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Vande Bharat Express

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"Vande Bharat" redirects here. For other uses, see Vande Bharat (disambiguation).

Vande Bharat Express
Vande Bharat Express trains in different liveries
Overview
Service typeInter-city semi-high-speed rail
StatusOperating
LocaleIndia
PredecessorShatabdi Express
First service15 February 2019; 7 years ago (2019-02-15)
Websiteindianrail.gov.in
Route
Line used78
On-board services
Classes
Disabled accessyes
Seating arrangements
Catering facilitiesOn-board catering
Observation facilitiesWide fixed windows
Entertainment facilities
Baggage facilitiesOverhead racks
Other facilities
Technical
Rolling stockVande Bharat (trainset)
Track gauge1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge
Electrification25 kV 50 Hz AC via overhead line
Operating speed
  • 160 km/h (99 mph) (maximum)
  • 83 km/h (52 mph)[1][2] (average)
Average length
  • 192 m (630 ft) (8 coaches)
  • 384 m (1,260 ft) (16 coaches)
  • 480 m (1,570 ft) (20 coaches)
Track ownerIndian Railways

Vande Bharat Express is a medium to long-distance semi-high speed express train service operated by the Indian Railways. It is a reserved, air-conditioned chair car service connecting cities that are less than 800 km (500 mi) apart or take less than ten hours to travel with existing services. The commercial service was officially inaugurated on 15 February 2019.

The trainsets are self-propelling electric multiple units with eight, sixteen or twenty coaches. They were introduced as part of the Make in India initiative by the Indian government, and are designed and manufactured by the state-owned Integral Coach Factory in Chennai. Introduced in 2018, the trainsets achieved speeds up to 183 km/h (114 mph) during trial runs. However, the maximum operational speed is restricted to 160 km/h (99 mph), which is achieved by the Rani Kamalapati–Hazrat Nizamuddin and Hazrat Nizamuddin-Khajuraho services on the Tughlakabad–Agra section. This is the highest operational speed on the Indian Railways network, shared with Gatimaan Express over the same section. The train is capable of faster acceleration and deceleration, and it went from 0 to 100 km/h in 52 seconds during trial runs.

Vande Bharat sleeper services operating dedicated sleeper trainsets, were inaugurated in January 2026. These trains consist of sixteen air-conditioned sleeper coaches.

History

[edit]

Efforts to increase speed

[edit]

In 1960, the Indian Railway Board commissioned a study to increase the speed of its trains, which was restricted to 96 km/h (60 mph) on the existent broad gauge lines.[3] The Research Design and Standards Organisation was tasked with achieving a target speed of 160 km/h (99 mph) and an intermediate target of 120 km/h (75 mph) for passenger trains. Rajdhani Express trains, capable of reaching speeds of up to 120 km/h (75 mph), were introduced in 1969. The Integral Coach Factory (ICF) at Madras manufactured the coaches, which were hauled by diesel locomotives.[4][5] With the introduction of WAP-1 electric locomotives, Shatabdi Express trains introduced in 1988, were capable of running at a maximum speed of 130 km/h (81 mph).[6][7][8] From the late 1990s, the ICF coaches were began to be replaced by the safer LHB coaches designed by Linke-Hofmann-Busch of Germany.[9][10]

Talgo train at New Delhi railway station during trials in 2016

In December 2009, the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India envisaged the implementation of high-speed rail projects to provide passenger services at 250–350 km/h (160–220 mph) through the upgradation of existing tracks, construction of new lines and introduction of high speed trainsets.[11][12] In the 2014 railway budget, a proposal was made to introduce semi-high-speed 160–200 km/h (99–124 mph) services between major cities.[13] Gatimaan Express, introduced in 2016, achieved speeds of 160 km/h (99 mph) in a sector between Delhi and Agra.[14]

In the mid 2010s, the Indian Railways sought Request for qualifications to jointly manufacture five thousand Electric Multiple Unit (EMU) sets with interested international and domestic parties.[15] In 2015, Talgo conducted trial runs on the Mumbai–Delhi line, completing the journey in ten hours, almost six hours quicker than the existing fastest train and achieved an average speed of 117.5 km/h (73.0 mph). However, the deal never materialised due to concerns such as the adaptability of rolling stock, higher procurement and maintenance costs and robustness.[16][17]

Vande Bharat trainset

[edit]

After foreign proposals for the proposed semi-high-speed trains were unsuccessful, the government decided to develop the trainsets locally as a part of the Make in India campaign.[18] A team led by Sudhanshu Mani worked on the development of the trainset at ICF. The prototypes were tested in 2018 and reached speeds of up to 183 km/h (114 mph) in trials.[19] Christened as Train 18 initially, these trainsets were later renamed to Vande Bharat.[20]

Inauguration of the first commercial service from New Delhi to Varanasi by the prime minister on 15 February 2019

On 15 February 2019, the first Vande Bharat Express, plying between New Delhi and Varanasi, was flagged off at the New Delhi railway station by the Indian prime minister Narendra Modi.[21][22] The train covered a distance of 759 km (472 mi) in eight hours at an average speed of 95 km/h (59 mph) and reduced the existing travel time along the route by 15%.[23] In October 2019, the second service was launched between New Delhi and Katra.[24]

After the inauguration of the first two services, the Indian Railways temporarily halted the production of new train-sets owing to internal issues.[25] In 2019, the production resumed after a lower cost revision was agreed for the upgrades required.[26] The second generation trainsets entered service in September 2022.[27] In December 2023, the Government announced a target to have 4,500 Vande Bharat trains by 2047.[28] As the Vande Bharat trains operated faster services connecting cities, the trains were planned to eventually replace the existing Shatabdi and Rajdhani express trains.[29][30]

The ICF was involved in the development a new version of the Vande Bharat trainset equipped with air-conditioned sleeper cars.[29] The first prototype was rolled out by BEML in September 2024,[31][32][33] and commercial services began in January 2026.[34]

Rolling stock

[edit]
Further information: Vande Bharat (trainset)

Vande Bharat Express uses Electric Multiple Unit trainsets manufactured by the Integral Coach Factory in Chennai.[35] The trainsets have eight, sixteen or twenty chair cars.[36] A standard sixteen car rake consists of two driving trailer coaches, one each on every end along with two non-driver trailer coaches, four trailer coaches with pantographs and eight motor coaches.[37] A second generation sixteen car trainset weighs 392 tonnes and costs ₹115 crore (US$14 million).[38][39] The chassis of a coach is 23 m (75 ft) long, and is made of stainless steel.[40]

During the trial runs, the trainsets had clocked speeds of up to 183 km/h (114 mph) with an acceleration of 0–100 km/h (0–62 mph) in 52 seconds.[19][41] The operational speed is limited due to track restrictions, halts and traffic congestion. The maximum operational speed of 160 km/h (99 mph) is achieved by the Rani Kamalapati (Habibganj)–Hazrat Nizamuddin Vande Bharat Express and Hazrat Nizamuddin-Khajuraho Vande Bharat Express on the 174 km (108 mi) Tughlakabad–Agra section.[42]

Facilities

[edit]
AC Executive Class (EC)
AC Chair Car (CC)

The train has two classes of accommodation with the AC Chair Car being the standard class and the AC Executive Class being the premium class. The executive class coach can seat 52 passengers and is equipped with rotating seats in a 2x2 configuration.[43] The chair car coaches can seat 78 passengers per coach (limited to 44 in first and last trailer coaches) and are equipped with retractable seats in 2x3 configuration.[44] The coaches are fully air conditioned and equipped with electric outlets, reading lights, CCTV cameras, automatic doors, bio-vacuum toilets, sensor-based water taps and Passenger information system.[45] The coaches have wide windows with roller blinds and overhead racks for stowing luggage.[46] The service offers onboard catering with both vegetarian and non-vegetarian meal options included in the fare as standard.[47][48]

Services

[edit]

The first service was introduced in February 2019, and 35 trains were operational in December 2023.[49] As of February 2026, 78 Vande Bharat trains are in service, which includes 18 twenty-car services, 17 sixteen-car services and 43 eight-car services.[50]

Service Zone Cars Distance Travel time Speed Inaugural run
Maximum[a] Average
New Delhi–Varanasi NR 20 759 km (472 mi) 8h 130 km/h (81 mph) 95 km/h (59 mph) 15 February 2019
New Delhi–SMVD Katra NR 20 655 km (407 mi) 8h 05m 130 km/h (81 mph) 81 km/h (50 mph) 3 October 2019
Mumbai Central–Gandhinagar Capital WR 20 522 km (324 mi) 6h 25m 130 km/h (81 mph) 81 km/h (50 mph) 30 September 2022
New Delhi–Amb Andaura NR 16 412 km (256 mi) 5h 15m 130 km/h (81 mph) 79 km/h (49 mph) 13 October 2022
Chennai Central–Mysuru SR 16 496 km (308 mi) 6h 30m 130 km/h (81 mph) 76 km/h (47 mph) 11 November 2022
Bilaspur–Nagpur SECR 16 412 km (256 mi) 5h 30m 130 km/h (81 mph) 75 km/h (47 mph) 11 December 2022
Howrah–New Jalpaiguri ER 16 566 km (352 mi) 7h 30m 130 km/h (81 mph) 75 km/h (47 mph) 30 December 2022
Visakhapatnam–Secunderabad ECoR 20 698 km (434 mi) 8h 35m 130 km/h (81 mph) 81 km/h (50 mph) 15 January 2023
Mumbai CSMT–Solapur CR 20 457 km (284 mi) 6h 30m 130 km/h (81 mph) 70 km/h (43 mph) 10 February 2023
Mumbai CSMT–Sainagar Shirdi CR 16 343 km (213 mi) 5h 10m 130 km/h (81 mph) 66 km/h (41 mph)
Rani Kamalapati (Habibganj)–Hazrat Nizamuddin WCR 16 702 km (436 mi) 7h 36m 160 km/h (99 mph) 92 km/h (57 mph) 1 April 2023
Secunderabad–Tirupati SCR 20 662 km (411 mi) 8h 19m 130 km/h (81 mph) 80 km/h (50 mph) 8 April 2023
Chennai Central–Coimbatore SR 8 495 km (308 mi) 6h 130 km/h (81 mph) 82 km/h (51 mph)
Ajmer–Chandigarh NWR 20 678 km (421 mi) 8h 25m 130 km/h (81 mph) 81 km/h (50 mph) 12 April 2023
Kasaragod–Thiruvananthapuram SR 20 586 km (364 mi) 8h 10m 110 km/h (68 mph) 72 km/h (45 mph) 25 April 2023
Howrah–Puri SER 20 500 km (310 mi) 6h 25m 130 km/h (81 mph) 78 km/h (48 mph) 18 May 2023
Dehradun–Anand Vihar Terminal NR 8 302 km (188 mi) 4h 45m 110 km/h (68 mph) 64 km/h (40 mph) 25 May 2023
New Jalpaiguri–Guwahati NFR 8 407 km (253 mi) 5h 30m 110 km/h (68 mph) 74 km/h (46 mph) 29 May 2023
Mumbai CSMT–Madgaon CR 8 580 km (360 mi) 7h 45m 120 km/h (75 mph) 75 km/h (47 mph) 27 June 2023
Patna–Ranchi ECR 8 380 km (240 mi) 6h 130 km/h (81 mph) 63 km/h (39 mph)
KSR Bengaluru–Dharwad SWR 8 490 km (300 mi) 6h 25m 110 km/h (68 mph) 76 km/h (47 mph)
Rani Kamalapati (Habibganj)–Rewa WCR 8 568 km (353 mi) 8h 110 km/h (68 mph) 71 km/h (44 mph)
Indore–Nagpur WR 16 636 km (395 mi) 8h 20m 130 km/h (81 mph) 76 km/h (47 mph)
Jodhpur–Sabarmati (Ahmedabad) NWR 8 449 km (279 mi) 6h 130 km/h (81 mph) 75 km/h (47 mph) 7 July 2023
Gorakhpur–Prayagraj NER 16 500 km (310 mi) 7h 25m 110 km/h (68 mph) 67 km/h (42 mph)
Chennai Central–Narasapur SR 8 514 km (319 mi) 6h 40m 130 km/h (81 mph) 77 km/h (48 mph) 24 September 2023[51]
Chennai Egmore–Tirunelveli SR 20 650 km (400 mi) 7h 50m 110 km/h (68 mph) 83 km/h (52 mph)
Kacheguda–Yesvantpur SCR 16 612 km (380 mi) 8h 15m 130 km/h (81 mph) 74 km/h (46 mph)
Patna–Howrah ECR 20 532 km (331 mi) 6h 35m 130 km/h (81 mph) 81 km/h (50 mph)
Ranchi–Howrah SER 8 458 km (285 mi) 7h 10m 130 km/h (81 mph) 64 km/h (40 mph)
Puri–Rourkela ECoR 16 506 km (314 mi) 7h 45m 130 km/h (81 mph) 65 km/h (40 mph)
Mangaluru Central–Thiruvananthapuram SR 20 620 km (390 mi) 8h 40m 110 km/h (68 mph) 72 km/h (45 mph)
Ahmedabad–Okha WR 8 499 km (310 mi) 6h 30m 110 km/h (68 mph) 77 km/h (48 mph)
Varanasi–New Delhi NR 20 759 km (472 mi) 8h 05m 130 km/h (81 mph) 94 km/h (58 mph) 18 December 2023[52]
Anand Vihar Terminal–Ayodhya Cantt. NR 20 629 km (391 mi) 8h 20m 130 km/h (81 mph) 75 km/h (47 mph) 30 December 2023[53]
SMVD Katra–New Delhi NR 20 655 km (407 mi) 8h 10m 130 km/h (81 mph) 80 km/h (50 mph)
Amritsar–Delhi Junction NR 16 447 km (278 mi) 5h 30m 130 km/h (81 mph) 81 km/h (50 mph)
Coimbatore–Bengaluru Cantt. SR 8 374 km (232 mi) 6h 25m 110 km/h (68 mph) 58 km/h (36 mph)
Mangaluru Central–Madgaon SR 8 319 km (198 mi) 5h 30m 120 km/h (75 mph) 58 km/h (36 mph)
Hazur Sahib Nanded–Mumbai CSMT SCR 20 609 km (378 mi) 9h 40m 130 km/h (81 mph) 64 km/h (40 mph)
Kalaburagi–SMVT Bengaluru CR 8 548 km (341 mi) 8h 45m 130 km/h (81 mph) 63 km/h (39 mph) 12 March 2024[54][55]
New Jalpaiguri–Patna NFR 8 473 km (294 mi) 6h 55m 130 km/h (81 mph) 68 km/h (42 mph)
Lucknow–Dehradun NER 8 545 km (339 mi) 8h 20m 110 km/h (68 mph) 65 km/h (40 mph)
Ahmedabad–Mumbai Central WR 16 493 km (306 mi) 5h 25m 130 km/h (81 mph) 91 km/h (57 mph)
Mysuru–Chennai Central SWR 8 497 km (309 mi) 6h 25m 130 km/h (81 mph) 77 km/h (48 mph)
Hazrat Nizamuddin–Khajuraho NR 16 660 km (410 mi) 8h 20m 160 km/h (99 mph) 79 km/h (49 mph)
Secunderabad–Visakhapatnam SCR 20 698 km (434 mi) 8h 45m 130 km/h (81 mph) 80 km/h (50 mph)
Ranchi–Varanasi SER 8 539 km (335 mi) 7h 50m 130 km/h (81 mph) 69 km/h (43 mph)
Bhubaneswar–Visakhapatnam ECoR 8 444 km (276 mi) 5h 45m 130 km/h (81 mph) 77 km/h (48 mph)
Patna–Gomti Nagar (Lucknow) ECR 8 545 km (339 mi) 8h 25m 130 km/h (81 mph) 65 km/h (40 mph)
Chennai Egmore–Nagercoil SR 20 724 km (450 mi) 8h 50m 110 km/h (68 mph) 82 km/h (51 mph) 31 August 2024[56]
Madurai–Bengaluru Cantt. SR 16 573 km (356 mi) 7h 45m 130 km/h (81 mph) 74 km/h (46 mph)
Meerut City–Varanasi NR 8 782 km (486 mi) 11h 55m 110 km/h (68 mph) 65 km/h (40 mph)
Tatanagar–Patna SER 8 451 km (280 mi) 7h 15m 130 km/h (81 mph) 62 km/h (39 mph) 15 September 2024[57]
Tatanagar–Brahmapur SER 8 587 km (365 mi) 9h 05m 130 km/h (81 mph) 65 km/h (40 mph)
Howrah–Rourkela SER 16 412 km (256 mi) 5h 50m 130 km/h (81 mph) 71 km/h (44 mph)
Howrah–Gaya ER 16 459 km (285 mi) 5h 45m 130 km/h (81 mph) 81 km/h (50 mph)
Howrah–Jamalpur ER 8 441 km (274 mi) 6h 35m 130 km/h (81 mph) 65 km/h (40 mph)
Varanasi–Deoghar NR 8 456 km (283 mi) 7h 20m 130 km/h (81 mph) 62 km/h (39 mph)
SSS Hubballi–Pune SWR 8 559 km (347 mi) 8h 30m 110 km/h (68 mph) 66 km/h (41 mph) 16 September 2024
SCSMT Kolhapur–Pune CR 8 326 km (203 mi) 5h 15m 110 km/h (68 mph) 62 km/h (39 mph)
Agra Cantt.–Banaras NCR 16 574 km (357 mi) 7h 00m 130 km/h (81 mph) 82 km/h (51 mph)
Nagpur–Secunderabad CR 8 581 km (361 mi) 7h 15m 130 km/h (81 mph) 80 km/h (50 mph)
Durg–Visakhapatnam SECR 8 567 km (352 mi) 8h 130 km/h (81 mph) 71 km/h (44 mph)
Sabarmati (Ahmedabad)–Veraval WR 8 439 km (273 mi) 6h 55m 110 km/h (68 mph) 62 km/h (39 mph) 26 May 2025[58]
SMVD Katra–Srinagar NR 8 189 km (117 mi) 2h 58m 110 km/h (68 mph) 64 km/h (40 mph) 6 June 2025[59]
Srinagar–SMVD Katra NR 8 189 km (117 mi) 2h 58m 110 km/h (68 mph) 64 km/h (40 mph)
Gorakhpur–Patliputra NER 8 384 km (239 mi) 7h 110 km/h (68 mph) 55 km/h (34 mph) 20 June 2025[60]
Belagavi (Belgaum)–Bengaluru SWR 8 616 km (383 mi) 8h 20m 110 km/h (68 mph) 73 km/h (45 mph) 10 August 2025[61]
SMVD Katra–Amritsar NR 8 368 km (229 mi) 5h 40m 110 km/h (68 mph) 65 km/h (40 mph)
Ajni (Nagpur)–Pune CR 8 882 km (548 mi) 12h 130 km/h (81 mph) 73 km/h (45 mph)
Jogbani–Danapur ECR 8 451 km (280 mi) 8h 05m 130 km/h (81 mph) 56 km/h (35 mph) 15 September 2025[62]
Jodhpur–Delhi Cantt. NWR 8 604 km (375 mi) 8h 05m 130 km/h (81 mph) 75 km/h (47 mph) 25 September 2025[63]
Bikaner–Delhi Cantt. NWR 8 447 km (278 mi) 6h 15m 110 km/h (68 mph) 72 km/h (45 mph)
Banaras–Khajuraho NER 8 465 km (289 mi) 7h 40m 130 km/h (81 mph) 61 km/h (38 mph) 8 November 2025[64][65]
KSR Bengaluru–Ernakulam Junction SWR 8 625 km (388 mi) 8h 40m 130 km/h (81 mph) 72 km/h (45 mph)
Firozpur Cantt.–Delhi Junction NR 8 487 km (303 mi) 6h 35m 130 km/h (81 mph) 74 km/h (46 mph)
Gomti Nagar (Lucknow)–Saharanpur NR 8 535 km (332 mi) 8h 40m 110 km/h (68 mph) 62 km/h (39 mph)

Discontinued services

[edit]
Service Zone Cars Distance Travel time Max speed Avg speed Inaugural run Discontinued date
Udaipur–Jaipur NWR 8 435 km (270 mi) 6h 20m 130 km/h (81 mph) 69 km/h (43 mph) 24 September 2023[51] 11 February 2026[66]
Udaipur–Agra Cantt. NWR 8 610 km (380 mi) 8h 45m 130 km/h (81 mph) 70 km/h (43 mph) 2 September 2024[67] 11 February 2026[68]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Maximum permissible speed over different sections as approved by the Commissioner of Railway Safety

References

[edit]
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