List of prime ministers of Canada: Difference between revisions
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[[File:Prime Ministers of Canada to 1963.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Canada's Prime Ministers from 1867 to 1967]] |
[[File:Prime Ministers of Canada to 1963.jpg|right|thumb|300px|Canada's Prime Ministers from 1867 to 1967]] |
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The [[Prime Minister of Canada]] is an official who everthing is wrong |
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The [[Prime Minister of Canada]] is an official who serves as the primary [[Minister of the Crown]], chairman of the [[Cabinet of Canada|Cabinet]], and thus [[Head of government|Head of Government]] of [[Canada]]. Officially, the Prime Minister is appointed by the [[Governor General of Canada]], but by constitutional convention the Prime Minister must have the confidence of the [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]]. Normally, this is the leader of the party caucus with the greatest number of seats in the House, but if that leader lacks support of the majority in the House, the Governor General can appoint another leader who has the support of a majority, or may dissolve parliament and call a new election. By [[Constitutional convention (political custom)|constitutional convention]], a prime minister must hold a seat in parliament, and since the early 20th century this has more specifically meant the elected [[House of Commons of Canada|House of Commons]].<ref>{{Citation| last=Forsey| first=Eugene| author-link=Eugene Forsey| title=How Canadians Govern Themselves| place=Ottawa| publisher=Queen's Printer for Canada| year=2005| edition=6| url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Sites/LOP/AboutParliament/Forsey/PDFs/How_Canadians_Govern_Themselves-6ed.pdf| page=38| isbn=0-662-39689-8| accessdate=24 March 2011| ref=CITEREF_Forsey_2005}}</ref> |
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The office is not outlined in any of the documents that constitute the written portion of the [[Constitution of Canada]]; [[executive authority]] is formally vested in the sovereign and exercised on his or her behalf by the Governor General. The prime ministership is part of Canada's constitutional convention tradition. The office was initially modelled after the job as it existed in Britain at the time. [[Sir John A. Macdonald]] was formally commissioned by [[Charles Monck, 4th Viscount Monck|Lord Monck]] on May 24, 1867 to form the first [[Government of Canada|Canadian Government]] under [[Canadian Confederation|Confederation]]. [[Canada Day|On July 1]], 1867 the [[1st Canadian Ministry|First Ministry]] assumed office.<ref name=1July/> |
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The date for which a Prime Minister begins his or her term has been determined by the date that he or she is sworn into his or her [[Ministry (government department)|portfolio]], as an [[oath of office]] as Prime Minister is not required.<ref name="Guide">{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation: Life of a Ministry|url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/#LIFE|publisher=Government of Canada [[Privy Council Office (Canada)|Privy Council Office]]|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref> However, starting in 1957 the incoming Prime Minister has sworn an oath as Prime Minister; as of 2006, this tradition has continued.<ref name="Guide"/> Before 1920, the Prime Ministers' resignations were accepted immediately by the Governor General, and the last day of the ministries were the date he died, or the date of resignation.<ref name="Guide"/> Since 1920, the outgoing Prime Minister has only formally resigned when the new government is ready to be formed.<ref name="Guide"/> The ''Interpretation Act of 1967'' states that "where an appointment is made effective or terminates on a specified day, that appointment is considered to be effective or to terminate after the end of the previous day."<ref name="Guide"/> Although, traditionally, the outgoing Prime Minister formally resigns only hours before the incoming ministry swears their oaths, both during the day, the ministries are effectively changed at [[midnight]], the night before. Some sources, including the [[Parliament of Canada]], apply this convention as far back as 1917.<ref name="Gallery">{{cite web|title=Prime Ministers of Canada: Gallary |url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Compilations/FederalGovernment/PrimeMinisters/Gallery.aspx|publisher=Parliament of Canada|date=15 January 2007|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref> |
The date for which a Prime Minister begins his or her term has been determined by the date that he or she is sworn into his or her [[Ministry (government department)|portfolio]], as an [[oath of office]] as Prime Minister is not required.<ref name="Guide">{{cite web|title=Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation: Life of a Ministry|url=http://www.pco-bcp.gc.ca/mgm/#LIFE|publisher=Government of Canada [[Privy Council Office (Canada)|Privy Council Office]]|date=14 October 2009|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref> However, starting in 1957 the incoming Prime Minister has sworn an oath as Prime Minister; as of 2006, this tradition has continued.<ref name="Guide"/> Before 1920, the Prime Ministers' resignations were accepted immediately by the Governor General, and the last day of the ministries were the date he died, or the date of resignation.<ref name="Guide"/> Since 1920, the outgoing Prime Minister has only formally resigned when the new government is ready to be formed.<ref name="Guide"/> The ''Interpretation Act of 1967'' states that "where an appointment is made effective or terminates on a specified day, that appointment is considered to be effective or to terminate after the end of the previous day."<ref name="Guide"/> Although, traditionally, the outgoing Prime Minister formally resigns only hours before the incoming ministry swears their oaths, both during the day, the ministries are effectively changed at [[midnight]], the night before. Some sources, including the [[Parliament of Canada]], apply this convention as far back as 1917.<ref name="Gallery">{{cite web|title=Prime Ministers of Canada: Gallary |url=http://www2.parl.gc.ca/Parlinfo/Compilations/FederalGovernment/PrimeMinisters/Gallery.aspx|publisher=Parliament of Canada|date=15 January 2007|accessdate=24 March 2011}}</ref> |
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Revision as of 21:31, 11 June 2012
The Prime Minister of Canada is an official who everthing is wrong The date for which a Prime Minister begins his or her term has been determined by the date that he or she is sworn into his or her portfolio, as an oath of office as Prime Minister is not required.[1] However, starting in 1957 the incoming Prime Minister has sworn an oath as Prime Minister; as of 2006, this tradition has continued.[1] Before 1920, the Prime Ministers' resignations were accepted immediately by the Governor General, and the last day of the ministries were the date he died, or the date of resignation.[1] Since 1920, the outgoing Prime Minister has only formally resigned when the new government is ready to be formed.[1] The Interpretation Act of 1967 states that "where an appointment is made effective or terminates on a specified day, that appointment is considered to be effective or to terminate after the end of the previous day."[1] Although, traditionally, the outgoing Prime Minister formally resigns only hours before the incoming ministry swears their oaths, both during the day, the ministries are effectively changed at midnight, the night before. Some sources, including the Parliament of Canada, apply this convention as far back as 1917.[2]
Prime Ministers
Abbreviation key: | No.: Incumbent No., Min.: Ministry |
Colour key: | Historical conservative parties: Liberal-Conservative, Conservative (historical), Unionist, National Liberal and Conservative, Progressive Conservative
|
Provinces key: | AB: Alberta, BC: British Columbia, MB: Manitoba, NS: Nova Scotia, ON: Ontario, QC: Quebec, SK: Saskatchewan |
Living former Prime Ministers
As of March 2011[update], there are six living former Prime Ministers of Canada, the oldest being John Turner (1984, born 1929). The most recent former Prime Minister to die was Pierre Trudeau (1968–1979, 1980–1984), on 28 September 2000. John A. Macdonald (1867–1873, 1878–1891), and John Thompson (1892–1894) are the only serving Prime Ministers to die in office.
Name | Term of office | Date of birth |
---|---|---|
Joe Clark | 1979–1980 | 5 June 1939 |
John Turner | 1984 | 7 June 1929 |
Brian Mulroney | 1984–1993 | 20 March 1939 |
Kim Campbell | 1993 | 10 March 1947 |
Jean Chrétien | 1993–2003 | 11 January 1934 |
Paul Martin | 2003–2006 | 28 August 1938 |
See also
- Fathers of Confederation
- List of Prime Ministers of Canada by time in office
- List of Joint Premiers of the Province of Canada
- List of Canadian Leaders of the Opposition
- List of Canadian federal parliaments
- List of Canadian monarchs
References
- ^ a b c d e "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation: Life of a Ministry". Government of Canada Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "Prime Ministers of Canada: Gallary". Parliament of Canada. 15 January 2007. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - MACKENZIE, The Hon. Alexander, P.C". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - MACDONALD, The Right Hon. Sir John Alexander, P.C., G.C.B., Q.C., D.C.L., LL.D". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - ABBOTT, The Hon. Sir John Joseph Caldwell, P.C., Q.C., K.C.M.G., B.C.L., D.C.L". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - THOMPSON, The Right Hon. Sir John Sparrow David, P.C., K.C.M.G., Q.C". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - BOWELL, The Hon. Sir Mackenzie, P.C., K.C.M.G". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - TUPPER, The Right Hon. Sir Charles, P.C., G.C.M.G., K.C.M.G., C.B., D.C.L., LL.D., M.D". Parliament of Canada. 30 October 1915. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - LAURIER, The Right Hon. Sir Wilfrid, P.C., G.C.M.G., K.C., B.C.L., D.C.L., LL.D., Litt.D". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ a b "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - BORDEN, The Right Hon. Sir Robert Laird, P.C., G.C.M.G., K.C., D.C.L., LL.D". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ a b "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - MEIGHEN, The Right Hon. Arthur, P.C., Q.C., B.A., LL.D". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ a b c "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - KING, The Right Hon. William Lyon Mackenzie, P.C., O.M., C.M.G., B.A., M.A., A.M., LL.B., Ph.D". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - BENNETT, The Right Hon. Richard Bedford, P.C., K.C., K.G.St.J., LL.B". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - ST-LAURENT, The Right Hon. Louis Stephen, P.C., C.C., Q.C., B.A., LL.L., LL.D., D.C.L". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - DIEFENBAKER, The Right Hon. John George, C.H., P.C., Q.C., B.A., M.A., LL.B., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S.C., F.R.S.A., D.Litt., D.S.L". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - PEARSON, The Right Hon. Lester Bowles, P.C., C.C., O.M., O.B.E., B.A., M.A., LL.D". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ a b "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - TRUDEAU, The Right Hon. Pierre Elliott, P.C., C.C., C.H., Q.C., M.A., LL.L., LL.D., F.R.S.C". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - CLARK, The Right Hon. Charles Joseph, P.C., C.C., A.O.E., B.A., M.A., LL.D". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - TURNER, The Right Hon. John Napier, P.C., C.C., Q.C., M.A., LL.D". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ a b "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - MULRONEY, The Right Hon. Martin Brian, P.C., C.C., G.O.Q., B.A., LL.L". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - CAMPBELL, The Right Hon. A. Kim, P.C., C.C., Q.C., B.A., LL.B., LL.D". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Federal Experience - CHRÉTIEN, The Right Hon. Joseph Jacques Jean, P.C., C.C., O.M., Q.C., B.A., LL.L., LL.D". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "PARLINFO - Parliamentarian File - Contact Information - HARPER, The Right Hon. Stephen, P.C., B.A., M.A". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved 26 June 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
- ^ a b "Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation". Privy Council Office. 14 October 2009. Retrieved 24 March 2011.
Further reading
- Coucill, Irma (2005). Canada's Prime Ministers, Governors General and Fathers of Confederation. Pembroke Publishers. ISBN 1-55138-185-0.
- Lotz, Jim (1986), Prime Ministers of Canada, Bison Books, ISBN 0-86124-377-3
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External links
- Prime Minister's Official Site
- The Prime Ministers of Canada - The Historica Dominion Institute (Simon Fraser University & Rogers Communications)
- Prime Ministers of Canada - Library of Parliament
- Prime Ministers - Canada History