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Demographics of Kazakhstan

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Population of Kazakhstan. Data of FAO, year 2005 ; Number of inhabitants in thousands

As of 2003, there is a discrepancy between reputable sources as to the population of Kazakhstan. United States government sources including the CIA World Fact Book and the US Census Bureau International Data Base list the current population as 16,763,795, while United Nations sources such as the World Bank give a 2002 estimate of 14,794,830. This rather large discrepancy is presumably due to difficulties in measurement caused by the large migratory population of Kazakhstan, emigration, and the low population density - only about 5.5 persons per km² in an area the size of Western Europe.

According to the 1999 census there are two dominant ethnical groups in Kazakhstan, they are ethnic Kazakhs (53.4%) and ethnic Russians (30%) with a wide array of other groups represented, including Ukrainians, Uzbeks, Germans, Chechens, Koreans, and Uyghurs - that is, virtually any group that has ever come under the Russian sphere of influence. This diverse demography is due to the country's central location and its historical use by Russia as a place to send colonists, dissidents, and minority groups from its other frontiers - one can almost not understand Kazakhstan without understanding population transfer in the Soviet Union. From the 1930s until the 1950s, both Russian opposition (and such Russians "accused" of being part of the opposition) and certain minorities (esp. Volga Germans, Poles, Ukrainians, Crimean Tartars, Kalmyks) had been interned in labor camps often merely due to their heritage or beliefs, mostly on collective orders by Stalin. This makes Kazakhstan one of the few places on earth where normally-disparate Germanic, Indo-Iranian, Koreans, Chechen, and Turkic groups live together in a rural setting and not as a result of modern immigration. Most of the population speaks Russian; only half of ethnic Kazakhs speak Kazakh fluently, although it is enjoying a renaissance. Both Kazakh and Russian languages have official status.

After the fall of the Soviet Union, the German population of Kazakhstan proceeded to emigrate en masse during the 1990s [1], as Germany is willing to repatriate them. Also much of the smaller Greek minority took the chance to repatriate to Greece, so did many Russians move to Russia. Some groups have fewer good options for emigration but because of the economic situation are also leaving at rates comparable to the rest of the former East bloc.

Kazakh boy with a camel in Baikonur

Table: Ethnic Composition of Kazakhstan (census data)[1]

Nationality 1959 % 1970 % 1979 % 1989 % 1999 %
Kazakh 30.0 32.6 36.0 40.1 53.4
Russian 42.7 42.4 40.8 37.4 29.9
Ukrainian 8.2 7.2 6.1 5.4 3.7
Belarusian 1.2 1.5 1.2 1.1 0.8
German 7.1 6.6 6.1 5.8 2.4
Tatar 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.7
Uzbek 1.5 1.7 1.8 2.0 2.5
Uighur 0.6 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.4
Korean 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.7

Table: Ethnic Composition of Kazakhstan (Detailed Census Data)[2]

Ethnic groups 1999 1989 As % of 1989 % Of Pop Notes
Total population 14,953,126 16,464,464 90.82 100.00
Kazakh 7,985,039 6,534,616 122.19 53.40
Russians 4,479,618 6,227,549 71.93 29.95 See Russians in Kazakhstan
Ukrainians 547,052 896,240 61.03 3.65
Uzbeks 370,663 332,017 111.63 2.47
Germans 353,441 957,518 36.91 2.36
Tatars 248,952 327,982 75.90 1.66
Uighurs 210,339 185,301 113.51 1.40
Belarusians 111,926 182,601 61.29 0.74
Koreans 99,657 103,315 96.45 0.66
Azerbaijanis 78,295 90,083 86.91 0.52
Poles 47,297 59,956 78.88 0.31
Dungans 36,945 30,165 122.47 0.24
Kurds 32,764 25,425 128.86 0.21 See Kurdistan Uyezd
Chechens 31,799 49,507 64.23 0.21
Tajiks 25,657 25,514 100.56 0.17
Bashkirs 23,224 41,847 55.49 0.15
Moldovans 19,458 33,098 58.78 0.13
Ingush 16,893 19,914 84.82 0.11
Mordva 16,147 30,036 53.75 0.10
Armenians 14,758 19,119 77.19 0.09
Greek 12,703 46,746 27.17 0.08
Kyrgyz 10,896 14,112 77.21 0.07
Bulgarians 6,915 10,426 66.32 0.04
Lezgins 4,616 13,905 33.19 0.03
Turkmen 1,729 3,846 44.95 0.01
Other 166,342 203,626 81.68 1.11
No 1 119 0.84 0.00

Total Slavic/European population was 39.0% in 1999. (It was 60.3% in 1959, 57.3% in 1970,54.5% in 1979 and 49.8% in 1989). [3]

Age structure:

  • 0-14 years: 27% (male 2,332,284; female 2,260,730)
  • 15-64 years: 65% (male 5,320,938; female 5,638,710)
  • 65 years and over: 8% (male 398,225; female 782,340) (2000 est.)

Population growth rate:

  • 0.26% (2004 est.)

Birth rate:

  • 16.23 births/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Death rate:

  • 9.4 deaths/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Net migration rate:

  • -3.32 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Sex ratio:

  • at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
  • under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
  • 15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
  • 65 years and over: 0.54 male(s)/female
  • total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2004 est.)

Infant mortality rate:

  • total: 27.41 deaths/1,000 live births
  • male: 31.94 deaths/1,000 live births
  • female: 22.52 deaths/1,000 live births (2007 est.)

Life expectancy at birth:

  • total population: 66.07 years
  • male: 60.72 years
  • female: 71.73 years (2004 est.)

Total fertility rate:

  • 1.9 children born/woman (2004 est.)

According to the Kazakhstan Demographic and Health Survey in 1999, the TFR for Russians was 1.38, that for Russian speaking Kazakhs was 1.9 and that for Kazakh speaking Kazakhs was 2.9 and that for Kazakhs generally was 2.5. TFR in 1989 for Kazakhs & Russians were 3.58 and 2.24 respectively. TFR according to regions: Almaty Gorsovet-1.00, South - 2.86, West-2.26, Karaganda-1.59, North-1.72, East- 1.42. percentage of people currently pregnant was 2.89% (2.95% of Kazakhs, 2.49% of Russians and 3.42% of Others).[2]

Nationality:

  • noun: Kazakhstani(s)
  • adjective: Kazakhstani

Ethnic groups: (1999 census)

Religions:[3][4]

Languages: (2001 est)

  • Kazakh (Qazaq, state language) (20%)
  • Russian (official, used in everyday business) (80%)

Literacy: (1999 est)

  • definition: age 15 and over can read and write
  • total population: 98.4%
  • male: 99.1%
  • female: 97.7%

References

  1. ^ Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights/ http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/minorities/docs/WP5.doc
  2. ^ Kazakhstan: DHS, 1999 - Final Report Chapter 4: Fertility
  3. ^ CIA - The World Factbook - Kazakhstan
  4. ^ Kazakhstan (02/07)

For current data, use these sites.

Template:Kazakhstan-related topics

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