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Black-market cannabis dealers sometimes claim their products are of a certain strain to capitalise on that strains success or reputation.
Black-market cannabis dealers sometimes claim their products are of a certain strain to capitalise on that strains success or reputation.

===G-13===
G-13 is a strain of [[cannabis (drug)|cannabis]]. G13 has two [[phenotype]]s: indica<ref name="cannabissearch.com">http://www.cannabissearch.com/strains/g13/</ref><ref name="leafly.com">http://www.leafly.com/indica/g-13</ref> and sativa.<ref name="grasscity.com">http://forum.grasscity.com/blogs/matt-mernagh/635-marijuana-myth-busting-g-13-marijuana-strain.html</ref> It was bred from an Afghani strain, which typically indicates an indica or indica dominant strain because Afghani [[landraces]] are indicas.<ref name="rollitup.org">http://www.rollitup.org/seed-strain-reviews/523821-landrace-afghani.html</ref><ref name="strainhunters.com">http://www.strainhunters.com/site/index.php/index.html/_/articles/landraces/afghanistan-afghan-indica-r19</ref><ref name="weed-forums.com">http://www.weed-forums.com/showthread.php?31920-Strain-Review-Afghani-(landrace)</ref> Since it has been cross breed so much that its THC levels are over 20% and also Since it was taken as a clone, almost the only things available are crosses such as G13 x Piney and G13 x Hashplant or so-called "selfed" or sibling crossed seeds such as G13 IX. Selfing involves stressing a female plant (cannabis is [[dioecy|dioecious]]) to the point that it becomes a hermaphrodite, producing male flowers that then pollinate the female flowers. Spraying a female plant with [[gibberellic acid]], silver [[thiosulphate]] or [[colloidal silver]] can also cause stamen production. G-13 can also be linked to a strain of cannabis referred to as G-14, and is sold in certain sections of Southern Africa. According to legend G-13 is the "mother plant" of G-14. G-14 is easily identified as a very strong wild variety strain of cannabis with a potent "fruity" smell. Induces relaxing body buzz with strong analgesic effect, keeps head clear and light, very functional high.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cannasos.com/strains/indica/g-13|title=G-13 Strain Information|website=CannaSOS|access-date=2016-05-19}}</ref>


===Haze===
===Haze===

Revision as of 20:08, 16 August 2016

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A flowering cannabis plant

Cannabis strains are either pure or hybrid varieties of Cannabis, typically of C. sativa, C. indica and C. ruderalis. Varieties are developed to intensify specific characteristics of the plant, or to differentiate the strain for the purposes of marketing or to make it more effective as a drug. Variety names are typically chosen by their growers, and often reflect properties of the plant such as taste, color, smell, or the origin of the variety.[citation needed] Cannabis strains commonly refer to those varieties with recreational and medicinal use. These varieties have been cultivated to contain a high percentage of cannabinoids. Several varieties of Cannabis, known as hemp, have a very low cannabinoid content, and are instead grown for their fiber and seed.

Types of varieties

  • Clone-only variety – The grower may distribute genetically identical clones of the plant. A clone is the only way to propagate a plant while retaining its exact genetic makeup. Nevertheless, the conditions under which the plant is grown will still greatly affect the final product.
  • Stable seed variety – Creating a genetically stable variety involves selectively choosing male and female cannabis plants and breeding them over the course of multiple generations. The final generation's seeds reliably grow into plants that exhibit the desired characteristics, though some genetic variation will still occur.
  • Unstable seed varieties – Unstable varieties are produced without numerous generations of breeding. Although they can be produced quickly, plants grown from these seeds may have widely varying characteristics. Commercial seed retailers generally do not distribute unstable seed varieties, though some disreputable shops might. Amateur and third-party growers may, whether knowingly or not, produce unstable derivatives from well known varieties and misleadingly call them by their true variety name.
  • Wild varieties or landraces – Some varieties, such as Colombian and Thai, refer to Cannabis plants found growing wild in certain regions. Typically, these plants are used as bases for the production of more specialized varieties, such as G-13, or Hash.

Major variety types

Relative size of cannabis types

The two species of the Cannabis genus that are most commonly grown are Cannabis indica and Cannabis sativa.[1] A third species, Cannabis ruderalis is very short and produces only trace amounts of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and thus is not commonly grown for industrial, recreational or medicinal use. However, because Cannabis ruderalis flowers independently of the photoperiod and according to age, it has been used to breed autoflowering strains.[2]

Pure sativas are relatively tall (reaching as high as 4.5 meters), with long internodes and branches, and large, narrow-bladed leaves. Pure indica varieties are shorter and bushier, have wider leaflets. They are often favored by indoor growers for their size. Sativas bloom later than indicas, often taking a month or two longer to mature. The subjective effects of sativas and indicas are said to differ, but the ratio of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) to cannabidiol (CBD) in most named drug varieties of both types is similar (averaging about 200:1). Unlike most commercially developed strains, indica landraces exhibit plants with varying THC/CBD ratios.[3] Avidekel, a medical marijuana strain developed in Israel, has a very low content of THC but a high content of CBD, limiting its recreational value but maximizing medical effect.[4]

There has been a recent movement to characterize strains based on their reported subjective effects. For example, WoahStork has used machine learning algorithms to classify strains into 6 Distinct Activity groups.[5]

Varieties

In addition to pure indica, sativa, and ruderalis varieties, hybrid varieties with varying ratios of these three types are common. For example, the White Widow hybrid containing about 60% indica and 40% sativa ancestry. These hybrid varieties exhibit traits from both parental types. There are also commercial crossbred hybrids which contain a mix of both ruderalis, indica and/or sativa genes, and are usually autoflowering varieties. These varieties are bred mostly for the medicinal cannabis market, since they are not very appreciated by recreational cannabis users because ruderalis varieties are lower in THC and impart a slightly unpleasant taste. "Lowryder" was an early auto-flowering hybrid that retained the flowering behavior of ruderalis plants, while also producing appreciable amounts of THC and CBD. Autoflowering cannabis varieties have the advantage of being discreet due to their small stature. They also require shorter growing periods, as well as having the additional advantage that they do not rely on a change in the photoperiod to determine when to flower.

Variety naming

In a retail market that is decriminalised such as in Amsterdam, (wholesale production is illegal but prosecutions are not always enforced because of the contradiction of the law that is recognised by the courts[6]), competition puts pressure on breeders to create increasingly attractive varieties to maintain market share. Breeders give their strains distinct and memorable names in order to help differentiate them from their competitors' strains, although they may in fact be very similar.

Popular strains are incorporated into new hybrids, which often bear a similar name to their parent. This phenomenon has occurred with Haze and Sour varieties, amongst others.

Black-market cannabis dealers sometimes claim their products are of a certain strain to capitalise on that strains success or reputation.

G-13

G-13 is a strain of cannabis. G13 has two phenotypes: indica[7][8] and sativa.[9] It was bred from an Afghani strain, which typically indicates an indica or indica dominant strain because Afghani landraces are indicas.[10][11][12] Since it has been cross breed so much that its THC levels are over 20% and also Since it was taken as a clone, almost the only things available are crosses such as G13 x Piney and G13 x Hashplant or so-called "selfed" or sibling crossed seeds such as G13 IX. Selfing involves stressing a female plant (cannabis is dioecious) to the point that it becomes a hermaphrodite, producing male flowers that then pollinate the female flowers. Spraying a female plant with gibberellic acid, silver thiosulphate or colloidal silver can also cause stamen production. G-13 can also be linked to a strain of cannabis referred to as G-14, and is sold in certain sections of Southern Africa. According to legend G-13 is the "mother plant" of G-14. G-14 is easily identified as a very strong wild variety strain of cannabis with a potent "fruity" smell. Induces relaxing body buzz with strong analgesic effect, keeps head clear and light, very functional high.[13]

Haze

Haze refers to a Cannabis sativa-dominant strain. Haze has low CBD and high THC content and is known for its psychedelic effects, sometimes referred to colloquially as "ampheta-weed" for their uplifting qualities. Because of its long flowering times (often double that of an indica based strain) and tall stature, haze is rarely seen in its pure form but instead is a popular choice for breeders and is the parent to many prized subset strains. Induces cerebral euphoria, intense energy boost, increases creativity, may cause arousal and tingling sensation, followed by laziness and increase in appetite, provides good analgesic effect.[14]

This Cannabis strain was originally bred in the 1970s in California and was taken to Amsterdam by David Paul Watson, also known as the Skunk man, to grow it for commercial breeding in the 1980s for the Cultivators Choice seed bank.[15]

The genetics of this strain are a combination of Sativas originally from Mexico, Colombia, Thailand and India.[16] Most Haze strains have a long flowering period, being mainly cultivated in intertropical climates or indoor grow rooms.[17]

Jake Herer

Jack Herer

Jack Herer is a sativa-dominant sativa/indica hybrid of Cannabis known for both its cerebral high and its strong body high. The strain is a cross between Skunk #1, Haze, and Northern Lights #5.[18] Jack Herer is the parent to many subset strains. The goal was to make a 50 percent Haze cross that kept the properties of this top-rated sativa, while shortening the painful 6 month flowering time that a full-blooded Haze demands.[19] Induces clear-headed blissful cerebral buzz, boosts energy and creativity, delivers focus and relieves pain. [20]

The hybrid is named after hemp proponent Jack Herer, cannabis decriminalization activist, and author of The Emperor Wears No Clothes. Created by the Sensi Seed Bank in the Netherlands, it was released as a seed strain in 1994, winning the 7th High Times Cannabis Cup in the same year.[21]

Jack Herer is a hybrid strain that generally leans Sativa (usually consisting of 55-60% Sativa and 45-40% Indica).[22]

Jack Herer produces earthy flavors and scents of spice and skunk combined with a signature haze accent. The dense, clustered buds often appear light green due to a frosty resin coating.[23] The strain contains between 18-23%[8] of the active ingredient THC and 0.03-0.2% of the active ingredient CBD.[8][19]

Nederwiet

Nederwiet is a common Dutch name for a "skunk" variation of marijuana bred in the Netherlands[24] for its high potency with THC levels approaching 30%[25] in some varieties.[26][27][28] The name is derived from the Dutch words for The Netherlands, Nederland, and for weed, wiet.[27]

In the early 1980s, Nederwiet was a poor man's weed with a very low THC concentration (8%). In the 1990s, students of the Dutch University of Agriculture in Wageningen did research and increased the concentration of THC to around 25 percent. This result was afterwards adopted by the market with a current average tendency of around 20%.[29][30]

In the early 21st century, Nederwiet became internationally known for its potency. According to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, cannabis from the Netherlands was almost twice as strong as in the rest of the European Union, where the drug's potency had remained stable.[31]

New York City Diesel

New York City Diesel (also known as NYC Diesel) is a sativa-dominant strain of cannabis. When used as a drug, it is expected to provide a cerebral high.[32] This hybrid has placed in the top three in the Sativa Cup High Times Cannabis Cup in 2001, 2003 and 2004.[33] In addition, it won second place Best Overall Strain in the Cannabis Cup in 2002 and 2003.[33] In 2012 it placed 3rd in the Cannabis Cup CBD award.[34] NYC Diesel is a "popular cafe smoke in Amsterdam."[35]

NYC Diesel is the offspring of Sour Diesel crossed with Afghan indica and Hawaiin strains.[32][36] It has been developed by Soma of Soma Sacred Seeds[37] who named the plant in honor of 9/11 because he wanted New York to have a strain name.[38] Soma first developed the plant from seeds which were given to him as a gift in 1997.[39] The plant is said to smell and taste of citrus.[33] NYC Diesel can grow to a height of twelve feet outdoors and four feet indoors and thrives in tropical climates.[35] The bud of the plant "shines" with amber crystals and leaves a sticky, smelly residue on the skin.[40]

NYC Diesel does best when grown indoors, except where the weather is warm enough to grow outside.[35] Each plant can yield up to 100 grams of usable product.[35] It can be grown by seed.[41]

NYC Diesel is most often used as a recreational drug.[35] It is smoked, and tends to burn "clean to a white ash." The high obtained from NYC Diesel has been reported to kick in with a "potent, energetic punch."[40]

Northern Lights

Northern Lights in flower

Northern Lights is a Cannabis indica-dominant strain. It's one of the most potent and highest yielding strains of Cannabis indica. A petite plant averaging between 4 and 5 feet, NL has dense, resin-rich flowers, but interestingly the leaves take on a more sativa (long & thinner) shape. The aroma is pungently sweet and the taste is a flavorful mixture of earth, sweet and spicy. Northern Lights’ fame extends to the harvest festivals where it claimed the overall High Times Cannabis Cup win in 1990, and the Cup’s award for the pure Indica category in 1988-89.[42] Induces instant, powerful and long lasting body buzz with strong pain relief effects, as well as uplifted, creative euphoric cerebral high. [43]

Jack Herer is a cross between Skunk #1, Haze, and Northern Lights #5.[18]

The hybridization of Cannabis is also notable in the botany community as Northern Lights in particular has been studied for its female and male genetic characteristics.[44][45]

Panama Red

Panama Red, known as Panamanian Red,[46] or P.R.[47] is a pure cultivar of Cannabis sativa, popular among cannabis users of the 1960s and 1970s, and renowned for its potency.[48][49][50] The typically high THC levels associated with the variety are thought to be dependent on the particular cultivar, rather than the Panamanian climate.[51][52] Induces a mellow cerebral high, slight body relaxation, characterized by euphoria and increase in energy, boosts creativity. Can cause anxiety and paranoia in some users.[53]

In a limited test, an Auburn University researcher reported that "seed of a sample of Panama Red, grown in the very different climates of the Canal Zone, campus and northern New Hampshire, yielded marijuana with similar THC content."[52]

Its name comes from its cultivation in the country of Panama, and its claylike red color.[54] Production was common in Panama's sparsely populated Pearl Islands.[55]

Cannabis cultivation died off in Panama with the rise of cocaine trafficking.

Mentioned in the 2000 film Meet the Parents.[56] Panama Red is the name of a song from the album The Yellow Balloon[57] released in 1967 by the sunshine pop band The Yellow Balloon.

Purple Dragon

Purple Dragon, also known as Apalala, is an extremely potent strain of cannabis sativa. It is the hybrid cross-breed of several different strains of cannabis plants including Purple Haze and BC Bud.[58] This strain of cannabis is currently produced by Kali-Ma, a new coffee shop in the scene located in Amsterdam.[59]

Purple Kush

A bud of Purple Kush.

Purple Kush is a strain of Cannabis intended for use as a psychoactive drug. It is 100% Indica, and is commonly mistaken to have a purple leaf, which any strain of cannabis can have based on how cold the temperature is during the final flowering stage.[60] Induces happy, sleepy, heavy and mellow high. The opiate-like effect with long lasting high.[61] The smoke is a strong and unmistakably flowery taste with a very high THC level. The high usually lasts about an hour or two depending on the drying and curing process. There are many types of Kush. Purple Kush is one of the most potent strains of cannabis. Purple Kush is versatile, performing well for both indoor and outdoor growers. It grows very well in screen of green (ScrOG)[62] or sea of green (SOG) setups.

This plant, "forms a short squat bush with very dense internodes and large fan leaves, staying in the 2-3 foot height range while grown indoors. With topping or pinching it can be at least as wide as it is tall. Purple Kush's foliage exhibits a classic indica growth pattern: a sturdy bush with dark green hues and sometimes hints of purple toward ripeness."[62]

Quebec Gold

Quebec Gold is a high-potency strain of cannabis grown and found mainly in Quebec. It is an M39 x Freezeland cross-strain. It has a sweet citrus smell and full-bodied, languid flavour with heavy sativa psychoactive effects. Quebec Gold is a short plant but produces heavy colas more than making up for its shorter stature. The plant has exceptional resin production and the buds are dense. Quebec Gold produces a deep, near black hash. Induces cerebral euphoria and psycho activity, improves mood, boosts energy and creativity.[63]

Large profits are a strong motive for smugglers to move as much Quebec Gold as they can into the U.S. A pound of Quebec Gold nets $1500 to $2,050 Canadian wholesale in Quebec. Traffickers can sell that same pound for $5,600 Canadian in New York State and as much as $3,200 in California.[64][65]

Skunk

Skunk refers to Cannabis strains that are strong-smelling and have been likened to the smell of the spray from a skunk.[66]

These strains of cannabis are believed to have originated in the United States prior to development by Dutch growers.[67] Just as with other strains of cannabis, skunk is commonly grown in controlled indoor environments under specialized grow lights, or in a greenhouse when full outdoor conditions aren't suitable.[68]

Skunk strains are hybrids of Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica. The combination of these two species produces unique effects.

Skunk strains, along with other strains, are used for recreational purpose but are also popular among the medical community as a form of pain medication and management due to THC's analgesic effects on the body.[68] Cannabis may have physiological and psychological side effects/medical benefits depending on which strain is being ingested. These may include: decreased blood pressure,[69] rapid heart rate, bloodshot eyes, dry mouth, increased appetite, slowed reaction time, paranoia with uneven THC/CBD ratios, short-term memory loss, anxiety with uneven THC/CBD ratios or reduction in anxiety when the correct amount of CBD is present.[70] Although these characteristics are present in other strains, due to its higher ratio of THC to CBD, negative side effects may be more prevalent in skunk strains as the percentage of CBD is lower.[68]

While these negative side effects are a reality for some users, it is also used to aid individuals with certain medical conditions.[68] Therefore, the debate as to whether or not marijuana should be legalised is an ongoing debate found in politics and media in all parts of the world. Currently,[when?] cannabis is legal through prescription in The Netherlands, Belgium, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Ecuador, France, India, Iran, Israel, North Korea, Pakistan, Switzerland, Spain, Uruguay and 20 various states in the U.S. In Bangladesh and Uruguay, recreational use of cannabis (consumption and cultivation) is completely legal. In The Netherlands, recreational consumption of cannabis is decriminalized, but it may only be sold in a coffeeshop.

Skunk strains typically have a 14 to 15% THC concentration.[71]

White Widow

White Widow
Cannabis of the White Widow strain
GenusCannabis
Hybrid parentage60% indica, 40% sativa
BreederShantibaba
OriginNetherlands, Kingdom of the Netherlands

White Widow is a Cannabis strain developed in The Netherlands and known for its abundance of white trichomes, high potency,[72] and resinous nature.[73] Induces happy, euphoric cerebral buzz that stimulates creativity, boosts socialization and increases energy levels. May cause paranoia, headaches, dry mouth and eyes. Has excellent analgesic properties. Relieves stress and nausea.[74]

The variety won the Cannabis Cup in 1995.[75][76][77] White Widow grown in Amsterdam is known to contain up to 20% of the active ingredient THC. White Widow buds are covered in trichomes, giving it an almost snowy look. As of late as 2011, it sells for approximately 8 Euros per gram in The Netherlands.[78] In San Jose and Colorado Springs, it is available from dispensaries for Medical Marijuana patients for $8 US per gram.[79] White Widow is a compact plant of medium height. The buds only develop a few amber-colored hairs, but the high crystalline resin production of this plant has become well known. White Widow is a strain that is relatively easy to grow to an experienced horticulturalist, especially in Europe because of its resistance to mold and colder climates. The original White Widow was created using a pure Sativa land race from Brazil[75] and was pollinated by an Indica-hybrid from southern India. The White widow has been used a lot to breed new strains of cannabis during the last decades. One of the most famous example is the White Rhino strain.[80]

Tom Cruise Purple

Tom Cruise Purple is a strain of cannabis sold in California by select licensed cannabis clubs. The strain is potent, and is packaged with a picture of the actor Tom Cruise laughing. Cruise sought out legal advice regarding the product, and considered a lawsuit against its manufacturers.

Media commentators for Gawker,[81] Daily News (New York)[82] and the CNN program Showbiz Tonight analyzed the matter, and the product was the subject of a parody on a satirical website. American lawyer Lisa Bloom commented that it would not be prudent for Cruise to sue over the product, and public relations writer Howard Bragman stated it was not a good idea from a legal standpoint to utilize Cruise's image in such a fashion.

The strain is very potent, and is reported to have hallucinogenic properties.[83][84] The marijuana is being sold in vials which have a picture of Tom Cruise laughing hysterically.[85][86] Tom Cruise Purple is sold by cannabis purveyors in Northern California,[87] and is a popular choice among vaporizer users.[88] The strain is sold legally in California, as a medical cannabis product.[83]

Commentary

Marlene Arpe wrote in The Toronto Star, "A strain of weed called Tom Cruise Purple is being sold at California cannabis clubs. It makes you laugh hysterically while maintaining iron-fisted control of everyone around you."[89] Ryan Tate of Gawker commented, "How high do you have to be to name a grade of medical marijuana after lawsuit-happy Scientologist Tom Cruise?"[90] CNN television host A.J. Hammer commented on the program Showbiz Tonight, "Also, you can now roll up Tom Cruise and smoke him. That's right. Marijuana is being sold called 'Tom Cruise Purple.' But you know, Tom's not laughing to be blunt. Will there be a joint investigation or is this just a token effort - you know, a half-baked idea?"[91]

American lawyer Lisa Bloom said of the possibility that Cruise's attorneys might sue over the marijuana product, "You know, if his lawyers sue over this, I'm going to wonder what they've been smoking. Nobody really thinks that Tom Cruise is endorsing this particular kind of marijuana. Why don't celebrities occasionally just laugh - just laugh at things? This is obviously supposed to be a joke. There's a picture of him laughing on it. He's clearly not making any money off of it. He's not endorsing it. I say, just let it go."[91] Miami editor of In Touch Weekly, Michael Cohen, stated "...it's well-known in the industry you don't mess with Tom Cruise. And so, that's all I can say. I'm sure his lawyers are on this like white on rice. But I'm sure he's actually not as affected by it as his lawyers are."[91] Public relations writer Howard Bragman commented, "I can tell you Tom and his lawyers do not have a sense of humor. And messing with Tom Cruise's image is risky business, OK?"[91]

Representatives for Cruise were notified of the existence of the product by journalists for the New York Daily News.[85] Cruise has sought legal advice about what action should be taken regarding the name.[85][92] He has considered filing a lawsuit against the manufacturers of the product.[93][94] As a follower of Scientology, Cruise is opposed to the use of psychotropic drugs.[85][95][96] He was reported to be furious over the existence of the product.[97][98][99] A friend of Cruise found the matter "outrageous".[100] Lawyers for Cruise commented to CNN, "We haven't seen the product, so we can't comment on whether or not it's true. Tom does not allow his name and likeness to be used to sell products. And as you can imagine, if he were to do an endorsement, this would hardly be his first choice."[91]

Breeding new varieties

Breeding requires pollinating a female cannabis plant with male pollen. Although this occurs spontaneously and ubiquitously in nature, the intentional creation of new varieties typically involves selective breeding in a controlled environment.

When cannabis is cultivated for its psychoactive or medicinal properties, male plants will often be separated from females. This prevents the fertilization of the female plants, either to facilitate sinsemilla flowering or to provide more control over which male is chosen. Pollen produced by the male is caught and stored until it is needed.

When a male plant of one strain pollinates a female of another strain, the seeds will be F1 hybrids of the male and female. These offspring will not be identical to their parents. Instead, they will have characteristics of both parents. Repeated breeding results in certain characteristics appearing with greater regularity.

A common technique to stabilize a cannabis variety is called "cubing".[citation needed] A breeder seeking specific traits in the hybrid offspring (for example, greater resin production or tighter node spacing) will breed hybrid plants most exemplifying these characteristics with a parent plant. The same traits are sought in the new inbred offspring, which are then again bred with the original parent plant. This process is called cubing because it usually repeated across three, or possibly more generations before the variety's genetics are acceptably stable.

Selfing

Selfing is the ability for a plant to produce seeds without the aid of another plant. This refers to hermaphrodite plants that self- pollinate. There is no such thing as a ‘gene pool’ or population with regards to hermaphrodites since the only pollen that a hermaphrodite will use is the pollen that it generates itself. Both male and female flowers are located on the same plant. There can be variations in the offspring though.

It is impossible for a hermaphrodite to create any male only plants. A hermaphrodite may create female only seeds and hermaphrodite seeds. Also the female only seeds may carry the hermaphrodite trait.[101]

See also

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cannabis by strain.
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Further reading

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