COVID-19 lockdowns: Difference between revisions

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Several analysis have concluded that lockdowns did save lives in the aggregate, although admitting that data is insufficient to know how much of the reduction came from voluntary social distancing.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Flaxman, S. et al.|first=|date=8th of June 2020|title=Estimating the effects of
Several analysis have concluded that lockdowns did save lives in the aggregate, although admitting that data is insufficient to know how much of the reduction came from voluntary social distancing.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Flaxman, S. et al.|first=|date=8th of June 2020|title=Estimating the effects of
non-pharmaceutical interventions on
non-pharmaceutical interventions on
COVID-19 in Europe|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2405-7_reference.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> Other epidemiologists have asserted that generalized lockdowns were enacted without reliable supporting data. Empirical studies have questioned whether lockdowns actually saved lives, since they did not target the most vulnerable and elderly populations yet risked new “deaths of despair” from unemployment and poverty. Further criticism has targeted the Imperial College projection that originally motivated generalized lockdowns in the US and UK as overly extreme and based on poorly designed code. Other academics have defended the Imperial projection as fundamentally sound, while admitting the code was “a buggy mess.”
COVID-19 in Europe|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2405-7_reference.pdf|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|last=Solomon Hsiang, Daniel Allen, Sébastien Annan-Phan, Kendon Bell, Ian Bolliger, Trinetta Chong, Hannah Druckenmiller, Luna Yue Huang, Andrew Hultgren, Emma Krasovich, Peiley Lau, Jaecheol Lee, Esther Rolf, Jeanette Tseng & Tiffany Wu|first=|date=8th of June 2020|title=The effect of large-scale anti-contagion policies on the COVID-19 pandemic|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2404-8|url-status=live|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=|website=}}</ref>Other epidemiologists have asserted that generalized lockdowns were enacted without reliable supporting data. Empirical studies have questioned whether lockdowns actually saved lives, since they did not target the most vulnerable and elderly populations yet risked new “deaths of despair” from unemployment and poverty. Further criticism has targeted the Imperial College projection that originally motivated generalized lockdowns in the US and UK as overly extreme and based on poorly designed code. Other academics have defended the Imperial projection as fundamentally sound, while admitting the code was “a buggy mess.”


The response to the pandemic has resulted in unprecedented expansion of government power. Advocates of small government worry that the state will be reluctant to give up that power once the crisis is over, as has often been the case historically.<ref>''The Economist'', March 28th 2020, page 7.</ref> Due to the perceived severity of such measures and the increase in government power, there has been much controversy surrounding lockdowns as a concept, with epidemiologists being divided on the issue, with notable proponents for lockdowns including [[Imperial College London|Imperial College London's]] [[Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)|Neil Ferguson]] and [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge's]] Rajiv Chowdhury, and those against lockdowns including [[University of Mainz|Mainz's]] [[Sucharit Bhakdi]] and [[Sweden|Sweden's]] state epidemiologist: [[Anders Tegnell]].<ref>''[https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-why-experts-disagree-so-strongly-over-how-to-tackle-the-disease-135825 The Conversation]'', April 8th 2020.</ref><ref>''[https://unherd.com/2020/04/which-epidemiologist-do-you-believe/ UnHerd]'', April 27th 2020.</ref>
The response to the pandemic has resulted in unprecedented expansion of government power. Advocates of small government worry that the state will be reluctant to give up that power once the crisis is over, as has often been the case historically.<ref>''The Economist'', March 28th 2020, page 7.</ref> Due to the perceived severity of such measures and the increase in government power, there has been much controversy surrounding lockdowns as a concept, with epidemiologists being divided on the issue, with notable proponents for lockdowns including [[Imperial College London|Imperial College London's]] [[Neil Ferguson (epidemiologist)|Neil Ferguson]] and [[University of Cambridge|Cambridge's]] Rajiv Chowdhury, and those against lockdowns including [[University of Mainz|Mainz's]] [[Sucharit Bhakdi]] and [[Sweden|Sweden's]] state epidemiologist: [[Anders Tegnell]].<ref>''[https://theconversation.com/coronavirus-why-experts-disagree-so-strongly-over-how-to-tackle-the-disease-135825 The Conversation]'', April 8th 2020.</ref><ref>''[https://unherd.com/2020/04/which-epidemiologist-do-you-believe/ UnHerd]'', April 27th 2020.</ref>

Revision as of 16:46, 13 July 2020

There are worldwide curfews, quarantines, and similar restrictions (variously described as stay-at-home orders, shelter-in-place orders, shutdowns or lockdowns) related to the COVID-19 pandemic and established to prevent further spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19.[1]

Countries and territories around the world have enforced lockdowns of varying degrees. Some include total movement control while others have enforced restrictions based on time. Mostly, only essential businesses are allowed to remain open. Schools, universities and colleges have closed either on a nationwide or local basis in 63 countries, affecting approximately 47 per cent of the world's student population.[2]

All types of recreational venues and most public places have been affected.[citation needed]

Table of pandemic lockdowns

Country / territory Place First lockdown Second lockdown Third lockdown Fourth lockdown Fifth lockdown Sixth lockdown Seventh lockdown Eighth lockdown Total length (days) Level
Start date End date Length (days) Start date End date Length (days) Start date End date Length (days) Start date End date Length (days) Start date End date Length (days) Start date End date Length (days) Start date End date Length (days) Start date End date Length (days)
Albania 2020-03-13[3] 2020-06-01[4] 80 80 National
Algeria Algiers 2020-03-23[5] 2020-05-14[6] 52 52 City
Blida
Argentina Greater Buenos Aires 2020-03-19[7] 2020-11-08[8] 234 2021-05-22[9] 2021-05-30 9 2021-06-05[10] 2021-06-06 2 245 Metropolitan area
Rest of the country 2020-03-19[7] 2020-05-10[11] 52 2021-05-22[9] 2021-05-30 9 2021-06-05[10] 2021-06-06 2 63 National
Armenia 2020-03-24[12] 2020-05-04[13] 41 41 National
Australia Melbourne 2020-03-31[14] 2020-05-12[15][a] 43 2020-07-09[b][16][17] 2020-10-27[18] 111 2021-02-13[19] 2021-02-17[19] 5 2021-05-28[20] 2021-06-10[21] 14 2021-07-16[22] 2021-07-27[23] 12 2021-08-05[24] 2021-10-21[25] 78 263 Metropolitan area
Greater Shepparton 2020-03-31 2020-05-12[15] 43 2020-08-06[17] 2020-09-16[17] 41 2021-02-13[19] 2021-02-17[19] 5 2021-05-28 2021-06-03 7 2021-07-16[22] 2021-07-27[23] 12 2021-08-05[24] 2021-08-09 5 2021-08-21[26] 2021-09-15[27][28] 25 2021-10-02[29] 2021-10-09[30] 7 145 Local government area
Ballarat 2020-03-31 2020-05-12[15] 43 2020-08-06[17] 2020-09-16[17] 41 2021-02-13[19] 2021-02-17[19] 5 2021-05-28 2021-06-03 7 2021-07-16[22] 2021-07-27[23] 12 2021-08-05[24] 2021-08-09 5 2021-08-21[26] 2021-09-09[27][28] 20 2021-09-16[31] 2021-09-22[c][32][33] 7 140
Greater Geelong 2020-03-31 2020-05-12[15] 43 2020-08-06[17] 2020-09-16[17] 41 2021-02-13[19] 2021-02-17[19] 5 2021-05-28 2021-06-03 7 2021-07-16[22] 2021-07-27[23] 12 2021-08-05[24] 2021-08-09 5 2021-08-21[26] 2021-09-09[27][28] 20 2021-09-20[34] 2021-09-26[35] 7 140
Surf Coast Shire 2020-03-31 2020-05-12[15] 43 2020-08-06[17] 2020-09-16[17] 41 2021-02-13[19] 2021-02-17[19] 5 2021-05-28 2021-06-03 7 2021-07-16[22] 2021-07-27[23] 12 2021-08-05[24] 2021-08-09 5 2021-08-21[26] 2021-09-09[27][28] 20 2021-09-20[34] 2021-09-26[35] 7 140
Mitchell Shire 2020-03-31 2020-05-12[15] 43 2020-07-09[b][36] 2020-09-16[17] 70 2021-02-13[19] 2021-02-17[19] 5 2021-05-28 2021-06-03 7 2021-07-16[22] 2021-07-27[23] 12 2021-08-05[24] 2021-08-09 5 2021-08-21[26] 2021-09-09[27][28] 20 2021-09-20[34] 2021-10-13[d][37] 24 186
Mildura 2020-03-31 2020-05-12[15] 43 2020-08-06[17] 2020-09-16[17] 41 2021-02-13[19] 2021-02-17[19] 5 2021-05-28 2021-06-03 7 2021-07-16[22] 2021-07-27[23] 12 2021-08-05[24] 2021-08-09 5 2021-08-21[26] 2021-09-09[27][28] 20 2021-10-09[38] 2021-10-22[39] 14 147
Latrobe Valley 2020-03-31 2020-05-12[15] 43 2020-08-06[17] 2020-09-16[17] 41 2021-02-13[19] 2021-02-17[19] 5 2021-05-28 2021-06-03 7 2021-07-16[22] 2021-07-27[23] 12 2021-08-05[24] 2021-08-09 5 2021-08-21[26] 2021-09-09[27][28] 20 2021-09-29[40] 2021-10-06[41] 7 140 Region
Rest of regional Victoria[e] 2020-03-31 2020-05-12[15] 43 2020-08-06[17] 2020-09-16[17] 41 2021-02-13[19] 2021-02-17[19] 5 2021-05-28 2021-06-03 7 2021-07-16[22] 2021-07-27[23] 12 2021-08-05[24] 2021-08-09 5 2021-08-21[26] 2021-09-09[27][28] 20 133 State
South Australia 2020-11-19[42] 2020-11-22[43] 3 2021-07-21[44] 2021-07-27 7 62
Southern Tasmania 2021-10-16[45] 2021-10-19 3 55
Northern Beaches (NSW) 2020-12-19[46] 2021-01-10[47] 22 2021-06-26 2021-10-11[f][48] 107 181 Local government area
Brisbane 2021-01-08[49] 2021-01-11[49] 3 2021-03-29[50] 2021-04-01[51] 3 2021-06-29[52] 2021-07-03 4 2021-07-31[53] 2021-08-08[54] 8 67 Metropolitan area
Perth 2021-01-31[55] 2021-02-05[55] 5 2021-04-23[56] 2021-04-26[56] 3 2021-06-28[57] 2021-07-02[57] 4 61 Metropolitan area
Peel 2021-01-31[55] 2021-02-05[55] 5 2021-04-23[56] 2021-04-26[56] 3 2021-06-28 2021-07-02 4 61 Region
South West 2021-01-31[55] 2021-02-05[55] 5 57
Illawarra 2021-06-26[58] 2021-10-11[g][59][60][48] 107 159
Greater Sydney 2021-06-26[58] 2021-10-11[h][59][60][48] 107 159 Metropolitan area
Darwin 2021-06-27[61] 2021-07-02[62] 5 2021-08-16 2021-08-19 3 57 Metropolitan area
South East Queensland 2021-06-29[52] 2021-07-02 3 2021-07-31 2021-08-08 8 63 Region
Townsville 2021-06-29[52] 2021-07-02 3 2021-07-31 2021-08-08 8 63 Metropolitan area
Alice Springs 2021-06-30 [63] 2021-07-03 3 55 Metropolitan area
Central West 2021-07-20[64] 2021-07-27[64] 7 2021-08-14 2021-10-11[i][65] 58 117 Region
Hunter Region 2021-08-05[66][67] 2021-10-11[j][65] 67 119
Upper Hunter 2021-08-05[66] 2021-09-16[k][65][68] 42 94
Muswellbrook 2021-08-05[66] 2021-09-16[l][65][68] 42 2021-09-28[69] 2021-10-11[m] 13 107 Local government area
Armidale 2021-08-07[70] 2021-09-10[71] 34 87
Cairns Region 2021-08-08[72] 2021-08-11[73] 3 55 Region
Yarrabah 2021-08-08[72] 2021-08-11[73] 3 55 Local government area
Richmond Valley 2021-08-09[74] 2021-09-10[65][75] 32 84
Lismore 2021-08-09[74] 2021-09-10[65][71] 32 2021-09-16[68] 2021-09-23 7 2021-10-03[76] 2021-10-11 8 99
Byron Shire 2021-08-09[74] 2021-09-10[65][75] 32 2021-09-21[77] 2021-09-28 7 91
Ballina 2021-08-09[74] 2021-09-10[65][75] 32 84
Tamworth 2021-08-09[78] 2021-09-10[65][75][71] 32 84
Dubbo 2021-08-11[79] 2021-10-11[n][65][71] 61 113
Australian Capital Territory 2021-08-12[80] 2021-10-15[81] 61 114 Territory
Regional NSW[o] 2021-08-14[82] 2021-09-10[65][71] 28 81 Region
Mid-Coast 2021-08-14[82] 2021-09-10[65][71][83] 28 81 Local government area
South Coast[p] 2021-08-14[82] 2021-10-11[q][65][71] 57 109 Region
Bega Valley 2021-08-14[82] 2021-09-16[r][65][71][84] 33 85 Local government area
Goulburn–Mulwaree 2021-08-14[82] 2021-10-11[s][65][71] 57 109
Snowy Monaro 2021-08-14[82] 2021-09-16[t][65][71][84] 33 2021-09-30[85] 2021-10-11[86] 11 96
Yass Valley 2021-08-14[82] 2021-09-10[71] 28 2021-09-14[87] 2021-09-27 14 94
Albury (NSW) 2021-08-14[82] 2021-09-10[65][71] 28 2021-09-16[68] 2021-09-23 7 87
Cowra 2021-08-14[82] 2021-09-10[65][71] 28 2021-09-20[88] 2021-10-05[89] 14 94
Glen Innes Severn (NSW) 2021-08-14[82] 2021-09-10[65][71] 28 2021-09-17[90] 2021-09-24 7 87
Hilltops (NSW) 2021-08-14[82] 2021-09-10[65][71] 28 2021-09-17[90] 2021-10-01[91] 14 94
Port Macquarie-Hastings 2021-08-14[82] 2021-09-10[65][71] 28 2021-09-28[69] 2021-10-05 7 87
Oberon 2021-08-14[82] 2021-09-10[65][71] 28 2021-09-29[92] 2021-10-11[86] 12 92
Gunnedah 2021-08-14[82] 2021-09-10[65][71] 28 2021-10-05[93] 2021-10-11 6 86
Casino 2021-08-14[82] 2021-09-10[65][71] 28 2021-10-02[94] 2021-10-11 9 89 Town
Rest of the country[u] 2020-03-23[95] 2020-05-15[96] 52 52 National
Austria 2020-03-16[97] 2020-04-13[98] 28 2020-11-03[99] 2020-11-30[99] 27 2020-12-26[100] 2021-02-07[101] 43 2021-11-22[102] 2021-12-11[103] 20 118
Azerbaijan 2020-03-31[104] 2020-08-30[104] 152 152
Bangladesh 2020-03-26[105] 2020-05-16[106] 51 2021-04-05[107] 2021-07-14[108] 100 2021-07-23[109] 2021-08-10[110] 18 169
Barbados 2020-03-28[111] 2020-05-03[111] 36 36
Belgium 2020-03-18[112] 2020-05-04 [113] 47 2020-11-02[114] 2020-12-14[114] 42 2021-03-27[115] 2021-04-26[116] 30 119
Bermuda 2020-04-04[111] 2020-05-02[117] 28 28
Bhutan 2020-08-11[118] 2020-09-01[119] 21 21
Bolivia 2020-03-22[120] 2020-07-31[121] 131 131
Botswana 2020-04-02[122] 2020-04-30[122] 28 28
Brazil Santa Catarina 2020-03-17[123] 2020-04-07[123] 21 21 State
São Paulo 2020-03-24[124] 2020-05-10[125] 47 47
Bulgaria 2020-03-13[v][129][130] 2020-06-15[w][132][133] 94 2020-11-28 (de facto)[x][135] 2021-01-31[y][135][136] 65 2021-03-22[z][138] 2021-03-31 10 169 National
Cambodia Phnom Penh 2021-04-15[139] 2021-05-05[140] 21 21 Municipality
Ta Khmau
Canada British Columbia 2020-03-18[141] 2020-05-18[142] 61 2020-11-07[143] 2021-01-08[143] 62 123 Province
Ontario 2020-03-17[144][145] 2020-05-14 58 2021-04-03[146] 2021-05-01 28 86
Ontario - South 2020-12-26[147] 2021-01-23[147] 28 2021-04-08[148] 2021-06-02[148] 55 83 Region
Ontario - North 2020-12-26[147] 2021-01-09[147] 14 14
Quebec 2020-03-18 2020-05-04 47 2020-12-25[149] 2021-01-11[149] 18[149] 65 Province
Colombia 2020-03-25[150] 2020-06-30[151] 97 97 National
Congo 2020-03-31[152] 2020-04-20[152] 20 20
Costa Rica 2020-03-23[153] 2020-05-01[154] 39 39
Croatia 2020-03-18[155] 2020-05-11 32 2020-12-22[156] 2020-12-29[157] 7 39
Cyprus 2020-03-24[158] 2020-04-13[158] 20 2021-01-10[159] 2021-01-31[159] 21 2021-04-26[160] 2021-05-09[160] 13 54
Czech Republic 2020-03-16[97] 2020-04-12[161] 27 2020-10-22[162] 2021-03-28[162] 174 201
Denmark 2020-03-12[163] 2020-04-13[164] 33 2020-12-25[165] 2021-03-01[166] 66 99
Ecuador 2020-03-16[167] 2020-03-31[167] 15 15
El Salvador 2020-03-12[168] 2020-04-02[168] 21 21
Eritrea 2020-04-02[169] 2020-04-23[169] 21 21
Estonia 2021-03-11[170] 2021-04-11[170] 31 31 National
Fiji Lautoka 2020-03-20[171] 2020-04-07[172] 18 2021-04-19 18 City
Suva 2020-04-03[173] 2020-04-17[174] 14 14
France Nationwide 2020-03-17[175] 2020-05-11[176] 55 2020-10-30[177] 2020-12-15[178] 46 2021-04-04[179] 2021-05-03[179] 29 130 National
Paris 2021-03-19[180] 2021-04-18 30 131 Region
Finland 2021-03-08[181] 2021-03-28[181] 20 20 National
Georgia 2020-03-31[182] 2020-04-21[182] 21 21
Germany different regionally 2020-03-16[aa][184] 2020-05-30[185][186]
to 2020-05-11[187]
76 2020-11-02[188] 2021-03-01 to 2021-06-11[189][190] 119 to 222 179 to 298
Berchtesgadener Land 2020-10-20[191] 2020-11-03[192] 14 43 to 64 District
Ghana Accra 2020-03-30[193] 2020-04-12[194] 13 13 Metropolitan area
Kumasi
Greece Nationwide 2020-03-23[195] 2020-05-04[196] 42 2020-11-07[197] 2021-03-22[198] 135 177 National
Thessaloniki 2020-11-03[199] 139 181 Regional unit
Serres
Guernsey 2020-03-25[200] 2020-06-20[201] 87 2021-01-23[202] 2021-02-22[203] 30 117 National
Honduras 2020-03-20[204] 2020-05-17[205] 58 58
Hungary 2020-03-28[206] 2020-04-10[206] 13 13
India Nationwide 2020-03-25[207] 2020-06-07[208] 74 74
Bengaluru 2021-04-27[209] 2021-05-09 12 12 Region
Delhi 2021-04-19[210] 2021-05-31[211] 42 42 Region
Haryana 2021-05-03[212] 2021-05-10 7 7 State
Maharashtra 2021-04-14[213] 2021-06-15[214] 62 62 State
Odisha 2021-05-05[215] 2021-05-19 14 14 State
Rajasthan 2021-05-10[216] 2021-06-08[217] 29 29 State
Uttar Pradesh 2021-04-30[218] 2021-05-10[219] 10 10 State
Iran 2020-03-14[220] 2020-04-20[221] 37 2021-04-14[222] 2021-04-24 14 47 National
Iraq 2020-03-22[223] 2020-04-11[224] 20 20
Ireland All 26 counties 2020-03-12[ab][225][226] 2020-05-18[227] 67 2020-10-21[228] 2020-12-01[229] 41 2020-12-24[ac][230] 2021-04-12[231] 119 227
Kildare 2020-08-07[232][233] 2020-08-31[234] 24 24 Regional
Laois 2020-08-21[235] 14 14
Offaly
Israel Bnei Brak 2020-04-02[236] 2020-04-16[237] 14 30 42 86 City
Nationwide 2020-09-18[238] 2020-10-18[239] 2020-12-27[240] 2021-02-07[241] 72 National
Italy Nationwide 2020-03-09[ad][242] 2020-05-18[243] 70 2020-12-24[244][ae] 2021-01-06[244] 13 2021-03-15[245] 2021-04-30 46 129 National
Lombardy 2020-11-06[246] 2020-12-03[247] 27 2021-01-17 [248] 2021-01-30 13 110 Region
Piedmont 2020-11-06[246] 2020-12-03[247] 97
Aosta Valley 2020-11-06[246] 2020-12-03[247]
Calabria 2020-11-06[246] 2020-12-03[247]
Sicily 2021-01-17[248] 2021-01-30 13 83
Province of Bolzano 2021-01-17 [248] 2021-01-30 Province
Jamaica Saint Catherine 2020-04-15[249] 2020-04-22[249] 7 7 Parish
Jordan 2020-03-18[250] 2020-04-30[251] 43 2020-11-10[252] 2020-11-15[252] 5 48 National
Kosovo 2020-03-14[253] 2020-05-04 [254] 51 51
Kuwait 2020-05-10[255] 2020-05-31[255] 21 21
Lebanon 2020-03-15[256] 2020-03-28[256] 13 2020-11-14[257] 2020-11-28 14 27
Libya 2020-03-22[258] 2020-06-27[259] 97 97
Lithuania 2020-03-16[260] 2020-06-18[261] 94 2020-11-07[262] 2020-11-28 21 115
Madagascar Antananarivo 2020-03-23[263] 2020-04-20[264] 28 28 City
Toamasina
Malaysia 2020-03-18[265] 2020-06-09[266] 83 2021-01-13 2021-02-10 28 2021-06-01[267] 2021-08-16[268] 76 187 National
Mexico Nationwide 2020-03-23[269] 2020-06-01[269] 70 70
Chihuahua 2020-10-23[270] 2020-12-06 44 114 State
Durango 2020-11-03[271] 2020-12-06 33 103
Baja California 2020-12-07 70
Mexico City 2020-12-19[272] 70
State of Mexico 2020-12-19[272] 70
Morelos 2021-01-04 70
Guanajuato 2021-01-04 70
Mongolia 2020-03-10[273] 2020-03-16[273] 6 2020-11-17[274] 2020-12-01 15 21 National
Montenegro Tuzi 2020-03-24[275] 2020-05-05[276] 42 42 Municipality
Morocco 2020-03-19[277] 2020-06-10[278] 83 83 National
Myanmar
Yangon 2020-04-18[279] 2020-07-01[280] 74 2020-09-01[281] 2021-04-10[282] 220 2021-07-08[283] 2021-10-27[284] 111 405 City
Namibia 2020-03-27[af][285] 2020-05-04[286] 38 38
Nepal Nepal Nationwide 2020-03-24[287] 2020-07-21[288] 120 120
Kathmandu 2020-08-20[289] 2020-09-09[289] 21 141 City
Netherlands 2020-03-15[290] 2020-04-06[290] 22 2020-12-15[291] 2021-06-05[292] 172 2021-12-19[293] 2022-01-14[294] 26 220 National
New Zealand Nationwide 2020-03-23[295][296] 2020-05-13[297] 52 2021-08-18[295] 2021-09-07[295] 21 73 National
Auckland 2020-08-12[298] 2020-08-30[295] 19 2021-02-14[299] 2021-02-17[299] 3 2021-02-28[295] 2021-03-07[295] 7 2021-08-18[295] 2021-11-29(TBC)[300] 104 185 Region
Nigeria Abuja 2020-03-30[301] 2020-04-12[301] 13 13 City
Lagos
Ogun State
Northern Cyprus 2020-03-30[302] 2020-05-04[303] 35 35 National
North Korea Nationwide 2022-05-12[304] not set not set National
Kaesong 2020-07-25[305] 2020-08-14[306] 20 20 City
Oman Muscat 2020-04-10[307] 2020-05-29[308] 49 49 Governorate
Jalan Bani Bu Ali 2020-04-16[309] 2020-05-29[310] 43 43 Province
Pakistan 2020-03-24[311] 2020-05-09[312] 46 2021-05-08[313] 2021-05-18 10 46 National
Panama 2020-03-25[314] 2020-05-31
(downgraded to a night and weekend curfew)[315]
67 67
Papua New Guinea 2020-03-24[316] 2020-04-07[316] 14 14
Paraguay 2020-03-20[317] 2020-05-03[318] 44 44
Peru 2020-03-16[319] 2020-06-30[320] 106 106
Philippines Cebu 2020-03-27[321] 2020-05-15[ag][322]
to 2020-05-31[ah][323]
49 to 65 49 to 65 Province
Davao Region 2020-03-19[324] 2020-05-15[322] 57 57 Region
Luzon 2020-03-15[ai][325] 2020-04-30[aj][326]
to 2020-05-15[ak][327]
to 2020-05-31[ah][323]
46 to 61 to 77 2020-08-04[328][al] 2020-08-18[328][al] 15 2021-01-25 2021-02-15 21 2021-03-29 2021-09-15 170 61 to 92 Island group
Soccsksargen 2020-03-23[324] 2020-05-15[329] 53 53 Region
Poland 2020-03-13[330] 2020-04-11[331] 29 2020-12-28[332] 2021-01-17[332] 20 2021-03-20[333] 2021-04-25[334] 36 85 National
Portugal 2020-03-19[335] 2020-04-02[331] 14 2021-01-15[336] 2021-03-15[337] 59 73
Qatar Doha Industrial Area 2020-03-11[338] 2020-06-15[339] 96 96 Industrial park
Romania 2020-03-25[340] 2020-05-12[341] 48 48 National
Russia Moscow 2020-03-30[342] 2020-05-12[343][344] 43 2021-10-28[345] 2021-11-04 7 50 Metropolitan area
Rest of the country[am] 2020-03-28[346] 2020-04-30[346] 33 33 National
Rwanda 2020-03-21[347] 2020-04-19[348] 29 29
Samoa 2020-03-26[349] 2020-04-08[350] 13 13
San Marino 2020-03-14[351] 2020-05-05[352] 52 52
Saudi Arabia Jeddah 2020-03-29[353] 2020-06-21[354] 84 84 City
Mecca 2020-03-26[353] 87 87
Medina
Qatif 2020-03-09[355] 104 104 Area
Riyadh 2020-03-26[353] 87 87 City
Serbia 2020-03-15[331] 2020-04-21[356]
to 2020-05-04[357]
37 to 50 37 to 50 National
Singapore 2020-04-07[358] 2020-06-01[359] 56 2021-05-16[360] 2021-06-13 28 2021-07-22 2021-08-09 18 2021-09-27 2021-11-21

[361]

56 158
South Africa 2020-03-26[362] 2020-04-30[363] 35 2020-12-28 2021-01-15 18 2021-06-28 2021-07-25 27 80
Spain 2020-03-14[364] 2020-05-09[365] 56 56
Sri Lanka 2020-03-18[366] 2020-06-21[367] 95 2021-08-20[368] 2021-10-01[369] 42 137
Switzerland 2020-03-17[370] 2020-04-27[371] 41 2021-01-18[372] 2021-03-01[373] 42 83
Thailand 2020-03-25[374] 2020-05-31[375] 67 67
Trinidad and Tobago 2020-03-17[376] 2020-03-31[376] 14 14
Tunisia 2020-03-22[377] 2020-04-19[378] 28 28
Turkey 2020-04-23[379] 2020-04-27[379] 4 4 Only in 30 metropolitan cities and Zonguldak.
Nationwide 2021-04-29[380] 2021-05-17[380] 18 18 National
Ukraine 2020-03-17[331] 2020-04-24[331] 38 38
United Arab Emirates 2020-03-26[381] 2020-04-17[382] 22 22
United Kingdom England 2020-03-23[383] 2020-07-04[384] 103 2020-11-05[385] 2020-12-02[385] 27 2021-01-05[386] 2021-03-28[387][an] 83 213
Scotland 2020-06-29[388] 98 2020-12-26[389] 2021-04-02[390] 97 195
Northern Ireland 2020-07-03[391] 102 2020-11-27[392] 2020-12-11[392] 14 2020-12-26[393] 2021-04-12[394] 107 223 Country
Wales 2020-07-13[395] 112 2020-10-23[396] 2020-11-09[396] 17 2020-12-20[397] 2021-03-13[398][399][ao] 83 212
North West 2020-12-31[400] 2021-03-29 88 88 Region
North East 2020-12-31[400] 2021-03-29 88 88
East Midlands 2020-12-31[400] 2021-03-29 88 88
West Midlands 2020-12-31[400] 2021-03-29 88 88
Norfolk 2020-12-26[401] 2021-03-29 93 93 County
Suffolk 2020-12-26[402] 2021-03-29 93 93
Cambridgeshire 2020-12-26[403] 2021-03-29 93 93
Essex 2020-12-26[404] 2021-03-29 93 93
London area 2020-12-20[405] 2021-03-29 99 99 City
Kent & South East 2020-12-20[405] 2021-03-29 99 99 Region
Leicester 2020-06-30[406] 2020-07-24[407] 24 24 County
Glasgow 2020-11-20[408] 2020-12-11[408] 21 21
East Renfrewshire
Renfrewshire
East Dunbartonshire
West Dunbartonshire
North Lanarkshire
South Lanarkshire
East Ayrshire
South Ayrshire
West Lothian
Stirling
United States California 2020-03-19[409] 2021-06-15[410] 453 453 State
Connecticut 2020-03-23[411] 2020-04-22[412] 30 30 State
Illinois 2020-03-21[413] 2020-05-30[414] 70 70
Kansas City in Kansas 2020-03-24[415] 2020-04-19[416] 26 26 City
Massachusetts 2020-03-24[417] 2020-05-04[417] 41 41 State
Michigan 2020-03-24[418] 2020-04-13[412] 20 20
New York 2020-03-22[419] 2020-06-13[420] 83 83
Oregon 2020-03-24[421] 2020-05-15[422] 53 53
Wisconsin 2020-03-24[423] 2020-05-13[424] 50 50
Venezuela 2020-03-17[425] 2020-05-13 57 57 National
Vietnam Nationwide 2020-04-01[426] 2020-04-22[427] 21 21
Da Nang 2020-07-28[428] 2020-09-05[429] 39 60 City
Hai Duong 2021-02-16[430] 2021-03-02 14 35 Province, Chi Linh city lockdown began from 28 January.
Bac Ninh 2021-05-18[431][432] 23 23 4 districts and 1 city
Bac Giang 2021-05-18[433][434] 23 6 districts
Zimbabwe 2020-03-30[435] 2020-05-02[436] 33 33 National

Notes

  1. ^ Restrictions were further eased on the 1st of June 2021, however during the time between then and the 12th of May 2021, "Stay at home orders" were not active and hence this period didn't constitute what is internationally considered a "lockdown".
  2. ^ a b Stage 3 lockdown imposed on 8 July; Stage 4 lockdown imposed on 2 August 2020
  3. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  4. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  5. ^ All of Victoria except Melbourne, Greater Shepparton, Ballarat, Greater Geelong, Surf Coast Shire and Mitchell Shire
  6. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  7. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  8. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  9. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  10. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  11. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  12. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  13. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  14. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  15. ^ Applies for all others Regional NSW outside Greater Sydney, Hunter Region, Dubbo, Central West, South Coast, Goulburn, Queanbeyan-Palerang and Snowy Monaro
  16. ^ Applies for all South Coast except Bega Valley after 16/09/2021
  17. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  18. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  19. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  20. ^ End-date of lockdown is subject to the vaccine rollout or 0 cases for 14 days. Restrictions are set to be eased when 70% of the eligible population has been vaccinated
  21. ^ Applies for further measures in each Australian state and territory
  22. ^ Initially to last until 13 April 2020, included closures of universities, schools, restaurants and other establishments, a ban on mass gatherings, suspension of sports competitions for more than two months, certain temporary restrictions on the free movement of citizens, but no strict "Stay at home order".[126] A number of lockdown measures were already eased or lifted in April[127] and May 2020.[128]
  23. ^ Depending on the strictness of the definition for a lockdown; some sources such as Politico Europe consider it to have ended by 9 May, with a total duration of 57 days.[131]
  24. ^ Closures of all educational institutions, restaurants and other establishments, a ban on most cultural events, all excursions and forms of group tourism, children forbidden to participate in organized sports events, no "Stay at home order", described as a "soft" or "partial" lockdown and officially entered into force at 23:30 on 27 November.[134]
  25. ^ The lockdown was initially to end on 21 December 2020, but was subsequently extended until 31 January 2021, though with a few of the restrictions relaxed, such as children in kindergartens and in grades 1-4 being able to attend in-person classes from January 2021.
  26. ^ Preceded by some measures on the regional level, no "Stay at home order".[137]
  27. ^ Lockdown was started in Freiburg, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria on 20 March 2020. Two days later, it was expanded to the whole of Germany[183]
  28. ^ A national stay-at-home order was officially declared on 27 March
  29. ^ A full third lockdown was declared from 30 December and was repeatedly extended.
  30. ^ Lockdown was first started in Northern Italy on 8 March 2020, then expanded to the rest of Italy the following day
  31. ^ The lockdown was suspended on 28, 29, 30 December 2020 and 4 January 2021
  32. ^ Lockdown was started in the regions of Erongo and Khomas but effectively enforced countrywide. On 14 April the lockdown was extended to 4 May and to all of Namibia.
  33. ^ Except in Cebu City only where it was extended to 16 days
  34. ^ a b Lockdown was extended to areas under high risk COVID-19 zones
  35. ^ Lockdown was started in Metro Manila, but expanded to the rest of Luzon two days later, 17 March 2020
  36. ^ In most Luzon areas only, except Metro Manila and selected areas of Luzon are on high risk COVID-19 zones
  37. ^ Lockdown was extended to Metro Manila and remaining areas of Luzon
  38. ^ a b Metro Manila, Bulacan, Cavite and Rizal only.
  39. ^ Applies for mandatory holidays and further measures in each Russian region
  40. ^ England has followed an incremental easing of restrictions since 8 March 2021. Most lockdown restrictions were lifted between March and June, July 19 is the date set for the expiry of most legal restrictions in England. Although some sources describe this date as the "end" of lockdown, March 28 was the date in which the "stay at home orders" were ended. This fits the most internationally accepted definition of what constitutes a lockdown.
  41. ^ Most lockdown restrictions were lifted between March and June. March 13 was the date in which the "stay at home orders" were ended. This fits the most internationally accepted definition of what constitutes a lockdown.

In the table pandemic lockdowns are defined as the shutdown of parts of the economy,[437] due to non-pharmaceutical anti-pandemic measures and are enforceable by law like:

These measures are considered to have caused the coronavirus recession in 2020.[438] The table does not contain:

The pandemic has resulted in the largest number of shutdowns/lockdowns worldwide at the same time in history.[citation needed]. By 26 March, 1.7 billion people worldwide were under some form of lockdown,[439] which increased to 3.9 billion people by the first week of April – more than half of the world's population.[440][441]

Restrictions first began in China,[442] with other countries in East Asia like Vietnam soon following it in implementing widespread containment measures. Much of Europe, North America and Africa took much longer to bring in tough measures. Lockdowns between and within nations are of varying stringency.[443]

By mid April, nearly 300 million people, or about 90 per cent of the population, were under some form of lockdown in the United States,[444] around 100 million in the Philippines,[445] about 59 million in South Africa,[446] and 1.3 billion were under lockdown in India; the largest of all lockdowns.Check the list of COVID-19 Hotspots or containment Zones of India.[447][448]

By the end of April, around 300 million people were under lockdown in various countries of Europe, including but not limited to Italy, Spain, France, and the United Kingdom; while around 200 million people were under lockdown in Latin America.[445]

Countries and territories with lockdowns

China

China, where the pandemic originated, was the first country to enforce the quarantine and lockdown of cities and later whole provinces, starting at the end of January. Although such measures are a very old tool of epidemic control,[449][52] their use at the scale of a large city such as Wuhan or the even larger scale of provinces was controversial among experts at the time, with questions on their effectiveness[450][451][452] and their ethics.[453][52][454] Some public health experts, while not always condemning the measure, raised the issue of the inevitable psychological toll such measures would have.[455][456][457] An ex-World Health Organization (WHO) official who headed the organization's Western Pacific Region during the SARS outbreak said that "the containment of a city [hadn’t] been done in the history of international public health policy".[451] The WHO called the decision to quarantine Wuhan "new to science".[458] By early April, all lockdowns had ended or relaxed to a certain degree as the cases started to dwindle and the outbreak had come under control.[442][459]

Place Province Start date End date City level Population Cases Deaths Recoveries Active
Wuhan Hubei 2020-01-23 2020-04-08[460][461][462] Sub-provincial 11,081,000 50,340 3,869 46,471 0
Xiaogan Hubei 2020-01-24 2020-03-25[463] Prefectural 4,920,000 3,518 129 3,389 0
Huanggang Hubei 2020-01-23 2020-03-25[463] Prefectural 6,330,000 2,907 125 2,782 0
Jingzhou Hubei 2020-01-24 2020-03-17[464] Prefectural 5,590,200 1,580 52 1,528 0
Ezhou Hubei 2020-01-23 2020-03-25[463] Prefectural 1,077,700 1,394 59 1,335 0
Suizhou Hubei 2020-01-24 2020-03-25[463] Prefectural 2,216,700 1,307 45 1,262 0
Xiangyang Hubei 2020-01-28[465] 2020-03-25[463] Prefectural 5,669,000 1,175 40 1,135 0
Huangshi Hubei 2020-01-24 2020-03-13[466] Prefectural 2,470,700 1,015 39 976 0
Yichang Hubei 2020-01-24 2020-03-25[463] Prefectural 4,135,850 931 37 894 0
Jingmen Hubei 2020-01-24 2020-03-25[463] Prefectural 2,896,500 928 41 887 0
Xianning Hubei 2020-01-24 2020-03-25[463] Prefectural 2,543,300 836 15 821 0
Shiyan Hubei 2020-01-24 2020-03-25[463] Prefectural 3,406,000 672 8 664 0
Xiantao Hubei 2020-01-24 2020-03-25[463] Sub-prefectural 1,140,500 575 22 553 0
Tianmen Hubei 2020-01-24 2020-03-25[463] Sub-prefectural 1,272,300 496 15 481 0
Enshi Hubei 2020-01-24 2020-03-25[463] Prefectural 3,378,000 252 7 245 0
Qianjiang Hubei 2020-01-24 2020-03-13[467] Sub-prefectural 966,000 198 9 189 0
Shennongjia Hubei 2020-01-27 2020-03-25[463] Sub-prefectural 78,912 11 0 11 0
Wenzhou Zhejiang 2020-02-02 2020-02-20[468] Prefectural 9,190,000 507 1 503 3
Ürümqi Xinjiang 2020-07-18 2020-08-26[469] Prefectural 3,519,600 845 0 845 0
Shijiazhuang Hebei 2021-01-07 2021-01-31[470] Prefectural 11,031,200 977 1 962 14
Xi'an Shaanxi 2021-12-22[471] 2022-01-16[472] Sub-provincial 8,467,838 2,265 3 2,185 77
Yuzhou Henan 2022-01-04[473] 2022-01-31[474] County 1,167,000 - - - -
Anyang Henan 2022-01-10[475] 2022-02-03[476] Prefectural 5,477,614 522 0 522 0
Shenzhen Guangdong 2022-03-14[477][478] 2022-03-21[479][480] Sub-provincial 17,560,000 982 3 428 551
Shanghai Shanghai 2022-04-01[481] 2022-06-01[482] Direct-administered municipality 24,870,895
Lockdown total 101,602,895 68,135 4,512 63,623 0
Outbreak ongoing: Infection and fatality data as of 24:00 (UTC+8) 4 June 2020.[483][484] Totals will evolve.

Fiji

On 19 March, Fiji confirmed its first case, a 27 year old Fijian citizen who is a flight attendant of Fiji Airways. He had arrived from San Francisco returning via Nadi on 16 March. On 17 March, he had travelled from Nadi to Auckland and a return from Auckland to Nadi on the same day. He was admitted to Lautoka Hospital. [485] Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama announced a further extension of the ban to foreign nationals who have been present in the United States, as well as all of Europe including the United Kingdom. Also all travellers arriving in or returning to Fiji from outside of the country must self-isolate for 14 days.[19]

On 20 March, all schools and non-essential businesses in Lautoka had been closed at midnight, however banks, supermarkets, pharmacies and essential businesses remained open.[486][487] The Minister for Education, Heritage and Arts Rosy Akbar in consultation with the Prime Minister announced that the national term one school holidays that was initially scheduled from 20 April to 1 May will be brought forward to 23 March to 3 April.[488] Fiji Airways had suspended all international flights until the end of May, with the exception of twice-weekly services between Singapore and Nadi.[489] The government had established two fever clinics in Lautoka.[490]

France

As of 17 March 2020,[491] all people are required to complete and carry an exemption form to leave their homes and can be fined for non-essential journeys.[491] Essential journeys include shopping for food, travelling to work, accessing healthcare, and exercising within 1 km of the home for up to 1 hour. Police around the country have set up road blocks to check people who were out and about had good reason and that their exemption declarations were in order.

India

On 22 March 2020, the Government of India decided to completely lockdown 82 districts in 22 states and Union Territories of country where confirmed cases have been reported till 31 March.[492] Essential services and commodities were allowed. 80 cities including major cities such as Bengaluru, Chennai, Delhi, Mumbai, Pune and Kolkata were also put under lockdown until 31 March.[493] The country entered complete lockdown from 25 March 2020 for 21 days amid increase in number of cases.[494]

Ireland

On 12 March, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced a lockdown in Ireland to close all schools, colleges and childcare facilities until 29 March.[495] On 27 March, Varadkar announced a series of measures ordering the public to stay at home in all circumstances. All non-essential shops and services, including all pubs, bars, hotels and nightclubs closed and all public and private gatherings of any number of people was banned.[496][497] The Garda Síochána were given power to enforce the measures, which were repeatedly extended until 18 May.[498] A roadmap to easing restrictions in Ireland that includes five stages was adopted by the government on 1 May 2020 and subsequently published online.[499][500] On 5 June, Taoiseach Leo Varadkar announced a series of changes to the government's roadmap of easing COVID-19 restrictions in Ireland, which he summed up as: "Stay Local".[501]

Viral illustration during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Italy "God fights the Coronavirus above the world" by Giovanni Guida

Italy

Malaysia

Namibia

Beginning 27 March, a 21-day lockdown of the regions of Erongo and Khomas was announced.[285] On 14 April the lockdown was extended to 4 May. It now officially applied to all regions, although the stay-at-home order was already enforced countrywide. Only essential businesses remained open. Schools were closed, parliamentary sessions suspended, and generally all gatherings of more than 10 people were prohibited.[502] Formal and informal bars were closed and the sale of alcohol prohibited. This "stage 1" of the lockdown was in force until 4 May 2020. From then on, regulations are to be gradually eased.[503]

New Zealand

On 23 March 2020, Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern raised New Zealand's COVID-19 alert level[504] to three and announced the closure of all schools beginning on that day, and two days later moved to four at 11:59 p.m. on 25 March 2020 – a nationwide lockdown. While all sporting matches and events as well as non-essential services such as pools, bars, cafes, restaurants, playgrounds closed, essential services such as supermarkets, petrol stations, and health services remained open.[505][506][507]

The alert level was moved back down to Level 3 at 11:59 pm on 27 April, and moved to Level 2 at 11:59 pm on 13 May, lifting the rest of the lockdown restrictions while maintaining physical distancing.[508]

Philippines

Reduced pedestrian and vehicle traffic in Baliuag, Philippines as a result of the enhanced community quarantine

The Philippines has imposed various levels of lockdowns (from modified general community quarantine to enhanced community quarantine). All provinces and cities in the country has been placed on some form of lockdown at one point.[509]

Singapore

United Kingdom

At 8:30 p.m. on 23 March 2020, Prime Minister Boris Johnson announced a stay-at-home order effective immediately. All non-essential shops and services were ordered to close, and police were granted powers to issue fines, detain persons suspected of being infected and to break up gatherings of more than two people. The British population was instructed to stay at home, except for exercise (such as running, walking or cycling), shopping for essential items, any medical need, providing care to a vulnerable person, or travelling to work where the work in question was vital and could not be done from home. Johnson stated that the stay-at-home order would be reviewed after three weeks.[510] On 11 May, the UK-wide rules fractured and separate rules were announced at various times for the country's constituent territories. In England the "Stay at home" message became "Stay Alert" and those who could not work from home, including specifically construction and manufacturing workers, were encouraged to return to work albeit avoiding the use of public transport. On 13 May those in England were allowed to meet one other person not from their household outside whilst maintaining a 2-metre social distance and from 28 May groups of up to six from different households were allowed to meet outside. From 1 June, English schools were encouraged to re-open and vulnerable people shielding at home were allowed outside for the first time in approximately two months.

United States

States, territories, and counties that issued a stay-at-home order:
  Came into effect before 22 March
  Came into effect before 29 March
  Came into effect before 5 April
  Came into effect before 12 April

Stay-at-home orders in the United States have come from several states and a large number of local jurisdictions, sometimes leading to conflicts between different levels of government and a patchwork of inconsistent dates and rules.[511][512][513]

On 15 March 2020, Puerto Rico governor Wanda Vázquez Garced signed an executive order to order all citizens to stay home starting at 9 p.m. with exceptions in limited circumstances between 5 a.m. and 9 pm. Governmental operations and non-essential businesses were to be closed until 30 March.[514]

The first order within the states was simultaneously imposed by health authorities in heart of the San Francisco Bay Area (Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, San Mateo, and Santa Clara counties and the cities of San Francisco and Berkeley) effective 17 March 2020, affecting nearly 6.7 million people.[515] Other cities and counties across the state followed suit over the next two days, until Gavin Newsom, the governor of California, issued a statewide order effective 19 March 2020.[516]

On 20 March 2020, New York governor Andrew Cuomo announced the statewide stay-at-home order with a mandate that 100% of non-essential workforce to be conducted as working from home effective 22 March.[517] Illinois governor J. B. Pritzker followed that lead on the same day with a statewide order which would go into effect on 21 March at 5 pm.[518] Ned Lamont, the governor of Connecticut, signed an executive order called "Stay Safe, Stay At Home" to take effect statewide on 23 March at 8 p.m.

On 21 March 2020, New Jersey governor Phil Murphy announced a statewide stay-at-home order effective at 9 p.m. on the same day.[519]

On 22 March 2020, Ohio governor Mike DeWine and Ohio Department of Health director Amy Acton issued a statewide stay-at-home order effective 23 March.[520] In the afternoon, the Louisiana governor John Bel Edwards announced a statewide stay-at-home order in a press conference.[521] Delaware governor John Carney followed suit with a stay-at-home order for his state.[522]

Variable-message sign along Interstate 95 in Prince George's County, Maryland telling people to stay home and only travel for essential purposes

On 23 March 2020, several state governors announced their statewide stay-at-home order:

  • Massachusetts governor Charlie Baker ordered non-essential businesses to close in-person operations effective 24 March until 7 April and directed the Massachusetts Department of Public Health to issue a stay-at-home advisory.[523]
  • Michigan governor Gretchen Whitmer announced her statewide executive order to stay-at-home at 11:00 am for all non-essential businesses effective 24 March until 28 May.[524]
  • Indiana governor Eric Holcomb announced statewide stay-at-home order effective 25 March until 7 April.[525]
  • West Virginia governor Jim Justice ordered non-essential businesses to be closed immediately, and stay-at-home order effective at 8 pm.[526]
  • After growing calls from local officials on Sunday, Oregon governor Kate Brown issued a stay-at-home order on Monday effective immediately with class C misdemeanor charges for violators.[527]
  • New Mexico governor Michelle Lujan Grisham announced a statewide stay-at-home order that requires 100% of non-essential business workforce to work from home effective 24 March until 10 April.[528]
  • Washington governor Jay Inslee signed a statewide stay-at-home proclamation and ordered to close non-essential businesses effective 25 March for two weeks.[529]
  • Hawaii governor David Ige issued a statewide stay-at-home order effective 25 March which was similar to the orders that were previously issued for Maui and Honolulu counties.[530][531]
  • On 24 March 2020, Wisconsin governor Tony Evers issued a statewide stay-at-home order to close all non-essential businesses and ordered no gatherings of any size effective 25 March until 24 April.[532] Vermont governor Phil Scott signed a stay-at-home order and directed closure of in-person operations of non-essential businesses effective 25 March until 15 April.[533]
  • On 25 March, Idaho governor Brad Little and Minnesota governor Tim Walz issued stay-at-home orders for their respective states.[534][535] Colorado Governor Jared Polis issued a stay at home order effective on Thursday the 26th at 6 a.m. through 11 April 2020.[536]
  • On 2 April, Georgia governor Brian Kemp issued stay-at-home order effective Friday, 3 April 2020, until Monday, 13 April 2020.[537] It overrules any local stay-at-home restrictions previously in place, and instructs residents to stay at home unless they're conducting "essential services," meaning either traveling to and from jobs or other exceptions, including buying groceries; purchasing medical equipment; going out to exercise; and visiting medical facilities.[538] The same day, Dr. Anthony Fauci publicly questioned why all states were not under stay-at-home orders.[539][540]

Native American Nations

On 20 March 2020, Navajo Nation announced that it broadened the stay-at-home order to cover the entire reservation, which is the largest reservation in the country.[542]

On 23 March 2020, Yakama Nation announced its "Stay Home, Stay Healthy" order.[543]

Countries and territories without lockdowns

Almost all countries and territories affected with COVID-19 have introduced and enforced some form of lockdown. However, countries like South Korea and Taiwan, which relied on contact tracing by cellphones, have far fewer cases and deaths. Among the ones not following this strategy are, most notably, Sweden (the only European country with Belarus not to do so).[544] Measures in Sweden included the closing of universities and high schools and asking older and at-risk residents to avoid social contact, while keeping restaurants, primary schools and kindergartens open.[545][546]

Countries in Asia without lockdowns include, Japan[547] and South Korea.[548]

Nicaragua[549] is also yet to impose a lockdown while a proposed lockdown by the government has been ordered to be delayed by the High Court in Malawi.[550]

In the United States, a handful of states have not introduced any lockdown-type measures (commonly known as "stay-at-home orders").[551][552]

Countries and territories without lockdowns
Countries and territories Ref
Belarus [553]
Iceland
Japan [547]
Malawi [550]
Nicaragua [549]
South Korea [548]
Sweden [545]
Taiwan [554]
Timor-Leste
United States Arkansas [551][552]
Iowa
Nebraska
North Dakota
South Dakota
Wyoming

Debate

Several analysis have concluded that lockdowns did save lives in the aggregate, although admitting that data is insufficient to know how much of the reduction came from voluntary social distancing.[555] [556]Other epidemiologists have asserted that generalized lockdowns were enacted without reliable supporting data. Empirical studies have questioned whether lockdowns actually saved lives, since they did not target the most vulnerable and elderly populations yet risked new “deaths of despair” from unemployment and poverty. Further criticism has targeted the Imperial College projection that originally motivated generalized lockdowns in the US and UK as overly extreme and based on poorly designed code. Other academics have defended the Imperial projection as fundamentally sound, while admitting the code was “a buggy mess.”

The response to the pandemic has resulted in unprecedented expansion of government power. Advocates of small government worry that the state will be reluctant to give up that power once the crisis is over, as has often been the case historically.[557] Due to the perceived severity of such measures and the increase in government power, there has been much controversy surrounding lockdowns as a concept, with epidemiologists being divided on the issue, with notable proponents for lockdowns including Imperial College London's Neil Ferguson and Cambridge's Rajiv Chowdhury, and those against lockdowns including Mainz's Sucharit Bhakdi and Sweden's state epidemiologist: Anders Tegnell.[558][559]

See also

References

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  2. ^ "COVID-19 Educational Disruption and Response". UNESCO. 4 March 2020. Retrieved 28 March 2020.
  3. ^ "Albania extends lockdown till end of coronavirus outbreak". National Post. 1 April 2020. Retrieved 4 April 2020.
  4. ^ "Albania: COVID-19 lockdown measures eased from June 1 /update 12". National Post. 2 June 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
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