Volleyball at the Summer Olympics

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For the outdoor event, see Beach volleyball at the Summer Olympics.
Volleyball at the Summer Olympics
Governing bodyFIVB
Events2 (men: 1; women: 1)
Games
  • 1896
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  • 1908
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  • 1928
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  • 1952

Volleyball has been part of the Summer Olympics program for both men and women consistently since 1964.

Brazil, United States, and the former Soviet Union, are the only teams to win multiple gold medals at the men's tournament since its introduction. The remaining five editions of the Men's Olympic Volleyball Tournament were won each by a different country including Japan, Poland, Netherlands, Russia and the defunct Yugoslavia.

Gold medals are less evenly distributed in women's volleyball than in men's; the fourteen editions of the Women's Olympic Volleyball Tournament were won by only five different countries: Brazil, Cuba, China, Japan and the former Soviet Union.

History

Origins

The history of Olympic volleyball can be traced back to the 1924 Summer Olympics in Paris, where volleyball was played as part of an American sports demonstration event. Its addition to the Olympic program, however, was given only after World War II, with the foundation of the FIVB and of some of the continental confederations. In 1957, a special tournament was held during the 53rd IOC session in Sofia, Bulgaria, to support such request. The competition was a success, and the sport was officially introduced in 1964. The Olympic Committee initially dropped volleyball for the 1968 Olympics, meeting protests.[1]

The volleyball Olympic tournament was originally a simple competition, whose format paralleled the one still employed in the World Cup: all teams played against each other team and then were ranked by number of wins, set average and point average. One disadvantage of this round-robin system is that medal winners could be determined before the end of the games, making the audience lose interest in the outcome of the remaining matches.

To cope with this situation, the competition was split into two phases: a "final round" was introduced, consisting of quarterfinals, semifinals and finals. Since its creation in 1972, this new system has become the standard for the volleyball Olympic tournament, and is usually referred to as the "Olympic format".

The number of teams involved in the games has grown steadily since 1964. Since 1996, both men's and women's indoor events count 12 participant nations. Each of the five continental volleyball confederations has at least one affiliated national federation involved in the Olympic Games.

Events

Event 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 00 04 08 12 16 20 24 28 Years
Men's tournament X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 17
Women's tournament X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X 17
Events 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 34

Men's winners

The first two editions of the volleyball Olympic tournament were won by the Soviet Union team. Bronze in 1964 and silver in 1968, Japan won gold in 1972. In 1976, the introduction of a new offensive skill, the back row attack, helped Poland win the competition over the Soviets in a very tight five-setter.

In 1980, many of the strongest teams in men's volleyball belonged to the Eastern Bloc, so the American-led boycott of the 1980 Summer Olympics did not have as great an effect on these events as it had on the women's. The Soviet Union collected their third Olympic gold medal with a 3–1 victory over Bulgaria. With a Soviet-led boycott in 1984, the United States confirmed their new volleyball leadership in the Western World by sweeping smoothly over Brazil at the finals. In that edition a minor nation, Italy, won their first medal, but Italy would rise to prominence in volleyball in later decades. A long-awaited confrontation between the US and Soviet volleyball teams came in the 1988 final: powerplayers Karch Kiraly and Steve Timmons pushed the United States to a second gold medal setting the issue in favor of the Americans.

In 1992, Brazil upset favorites Unified Team, Netherlands, and Italy for their first Olympic championship. Runners-up Netherlands, with Ron Zwerver and Olof van der Meulen, came back in the following edition for a five-set win over Italy. In spite of their success in other major volleyball competitions in the 1990s, Italy did not fare well at the Olympics. After winning bronze in Atlanta, Serbia and Montenegro, led by Vladimir and Nikola Grbić, beat Russia at the final in 2000 to secure the gold (in 1996 and 2000 they played under the name Federal Republic of Yugoslavia).

In 2004, Brazil beat Italy in the final, adding a second gold medal to their record and confirming their role as the men's volleyball superpowers of the 2000s. In 2008, United States beat Brazil in the final, winning their third gold medal. Russia won the bronze for the second time by defeating Italy. In the 2012 final, Russia came back from a 0–2 set deficit, not letting the Brazilians take advantage of any of their 2 match points in the third set. Dmitriy Muserskiy scored 31 points, which is an Olympic Games record in a final. Italy defeated Bulgaria and took Bronze.[2]

After coming up short in the previous two editions of the Olympics as runners-up, the Brazilians captured their third gold medal in the history of the competition playing home in 2016 after their straight-set victory against Italy in the final.[3] The United States pulled off a comeback from a 0–2 deficit to claim the bronze medal with a victory over Russia.[4]

Gold medals appear to be more evenly distributed in men's volleyball than in women's: former Soviet Union (three titles), United States (three) and Brazil (three) are the only teams to have won the tournament more than once. The remaining four editions were won each by a different country. Despite being a major force in men's volleyball since the 1990s, Italy are still the only volleyball powerhouses that lack a gold medal at the Olympic Games.

Women's winners

Women's volleyball semifinals match between USA and South Korea at the 2012 Summer Olympics.

The opening edition of the volleyball Olympic tournament, in 1964, was won by the host nation Japan. There followed two victories in a row by the Soviet Union, in 1968 and 1972. South Korea were expected to get their first gold after beating Japan in the 1975 Pre-Olympic Games, but Japan came back again in 1976 for one last Olympic gold before losing their status of women's volleyball superpowers.

The American-led boycott of the 1980 Games left many strong volleyball nations like Japan and South Korea out of the games. As a result, the Soviet Union easily secured a third Olympic gold medal. In 1984, the Eastern bloc was, in its turn, boycotting the games, and the Soviet Union did not participate. As a result, host nation United States won its first medals in volleyball, losing the finals to China. With eastern and western nations again involved in the Olympics, the Soviet Union obtained a remarkable victory over Peru after trailing 0–2 in 1988's marking one of the most dramatic female matches of the 20th century. The 1988 games were, however, boycotted by Cuba.

1992 saw a new force go down in Olympic history: organized under the name Unified Team, the remnants of former Soviet Union went as far as the finals, but did not resist the power play of the young, rising Cuban squad. Led by superstars Mireya Luis and Regla Torres, Cuba would eventually set the record for consecutive wins in the Olympic Games by also taking the gold in 1996 and 2000 against China and Russia, respectively.

In 2004, the winners were once again China. Second were Russia who beat Brazil in a very tough and dramatic semifinal match after being down 1–2, 19–24 in the fourth set.

In 2008, Brazil finally won the gold, beating the United States in the final and losing only one set in the competition. China were awarded the bronze by beating Cuba. After a troubled start, Brazil secured the double gold in 2012 after beating favorites United States once again in the final.[5] Japan won the bronze medal after defeating South Korea.

In 2016, home team Brazil were favorites to once again win the title, thus equalling Cuba's three consecutive gold medals between 1992 and 2000. After winning all of their preliminary round matches without dropping a set, the team was, however, stunned by a young Chinese squad in a tiebreaker in the quarterfinals. China went on to win the title, their third in Olympic history, by beating Serbia in four sets in the gold medal match.[6] In the process, Lang Ping became the first person to win a gold medal as a player in Los Angeles 1984 and repeat the feat now as a coach in Rio de Janeiro.[7] China also became the first team to win the Olympics after losing three matches in the preliminary round. The United States defeated Netherlands 3–1 to capture the bronze medal.[8]

The fourteen editions of the women's tournament were won by only five different countries: Brazil, China, Cuba, Japan and the former Soviet Union. Despite becoming a women's volleyball powerhouse in the 21st century, United States still lack an Olympic gold.

Competition formula

The volleyball Olympic tournament has a very stable competition formula. The following rules apply:

Qualification
  • Twelve teams participate in each event.
  • Host nations are always pre-qualified.
  • Two teams qualify through the Men's and Women's World Cup (this number was reduced from three prior to the 2016 Summer Olympics).
  • Five teams qualify as winners of continental qualification tournaments.
  • The four remaining berths are decided in world qualification tournaments.
Competition format
  • For the first phase, called qualification round, teams are ranked by the FIVB World Rankings and then divided in two pools of six teams using the serpentine system. The host nation is always ranked 1.
  • At the qualification round, each team plays one match against all other teams in its pool. Top four teams in each pool advance, the remaining two leave the competition.
  • At the second phase, usually called final round, teams play quarterfinals, semifinals and finals.
  • For the final round, matches are organized according to the results obtained in the qualification round. Let the top four teams in each pool be A1, A2, A3, A4 (group A); and B1, B2, B3, B4 (group B). Quarterfinals would then be: A1xB4; A2xB3; A3xB2; A4xB1.
  • Winners of quarterfinals play semifinals as follows: (A1/B4) x (A3/B2); (A2/B3) x (A4xB1).
  • At the finals, winners of semifinals play for the gold, and losers for the bronze.
  • The tournament implements very tight line-up restrictions: only twelve players are allowed, and no replacement is permitted, even in case of injuries.

Men's tournaments

Results summary

Year Host Gold medal match Bronze medal match Teams
Gold medalists Score Silver medalists Bronze medalists Score 4th place
1964
Details 		Japan
Tokyo
Soviet Union 		Round-robin
Czechoslovakia
Japan 		Round-robin
Romania 		10
1968
Details 		Mexico
Mexico City
Soviet Union 		Round-robin
Japan
Czechoslovakia 		Round-robin
East Germany 		10
1972
Details 		West Germany
Munich
Japan 		3–1
East Germany
Soviet Union 		3–0
Bulgaria 		12
1976
Details 		Canada
Montreal
Poland 		3–2
Soviet Union
Cuba 		3–0
Japan 		10
1980
Details 		Soviet Union
Moscow
Soviet Union 		3–1
Bulgaria
Romania 		3–1
Poland 		10
1984
Details 		United States
Los Angeles
United States 		3–0
Brazil
Italy 		3–0
Canada 		10
1988
Details 		South Korea
Seoul
United States 		3–1
Soviet Union
Argentina 		3–2
Brazil 		12
1992
Details 		Spain
Barcelona
Brazil 		3–0
Netherlands
United States 		3–1
Cuba 		12
1996
Details 		United States
Atlanta
Netherlands 		3–2
Italy
Yugoslavia 		3–1
Russia 		12
2000
Details 		Australia
Sydney
Yugoslavia 		3–0
Russia
Italy 		3–0
Argentina 		12
2004
Details 		Greece
Athens
Brazil 		3–1
Italy
Russia 		3–0
United States 		12
2008
Details 		China
Beijing
United States 		3–1
Brazil
Russia 		3–0
Italy 		12
2012
Details 		United Kingdom
London
Russia 		3–2
Brazil
Italy 		3–1
Bulgaria 		12
2016
Details 		Brazil
Rio de Janeiro
Brazil 		3–0
Italy
United States 		3–2
Russia 		12
2020
Details 		Japan
Tokyo 		12
2024
Details 		France
Paris

Participating nations

Legend
  • 1st – Gold medalists
  • 2nd – Silver medalists
  • 3rd – Bronze medalists
  • 4th – 4th place
  •  •  – Did not enter / Did not qualify
  •    – Hosts
  • = – More than one team tied for that rank
  • Q – Qualified for forthcoming tournament
Team Japan
1964
(10) 		Mexico
1968
(10) 		West Germany
1972
(12) 		Canada
1976
(10) 		Soviet Union
1980
(10) 		United States
1984
(10) 		South Korea
1988
(12) 		Spain
1992
(12) 		United States
1996
(12) 		Australia
2000
(12) 		Greece
2004
(12) 		China
2008
(12) 		United Kingdom
2012
(12) 		Brazil
2016
(12) 		Total
 Algeria • • • • • • • 12th • • • • • • 1
 Argentina • • • • • 6th 3rd • 8th 4th =5th • =5th =5th 7
 Australia • • • • • • • • • 8th =11th • =9th • 3
 Belgium • 8th • • • • • • • • • • • • 1
 Brazil 7th 9th 8th 7th 5th 2nd 4th 1st 5th 6th 1st 2nd 2nd 1st 14
 Bulgaria 5th 6th 4th • 2nd • 6th • 7th • • =5th 4th • 8
 Canada • • • 9th • 4th • 10th • • • • • =5th 4
 China • • • • • 8th • • • • • =5th • • 2
 Cuba • • 10th 3rd 7th • • 4th 6th 7th • • • =11th 7
 Egypt • • • WD • 10th • • • =11th • =11th • =9th 5
 France • • • • • • 8th 11th • • =9th • • =9th 4
 Germany See  East Germany and  West Germany • • • • =9th =5th • 2
 Great Britain • • • • • • • • • • • • =11th • 1
 Greece • • • • • • • • • • =5th • • • 1
 Hungary 6th • • • • • • • • • • • • • 1
 Iran • • • • • • • • • • • • • =5th 1
 Italy • • • 8th 9th 3rd 9th 5th 2nd 3rd 2nd 4th 3rd 2nd 11
 Japan 3rd 2nd 1st 4th • 7th 10th 6th • • • =11th • • 8
 Libya • • • • 10th • • • • • • • • • 1
 Mexico • 10th • • • • • • • • • • • =11th 2
 Netherlands 8th • • • • • 5th 2nd 1st 5th =9th • • • 6
 Poland • 5th 9th 1st 4th • • • =11th • =5th =5th =5th =5th 9
 Romania 4th • 5th • 3rd • • • • • • • • • 3
 Russia Part of  Soviet Union 4th 2nd 3rd 3rd 1st 4th 6
 Serbia See  Yugoslavia See  Serbia and Montenegro =5th =9th • 2
 South Korea 10th • 7th 6th • 5th 11th 9th =9th =9th • • • • 8
 Spain • • • • • • • 8th • =9th • • • • 2
 Sweden • • • • • • 7th • • • • • • • 1
 Tunisia • • 12th • • 9th 12th • =11th • =11th • =11th • 6
 United States 9th 7th • • • 1st 1st 3rd =9th =11th 4th 1st =5th 3rd 11
 Venezuela • • • • • • • • • • • =9th • • 1
Discontinued nations
 Czechoslovakia 2nd 3rd 6th 5th 8th • • • See  Czech Republic 5
 East Germany • 4th 2nd • • • • See  Germany 2
 Serbia and Montenegro See  Yugoslavia • 3rd 1st =5th See  Serbia 3[A]
 Soviet Union 1st 1st 3rd 2nd 1st • 2nd 7th See  Russia 7[B]
 West Germany • • 11th • • • • See  Germany 1
 Yugoslavia • • • • 6th • • See  Serbia and Montenegro See  Serbia 1

Women's tournaments

Results summary

Year Host Gold medal match Bronze medal match Teams
Gold medalists Score Silver medalists Bronze medalists Score 4th place
1964
Details 		Japan
Tokyo
Japan 		Round-robin
Soviet Union
Poland 		Round-robin
Romania 		6
1968
Details 		Mexico
Mexico City
Soviet Union 		Round-robin
Japan
Poland 		Round-robin
Peru 		8
1972
Details 		West Germany
Munich
Soviet Union 		3–2
Japan
North Korea 		3–0
South Korea 		8
1976
Details 		Canada
Montreal
Japan 		3–0
Soviet Union
South Korea 		3–1
Hungary 		8
1980
Details 		Soviet Union
Moscow
Soviet Union 		3–1
East Germany
Bulgaria 		3–2
Hungary 		8
1984
Details 		United States
Los Angeles
China 		3–0
United States
Japan 		3–1
Peru 		8
1988
Details 		South Korea
Seoul
Soviet Union 		3–2
Peru
China 		3–0
Japan 		8
1992
Details 		Spain
Barcelona
Cuba 		3–1
Unified Team
United States 		3–0
Brazil 		8
1996
Details 		United States
Atlanta
Cuba 		3–1
China
Brazil 		3–2
Russia 		12
2000
Details 		Australia
Sydney
Cuba 		3–2
Russia
Brazil 		3–0
United States 		12
2004
Details 		Greece
Athens
China 		3–2
Russia
Cuba 		3–1
Brazil 		12
2008
Details 		China
Beijing
Brazil 		3–1
United States
China 		3–1
Cuba 		12
2012
Details 		United Kingdom
London
Brazil 		3–1
United States
Japan 		3–0
South Korea 		12
2016
Details 		Brazil
Rio de Janeiro
China 		3–1
Serbia
United States 		3–1
Netherlands 		12
2020
Details 		Japan
Tokyo 		12
2024
Details 		France
Paris

Participating nations

Legend
  • 1st – Gold medalists
  • 2nd – Silver medalists
  • 3rd – Bronze medalists
  • 4th – 4th place
  •  •  – Did not enter / Did not qualify
  •    – Hosts
  • = – More than one team tied for that rank
  • Q – Qualified for forthcoming tournament
Team Japan
1964
(6) 		Mexico
1968
(8) 		West Germany
1972
(8) 		Canada
1976
(8) 		Soviet Union
1980
(8) 		United States
1984
(8) 		South Korea
1988
(8) 		Spain
1992
(8) 		United States
1996
(12) 		Australia
2000
(12) 		Greece
2004
(12) 		China
2008
(12) 		United Kingdom
2012
(12) 		Brazil
2016
(12) 		Total
 Algeria • • • • • • • • • • • =11th =11th • 2
 Argentina • • • • • • • • • • • • • =9th 1
 Australia • • • • • • • • • =9th • • • • 1
 Brazil • • • • 7th 7th 6th 4th 3rd 3rd 4th 1st 1st =5th 10
 Bulgaria • • • • 3rd • • • • • • • • • 1
 Cameroon • • • • • • • • • • • • • =11th 1
 Canada • • • 8th • 8th • • =9th • • • • • 3
 China • • • • • 1st 3rd 7th 2nd 5th 1st 3rd =5th 1st 9
 Croatia Part of  Yugoslavia • • 7th • • • • 1
 Cuba • • 6th 5th 5th • • 1st 1st 1st 3rd 4th • • 8
 Dominican Republic • • • • • • • • • • =11th • =5th • 2
 Germany See  East Germany and  West Germany • 8th 6th =9th • • • 3
 Great Britain • • • • • • • • • • • • =9th • 1
 Greece • • • • • • • • • • =9th • • • 1
 Hungary • • 5th 4th 4th • • • • • • • • • 3
 Italy • • • • • • • • • =9th =5th =5th =5th =9th 5
 Japan 1st 2nd 2nd 1st • 3rd 4th 5th =9th • =5th =5th 3rd =5th 12
 Kenya • • • • • • • • • =11th =11th • • • 2
 Kazakhstan Part of  Soviet Union • • • =9th • • 1
 Mexico • 7th • • • • • • • • • • • • 1
 Netherlands • • • • • • • 6th 5th • • • • 4th 3
 North Korea • • 3rd • • • • • • • • • • • 1
 Peru • 4th • 7th 6th 4th 2nd • =11th =11th • • • • 7
 Poland 3rd 3rd • • • • • • • • • =9th • • 3
 Puerto Rico • • • • • • • • • • • • • =11th 1
 Romania 4th • • • 8th • • • • • • • • • 2
 Russia See  Soviet Union 4th 2nd 2nd =5th =5th =5th 6
 Serbia See  Yugoslavia See  Serbia and Montenegro =5th =11th 2nd 3
 South Korea 6th 5th 4th 3rd • 5th 8th • 6th 8th =5th • 4th =5th 11
 Spain • • • • • • • 8th • • • • • • 1
 Turkey • • • • • • • • • • • • =9th • 1
 Ukraine Part of  Soviet Union =11th • • • • • 1
 United States 5th 8th • • • 2nd 7th 3rd 7th 4th =5th 2nd 2nd 3rd 11
 Venezuela • • • • • • • • • • • =11th • • 1
Discontinued nations
 Czechoslovakia • 6th 7th • • • • • See  Czech Republic 2
 East Germany • • • 6th 2nd • 5th See  Germany 3
 Soviet Union 2nd 1st 1st 2nd 1st • 1st 2nd See  Russia 7[B]
 West Germany • • 8th • • 6th • See  Germany 2

Medal table

  • Defunct NOCs are shown in italic.

Total

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Soviet Union74112
2 Brazil53210
3 United States33410
4 Japan3339
5 China3126
6 Cuba3025
7 Russia1326
8 Netherlands1102
9 Poland1023
10 Serbia and Montenegro1012
11 Italy0336
12 East Germany0202
13 Bulgaria0112
 Czechoslovakia0112
15 Peru0101
 Serbia0101
 Unified Team0101
18 Argentina0011
 North Korea0011
 Romania0011
 South Korea0011
Totals (21 entries)28282884

Medal table, men

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Brazil3306
2 Soviet Union3216
3 United States3025
4 Russia1124
5 Japan1113
6 Netherlands1102
7 Yugoslavia1012
8 Poland1001
9 Italy0336
10 Czechoslovakia0112
11 Bulgaria0101
 East Germany0101
13 Argentina0011
 Cuba0011
 Romania0011
Totals (15 entries)14141442

Medal table, women

RankNationGoldSilverBronzeTotal
1 Soviet Union4206
2 China3126
3 Cuba3014
4 Japan2226
5 Brazil2024
6 United States0325
7 Russia0202
8 East Germany0101
 Peru0101
 Serbia0101
 Unified Team0101
12 Poland0022
13 Bulgaria0011
 North Korea0011
 South Korea0011
Totals (15 entries)14141442

MVP by edition

Win-loss records

Men's tournament

Team Matches played Wins Losses Winning percentage
 Algeria 6 0 6 .000
 Argentina 47 22 25 .468
 Australia 18 4 14 .222
 Belgium 9 2 7 .222
 Brazil 105 64 41 .610
 Bulgaria 60 32 28 .533
 Canada 22 7 15 .318
 China 12 3 9 .250
 Cuba 47 22 25 .468
 Czechoslovakia 37 24 13 .649
 East Germany 16 11 5 .688
 Egypt 20 1 19 .050
 France 23 9 14 .391
 Germany 11 3 8 .273
 Great Britain 5 0 5 .000
 Greece 6 3 3 .500
 Hungary 9 4 5 .444
 Iran 6 2 4 .333
 Italy 79 51 28 .646
 Japan 56 32 24 .571
 Libya 5 0 5 .000
 Mexico 14 0 14 .000
 Netherlands 45 26 19 .578
 Poland 56 31 25 .554
 Romania 22 14 8 .636
 Russia 48 32 16 .667
 Serbia 11 3 8 .273
 Serbia and Montenegro[A] 22 15 7 .681
 South Korea 51 16 35 .314
 Soviet Union[B] 51 41 10 .804
 Spain 13 4 9 .308
 Sweden 7 3 4 .429
 Tunisia 33 1 32 .030
 United States 79 47 32 .595
 Venezuela 5 1 4 .200
 West Germany 6 1 5 .167
 Yugoslavia 6 3 3 .500

Women's tournament

Team Matches played Wins Losses Winning percentage
 Algeria 10 0 10 .000
 Argentina 5 1 4 .200
 Australia 5 1 4 .200
 Brazil 67 45 22 .672
 Bulgaria 5 3 2 .600
 Cameroon 5 0 5 .000
 Canada 15 1 14 .067
 China 60 39 21 .650
 Croatia 8 4 4 .500
 Cuba 52 37 15 .712
 Czechoslovakia 12 4 8 .333
 Dominican Republic 11 3 8 .273
 East Germany 15 7 8 .467
 Germany 21 7 14 .333
 Great Britain 5 1 4 .200
 Greece 5 1 4 .200
 Hungary 15 7 8 .467
 Italy 28 14 14 .500
 Japan 68 41 27 .603
 Kazakhstan 5 1 4 .200
 Kenya 10 0 10 .000
 Mexico 7 1 6 .143
 Netherlands 21 11 10 .524
 North Korea 5 3 2 .600
 Peru 37 12 25 .462
 Poland 17 9 8 .530
 Puerto Rico 5 0 5 .000
 Romania 10 4 6 .400
 Russia 42 29 13 .690
 Serbia 19 7 12 .368
 South Korea 68 27 41 .397
 Soviet Union[B] 37 32 5 .865
 Spain 4 0 4 .000
 Turkey 5 2 3 .400
 Ukraine 5 0 5 .000
 United States 74 43 31 .581
 Venezuela 5 0 5 .000
 West Germany 10 2 8 .200

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Serbia and Montenegro's total includes two appearances as Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1996 and 2000.
  2. ^ a b c d Soviet Union's total includes one appearance as Unified Team in 1992.

References

  1. ^ Black Belt Vol. 2, No. 2. Active Interest Media, Inc. Mar 1964. p. 27.
  2. ^ "FIVB - London 2012 Olympic Games". www.fivb.org. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  3. ^ "Brazil make triumphant return to the top of the podium". FIVB.org. 21 August 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  4. ^ "USA grab men's bronze with fantastic comeback". FIVB.org. 21 August 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  5. ^ "Brazil wins women's volleyball gold". espn.go.com. Retrieved 31 October 2013.
  6. ^ "China crowned champions in Rio de Janeiro". FIVB.org. 21 August 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  7. ^ "Lang Ping became the first person in volleyball to win Olympic gold as player and coach". FIVB.org. 21 August 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  8. ^ "USA raise high wall to stop Netherlands for bronze medal". FIVB.org. 20 August 2016. Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  9. ^ "News detail - Olympic Countdown - Barcelona rocks to a Latin American rhythm - FIVB - Olympic Games - Rio 2016". rio2016.fivb.com. Retrieved 30 April 2018.
  10. ^ "FIVB:#Rio2016 women's #Volleyball Dream Team". fivb.com. 20 Aug 2016. Retrieved 20 Aug 2016.

External links

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