenin | |
July 18, 1918 | Elizabeth of Hesse, Grand Duchess of Russia, Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich, Princes John Constantinovich, Constantine Constantinovich and Igor Constantinovich, poet and prince Vladimir Paley and nun Varvara Yakovleva | Cheka officers | ||
1918 | V. Volodarsky, revolutionary | Grigory Ivanovich Semyonov | ||
1918 | Wilhelm von Mirbach, German Ambassador in Moscow | Yakov Blumkin | ||
December 1, 1934 | Sergey Kirov, Bolshevik party leader in Leningrad[3] | Leonid Nikolaev | ||
1948 | Solomon Mikhoels, Chairman of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee[10] | Police officers, led by Sergei Ogoltsov | Ordered by Joseph Stalin | |
1991 | Igor Talkov, singer-songwriter, anti-Soviet activist | Allegedly Valeriy Schlyafman | ||
1995 | Vladislav Listyev, a Russian journalist and head of the ORT TV Channel | Unknown | ||
1996 | Dzhokhar Dudayev, first Chechen separatist President and anti-Russian guerrilla leader | Russian military | ||
1998 | Valeriy Hubulov, South Ossetian politician, former prime minister | Unknown | ||
1998 | Galina Starovoytova, influential politician, then member of Russian parliament (Duma) | Yuri Kolchin and Vitali Akishin | ||
1998 | Larisa Yudina, Kalmyk journalist | |||
1998 | Otakhon Latifi, Tajik journalist and opposition figure | Allegedly Abdullo Tursunov | ||
2003 | Sergei Yushenkov, Russian politician | Mikhail Kodanev and others | Killed in Moscow[11] | |
2003 | Yuri Shchekochikhin, Russian journalist | Unknown | Killed in Moscow[12] | |
2004 | Paul Klebnikov, editor of the Russian edition of Forbes magazine | |||
2004 | Akhmad Kadyrov, Kremlin-backed President of the Chechen Republic | Presumed to be Chechen Islamists | Killed along with about 30 others in a football stadium during a Soviet Victory Day parade, by a bomb that had been built into the concrete of one of the stadium's supporting columns. | |
2005 | Aslan Maskhadov, President of separatist Chechnya | |||
2005 | Anatoly Trofimov, former FSB deputy director | |||
2005 | Magomed Omarov, deputy Interior Minister of Dagestan | |||
2005 | Bayaman Erkinbayev, Kyrgyz MP | |||
2006 | Altynbek Sarsenbayev, Kazakh politician | |||
2006 | Abdul-Khalim Sadulayev, President of separatist Chechnya | |||
2006 | Anna Politkovskaya, Russian journalist and human rights campaigner | Unknown; many theories | Shot in the elevator block of her apartment in Moscow. See Assassination of Anna Politkovskaya. | |
2008 | Vitaly Karayev, mayor of Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia–Alania | |||
2008 | Kazbek Pagiyev, former mayor of Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia–Alania | |||
2008 | Nina Varlamova, mayor of Kandalaksha, Murmansk Oblast | |||
2009 | Anastasia Baburova, journalist | |||
2009 | Stanislav Markelov, human rights lawyer | |||
2009 | Adilgerei Magomedtagirov, interior minister of Dagestan | |||
2009 | Aza Gazgireyeva, deputy chair of Ingushetia Supreme Court | |||
2009 | Bashir Aushev, former deputy prime minister of Ingushetia | |||
2009 | Natalia Estemirova, human rights activist | |||
2011 | Gadzhimurat Kamalov, journalist | |||
2015 | Boris Nemtsov, politician | Unknown | See "Assassination of Boris Nemtsov" | |
2016 | Andrei Karlov, Ambassador to Turkey | Mevlut Mert Altintas (Turkish Police Officer) | See "Assassination of Andrei Karlov" |
Serbia
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
268 | Gallienus, Roman emperor | Killed near Naissus. | |
282 | Probus, Roman emperor | Assassinated at Sirmium. | |
285 | Carinus, Roman emperor | Assassinated at Margus. | |
1804 | 72 notable Serbs | Dahije | Slaughter of the Knezes |
1815 | Kara-Marko Vasić, revolutionary | Ordered by Miloš Obrenović. | |
1816 | Melentije Nikšić, revolutionary | Ordered by Miloš Obrenović. | |
1817 | Karađorđe Petrović, leader of the First Serbian Uprising | Nikola Novaković | Nikola Novaković, a henchman of Vujica Vulićević, killed the sleeping Karađorđe with an axe blow to the head, then shot Naum Krnar, in the village of Radovanje. Ordered by rival Miloš Obrenović. |
1868 | Mihailo Obrenović, Prince of Serbia | Pavle Radovanović and Kosta Radovanović | Shot in Košutnjak, a park in Belgrade, as part of a conspiracy. |
1885 | Čakr-paša, hajduk | Toma Stanković | |
1903 | Aleksandar Obrenović, King of Serbia, and Draga Mašin, Queen Consort | Army officers led by Dragutin Dimitrijević | Killed in the royal palace as part of the May Overthrow. |
1903 | Lazar Petrović | Killed as part of the May Overthrow. | |
1903 | Dimitrije Cincar-Marković, Prime Minister | ||
1921 | Milorad Drašković, Yugoslav interior minister | Alija Alijagić | |
1928 | Đuro Basariček, Croatian politician | Puniša Račić | |
1928 | Stjepan Radić, Croatian politician. | Serbian radical politician Puniša Račić. | Shot in the Yugoslav Parliament in Belgrade. |
1983 | Galip Balkar, Turkish ambassador | Armenian nationalists Harutyun Krikor Levonian and Alexander Elbekyan. | Assassination of Galip Balkar |
1994 | Dada Vujasinović, journalist | ||
1994 | Goran Vuković, criminal | ||
1999 | Slavko Ćuruvija, journalist | ||
2000 | Željko Ražnatović "Arkan", career-criminal and warlord | ||
2000 | Pavle Bulatović, defense minister | ||
2000 | Žika Petrović, Jat Airways executive | ||
2000 | Boško Perošević, politician | Milivoje Gutović | Assassinated at Novi Sad Fair. |
2000 | Ivan Stambolić, former President | Special Operations Unit | Ordered by Slobodan Milošević. |
2001 | Milan Pantić, journalist | Unknown | |
2003 | Zoran Đinđić, Prime Minister of Serbia | Zvezdan Jovanović | Jovanović killed his victim with a sniper rifle (a relatively rare type of assassination); see Assassination of Zoran Đinđić. |
2004 | Branko Bulatović, Football Association general secretary | Unknown | |
2006 | Radoljub Kanjevac, criminal | Unknown | |
2014 | Rade Rakonjac, Arkan's bodyguard | Unknown |
Slovakia
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1999 | Ján Ducký, government minister | ||
2018 | Ján Kuciak, Slovak journalist | Unknown | An investigative journalist shot dead with his girlfriend was working on a story about the activities of Italian mafia in Slovakia |
Spain
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1369 | Peter the Cruel, King of Castile | Henry II of Castile | |
December 17, 1485 | Pedro de Arbués, a prominent member of the Spanish Inquisition | Assassinated while praying in La Seo Cathedral of Zaragosa. His death allowed Grand Inquisitor Tomás de Torquemada to massively expand the Spanish Inquisition. | |
1870 | Juan Prim, Prime Minister of Spain and Governor of Puerto Rico | Shot in Madrid by unknown hand. | |
1897 | Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, Prime Minister of Spain | Michele Angiolillo | Shot in a spa in Mondragón, Guipúzcoa. |
1912 | José Canalejas, Prime Minister of Spain | Manuel Pardiñas | Shot in Madrid. |
1921 | Eduardo Dato Iradier, Prime Minister of Spain | Lluís Nicolau, Pere Mateu, and Ramon Casanelles | Shot in Madrid by Catalan anarchists. |
1923 | Juan Cardinal Soldevilla y Romero, Roman Catholic archbishop of Zaragoza | Los Solidarios | |
1936 | José Castillo, Spanish Socialist Workers' Party lieutenant in the Assault Guards | Falangist gunmen | Killed in Madrid. |
1936 | José Calvo Sotelo, right-wing politician | Killed in a police vehicle in Madrid. | |
1936 | Federico García Lorca, Spanish poet and dramatist | Nationalists | Shot at Alfacar by fascists. |
1936 | Raoul Villain, assassin of Jean Jaurès | Shot on the island of Ibiza. | |
1937 | Camillo Berneri, Italian anarchist | ||
1937 | Andrés Nin, Spanish Communist revolutionary | Taken to a camp by the Spanish Government and probably killed there. (this is disputed). | |
1967 | Mohamed Khider, Algerian politician | Killed in Madrid. | |
1968 | Melitón Manzanas, secret police officer and state torturer | Members of ETA | Killed at Irún, Guipúzcoa. |
December 20, 1973 | Luis Carrero Blanco, Spanish prime minister[13] | ETA | Killed by a bomb which threw his car over a building. The murder of Luis Carrero Blanco was, according to ETA, then to intensify existing divisions within Francoist Spain between the "openness" and "purists". |
1976 | Juan María de Araluce Villar, Politician, President of the Provincial Deputation of Gipuzkoa | Members of ETA | Killed at San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa. |
1977 | Augusto Unceta Barrenechea, Politician, President of the Provincial Deputation of Biscay | Members of ETA | Killed at Guernica, Biscay. |
1984 | Santiago Brouard, Basque nationalist | Grupos Antiterroristas de Liberación | |
1997 | Miguel Ángel Blanco, Basque politician | ETA | Kidnapped and later killed. |
2000 | Fernando Buesa Blanco, Basque politician and party leader | ETA | Car bombing in Vitoria. |
2000 | Ernest Lluch Martín, former Spanish minister | ETA | Shot in Barcelona. |
2014 | Isabel Carrasco, governor of León province, leader of People's Party in León | Shot in León. |
Sweden
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1156 | King Sverker I of Sweden | ||
1160 | King Eric IX of Sweden | ||
1167 | King Charles VII of Sweden | ||
1436 | Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson, Regent of Sweden | ||
1577 | King Eric XIV of Sweden | On order of his half-brother King John III of Sweden | |
1792 | King Gustav III of Sweden | Jacob Johan Anckarström | The king was shot at a masquerade ball and died two weeks later from his wounds. |
June 20, 1810 | Count Axel von Fersen, Marshal of the Realm | Otto Johan Tandefelt, sailor ("crushing of the ribcage" by jumping with both feet on Count von Fersen's chest.) | Killed by a vicious mob in Stockholm, who blamed him for the death of Crown Prince Carl August. Army soldiers were present at the scene, but were ordered not to interfere. |
1971 | Vladimir Rolović, Yugoslav ambassador | Croatian National Resistance | |
February 28, 1986 | Olof Palme, Prime Minister of Sweden[2] | Unknown | Shot on his way home from a cinema on a street in central Stockholm. He was not accompanied by any bodyguards on this occasion. |
September 11, 2003 | Anna Lindh, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Sweden | Mijailo Mijailović | Lindh was stabbed while visiting the NK department store in central Stockholm on September 10. She died the following morning. Lindh was prominently featured in the ”Yes” campaign during the Euro referendum, which took place later in the same weekend. She did not have any protective detail assigned to her, because the Swedish Security Police had not received, or perceived there to be no specific threats made against her. |
Switzerland
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1308 | Albert I of Habsburg, German King and Duke of Austria | John Parricida | Albert was killed by his nephew, whom he had deprived of his inheritance, at Windisch on the Reuss River. |
1639 | Jörg Jenatsch | Killed in Chur | |
1898 | Elisabeth ("Sisi"), Empress of Austria and Queen of Hungary | Luigi Lucheni | Lucheni attacked the Empress randomly on the street of Geneva. Elisabeth was stabbed in the heart once with a sharp needle file. Due to her extremely tight corset, she had no idea she has been wounded and collapsed suddenly two hours later due to slow internal hemorrhaging. |
1923 | Vatslav Vorovsky, Soviet diplomat | Maurice Conradi | |
1936 | Wilhelm Gustloff, German leader of the Swiss Nazi party | ||
1960 | Félix-Roland Moumié, successor to Ruben Um Nyobe at the head of the UPC | Assassinated by the SDECE (French secret services). | |
1990 | Kazem Rajavi, Iranian opposition leader | Killed in Geneva. |
United Kingdom
Date | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
293 | Carausius, usurper of the Western Roman Empire | Allectius who Carausius appointed treasurer | Coup d'tat |
946 | Edmund I, King of England | Stabbed at a banquet | |
978 | Edward the Martyr, King of England | ||
995 | Kenneth II, King of Scotland | ||
1100 | William Rufus, King of England | Walter Tirel | Shot in the heart with an arrow, supposedly by accident, but the circumstances remain unclear. |
1170 | Thomas Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury | Four knights | Stabbed to death in Canterbury Cathedral on the orders of Henry II of England |
1306 | John III Comyn, Lord of Badenoch | Robert the Bruce, Roger de Kirkpatrick | |
1346 | Raghnall Mac Ruaidhrí | William III, Earl of Ross | Killed at Elcho Priory as he attended a royal muster on the eve of a Scottish invasion of England. |
1381 | Robert Hales, Lord High Treasurer | Beheaded at Tower Hill by rebels during the Peasants' Revolt. | |
1381 | Simon of Sudbury, Lord Chancellor, Archbishop of Canterbury and Bishop of London | Beheaded at Tower Hill by rebels during the Peasants' Revolt. | |
1381 | John Cavendish, Chief Justice of the King's Bench, Chancellor of the University of Cambridge | Beheaded in Bury St Edmunds by rebels during the Peasants' Revolt. | |
1437 | King James I of Scotland | Walter Stewart, Earl of Atholl (coup leader), Sir Robert Graham (dealt lethal blow) | Killed at Perth on the night of 20–1 February in a failed coup by his kinsman and former ally Walter Stewart. |
1452 | William Douglas, 8th Earl of Douglas | James II of Scotland | |
1471 | Henry VI of England, King of England | Killed in the Tower of London likely on the orders of Edward IV of England. | |
1488 | King James III of Scotland | Killed by rebels. | |
1567 | Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, husband of Mary, Queen of Scots | Killed at Kirk o' Field, Edinburgh | |
1570 | James Stewart, 1st Earl of Moray, Regent of Scotland | James Hamilton | The first assassination carried out with a firearm. |
1628 | George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, Lord High Admiral/royal favourite | John Felton | Stabbed in Portsmouth as he planned a second expedition to La Rochelle. |
1679 | James Sharp, Archbishop of St Andrews | Killed in Fife, near St Andrews. | |
1812 | Spencer Perceval, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom | John Bellingham | The only British prime minister to be assassinated. See Assassination of Spencer Perceval.[14] |
1812 | Louis-Alexandre de Launay, French diplomat | Stabbed to death with a stiletto by his former servant at his home in Barnes. His wife was also killed. | |
22 June 1922 | Henry Hughes Wilson, British field marshal, retired Chief of the Imperial General Staff and Conservative politician | Reginald Dunne and Joseph O'Sullivan | Killed outside his house in Eaton Square, London, by voluntary members of the Irish Republican Army.[3] |
1940 | Michael O'Dwyer, former Lieutenant Governor of the Punjab | Udham Singh, a Punjabi revolutionary | Killed during a speech at Caxton Hall, London. |
1952 | Krystyna Skarbek, Polish agent of the British Special Operations Executive (also known as Christine Grenville) | Dennis Muldowney | Killed in the Sherbourne Hotel, Earl's Court, London. |
1973 | Paddy Wilson, Social Democratic and Labour Party politician | Stabbed to death in Belfast, along with his friend Irene Andrews. See Paddy Wilson and Irene Andrews killings. | |
1975 | Ross McWhirter, co-author of the Guinness Book of Records and right wing political activist | Harry Duggan and Hugh Doherty | Killed outside his home in Bush Hill Park, London, by members of the Balcombe Street Gang, both of whom were Irish Republican Army volunteers. |
1977 | Kadhi Abdullah al-Hagri, past prime minister of Yemen Arab Republic | Killed in London. | |
1978 | Georgi Markov, Bulgarian dissident | Died in London after being attacked with ricin fired from a gun disguised as an umbrella on Waterloo Bridge. | |
9 July 1978 | Abdul Razak al-Naif, former Prime Minister of Iraq | Killed in London | |
1979 | Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma, former Governor-General of India | Thomas McMahon | Killed along with three others while on a fishing trip with his family by a bomb planted onto his boat by McMahon. McMahon was a member of the Provisional Irish Republican Army, who claimed responsibility for the attack. |
1979 | Airey Neave, British Conservative politician | Car bombing outside Palace of Westminster, by members of the Irish National Liberation Army[15] | |
1980 | John Turnley, SDLP and Irish Independence Party politician | UDA | Killed while on the way to a political meeting. |
1981 | Sir Norman Stronge, aristocrat and Northern Irish politician, and his son, Sir James Stronge, aristocrat and Northern Irish politician | IRA members | Both were killed by members of the Provisional Irish Republican Army at their ancestral home, Tynan Abbey in County Armagh, which the Provisional IRA later set on fire. |
1981 | Robert Bradford, Unionist MP in Northern Ireland | IRA members | Murdered during a speech at Finaghy in Belfast.[15] |
1982 | Shlomo Argov, Israeli Ambassador to the Court of St. James's | Although Argov survived this assassination attempt, the injuries he sustained in the attack resulted in his death in 2003. | |
1983 | Edgar Graham, Ulster Unionist politician | Shot by an IRA gunman outside Queens University Belfast.[15] | |
1987 | George Seawright, Northern Ireland politician | IPLO members | Killed by the Irish People's Liberation Organisation in Shankill, Belfast. |
1989 | Patrick Finucane, solicitor | Ken Barrett | Killed in Belfast by Ulster Loyalists. |
1990 | Ian Gow, British Conservative politician | IRA members | Killed by a car bomb near his house in East Sussex.[15] |
1997 | Billy Wright, Loyalist Volunteer Force leader | INLA prisoners | Killed in Maze Prison.[16] |
2006 | Alexander Litvinenko, former FSB officer and critic of Vladimir Putin | Unknowns from Russia | Acute radiation syndrome via ingestion of polonium-210. See Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko.[17] |
2016 | Jo Cox, Member of Parliament for Batley and Spen | Thomas Mair | Shooting and stabbing incident before a constituency surgery. See Murder of Jo Cox.[18] |
Ukraine
Year | Victim(s) | Assassin(s) | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
1921 | Mykola Leontovych, Ukrainian composer | ||
1949 | Yaroslav Halan, Ukrainian anti-fascist writer[19] | Members of OUN Mykhailo Stakhur and Ilariy Lukashevych | Killed at his home office in Lviv. Received 11 hits with axe. Ordered by the regional OUN leadership (according to the Soviet official version, ordered by the Vatican) |
1979 | Volodymyr Ivasiuk, Ukrainian composer | ||
1995 | Akhat Bragin, Ukrainian businessman of Tatar descent, president of the football club Shakhtar Donetsk until his death. | ||
1998 | Vadym Hetman, politician, banker | ||
2000 | Georgiy Gongadze, Ukrainian journalist | ||
2000 | Yevhen Shcherban, Ukrainian politician | ||
2005 | Stepan Senchuk, Ukrainian politician | ||
2014 | Oleh Babayev, Ukrainian politician | ||
2015 | Oles Buzina, Ukrainian pro-Russian writer | ||
2016 | Pavel Sheremet, Belarusian journalist | ||
2017 | Denis Voronenkov, former member of the State Duma of the Russian Federation | Pavel Parshov, Ukrainian citizen and veteran of Ukraine's volunteer battalion.[20] | Shot dead in Kyiv while on his way to meet Ilya Ponomarev, another former member of the State Duma who also lives in exile in Ukraine. |
References
- ^ a b c d World Almanac 2004, p155
- ^ a b c d "Historic Assassinations Since 1865," The World Almanac and Book of Facts 2004, p156 (World Almanac 2004)
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l 20th Century Timeline, p118
- ^ The Assassination of Symon Petliura and the Trial of Scholem Schwarzbard 1926–1927: A Selection of Documents. Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht. 2016-04-18. ISBN 9783647310275.
- ^ a b c "Historic Assassinations Since 1865," The World Almanac and Book of Facts 1982 (World Almanac 1982), p750
- ^ https://www.leitrimobserver.ie/news/lifestyle/251247/new-book-features-shooting-story-from-ballinamore.html
- ^ http://www.sligotoday.ie/details.php?id=46315
- ^ Adams, John (1794). A defence of the constitutions of government of the United States of America, against the attack of M. Turgot in his letter to Dr. Price, dated the twenty-second day of March, 1778. London: John Stockdale. pp. 153–155. OCLC 2678599. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
- ^ a b "Assassinations and Political Murders," 20th Century Timeline (Griesewood & Dempsey, Ltd., 1985) (Crescent Books, 1985) [20th Century Timeline], p119
- ^ "stalin's secret pogrom-INTRO". Joshuarubenstein.com. Archived from the original on January 29, 2012. Retrieved August 25, 1997.
{{cite web}}
: Check date values in:|accessdate=
(help); Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Terror-99". web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 28 May 2003. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ "Terror-99". web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 3 April 2004. Retrieved 22 April 2017.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ^ 20th Century Timeline, p120
- ^ "BBC News - The MP whose ancestor killed the prime minister". news.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
- ^ a b c d Siddique, Haroon (16 June 2016). "MPs who have been attacked while in office". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
- ^ "Billy Wright: the loyalist assassin too violent for his comrades - BelfastTelegraph.co.uk". BelfastTelegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
- ^ "Alexander Litvinenko: Profile of murdered Russian spy". BBC News. 21 January 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2017.
- ^ Danny Boyle Raziye Akkoc (2016-06-17). "Labour MP Jo Cox dies after being shot and stabbed as husband urges people to 'fight against the hate' that killed her". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
- ^ Marples, David R. (2013-01-23). Heroes and Villains : Creating National History in Contemporary Ukraine. Hors collection. Budapest: Central European University Press. pp. 125–165. ISBN 9786155211355. Archived from the original on 2018-03-19.
- ^ "Kyiv Identifies Suspected Gunman In Ex-Duma Deputy's Assassination". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. March 24, 2017.