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|year=2008
|year=2008
|accessdate=2008-01-19
|accessdate=2008-01-19
| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080119030851/http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/| archivedate= 19 January 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> All parts of the set, except '''[[Adobe Reader]]''' (formerly Acrobat Reader), are proprietary commercial programs, while the latter is available as [[freeware]] and can be copied from Adobe's website. Adobe Reader enables users to view and print PDF files but has negligible PDF creation capabilities.<ref>{{cite web
| archiveurl= http://web.archive.org/web/20080119030851/http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/| archivedate= 19 January 2008 <!--DASHBot-->| deadurl= no}}</ref> All parts of the set, except '''[[Adobe Reader]]''' (formerly Acrobat Reader), are proprietary commercial programs, while the latter is available as [[freeware]] and can be downloaded from Adobe's website. Adobe Reader enables users to view and print PDF files but has negligible PDF creation capabilities.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.adobe.com/products/reader/
|url=http://www.adobe.com/products/reader/
|title=Adobe Reader
|title=Adobe Reader

Revision as of 05:20, 29 August 2012

Adobe Acrobat
Developer(s)Adobe Systems
Stable release
Windows OS, continuous track24.003.20180 / October 3, 2024; 43 days ago (2024-10-03)[1][2]
macOS, continuous track24.003.20180 / October 3, 2024; 43 days ago (2024-10-03)[1][2]
Windows OS, classic track (2020)20.005.30680 / September 10, 2024; 2 months ago (2024-09-10)[1][3]
macOS, classic track (2020)20.005.30710 / September 10, 2024; 2 months ago (2024-09-10)[1][4]
Android24.9.3.35572 / September 27, 2024; 49 days ago (2024-09-27)[5]
iOS24.09.51 / October 1, 2024; 45 days ago (2024-10-01)[6]
Windows, UWP, PC23.008.20533 / February 13, 2024; 9 months ago (2024-02-13)[7]
Windows, UWP, mobile16.0.137027 / February 3, 2016; 8 years ago (2016-02-03)[8]
Linux9.5.5 / May 14, 2013; 11 years ago (2013-05-14)[9][10]
Solaris9.4.1 / November 30, 2010; 13 years ago (2010-11-30)[11]
HP-UX, AIX7.0.9 / January 9, 2007; 17 years ago (2007-01-09)[12]
Preview release
Android (Beta)23.11.0.30448.Beta / November 17, 2023; 11 months ago (2023-11-17)[13]
Written inC++[14]
Operating systemMicrosoft Windows
Mac OS X
GNU/Linux
Android
iOS
BlackBerry Tablet OS
Windows Phone
Size
  • Reader: 51.29 MB[15]
  • Acrobat Pro: 465.1 MB[16]
TypeDesktop publishing software
LicenseProprietary
Website

Adobe Acrobat is a set of application software developed by Adobe Systems to view, create, manipulate, print and manage files in Portable Document Format (PDF).[17] All parts of the set, except Adobe Reader (formerly Acrobat Reader), are proprietary commercial programs, while the latter is available as freeware and can be downloaded from Adobe's website. Adobe Reader enables users to view and print PDF files but has negligible PDF creation capabilities.[18] Acrobat and Reader are widely used as a method of presenting information with a fixed layout similar to a paper publication.

History

Since the early 1990s, the Acrobat product has had several competitors, some of which used their own document formats, such as:

By the late 1990s PDF had become the de facto standard. This has resulted in the development of both free and commercial programs that create or manipulate PDF. Adobe also allows Acrobat plug-ins to be developed by third parties, which can add extra functions to the Acrobat program.

Product names

Adobe Reader X program icon.

Adobe has changed the names of the products of the Acrobat set regularly, also dividing, merging, or discontinuing products. Initially, the name "Acrobat" was used as the parent name of a set of products which included Acrobat Reader, Acrobat Exchange and Acrobat Distiller. Over time Acrobat Reader became Adobe Reader; and the name Acrobat Exchange was simplified to Acrobat. Between version 3 and 5, Standard and Professional versions were one product known simply as Adobe Acrobat.

As of December 2010, the current main members of the Adobe Acrobat family are:[19]

  • Adobe Reader X (10.1.2)
  • Adobe Acrobat X (10.0.0)
    • Adobe Acrobat X Standard
    • Adobe Acrobat X Pro
    • Adobe Acrobat X Suite
  • Acrobat.com
File:Adobe PDF Icon.svg
The computer icon for PDF files.

Unlike most other Adobe products, such as parts of Adobe Creative Suite, parts of the Adobe Acrobat set do not have icons that display two letters on a colored rectangular shape.

Product history

Version 1.0

Acrobat 1.0 was released originally on 15 June 1993 for Macintosh computers. It was released later for the operating systems DOS and Windows 3.1. This was not available as single copies and was not initially free, with Acrobat Reader priced originally at $50 per user.[20] After a while, the Internal Revenue Service of the United States purchased a right to distribute the program Reader 1.0, effectively making it seem free to those who obtained it that way.

Adobe Acrobat 1.0 included:

  • Support for PDF version 1.0.
  • Acrobat Exchange 1.0 (included PDFWriter printer driver and Acrobat Exchange application)[clarification needed What is Adobe Exchange?].
  • Acrobat Distiller 1.0, a software application that creates a PDF file from a PostScript source.

Version 2.0

Acrobat 2.0 was first released during September 1994 for the operating systems Windows and Macintosh. It included:

  • Support for PDF version 1.1.
  • Acrobat Exchange 2.0[clarification needed What is Adobe Exchange?].
  • Acrobat Catalog, which creates searchable indexes for PDF files. Searching required a special version of Acrobat Reader or Acrobat Exchange.

Acrobat Professional 2.0 was also released, which included Acrobat Exchange plus the program Distiller.
Adobe also released the first Acrobat Plug-ins SDK; allowing third party developers to create plug-in programs for the Acrobat Exchange application.

Version 3.0

Acrobat 3.0 was released during November 1996. It was the first release usable with Windows 95, and the last to be usable with Windows 3.1. It was also the first version to display PDF files inside web browsers, and the first to have form-filling functions. Later, an update to version 3.02 introduced extended forms capabilities and JavaScript. Adobe Acrobat 3.0 included:

  • Usability with PDF version 1.2.
  • A free Reader that allows searching (It was not part of the default copy).
  • Acrobat Catalog.
  • A Distiller printer driver.

Version 4.0

Acrobat 4.0 was released during April 1999. It included:

Adobe also released Distiller Server 4.0, a version of Distiller for Windows, Linux and Solaris that is licensed to multiple users, as well as Acrobat Business Tools 4.0, a limited version of Acrobat.

Version 5.0

Acrobat 5.0 was released in May 2001. It included usability with for PDF version 1.4 and was the last version to be usable with Windows 95. Acrobat 5.0.5 was the first to be able to operative native in Mac OS X, but also operated in Mac OS 9.

This version did not include PDFWriter with the Macintosh release.[21]

Acrobat Reader 5.1, the subsequent version of Acrobat Reader usable with the Adobe LiveCycle Reader Extensions for forms saving.

Adobe also released Distiller Server 5.0 and Acrobat Approval 5.0, a limited version of Acrobat mainly sold to people who wanted to digitally sign PDF files or save fill-in forms.

Version 6.0

Acrobat 6.0 was released during July 2003. This version introduced significant changes to the set of Adobe Acrobat:

  • Adobe Acrobat Standard 6.0 was released. It is a limited version of Acrobat Professional that includes Distiller but lacks Adobe Catalog, form design features and pre-press support.
  • Adobe Acrobat Elements 6.0 was introduced. It enabled PDF creation but was intended for the corporate market and was only volume-licensed for a minimum of 1000 licenses. It was available for Microsoft Windows only.
  • Acrobat Elements Server 6.0, a server software version of Acrobat Elements, was introduced.
  • Adobe Acrobat Reader was renamed Adobe Reader.
  • Distiller printer driver was renamed Adobe PDF.
  • PDFWriter was discontinued. PDFWriter was a printer driver used to create PDF files. It was discontinued in favor of the Adobe PDF printer driver to Distiller.
  • A new version of Adobe Catalog was included, which was not compatible with earlier products for searching.
  • Support for many operating systems was ended. Mac OS 9 was no longer compatible. No version of Adobe Acrobat for Linux or Unix was released. Adobe Acrobat Standard was not compatible with Windows 95 and Windows 98, although it was usable with Windows 98 SE. Adobe Acrobat Professional ceased to be compatible with Windows 95, Windows 98 and Windows Me.

This version included:

  • Usability with PDF version 1.5.
  • Usability with PKI (without a plug-in) via Microsoft CryptoAPI.
  • Usability with "Reader enabling", allowing Adobe Reader to save, sign or annotate PDF files if the PDF file allowed.

Version 6 of the application was criticized for its performance. Adobe Acrobat 6 is slow to load and use. The Acrobat 6 plug-ins for web browsers were also criticized for suffering from bad performance and potentially rendering one's web browser non-responsive.[22]

Version 7.0

Adobe Acrobat 7.0 was released during January 2005:[23] It was the first version to include a mandatory product activation. It included:

  • Usability with PDF version 1.6.
  • Usability with Adobe Policy Server rights management.
  • Usability with embedded 3D object information from the .u3d Universal 3D format.

The Adobe Acrobat 7 set experienced multiple changes. Adobe Acrobat 7 Professional for Windows now included Adobe LiveCycle Designer 7.0. Adobe Elements 7.0 was also released which was still only sold by volume licensing outlets but decreased the minimum licenses limit to 100 licenses. Finally, another edition of Adobe Acrobat, Acrobat 3D, was added to the set.

Adobe Acrobat 3D included all of the functionality of Acrobat Professional 7.0 as well as updated assistance for embedded 3D computer graphics, tools for capturing 3D content from OpenGL applications, and the Adobe Acrobat 3D Toolkit for converting CAD documents to PDF objects. Also included is a version of the capture tool for installation on Unix systems.

Acrobat 7 further ended usability with Windows 98 Second Edition and Windows Me. However, Adobe released editions of Adobe Reader for Linux, Solaris (SPARC only), HP-UX and IBM AIX.

Version 8.0

File:Acroread.png
Adobe Reader 8 operating on Windows Vista

Adobe Acrobat 8.0 was released during November 2006.[24] It included:

  • Usability with PDF version 1.7.
  • Acrobat 8 Elements, which was withdrawn before its expected release during mid-2007.[25] But, it is bundled with RoboHelp 7 as a Distiller prompting that the product had been finished.
  • Acrobat Connect (formerly Macromedia Breeze), a support application with online personal meeting rooms to collaborate in real time for as many as 15 participants.

A later update 8.1 on June 2007 was released in order to be compatible with Microsoft Office 2007, Windows Vista, and 64-bit Windows operating systems.[26] Also during September 2007, Adobe Reader 8.1.1 released for Linux and Solaris (SPARC) users.

The Adobe Acrobat 8 set had a few changes. Acrobat 3D was now able to produce embedded PRC file format, a very compressed format for geometry and graphics which requires Reader 8.1 to display. It also supported Product Manufacturing Information and many different CAD formats.

Acrobat Connect Professional (formerly Macromedia Breeze) was also added to the set. It allowed scalable interactive web conferencing and multiple personal meeting rooms for everyone part of an enterprise.

The Mac OS X version of Adobe Acrobat Pro was improved significantly: Adobe Acrobat for Macintosh was made a Universal binary that operated on both PPC and Intel architectures.

8.x product support ended in November 2011.[27]

Version 9.0

File:AdobeAcrobat9win.png
Adobe Acrobat 9.0 Pro Extended showing the Wikipedia article for Adobe Acrobat in PDF format for Windows 7

Adobe Acrobat 9.0 was released during July 2008.[28][29] It included:

  • Usability with PDF version 1.7.
  • Usability with Adobe extensions to PDF 1.7.
  • The ability to create Acrobat forms was in Acrobat Standard, which was previously only available Acrobat Professional 6, 7 and 8.
  • Usability for real-time collaboration on PDF files with synchronized document views and chat.
  • Improved Web Capture for copying entire web pages or just some parts into PDF.
  • Integration with Acrobat.com to enable storage and sharing of PDF files.
  • Usability for comparing and highlighting the differences between two versions of a PDF document.
  • Usability for playback of Flash Video or H.264 video in Adobe Acrobat and Adobe Reader.
  • Usability for conversion of a variety of[weasel words] video formats to Flash Video for playback inside PDF.
  • Usability for creating PDF maps by importing geospatial files that retain metadata and coordinates.
  • Usability with Optical character recognition (OCR) on PDF files using ClearScan. Adobe ClearScan technology creates and embeds custom Type1-CID fonts to match the visual appearance of a scanned document after optical character recognition. ClearScan uses these newly created custom fonts instead of system fonts or Type1-MM.

The Adobe Acrobat 9 set includes a new program: Adobe Acrobat 9 Pro Extended for Microsoft Windows. This product includes Adobe Presenter as well as the features of Acrobat 3D.

Adobe Reader 9 ends compatibility with Adobe Reader Extensions 5 and 6 which permit Adobe Reader client software to save changes to filled-in forms in PDFs. Adobe Reader Extensions 6.1 and newer are still usable. Legacy PDFs will still be viewable, however they will open with the following warning:

This document enables Reader capabilities that are no longer enabled in this Reader version.[30]

The Adobe Acrobat 9 set also omitted the multiple document interface. Previous versions of Adobe Acrobat activated multiple PDF files in the same window. Acrobat 9 however, only uses the single document interface scheme, wherein each PDF file is activated in an instance of Adobe Acrobat.[31]

Version 10.0

Adobe Acrobat X (version 10.0) was released on November 15, 2010.[32][33] It included "sandboxing" protection for Windows XP, Windows Vista and Windows 7. Compatibility was ended for Windows 2000 and Power PC based Apple Macintosh computers.

Adobe Reader X is available for Windows, Mac OS, Android, and iOS.[34][35][36][37] Compatibility with Linux is not planned.[38]

Internationalization and localization

Language availability

Adobe Acrobat is available in the following languages: Arabic, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, Ukrainian. Arabic, Hebrew versions available from WinSoft International,[39] Adobe Systems' internationalization and localization partner.

Specific features for Arabic and Hebrew languages

The Arabic and Hebrew versions are developed specifically for these languages, which are normally written right-to-left. These versions include special TouchUp properties to manage digits, ligatures option and paragraph direction in right-to-left Middle Eastern scripts such as Arabic, Hebrew, and Persian, as well as standard left-to-right Indian scripts such as Devanagari and Gujarati. The Web Capture feature can convert single web pages or entire web sites into PDF files, while preserving the content's original text encoding. Acrobat can also copy Arabic and Hebrew text to the system clipboard in its original encoding; if the target application is also compatible with the text encoding, then the text will appear in the correct script.

Security

The latest security bulletins from Adobe are published on their Security bulletins and advisories page.[40]

From Version 3.02 onwards, Acrobat Reader (now Adobe Reader) has included support for JavaScript. This functionality allows the document creator to include code which executes when the document is read. While JavaScript is designed without direct access to the file system to make it "safe", vulnerabilities have been reported for abuses such as distributing malicious code by Acrobat programs.[41] McAfee predicted that Adobe software, especially Reader and Flash, would be the primary target for software attacks during 2010.[42] Adobe applications had already become the most popular client-software targets for attackers during the last quarter of 2009.[43]

September 2006 warning

On September 13, 2006, David Kierznowski provided sample PDF files illustrating these vulnerabilities. Since at least version 6, JavaScript can be disabled using the preferences menu and embedded URLs that are launched are intercepted by a security warning dialog box to either allow or block the website from activating.[44]

February 2009 warning

On February 19, 2009, Adobe released a Security Bulletin announcing JavaScript vulnerabilities. US-CERT recommended users change two default preferences in the program:[45]

  • Disable JavaScript in Adobe Reader and Acrobat. Acrobat JavaScript can be disabled in the General preferences dialog (Edit, Preferences, JavaScript, and un-check "Enable Acrobat JavaScript").
  • Disable the displaying of PDF documents in the web browser. This can be disabled in the General preferences dialog (Edit, Preferences, Internet, and un-check "Display PDF in browser").

For users of Internet Explorer, US-CERT recommended changing an additional default behavior:[45]

January 2010 Google/China incident

It was reported [46] on January 14, 2010 that an analyst identified a vulnerability in Internet Explorer as a method of spying on companies and individuals.

"...independent research conducted by security firm McAfee, which has found evidence that a vulnerability in Internet Explorer—- but not Acrobat Reader—- was exploited in the attack. iDefense later retracted its claim about PDFs, but stands behind the rest of its report."

Operating systems

  • Symbian: Adobe Reader LE v2.5 developed by QuickOffice lets the user view PDF (Adobe Portable Document Format) files on S60 3rd Edition mobile devices.[47]
  • The name "Adobe Reader LE" is also used for officially used versions of the reader for other mobile computer models.[48]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Overview — Acrobat and Adobe Reader DC Release Notes". Adobe Systems. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  2. ^ a b "24.003.20180 Planned update, Oct 03, 2024". Adobe Systems. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  3. ^ "20.005.30680 Planned update, Sep 10, 2024". Adobe Systems. Retrieved 2024-09-15.
  4. ^ "20.005.30710 Optional update, Sep 16, 2024 (Mac Only)". Adobe Systems. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  5. ^ Adobe Systems. "Adobe Reader". Google Play. Google Inc. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  6. ^ Adobe Systems. "Adobe Reader". App Store. Apple. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  7. ^ "Adobe Reader Microsoft Store page". Microsoft Store. Microsoft. Retrieved 2024-07-30.
  8. ^ Adobe Systems. "Adobe Acrobat Reader". Windows Store. Microsoft.
  9. ^ "FTP download of Adobe Reader for Linux". ftp. Adobe Systems. Retrieved 2013-05-15.
  10. ^ "Adobe - Security Bulletins: APSB13-15 - Security updates for Adobe Reader and Acrobat". Adobe Systems. Retrieved 2015-11-26. Release date: May 14, 2013; Last updated: August 8, 2013; Vulnerability identifier: APSB13-15
  11. ^ "Security Advisory for Adobe Flash Player, Adobe Reader and Acrobat". Adobe Systems. Retrieved 2018-04-19. Release date: October 28, 2010; Last updated: November 16, 2010; Vulnerability identifier: APSA10-05
  12. ^ "Update available for vulnerabilities in versions 7.0.8 and earlier of Adobe Reader and Acrobat". Adobe Systems. Retrieved 2018-05-21. Release date: January 9, 2007; Last updated: January 16, 2007; Vulnerability identifier: APSB07-01
  13. ^ Adobe Systems. "Adobe Reader". Google Play. Google Inc. Retrieved 2023-11-19.
  14. ^ Lextrait, Vincent (2010). "The Programming Languages Beacon, v10.0". Retrieved 5 January 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  15. ^ "Adobe – Adobe Reader download – All versions". adobe.com. Adobe Systems. Archived from the original on 26 November 2010. Retrieved 2010-11-27. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ Acrobat X Pro. Adobe (2009-07-14). Retrieved on 2011-03-11.
  17. ^ "Adobe Acrobat family". 2008. Archived from the original on 19 January 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-19. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "Adobe Reader". 2008. Archived from the original on 18 January 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-19. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ Adobe Acrobat X Standard | FAQ. Adobe.com (2009-07-14). Retrieved on 2011-03-11.
  20. ^ "Driving Adobe: Co-founder Charles Geschke on Challenges, Change and Values". Knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2010-12-04.
  21. ^ Adobe Systems Inc., Help file for Acrobat 5.0 stated: "Note: PDFWriter is a custom install option and is supported for Windows only".
  22. ^ Sherman, Chris (10 January 2005). "Speeding Up Acrobat Reader". SearchEngineWatch.com. Incisive Interactive Marketing LLC. Retrieved 11 February 2011.
  23. ^ "Press Room". Adobe Systems. 2005. Retrieved 4 December 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  24. ^ "Press Room". Adobe Systems. 2006. Retrieved 4 December 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  25. ^ Adobe – Acrobat 7 Elements : FAQ[dead link]
  26. ^ "View Document". Adobe Support. Adobe Systems. 14 July 2009. Retrieved 4 December 2010.
  27. ^ Adobe products and Enterprise Technical Support periods covered under the new Lifecycle Policy
  28. ^ "Press Room". Adobe Systems. 14 July 2009. Retrieved 4 December 2010.
  29. ^ "Acrobat family: Product comparison". Adobe Systems. 14 July 2009. Retrieved 4 December 2010.
  30. ^ Adobe LiveCycle Reader Extensions ES Update 1 Upgrade Center, see 'Previous generations' tab for information on the missing support [1]
  31. ^ "MDI vs. SDI in Acrobat – Shredding The Document". Adobe Systems. 11 September 2008. Retrieved 16 June 2010.
  32. ^ "Announcing Adobe Reader X". Adobe Reader Blog. Adobe Systems. 18 October 2010. Archived from the original on 5 December 2010. Retrieved 5 December 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ "Acrobat X and Adobe Reader X Release Notes" (PDF). Adobe Support. Adobe Systems. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 December 2010. Retrieved 17 November 2010. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  34. ^ "Adobe Reader Download - All Versions". Adobe. Archived from the original on 30 April 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  35. ^ "Now Available: Adobe Reader X for Android". Adobe. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  36. ^ "Adobe Reader X Tech specs". Adobe. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 30 April 2011. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  37. ^ "Release Notes: Adobe Reader X for Android". Adobe. Retrieved 30 April 2011.
  38. ^ "Post by Adobe employee Atanu Dhar on the Adobe Reader X UNIX forum". Adobe. Retrieved 10 Jun 2011.
  39. ^ "Adobe Acrobat Professional software – Communicate and collaborate with the essential PDF solution, enhanced features for Central and East European and Middle Eastern users". Winsoft-international.com. Archived from the original on 2 January 2011. Retrieved 2010-12-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  40. ^ [2]
  41. ^ Brockmeier, Joe (2005-03-30). "Unexpected features in Acrobat 7". LWN.net. Retrieved 2009-02-20.
  42. ^ "2010 Threat Predictions" (PDF). McAfee Labs. December 2009. p. 2. Retrieved 2010-05-09.
  43. ^ "McAfee Threats Report: Fourth Quarter 2009" (PDF). McAfee Avert Labs. February 2010. p. 16. Retrieved 2010-05-09.
  44. ^ Naraine, Ryan (2006-09-15). "Hacker Discovers Adobe PDF Back Doors". eWeek. Ziff Davis Enterprise Holdings Inc. Retrieved 2011-08-05. David Kierznowski, a penetration testing expert specializing in Web application testing, has released proof-of-concept code and rigged PDF files to demonstrate how the Adobe Reader program could be used to initiate attacks without any user action. {{cite web}}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |month= (help)
  45. ^ a b "Vulnerability Note VU#905281". US-CERT. 2009-02-20. Archived from the original on 23 February 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-20. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  46. ^ Paul, Ryan (2010-01-14). "Researchers identify command servers behind Google attack". Arstechnica.com. Archived from the original on 24 October 2010. Retrieved 2010-12-04. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  47. ^ "Reader: Adobe Reader for Symbian OS". Adobe Systems. Retrieved 2010-09-01.
  48. ^ "Reader LE". Adobe Systems. 2009-07-14. Retrieved 2010-09-01.
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