Antonov An-24
| An-24 | |
|---|---|
| |
| Antonov An-24RV of Chukotavia taking off from Anadyr Airport | |
| Role | Transport aircraft |
| Manufacturer | Antonov |
| First flight | 29 October 1959[1] |
| Introduction | 1962 |
| Status | Active service |
| Primary users | Aeroflot Soviet Air Force PLA Air Force |
| Produced | 1959-1979 |
| Number built | 1,367 (including the Chinese Y7)[1] |
| Variants | Antonov An-26[1] Antonov An-30[1] Antonov An-32[1] |
The Antonov An-24 (NATO reporting name: Coke) is a 44-seat twin turboprop transport designed and manufactured in the Soviet Union by the Antonov Design Bureau from 1957.[1]
Development
First flown in 1959, over 1,000 An-24s were built and 880 are still in service worldwide, mostly in the CIS and Africa, with a total of 297 Antonov An-24 aircraft in airline service, as of May 2010.
It was designed to replace the veteran piston Ilyushin Il-14 transport on short to medium haul trips, optimised for operating from rough strips and unprepared airports in remote locations. The high-wing layout protects engines and blades from debris, the power-to-weight ratio is higher than that of many comparable aircraft and the machine is rugged, requiring minimal ground support equipment.
Due to its rugged airframe and good performance, the An-24 was adapted to carry out many secondary missions such as ice reconnaissance and engine/propeller test-bed, as well as further development to produce the An-26 tactical transport, An-30 photo-mapping/survey aircraft and An-32 tactical transport with more powerful engines. Various projects were envisaged such as a four jet short/medium haul airliner and various iterations of powerplant.
The main production line was at the Kiev-Svyatoshin (now "Aviant") aircraft production plant which built 985, with 180 built at Ulan Ude and a further 197 An-24T tactical transport/freighters at Irkutsk. Production in Ukraine and the USSR was shut down by 1978.
Production continues at China's Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation which makes licenced, reverse-engineered and redesigned aircraft as the Xian [Yunshuji] Y7, and its derivatives. Manufacture of the Y7, in civil form, has now been supplanted by the MA60 derivative with western engines and avionics, to improve performance and economy, and widen the export appeal.
Variants
- An-24: : Original design and prototypes. Twin-engined 44-seat transport aircraft.[1]
- An-24A : (first use) Airliner project powered by Kuznetsov NK-4 turbo-props, discontinued when the NK-4 was cancelled.[1]
- An-24A : (second use) Production 50-seat airliners built at Kiev with the APU exhaust moved to the tip of the starboard nacelle.[1]
- An-24ALK (Avtomatizeerovannaya [sistema] Lyotnovo Kontrolya – automatic flight check system) : Several An-24s were converted for navaids calibration tasks, with one An-24LR 'Toros' re-designated An-24ALK after conversion. This aircraft was fitted with a photo-theodolite and powerful light sources for the optical sensors.[1]
- An-24AT : A 1962 project for a Tactical transport with rear loading ramp and powered by Isotov TV2-117DS coupled turboprops.[1]
- An-24AT-RD (RD – Reaktivnyye Dvigateli – jet engines): The An-24AT tactical transport project with two turbojet boosters pod-mounted under the outer wings and a wider loading ramp.[1]
- An-24AT-U (Ooskoriteli – boosters) : A projected Tactical transport from 1966 with three or five PRD-63 (Porokhovoy Raketnyy Dvigatel – gunpowder rocket motor) JATO bottles , wider cargo ramp and provision for up to three brake parachutes.[1]
- An-24B: : The second 50-seat airliner version with one extra window each side, simple-slotted flaps replacing the complex double-slotted flaps and extended chord of the centre-section to compensate for the lower performance flaps. Some aircraft were delivered with four extra fuel bladders in the wing centre-section.[1]
- An-24D : A projected long-range airliner version of the An-24B with a single RU-19 booster jet engine in the starboard nacelle, streched fuselage with seating for 60, strengthened structure and increased fuel capacity.[1]
- An-24LL (Letyushchaya Laborotoriya – flying laboratory) : The generic suffix LL can be applied to any test-bed, but in the An-24's case seems to refer to a single aircraft equipped for metrology (science of measurement), to be used for checking the airworthiness of production aircraft.[1]
- An-24LP (LesoPozharnyy – forest fire fighter) : Three An-24RV aircraft converted into fire bombers/cloud seeders by installing a tank in the cabin , optical smoke and flame detectors, provision for a thermal imager, racks for carrying flare dispensers and the ability to carry firefighters for para-dropping.[1]
- An-24LR 'Toros'(Ice Hummock)(Ledovyy Razvedchik – ice reconnaissance) : At least two An-24Bs converted to carry the 'Toros' SLAR(sideways looking airborne radar) either side of the lower fuselage, for ice reconnaissance, guiding icebreakers, convoys and other shipping.[1]
- An-24LR 'Nit'(Thread) : One An-24B was converted to with 'Nit' SLAR in very large pods along the lower fuselage sides.[1]
- An-24PRT (Poikovo-spasahtel'nyy Reaktivnyy [Ooskoritel'] Trahnsportnyy – SAR boosted transport) : The production search and rescue aircraft based on the An-24RT, eleven built.[1]
- An-24PS (Poikovo-Spasahtel'nyy – SAR) : A single An-24B aircraft converted for search and rescue duties, rejected after acceptance trials in favour of a derivative of the An-24RT.[1]
- An-24RR ([samolyot] Radiotsionnyy Razvedchik – radiation intelligence [aircraft]) : Four aircraft converted as Nuclear, biological and chemical warfare reconnaissance versions of the An-24B, carrying RR8311-100 air sampling pods low on the forward fuselage and a sensor pod on a pylon on the port fuselage side.[1]
- An-24RT (Reaktivnyy [Ooskoritel'] Trahnsportnyy – boosted transport) : Similar to the AN-24T, fitted with an auxiliary turbojet engine.[1]
- An-24RT (Retranslyator – relay installation) : A few An-24T and An-24RT aircraft converted to Communications relay aircraft. Sometimes referred to as An-24Rt to differentiate from the An-24RT.[1]
- An-24RV (Reaktivnyy [Ooskoritel'] V – boosted V) : Turbojet boosted export version, similar to the An-24V but fitted with a 1,985-lb (900-kg) thrust auxiliary turbojet engine in the starboard nacelle.[1]
- An-24ShT (Shtabnoy Trahnsportnyy – Staff/HQ transport) : A tactical Airborne Command Post for use by commanders, also capable of forming ground based communications and HQ.[1]
- An-24T (Trahnsportnyy – transport) : (first use) Tactical transport version, rejected due to poor field performance during acceptance testing.[1]
- An-24T (Trahnsportnyy – transport) : (second use) A tactical transport version with a ventral loading hatch, cargo winch and escape hatch aft of the nose landing gear.[1]
- An-24T 'Troyanda' (Ukrainian – rose) : From the 1960s the Soviet Union was faced with nuclear submarine threats that were virtually undetectable with the technology available. To assist in the development of sophisticated, optical, chemical, sonic, infra-red and electromagnetic detection systems several aircraft were built or modified as test-beds. One significant aircraft was the An-24T 'Troyanda' which was built new, for the development of sonobuoy and infra-red detection systems. As well as equipment inside the cabin, sensors could be mounted in large teardrop fairings either side of the lower forward fuselage, and extra equipment could also be carried in extended wing centre-section fairings.[1]
- An-24TV (Trahnsportnyy V – transport V) : The export cargo version of the An-24T.[1]
- An-24USh (Oochebno-Shtoormanskiy {samolyot] – Navigator training aircraft) : Seven An-24Bs were converted to An-24USh navigator/air traffic controller trainers with five training stations and four standard rows of seats for trainees in waiting. Outwardly the Ush was distinguishable by the bulged windows at each trainee station.[1]
- An-24V-I : The initial export version of the An-24B 50-seat airliner with the early narrow chord inner wings, double-slotted flaps, single ventral fin, powered by two 2,550 hp (1,902 kW) Ivchenko AI-24A turboprop engines.[1]
- An-24V-II : Export late production 50-seat mixed passenger, cargo and freight aircraft with extended chord inner wing, single-slotted flaps, twin ventral fins and powered by AI-24T(SrsII) engines.[1]
- An-26 : Tactical transport with cargo ramp.
- An-30 : Survey/Photo-mapping aircraft.
- An-32 : Hot and high re-engined An-26.
- An-34 : The initial designation of the An-24T production tactical transport, discarded shortly after production began.[1]
- An-50 : A mid-1960s project for a jet-powered An-24, with four Ivchenko AI-25 turbofan engines in podded pairs, pylon mounted forward of the wings. Not proceeded with due to competition from the Yak-40.[1]
- Xian Y7 : The Y7 is a Chinese reverse-engineered version of The An-24 /An-26 family.[1]
- MA60 : Up-graded and Westernised Y7.
Operators
Military
Afghanistan- The Afghan Air Force received six from 1975.
Algeria- Algerian Air Force
Angola- People's Air and Air Defence Force of Angola
Armenia- Armenian Air Force
Azerbaijan- Azerbaijan Air Force
Bangladesh- Bangladeshi Air Force, none in service, all retired
Belarus- Belarus Air Force
Bulgaria- Bulgaria Air Force
Cambodia- Royal Cambodian Air Force
China
Republic of the Congo- Congolese Air Force
Cuba- Cuban Air Force
Czech Republic- Czech air force (before 2005)
- Czechoslovakia
- Czechoslovakian Air Force - No longer in service.
East Germany- Luftstreitkräfte der NVA
Egypt- Egyptian Air Force
Georgia- Georgian Air Force
Guinea- Military of Guinea
Guinea-Bissau- Military of Guinea-Bissau
Equatorial Guinea- Equatorial Guinea Air Force
Hungary- Hungarian Air Force
Iran- Iranian Air Force
Iraq- Iraqi Air Force
Kazakhstan- Military of Kazakhstan
Laos- Lao People's Liberation Army Air Force
Mali- Military of Mali
Mozambique- Military of Mozambique
Mongolia- Mongolian Air Force - All An-24 retired in 2003
North Korea- Korean People's Army Air Force
Poland- Polish Air Force- An-24 fleet retired in beginning of 2009
Romania- Romanian Air Force - the last An-24 of the RoAF was retired in 2007[2]
Russia
Slovakia- Slovak Air Force last one retired in 2006
Somalia- Somali Air Corps
Sudan- Sudanese Air Force
Syria- Syrian Air Force
Turkmenistan- Military of Turkmenistan
Ukraine- Ukrainian Air Force
Soviet Union
Civil operators
Major operators of some of the 448 Antonov An-24 aircraft still in airline service at August 2006 include: Scat Air (20), TomskAvia (6). Some 112 other airlines also operate smaller numbers of the type.[3]
- Aero Caribbean (1)
- Cubana de Aviacion (2)
- Air Koryo (8)
- Aeroflot (6)
- Novosibirsk Air Enterprise (9)
- UT Air (17)
- Yakutia Airlines (17)
- Jubba Airways (1)
- Air Urga (10)
- ARP 410 Airlines (10)
- Ukraine National Airlines (12)
Former civil operators
Civil operators have included:
| UGA - (Oopravleniye Grazhdahnskoy Aviahtsii - Civil Aviation Directorate) | OAO - (Otdel'nyy Aviaotryad – independent flight detachment) | LO - (Lyvotnyy Otryad – flight squad) / Aviaeskadril'ya - squadrons) | Home Base | CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) Airline |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arkhangel'sk | 2nd Arkhangel'sk | 392nd | Arkhangel'sk-Vas'kovo | AVL Arkhangelsk Airlines |
| Azerbaijan | Baku | 360th / 1st & 3rd squadrons | Baku-Bina | AZAL (no An-24s) |
| Belorussian | Gomel' | 105th / 1st squadron | Gomel' | Gomel'avia |
| 1st Minsk | 353rd | Minsk-Loshitsa (Minsk-1) | Belavia;Minsk-Avia | |
| Mogilyov | Mogilyov | Mogilyov-Avia | ||
| Central Regions | Belgorod | Belgorod | Belgorod Air Enterprise (no An-24s) | |
| Bryansk | Bryansk | Bravia (Bryansk-Avia) | ||
| Bykovo | 61st | Moscow-Bykovo | Bykovo Avia | |
| Ivanovo | Ivanovo-Yoozhnyy (Zhukovka) | IGAP (Ivanovo State Air Enterprise) | ||
| Kostroma | Kostroma | Kostroma Air Enterprise | ||
| Kursk | Kursk | Kurskavia | ||
| Ryazan' | Ryazan' | Ryazan'aviatrans | ||
| Tambov | 169th | Tambov-Donskoye | Aviata (Avalinii Tambova) | |
| Tula | 294th | Tula | Tula Air Enterprise | |
| Voronezh | 243rd | Voronezh | Voronezhavia | |
| Vladimir | Vladimir | Vladimir Air Enterprise / Avialeso'okhrana | ||
| East Siberian | Bobaido | Bobaido | Bobaido Air Enterprise | |
| Chita | 136th / 1st Squadron | Chita | Chita Avia | |
| Irkutsk | 134th | Irkutsk-1 | Baikal Airlines | |
| Ust'-Ilimsk | Ust'-Ilimsk | Ust'-Ilimsk Air Enterprise | ||
| Ust'-Kut | Ust'-Kut | Ust'-Kut Air Enterprise | ||
| Ulan-Ude | 138th | Ulan-Ude / Mookhino | Buryatia Airlines | |
| Far Eastern | Sakhalin CAPA / Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk UAD | 147th / 1st Squadron | Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk / Khomutvo | Sakhalinskiye Aviatrassy |
| 1st Khabarovsk | 289th | Khabarovsk | Dalavia Far East Airlines Khabarovsk | |
| Kazakh | Chimkent | 158th | Chimkent | Kazakstan Airlines;Chimkent-Avia |
| Goor'yev | 156th | Goor'yev | Kazakstan Airlines;Atyrau Air Ways | |
| Karaganda | 14th | Karaganda | Kazakstan Airlines | |
| Kustanay | 155th | Kustanay | Kazakstan Airlines | |
| Tselinograd | 239th | Tselinograd | Kazakstan Airlines;Air Astana | |
| Kirghiz | (dissolved by 1987) | |||
| Komi | Syktyvkar | 366th | Syktyvkar | Komiavia;Komiinteravia |
| Krasnoyarsk | Abakan | 130th | Abakan | Khakassia Airlines (Abakan A.E.) |
| Latvian | Riga | 106th / 2nd Squadron | Riga-Spilve | Latavio |
| Leningrad | Pskov | 320th / 2nd Squadron | Pskov | |
| Lithuanian | Vilnius | 277th / 4th Squadron | Vilnius | Lithuanian Airlines |
| Magadan | Anadyr' | Anadyr'-Oogol'nyy | Chukotavia | |
| Chaunskoye | 6th | Chaunskoye | Chaunskoye Air Enterprise | |
| 1st Magadan | 185th / (1st or 3rd Squadron) | Magadan-Sokol | Kolyma-Avia | |
| Moldavian | Kishinyov | 407th | Kishinyov | Air Moldova |
| North Caucasian | Astrakhan' | 110th | Astrakhan'-Narimanovo | Astrakhan' Airlines |
| Krasnodar | 241st/ 3rd Squadron | Krasnodar | ALK Kuban Airlines | |
| Makhachkala | 111th | Makhachkala | Daghestan Airlines | |
| Stavropol' | Stavropol' | SAAK (Stavropol' Joint Stock AL) | ||
| Taganrog | Taganrog | Tavia | ||
| Tajik | Leninabad | 292nd / 2nd Squadron | Leninabad | Tajikstan Airlines |
| Training Establishments Directorate | KVLUGA (Kirovograd Civil Aviation Higher Flying School) | Kirovograd | Ukraine State Flight Academy | |
| Turkmen | Ashkhabad | 165th / 1st Squadron | Ashkhabad | Turkmenistan Airlines/Akhal |
| Krasnovodsk | 360th / 1st Squadron | Krasnovodsk | Turkmenistan Airlines/Khazar | |
| Maryy Composite Independent Air Squadron | Maryy | |||
| Tashauz | Tashauz | |||
| Tyumen' | Salekhard | Salekhard | Tyumen' Avia Trans | |
| Surgut | 358th | Surgut | Surgur Avia | |
| Ukrainian | Donetsk | Donetsk | Donbass – East Ukrainian Airlines | |
| Kiev | 86th / 2nd Squadron | Kiev-Zhulyany | Air Ukraine / Avialinïi Okraïny | |
| Kirovograd | Kirovograd-Khmelyovoye | Air URGA | ||
| L'vov | 88th | L'vov | Lviv Airlines | |
| Simferopol' | 84th | Simferopol' | Aviakomaniya Krym / Crimea AL | |
| Voroshilovgrad | Voroshilovgrad | |||
| Urals | Izhevsk | Izhevsk | Izhavia | |
| Kirov | Kirov | Kirov Air Enterprises (no An-24s) | ||
| Magnitogorsk | Magnitogorsk | Magnitogorsk Air Enterprise | ||
| 1st Perm' | Perm'-Bolshoye Savino | Perm Airlines | ||
| 1st Sverdlovsk | Sverdlovsk-Kol'tsovo | Ural Airlines [Yekaterinburg] | ||
| Uzbek | Samarkand | 163rdrd | Samarkand | Uzbekistan Airways |
| Tashkent | 160th | Tashkent-Yoozhnyy | Uzbekistan Airways | |
| Volga | Cheboksary | Cheboksary | Cheboksary Air Enterprise | |
| Cheboksary | Nizhnekamsk Independent air Squadron | Nizhnekamsk | Nizhnekamsk Air Enterprise | |
| Gor'kiy | Gor'kiy-Strigino | Nizhegorodskie Airlines (sic) | ||
| TatarCAPA / 1st Kazan' | 408th | Kazan' | Tatarstan Airlines | |
| Orenburg | 195th / 2nd Squadron | Orenburg-Tsentral'nyy | Orenburg Airlines | |
| Penza | 396th | Penza | Penza Air Enterprise | |
| Saransk | Saransk | |||
| Saratov | Saratov | |||
| Ufa | 415th | Ufa | BAL Bashkirian Airlines | |
| Yoshkar-Ola | Yoshkar-Ola | |||
| West Siberian | Kemerovo | 196th | Kemerovo | |
| Kolpashevo | Kolpashevo | |||
| Novosibirsk | 6th(?) | Novosibirsk-Severnyy | 2nd Novosibirsk Air Enterprise | |
| Tolmachovo | 448th | Novosibirsk-Tolmachovo | Sibir' | |
| Novokuznetsk | 184th | Novokuznetsk | Aerokuznetsk | |
| Omsk | 365th / 2nd Squadron | Omsk | Omsk-Avia | |
| Tomsk | 119trh | Tomsk | Tomsk Avia | |
| Yakutian | Yakutsk | 271st | Yakutsk | Sakha Avia |
| Mirnyy | Mirnyy | Almazy Rossii – Sakha (Alrosa) | ||
| GosNII GVF (Gosoodarstvenny Naoochno-Issledovatel'skiy Institoot Grazdahnskovo Vozdooshnovo Flota - state scientific test institute for civil air fleet) | Moscow - Sheremet'yevo-1 |
Accidents
Summary: as of 2004
- Hull-loss accidents: 109 with a total of 1673 fatalities
- Other occurrences: 11 with a total of 59 fatalities
- Hijackings: 33 with a total of 4 fatalities
Recent An-24 accidents
- On 18 March 1997, Stavropolskaya Aktsionernaya Avia Flight 1023 crashed into a forest in Cherkessk, Russia killing 50 on board.
- On 29 September 1998, a LionAir An-24 (leased from Gomelavia) was shot down by the Tamil Tigers near Mannar, killing all 7 crew and 48 passengers.
- On 16 July 2005, an Equatair An-24 crashed into a jungle near Baney shortly after takeoff, killing all 60 people on board.
- On 19 January 2006, a Slovak An-24 military transport with 43 persons on board (of which 28 were soldiers) crashed in Hungary, only 3 km from the Slovak border. Only one person survived, and 42 were reported dead. The plane was carrying Slovak KFOR forces that had been serving in Kosovo for half a year.[4] See also 2006 Slovak Air Force Antonov An-24 crash
- On 25 June 2007, a Cambodian PMTair An-24 commercial flight with 16 passengers and six crew on board crashed in mountains 130 km south of the capital Phnom Penh. The flight was en route from Siem Reap, near the historic Angkor Wat temples, to the coastal town of Sihanoukville.[5][6] See also PMTair Flight U4 241
- On 4 February 2010, Yakutia Airlines Flight 425, operated by RA-47360 suffered an engine failure on take-off from Yakutsk Airport for Olekminsk Airport. During the subsequent landing, the nose and port main undercarriage were retracted, causing substantial damage to the aircraft.[7]
- On 17 May 2010, a Pamir Airways Antonov AN-24 operating as Flight 112 crashed 100 km away from Kabul International Airport.[8] The plane was en route from Kunduz Airport to Kabul, when it suddenly disappeared from radar.[9][10]
- On 3 August 2010, Katekavia Flight 9357, operated by an Antonov An-24, crashed on approach to Igarka Airport, Russia. Seven people were killed. The aircraft was on a domestic scheduled passenger flight from Krasnoyarsk Airport.[11]
- On 11 November 2010, a Tarco Airlines An-24 flight from Khartoum International Airport crashed on landing at Zalingei Airport, Sudan. One passenger was killed. One person received serious injuries and another five escaped with minor injuries The remaining 32 passengers and five crew escaped injury.[12]
Specifications (An-24)
 |
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General characteristics
- Crew: 3-4: 2 pilots, 1 flight engineer, (optional) 1 radio operator
- Capacity: 52 passengers (AN-24V 50 passengers)
Performance
See also
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
Related lists
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak Gordon, Yefim. Komissarov, Dmitry & Sergey. “Antonov's Turboprop Twins”. Hinkley. Midland. 2003. ISBN 1-85780-153-9
- ^ Marnix Sap, Carlo Brummer: Fortele Aeriene Romane in: Lotnictwo Nr. 4/2010 Template:Pl icon
- ^ Flight International, 3-9 October 2006
- ^ Nærland, Mina Hauge (2006-01-19). "Slovakisk militærfly styrtet". Dagbladet.no (in Norwegian). DB Medialab. Retrieved 2006-06-30.
- ^ RTÉ News, Ireland (2007-06-24). "Angkor Wat tourists in plane crash". RTE.ie. Radio Telefís Éireann. Retrieved 2007-06-24.
- ^ CNN International (2007-06-25). "Tourists missing as plane crashes". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2007-07-08. Retrieved 2007-06-25.
{{cite news}}:|last=has generic name (help) - ^ Hradecky, Simon. "Accident: Yakutia AN24 at Yakutsk on Feb 4th 2010, rejected takeoff, presumably early gear retraction". Aviation Herald. Retrieved 4 February 2010.
- ^ Afghan Official: Passenger Plane Crashes
- ^ Afghan passenger flight reported missing
- ^ Airways plane carrying 41 people missing between Kunduz and Kabul
- ^ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 2 August 2010.
- ^ Hradecky, Simon. "Accident: Tarco Airlines AN24 at Zalingei on Nov 11th 2010, burst tyres on landing, broke up and burst into flames". Aviation Herald. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
- Gordon, Yefim. Komissarov, Dmitry & Sergey. “Antonov's Turboprop Twins”. Hinkley. Midland. 2003. ISBN 1-85780-153-9
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Antonov An-24.