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'''Telewizja Polska S.A.''' ('''TVP''', or ''Polish Television'') is a [[Poland|Polish]] [[state media]] corporation.<ref name=rsf>{{cite web|url=https://rsf.org/en/poland|title=Poland|website=Reporters Without Borders}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/11/world/europe/poland-election-state-television-tvp.html|title=Poland's State Media Is Government's Biggest Booster Before Election|website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/tvp-pis-poland-media-battle-gets-political/|title=Poland's media battle gets political|website=Politico.eu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-media/polish-government-to-repolonize-media-in-next-term-deputy-pm-says-idUSKCN1TL1EX|title=Polish government to 'repolonize' media in next term, deputy PM says|website=Reuters}}</ref> It is the largest Polish television network.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nie ufamy mediom publicznym i częściej płacimy za treści|url=https://www.press.pl/tresc/62152,reuters-institute_-polacy-nie-ufaja-mediom-publicznym-i-czesciej-placa-za-tresci|access-date=2020-08-07|website=Press.pl|language=pl}}</ref> About a third of TVP's income comes from a [[television licence|broadcast receiver licence]], while the rest is covered by government subsidies, [[television advertisement|commercials]] and [[sponsor (commercial)|sponsor]]ships.
'''Telewizja Polska S.A.''' ('''TVP''', or ''Polish Television'') is a [[Poland|Polish]] [[state media]] corporation.<ref name=rsf>{{cite web|url=https://rsf.org/en/poland|title=Poland|website=Reporters Without Borders}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/11/world/europe/poland-election-state-television-tvp.html|title=Poland's State Media Is Government's Biggest Booster Before Election|website=The New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.politico.eu/article/tvp-pis-poland-media-battle-gets-political/|title=Poland's media battle gets political|website=Politico.eu}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-media/polish-government-to-repolonize-media-in-next-term-deputy-pm-says-idUSKCN1TL1EX|title=Polish government to 'repolonize' media in next term, deputy PM says|website=Reuters}}</ref> It is the largest Polish television network.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Nie ufamy mediom publicznym i częściej płacimy za treści|url=https://www.press.pl/tresc/62152,reuters-institute_-polacy-nie-ufaja-mediom-publicznym-i-czesciej-placa-za-tresci|access-date=2020-08-07|website=Press.pl|language=pl}}</ref> About a third of TVP's income comes from a [[television licence|broadcast receiver licence]], while the rest is covered by government subsidies, [[television advertisement|commercials]] and [[sponsor (commercial)|sponsor]]ships.

<!--Since 2015, TVP has been transformed into a [[propaganda]] outlet for the ruling [[Law and Justice]] party.<ref>{{cite web |title=A Leaderless Struggle for Democracy |url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2020/leaderless-struggle-democracy |website=Freedom House |language=en |quote=Poland’s legislative elections laid bare the extent to which the ruling Law and Justice party had politically captured the state media, whose taxpayer-funded broadcasts leading up to the voting amounted to partisan propaganda.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kalan |first1=Dariusz |title=Poland's State of the Media |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/11/25/poland-public-television-law-and-justice-pis-mouthpiece/ |accessdate=27 September 2020 |work=Foreign Policy |date=25 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Poland |url=https://rsf.org/en/poland |website=RSF |publisher=[[Reporters without borders]] |accessdate=27 September 2020 |language=en |quote=Partisan discourse and hate speech are still the rule within state-owned media, which have been transformed into government propaganda mouthpieces. Their new directors tolerate neither opposition nor neutrality from employees and fire those who refuse to comply.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kortas |first1=Olivia |title=Poland's TVP public television rift reveals PiS party split |url=https://www.dw.com/en/polands-tvp-public-television-rift-reveals-pis-party-split/a-52728399 |accessdate=27 September 2020 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=11 March 2020}}</ref><ref>[[OSCE]] [https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/6/2/464601.pdf 2020 presidential election final report]: "The public broadcaster (TVP) failed in its legal duty to provide impartial coverage, which could offset the editorial bias of the private media. Instead, TVP acted as a campaign vehicle for the incumbent."</ref> According to [[Timothy Garton Ash]], "the broadcaster has descended into the paranoid world of the [[far right]], where spotless, heroic, perpetually misunderstood Poles are being conspired against by dark, international [[Germany|German]]-[[Jews|Jewish]]-[[LGBT]]-plutocratic forces meeting secretly in [[Switzerland|Swiss]] chateaux."<ref>{{cite news |last1=Ash |first1=Timothy Garton |authorlink1=Timothy Garton Ash |title=Opinion: For a bitter taste of Polish populism, just watch the evening 'news' |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-for-a-bitter-taste-of-polish-populism-just-watch-the-evening-news/ |accessdate=27 September 2020 |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |date=10 July 2020}}</ref>--><!--The on-going discussion about this sentence; please keep it hidden until the discussion will end-->
Since 2015, TVP has faced a decline in viewership. It has been widely described as a [[propaganda]] outlet for the ruling [[Law and Justice]] party and compared with propaganda of the former Communist regime.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Połońska |first1=Eva |title=Public Service Broadcasting and Media Systems in Troubled European Democracies |date=2019 |publisher=Springer International Publishing |isbn=978-3-030-02710-0 |pages=227–255 |language=en |chapter=Watchdog, Lapdog, or Attack Dog? Public Service Media and the Law and Justice Government in Poland}}</ref><ref name="Guardian" /><ref>{{cite web |title=A Leaderless Struggle for Democracy |url=https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2020/leaderless-struggle-democracy |website=Freedom House |language=en |quote=Poland’s legislative elections laid bare the extent to which the ruling Law and Justice party had politically captured the state media, whose taxpayer-funded broadcasts leading up to the voting amounted to partisan propaganda.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kalan |first1=Dariusz |title=Poland's State of the Media |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/11/25/poland-public-television-law-and-justice-pis-mouthpiece/ |accessdate=27 September 2020 |work=Foreign Policy |date=25 November 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Poland |url=https://rsf.org/en/poland |website=RSF |publisher=[[Reporters without borders]] |accessdate=27 September 2020 |language=en |quote=Partisan discourse and hate speech are still the rule within state-owned media, which have been transformed into government propaganda mouthpieces. Their new directors tolerate neither opposition nor neutrality from employees and fire those who refuse to comply.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Kortas |first1=Olivia |title=Poland's TVP public television rift reveals PiS party split |url=https://www.dw.com/en/polands-tvp-public-television-rift-reveals-pis-party-split/a-52728399 |accessdate=27 September 2020 |work=Deutsche Welle |date=11 March 2020}}</ref><ref>[[OSCE]] [https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/6/2/464601.pdf 2020 presidential election final report]: "The public broadcaster (TVP) failed in its legal duty to provide impartial coverage, which could offset the editorial bias of the private media. Instead, TVP acted as a campaign vehicle for the incumbent."</ref> TVP has also faced criticism for its portrayal of LGBT people, the political opposition, Jews, and other groups as a shadowy conspiracy seeking to undermine Poland.<ref name=Ash/><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Żuk |first1=Piotr |title=One Leader, One Party, One Truth: Public Television Under the Rule of the Populist Right in Poland in the Pre-Election Period in 2019 |journal=Javnost - The Public |date=2020 |volume=27 |issue=3 |pages=287–307 |doi=10.1080/13183222.2020.1794413}}</ref>


==Timeline of Polish TV service==
==Timeline of Polish TV service==
Line 164: Line 165:


<section begin=Trzaskowski spełni żydowskie żądania?/>During the 2020 presidential campaign, the state television broadcast a segment of [[Wiadomości]] called ''[[Trzaskowski spełni żydowskie żądania?]]'' ("Will Trzaskowski meet Jewish demands?") regarding the Civic Platform candidate [[Rafał Trzaskowski]]. A complaint was made by the [[American Jewish Committee]], Union of Jewish Religious Communities, the Chief Rabbi of Poland, to the Polish {{ill|Media Ethics Council|pl}} regarding antisemitism in the program. The Council concluded not only were antisemitic statements made in the show, it did not uphold [[journalistic standards]]: Wiadomości "turned into an instrument of propaganda of one of the candidates in this election".<ref>{{cite news |title=Rada Etyki Mediów o "Wiadomościach": "To instrument propagandy" |url=https://www.kobieta.pl/artykul/rada-etyki-medialnej-skomentowala-pasek-tvp-te-slowa-powinien-przeczytac-kazdy-trzaskowski-spelni-zydowskie-zadania-powodem-skargi-do-rady-etyki-medialnej-200722032257 |accessdate=30 October 2020 |work=www.kobieta.pl |language=pl-PL}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Polish state TV incited hatred against Jews, media ethics panel says |url=https://www.jta.org/2020/06/19/global/polish-state-tv-incited-hatred-against-jews-media-ethics-panel-says |accessdate=30 October 2020 |work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=19 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Staff |first1=Reuters |title=Jewish group slams Polish public TV for 'hateful' role in presidential race |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-election/jewish-group-slams-polish-public-tv-for-hateful-role-in-presidential-race-idUSKBN24B1ZE |accessdate=30 October 2020 |work=Reuters |date=10 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Leading presidential hopeful would 'satisfy Jewish claims' for Holocaust restitution, Polish state TV warns |url=https://www.jta.org/2020/06/16/global/leading-presidential-hopeful-would-satisfy-jewish-claims-for-holocaust-restitution-polish-state-tv-warns |accessdate=30 October 2020 |work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=16 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Wyborcza.pl |url=https://wyborcza.pl/7,75398,26131458,tvp-atakowala-trzaskowskiego-antysemicka-kalka.html |accessdate=30 October 2020 }}</ref><section end=Trzaskowski spełni żydowskie żądania?/><ref>{{cite news |title=Organizacje żydowskie złożyły skargę na "Wiadomości" |url=https://jewish.pl/pl/2020/07/15/organizacje-zydowskie-zlozyly-skarge-na-wiadomosci/ |accessdate=30 October 2020 |work=JEWISH.PL |language=pl-PL}}</ref>
<section begin=Trzaskowski spełni żydowskie żądania?/>During the 2020 presidential campaign, the state television broadcast a segment of [[Wiadomości]] called ''[[Trzaskowski spełni żydowskie żądania?]]'' ("Will Trzaskowski meet Jewish demands?") regarding the Civic Platform candidate [[Rafał Trzaskowski]]. A complaint was made by the [[American Jewish Committee]], Union of Jewish Religious Communities, the Chief Rabbi of Poland, to the Polish {{ill|Media Ethics Council|pl}} regarding antisemitism in the program. The Council concluded not only were antisemitic statements made in the show, it did not uphold [[journalistic standards]]: Wiadomości "turned into an instrument of propaganda of one of the candidates in this election".<ref>{{cite news |title=Rada Etyki Mediów o "Wiadomościach": "To instrument propagandy" |url=https://www.kobieta.pl/artykul/rada-etyki-medialnej-skomentowala-pasek-tvp-te-slowa-powinien-przeczytac-kazdy-trzaskowski-spelni-zydowskie-zadania-powodem-skargi-do-rady-etyki-medialnej-200722032257 |accessdate=30 October 2020 |work=www.kobieta.pl |language=pl-PL}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Polish state TV incited hatred against Jews, media ethics panel says |url=https://www.jta.org/2020/06/19/global/polish-state-tv-incited-hatred-against-jews-media-ethics-panel-says |accessdate=30 October 2020 |work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=19 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Staff |first1=Reuters |title=Jewish group slams Polish public TV for 'hateful' role in presidential race |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-election/jewish-group-slams-polish-public-tv-for-hateful-role-in-presidential-race-idUSKBN24B1ZE |accessdate=30 October 2020 |work=Reuters |date=10 July 2020 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Leading presidential hopeful would 'satisfy Jewish claims' for Holocaust restitution, Polish state TV warns |url=https://www.jta.org/2020/06/16/global/leading-presidential-hopeful-would-satisfy-jewish-claims-for-holocaust-restitution-polish-state-tv-warns |accessdate=30 October 2020 |work=Jewish Telegraphic Agency |date=16 June 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Wyborcza.pl |url=https://wyborcza.pl/7,75398,26131458,tvp-atakowala-trzaskowskiego-antysemicka-kalka.html |accessdate=30 October 2020 }}</ref><section end=Trzaskowski spełni żydowskie żądania?/><ref>{{cite news |title=Organizacje żydowskie złożyły skargę na "Wiadomości" |url=https://jewish.pl/pl/2020/07/15/organizacje-zydowskie-zlozyly-skarge-na-wiadomosci/ |accessdate=30 October 2020 |work=JEWISH.PL |language=pl-PL}}</ref>

According to [[Timothy Garton Ash]], "the broadcaster has descended into the paranoid world of the [[far right]], where spotless, heroic, perpetually misunderstood Poles are being conspired against by dark, international [[Germany|German]]-[[Jews|Jewish]]-[[LGBT]]-plutocratic forces meeting secretly in [[Switzerland|Swiss]] chateaux."<ref name=Ash>{{cite news |last1=Ash |first1=Timothy Garton |authorlink1=Timothy Garton Ash |title=Opinion: For a bitter taste of Polish populism, just watch the evening 'news' |url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/opinion/article-for-a-bitter-taste-of-polish-populism-just-watch-the-evening-news/ |accessdate=27 September 2020 |work=[[The Globe and Mail]] |date=10 July 2020}}</ref>


==International cooperation==
==International cooperation==

Revision as of 11:58, 19 December 2020

TVP
Telewizja Polska S.A.
CountryPoland
Lithuania (regional)
Headquarters17 Woronicza Street
Warsaw, Poland
Ownership
OwnerGovernment of Poland
History
Launched25 October 1952; 71 years ago (1952-10-25)
Links
Websitetvp.pl

Telewizja Polska S.A. (TVP, or Polish Television) is a Polish state media corporation.[1][2][3][4] It is the largest Polish television network.[5] About a third of TVP's income comes from a broadcast receiver licence, while the rest is covered by government subsidies, commercials and sponsorships.

Since 2015, TVP has faced a decline in viewership. It has been widely described as a propaganda outlet for the ruling Law and Justice party and compared with propaganda of the former Communist regime.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12] TVP has also faced criticism for its portrayal of LGBT people, the political opposition, Jews, and other groups as a shadowy conspiracy seeking to undermine Poland.[13][14]

Timeline of Polish TV service

TVP headquarters at 17 Jan Paweł Woronicz Street (ul. Jana Pawła Woronicza), Warsaw, Poland[15]
  • 1935: The PIT (Państwowy Instytut Telekomunikacyjny - National Telecommunications Institute) starts working together with Polish Radio on establishing the first television service.
  • 1937: Completion of the first black-and-white broadcasting station.
  • 1938: Experimental channel launched, regular programming scheduled for 1941.
  • 1939: All equipment destroyed by the German Army.
  • 1947: PIT resumes work on television broadcasting.
  • 1951: First Polish telecast after the Second World War.
  • 1952: Beginning of regular programming.
  • 1958: Newscast Dziennik Telewizyjny ("Journal") was founded.
  • 1970: TVP2 was founded.
  • 1971: Start of colour broadcasting (in SECAM).
  • 1989: Introduction of a teletext service.
  • 1989: Dziennik Telewizyjny was replaced by Wiadomości ("News").
  • 1992: Telewizja Polska Spółka Akcyjna comes into existence upon the separation of television and radio public broadcasting by an act of parliament.
  • 1992: TVP Polonia starts test transmissions.
  • 1993: Polskie Radio i Telewizja (Polish Radio and Television) joins the European Broadcasting Union as an active member (regrouping of OIRT and UER).
  • 1994: Beginning of the change over from SECAM to PAL for all channels except TVP1.
  • 1995: Change over from SECAM to PAL was completed as TVP1 moved to this colour standard.
  • 2003: Change of TVP logotype.
  • 2009: New main headquarters building opened in Warsaw.
  • 2013: Analogue terrestrial television was switched-off

TVP channels

Bolded channels are accessible in Poland via DVB-T. TVP HD and TVP Seriale are pay television. TVP Polonia, TVP Info and TVP Historia are also available on DVB-T in Lithuania.

General and regional channels

  • TVP1: mostly news, current affairs, movies, dramas, children's and sports. Broadcasts 23.5 hours per day.
  • TVP2: mostly news, movies, comedy, soap operas, series, stand-up comedy, culture, sports and game shows. Broadcasts 23.5 hours per day.
Audience share in 2013 [16]
Channel Total viewing (%)
TVP1 13.17%
TVP2 10.30%
TVP Info 2.61%
TVP Seriale 1.14%
TVP Polonia 0.68%
TVP Rozrywka 0.48%
TVP Historia 0.45%
TVP Kultura 0.41%
TVP HD 0.37%
TVP3 0.36%
TVP4 0.00%
TVP6 0.00%
TVP Sport 0.29%
Belsat 0.29%
TVP Parlament 0.09%
Poland In 0.01%
Total 30.26%

HD channels

  • TVP1 HD: HD version of TVP1, introduced 1 June 2012;
  • TVP2 HD: HD version of TVP2, introduced 1 June 2012;
  • TVP Info HD: HD version of TVP Info, introduced 30 September 2016;
  • TVP HD: the best productions of TVP in HD, introduced 6 August 2008;
  • TVP Sport HD: HD version of TVP Sport, introduced 12 January 2014.
  • TVP Kultura HD: HD version of TVP Kultura, introduced 23 October 2019.

Specialty channels

  • TVP Info: news channel. Broadcasts 24 hours per day.
  • TVP Historia: focusing on history. Broadcasts 20 hours per day.
  • TVP Kultura: high-brow culture channel. Broadcasts 21 hours per day.
  • TVP Rozrywka: focusing on entertainment available on cable, satellite and DSL. Broadcasts 21 hours per day.
  • TVP Seriale: focusing on series. Broadcasts 22 hours per day.
  • TVP Sport: sport channel. Broadcasts 24 hours per day.
  • TVP ABC: Children's channel. Broadcasts 18 hours per day.
  • TVP Parlament: parliamentary channel. Broadcasts online.
  • TVP Eszkoła: education channel. Broadcasts online and 4 hours per day.

International channels

  • TVP Polonia – retransmits selected TVP programming for the Polish diaspora (the so-called Polonia) in the US, Canada, Latin America, Australia and New Zealand, South Africa, Europe, and the Caucasus. Broadcasts 24 hours per day.
  • Belsat TV – channel in the Belarusian language presenting news and subject-specific programming for the people of western Belarus. Broadcasts 16 hours per day.
  • TVP Wilno – channel presenting news and programming for the Polish diaspora in the Vilnius region of Lithuania, available in DVB-T in this country.

Post-2015 changes

In 2015, the government passed a law allowing it to directly appoint the head of TVP.[17] Since then, TVP has been criticized for becoming unduly biased towards the ruling Law and Justice (PiS) party.[18] In 2018, The Economist stated: "the [TVP] anchors... praise PiS slavishly while branding its critics treacherous crypto-communists.[19]

The press freedom organisation Reporters Without Borders wrote in its 2019 assessment of Polish press freedom that "many blamed state-owned TV broadcaster TVP’s 'hate propaganda' for Gdansk mayor Pawel Adamowicz's murder in January 2019."[1] Ahead of the 2019 European parliament elections, TVP ran 105 segments of the election of which 68 of 69 focused on the ruling party were positive and all 33 about the opposition were negative, according to a study by the Society of Journalists.[7] Polish political scientist and anti-racism activist Rafał Pankowski stated, "I am old enough to remember Communist-controlled television in the 1980s, and I can safely say that what we have now is cruder, more primitive, and more aggressive than anything that was broadcast at that time."[7]

TVP was heavily criticised in the run-up to the 2020 Polish presidential election, being described as the "mouthpiece" of the government[20] and as "peddl[ing] government hate speech" by the organisation Reporters Without Borders.[21]

In 2020, the station was ordered to retract a documentary, Inwazja, released just before the 2019 elections. Comparing the LGBT movement unfavorably to the Swedish Deluge and Communism, the documentary claimed that there is an "LGBT invasion" of Poland and that LGBT organizations have the goal of legalizing pedophilia. It was found to defame the Campaign Against Homophobia organization. Ombudsman Adam Bodnar stated, "The material not only reproduces stereotypes and heightens social hatred towards LGBT people, but also manipulates facts."[22][23][7][24]

During the 2020 presidential campaign, the state television broadcast a segment of Wiadomości called Trzaskowski spełni żydowskie żądania? ("Will Trzaskowski meet Jewish demands?") regarding the Civic Platform candidate Rafał Trzaskowski. A complaint was made by the American Jewish Committee, Union of Jewish Religious Communities, the Chief Rabbi of Poland, to the Polish Media Ethics Council [pl] regarding antisemitism in the program. The Council concluded not only were antisemitic statements made in the show, it did not uphold journalistic standards: Wiadomości "turned into an instrument of propaganda of one of the candidates in this election".[25][26][27][28][29][30]

According to Timothy Garton Ash, "the broadcaster has descended into the paranoid world of the far right, where spotless, heroic, perpetually misunderstood Poles are being conspired against by dark, international German-Jewish-LGBT-plutocratic forces meeting secretly in Swiss chateaux."[13]

International cooperation

In 2015, TVP had an agreement with the BBC, under which they will work together on film and television productions.[31][needs update]

The French-German TV liberal arts network ARTE cancelled a 15-year cooperation with TVP,[32] when it learned in February 2009 that TVP's general director, Piotr Farfał, was a member of the League of Polish Families, which opposed Arte’s "philosophy based on intercultural exchange"[33] and "the party that TVP's chairman is presently connected with does not share European values".[34] It was again cancelled in January 2016 after an amendment of the media law in Poland, which caused fears of a lack of pluralism and independence of TVP.[35]

Logo history

  • 1952–1992: white-red inscription TP.
  • 1992–2003: Green letter T, red V, blue P, and the word TELEWIZJA POLSKA S.A. and three stripes: red, green and blue. In addition to letters three lines.
  • 2003–present: TVP logo and lettering TELEWIZJA POLSKA.
  • 1952–1992
    1952–1992
  • 1992–2003
    1992–2003
  • 2003–present
    2003–present

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Poland". Reporters Without Borders.
  2. ^ "Poland's State Media Is Government's Biggest Booster Before Election". The New York Times.
  3. ^ "Poland's media battle gets political". Politico.eu.
  4. ^ "Polish government to 'repolonize' media in next term, deputy PM says". Reuters.
  5. ^ "Nie ufamy mediom publicznym i częściej płacimy za treści". Press.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 2020-08-07.
  6. ^ Połońska, Eva (2019). "Watchdog, Lapdog, or Attack Dog? Public Service Media and the Law and Justice Government in Poland". Public Service Broadcasting and Media Systems in Troubled European Democracies. Springer International Publishing. pp. 227–255. ISBN 978-3-030-02710-0.
  7. ^ a b c d Davies, Christian (11 October 2019). "'Cruder than the Communists': Polish TV goes all out for rightwing vote". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  8. ^ "A Leaderless Struggle for Democracy". Freedom House. Poland's legislative elections laid bare the extent to which the ruling Law and Justice party had politically captured the state media, whose taxpayer-funded broadcasts leading up to the voting amounted to partisan propaganda.
  9. ^ Kalan, Dariusz (25 November 2019). "Poland's State of the Media". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  10. ^ "Poland". RSF. Reporters without borders. Retrieved 27 September 2020. Partisan discourse and hate speech are still the rule within state-owned media, which have been transformed into government propaganda mouthpieces. Their new directors tolerate neither opposition nor neutrality from employees and fire those who refuse to comply.
  11. ^ Kortas, Olivia (11 March 2020). "Poland's TVP public television rift reveals PiS party split". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  12. ^ OSCE 2020 presidential election final report: "The public broadcaster (TVP) failed in its legal duty to provide impartial coverage, which could offset the editorial bias of the private media. Instead, TVP acted as a campaign vehicle for the incumbent."
  13. ^ a b Ash, Timothy Garton (10 July 2020). "Opinion: For a bitter taste of Polish populism, just watch the evening 'news'". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 27 September 2020.
  14. ^ Żuk, Piotr (2020). "One Leader, One Party, One Truth: Public Television Under the Rule of the Populist Right in Poland in the Pre-Election Period in 2019". Javnost - The Public. 27 (3): 287–307. doi:10.1080/13183222.2020.1794413.
  15. ^ "Redakcja tvp.pl" (in Polish). TVP S.A. Retrieved 2012-08-19.
  16. ^ "TVP1, TVN, Polsat i TVP2 mocno w dół w 2013 r. (top 122)". wirtualnemedia.pl. 2 January 2014.
  17. ^ "Poland profile - Media". BBC News. 21 January 2019. Retrieved 31 October 2020.
  18. ^ ‘Cruder than the Communists’: Polish TV goes all out for rightwing vote The Guardian, 2019
  19. ^ "Poland's ruling Law and Justice party is doing lasting damage". The Economist. Retrieved 2018-04-27.
  20. ^ Santora, Marc; Berendt, Joanna (2019-10-11). "Poland's State Media Is Government's Biggest Booster Before Election". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-07-11.
  21. ^ "Polish public broadcaster peddles government hate speech in presidential election run-up". Reporters Without Borders. 24 June 2020. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020.
  22. ^ Bretan, Juliette (8 June 2020). "Court orders Polish state broadcaster TVP to take down online anti-LGBT film". Notes From Poland. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  23. ^ "KPH wygrywa w sądzie z TVP. Podatnicy dowiedzą się, ile kosztowała homofobiczna "Inwazja"". oko.press. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  24. ^ "TVP o Inwazji LGBT: "Potop", "gorsza niż najbardziej zagorzali komuniści", "czeka nas legalizacja pedofilii"". oko.press. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  25. ^ "Rada Etyki Mediów o "Wiadomościach": "To instrument propagandy"". www.kobieta.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  26. ^ "Polish state TV incited hatred against Jews, media ethics panel says". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 19 June 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  27. ^ Staff, Reuters (10 July 2020). "Jewish group slams Polish public TV for 'hateful' role in presidential race". Reuters. Retrieved 30 October 2020. {{cite news}}: |first1= has generic name (help)
  28. ^ "Leading presidential hopeful would 'satisfy Jewish claims' for Holocaust restitution, Polish state TV warns". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. 16 June 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  29. ^ "Wyborcza.pl". Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  30. ^ "Organizacje żydowskie złożyły skargę na "Wiadomości"". JEWISH.PL (in Polish). Retrieved 30 October 2020.
  31. ^ "TVP stawia na współpracę z BBC. Nowe produkcje". Media2.pl. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  32. ^ arte.tv. Archived 2012-07-08 at archive.today
  33. ^ "Libertas to cut links with controversial Polish political party". The Irish Times. 19 March 2009. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  34. ^ Nick Holdsworth. "Dual peril for Poland's top pubcaster". Variety. Retrieved 12 July 2015.
  35. ^ Francuska TV ARTE zrywa współpracę z TVP (in Polish)

External links

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