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This article is about the mobile/tablet operating system from HP. For the metacomputing term, see Web operating system.
HP webOS
DeveloperHewlett Packard since 2010, previously Palm
Written inC++
OS familyLinux
Source modelClosed Source
Latest release3.0.5 (tablet)
1.4.5 (Pre, Pre Plus (US), Pixi, and Pixi Plus) 2.1 (Pre Plus (UK) and Pre 2) 2.1.2 (Veer) 2.2.4 (Pre 3) (phone) / January 12, 2012; 12 years ago (2012-01-12)
Marketing targetEmbedded devices
Available inEnglish (US), Spanish, French, Italian and German
PlatformsARM
Kernel typeMonolithic (Linux)
Default
user interface		Graphical (Luna)
LicenseProprietary
Official websitewww.hpwebos.com

HP webOS, formerly Palm webOS or simply webOS, is a mobile operating system based on a Linux kernel, initially developed by Palm, which was later acquired by Hewlett-Packard.[1] The official name is webOS, uncapitalised,[2] but WebOS is also used.[note 1]

Palm launched webOS in January 2009. Various versions of webOS have been featured on several devices, including Pre, Pixi, and Veer phones and the HP TouchPad tablet.

After the failure of the HP TouchPad and the proposed sale of the HP Personal Systems Group, HP announced plans to release an open source version of the WebOS platform, named Open webOS. Code specific to the existing devices was released as webOS Community Edition (CE), with support for the existing HP hardware. Open webOS includes open source libraries designed to target a wider range of hardware.

Background

Palm launched webOS in January 2009 as the successor to Palm OS. The first webOS device was the original Palm Pre, released by Sprint in June 2009. The Palm Pixi followed. Upgraded "Plus" versions of both Pre and Pixi were released on Verizon and AT&T.

In April 2010, HP acquired Palm; webOS was described as a key asset and motivation for the purchase. The $1.2 billion acquisition finalized in June. HP indicated its intention to develop the webOS platform for use in multiple new products, including smartphones, tablet computers and printers.[3]

In February 2011, HP announced that it would use webOS as the universal platform for all its devices.[4] However, HP also made the decision[5] that the Palm Pre, Palm Pixi, and the "Plus" revisions would not receive over-the-air updates to webOS 2.0,[6] despite a previous commitment to an upgrade "in coming months".[7] HP announced several new webOS devices, including the HP Veer and HP Pre 3 smartphones, running webOS 2.2, and the HP TouchPad, a tablet computer released in July 2011 that runs webOS 3.0.

In March 2011, HP announced plans for a version of webOS by the end of 2011 to run within Windows,[8] and to be installed on all HP desktop and notebook computers in 2012.[9] Neither ever materialized, although work had begun on an x86 port around this time involving a team in Fort Collins, Colorado. Work was scrapped later in the year.

In August 2011, HP announced that it was interested in selling its Personal Systems Group, responsible for all of its consumer PC products, including webOS, and that webOS device development and production lines would be halted.[10][11][12] It was unclear whether HP would consider licensing of webOS software to other manufacturers. When HP reduced the price of the Touchpad to $99, the existing inventory quickly sold out.[13]

The HP Pre 3 was launched in select areas of Europe, with U.S.-based units only having been made available through unofficial channels after both AT&T and Verizon canceled their orders just prior to delivery after Apotheker's announcement. [14] Notably, these U.S. Pre 3 units, having been released through unofficial channels, lacked both warranties and carried no support obligation from HP as a result with parts nearly impossible to come by. HP announced that it would continue to issue updates for the HP Veer and HP TouchPad, but these updates have failed to materialize for the former, and the latter saw a final, unofficial release called webOS CE that contained only open-sourced components of webOS meant for what remained of the developer community rather than a conventional, user-centric update to the operating system.

In December 2011, HP announced it would release webOS source code in the near future under an open-source license.[15]

Features

Devices

The Palm Pre, the Palm Pre Plus, the Palm Pixi, and Palm Pixi Plus run webOS version 1.4.5. [16]

The Pre 2, Pre 3, and the Veer run webOS version 2.X.X

The HP TouchPad runs webOS version 3.

Interface

Navigation uses multi-touch gestures on the touchscreen. The interface uses "cards" to manage multitasking and represent apps. The user switches between running applications by a flicking gesture from left and right on the screen. Applications are closed by flicking a "card" up—and "off"—the screen. The application "cards" can be rearranged for organization and in webOS 2.0+, Stacks are introduced, where related cards can be "stacked" together.

Synergy

Palm referred to integration of information from many sources as "Synergy". Users can sign in to multiple email accounts from different providers and integrate all of these sources into a single list. Similar capabilities pull together calendars and also instant messages and SMS text messages from multiple sources. [17]

Notifications

The notification area is located on the bottom portion of the screen on phones, and on the top status bar area on tablets.

On phones, when a notification comes in, it slides in from the bottom of the screen. Due to the resizable nature of the Mojo and Enyo application frameworks, the app usually resizes itself to allow unhindered use while the notification is displayed. After the notification slides away, it usually remains as an icon. The user can then tap on the icons to expand them. Notifications can then be dismissed (sliding off the screen), acted upon (tapping), or left alone.

Synchronization

By default, data synchronization uses a cloud-based approach rather than using a desktop sync client, but various third-party sync clients are available.[citation needed] The first version of webOS shipped with the ability to sync with Apple's iTunes software by masquerading as an Apple device, but this feature was disabled by subsequent software updates from Apple.

Third-party applications

Officially vetted third-party applications are accessible from the device for wireless download by using the App Catalog.[18]

Another source of applications is known as Homebrew.[19][20] Homebrew is not directly supported by HP. Programs used to distribute homebrew webOS applications include webOS Quick Install (Java-based for Desktop computers), and Preware (a homebrew webOS app catalog, which must be sideloaded to install.) If software problems do occur after installing homebrew programs, webOS Doctor (provided by HP) can restore a phone back to factory settings and remove most changes made by homebrew apps and patches.[21]

As webOS replaced Palm OS, Palm commissioned MotionApps to code and develop an emulator called Classic, to enable backward compatibility to Palm OS applications. This operates with webOS version 1. PalmOS emulation was discontinued in webOS version 2.0.[22] MotionApps disengaged from Classic in 2010, citing HP Palm as "disruptive".[23]

Version history

webOS version Release date Notes

1.0.1

RTM[24] The 1.0.2 OTA update was already available on the first day of sale. Some Pres required this OTA update from 1.0.1 to 1.0.2 while others already had 1.0.2 pre-loaded.[25]

1.0.2

5 June 2009

1.0.3

19 June 2009[26]

1.0.4

29 June 2009[27]

1.1.0

23 July 2009[28] First release for Bell Canada[29]

1.1.2

RTM for Palm Pre from O2[30] 1.2 was already available in the United States when the O2 phones were released with 1.1.2. The 1.1.3 update was already available for European OTA update when the phones were available for sale.

1.1.3

13 October 2009 OTA update released only in Europe for GSM Palm Pre. Available on launch day. When released, 1.2 was already available in the United States.

1.2.0

28 September 2009[31] This was the first release said to support paid apps from the App Catalog.[32][33]

1.2.1

2 October 2009 for Sprint,[34] 6 October 2009 for Bell Canada[35]

1.2.9.1

Pixi RTM This was a Pixi-only release. Version 1.3.1 was already available for OTA update when the Pixi was released[36]

1.3.1

14 November 2009 for Sprint and Bell Canada[37]

22 November 2009 for O2 Europe[38] For European carriers, this was the first OTA update following 1.1.3.

1.3.2

2 December 2009[39] This was a Pixi-only release

1.3.3

Not Released Appears on the Palm Open Source Packages page as a release, but was never released on any known carrier.[40]

1.3.5

28 December 2009[41] Only available on Sprint.

1.3.5.1

4 January 2010 for Sprint,[42] 5 January for Bell Canada,[43] 25 January for Verizon[44] Only released in North America

1.3.5.2

12 January 2010[45] Only released in Europe

1.3.8

Pre-Release[46] This appears to be a pre-release version used when testing the AT&T Pre and Pixi.

1.4.0

26 February 2010 for Sprint, O2, Movistar,[47] 28 February 2010 for Verizon,[48] 4 March 2010 for Bell Cananda,[49] 5 March 2010 for Telcel Mexico[50] This is the current version released for Telcel Mexico Pres.

1.4.1

31 March 2010 in Europe,[51][52] 1 April 2010 in Canada[53] Released only in Europe and Canada

1.4.1.1

31 March 2010 for Sprint,[54] 29 April 2010 for Verizon[55] Released only in the United States

1.4.1.2

Pre-Release[56] Seen on a reviewer pre-production Vodafone Pixi Plus phone, presumed to be functionally equivalent to 1.4.1.1.

1.4.1.3

RTM for O2 Pixi Plus[57] Released only on the O2 Pixi Plus, supposed to be functionally equivalent to 1.4.1.1.

1.4.2

RTM for AT&T Pre Plus[58] Only on the AT&T Pre Plus, supposed to be functionally equivalent to 1.4.1.1.

1.4.3

RTM for AT&T Pixi Plus Only on the AT&T Pixi Plus, supposed to be functionally equivalent to 1.4.1.1.

1.4.5

14 July 2010 The update was made available for different devices over several months starting 2010 July[59][60][61] with the last device to receive this update, the ATT Pixi Plus, receiving it in 2010 October.[62] Some carriers (notably Telcel Mexico) never deployed this update. This is the final update for Pre and Pixi, and so far Pixi Plus phones, with some carriers releasing further updates[63] for the Pre Plus and others not.

1.4.5.1

9 May 2011 Some bug fixes but has no new features. [2]. Current for Pre, Pre Plus, Pixi, and Pixi Plus.

2.0.0

22 October 2010 This is an RTM release for the Pre 2.[64] Many WebOS phones used by consumers currently still use 1.4.0 or 1.4.5 and may be left on those versions indefinitely.

2.0.1

19 November 2010 This is an RTM release, for Pre 2 phones or unlocked devices.[65]

2.1.0

8 March 2011 Available on the Pre 2 through an OTA update[66] and the Pre Plus for O2 Germany and Vodafone Europe through a USB-tethered "doctor" update.[67] Current for North American Verizon Pre 2.

2.1.1

02 Jul 2011 This is an RTM release for the HP Veer O2 (EU). Current for EU Veer.

2.1.2

15 May 2011 This is an RTM release for the HP Veer AT&T (US). Current for North American Veer.

2.2

August 17, 2011 This is an RTM release for the HP Pre 3 [3].

2.2.3

September 28, 2011 This is an OTA release for the HP Pre 3 [4].

2.2.4

December 9, 2011 This is an OTA release for some Palm Pre 2 models and the HP Pre 3. Additions for the Pre 2 include Skype, Data-At-Rest-Encryption, and non-Touchstone TouchPad sharing. Current for Unlocked Palm Pre 2, and all regions for Pre 3.

3.0

July 1, 2011 Initial version of WebOS for HP TouchPad.

3.0.2

August 1, 2011 Update for the HP TouchPad.

3.0.4

October 18, 2011 An OTA update for the HP TouchPad. Ability to pair non-WebOS phones with the HP Touchpad. New Camera app for photos and videos. Support for playing Ogg Vorbis and FLAC lossless music files.[68]

3.0.5

January 12, 2012 The HP webOS 3.0.5 update enhances core apps like Email and Calendar, improves the video calling experience, and fixes additional bugs. Faster switching between Day, Week, and Month views, and faster event display in Calendar. Faster scrolling when reading an email message. Email attachments are now saved with draft messages. Added sender photos and IM presence indicators in Email. Improved stability when watching video in the Web app. Improved handling of MP3s that are transferred from a computer using USB Drive mode. Added a dedicated view of contacts available for a video call, for quicker setup of a video call.

New alert when video quality might be lower because of network issues. When typing, pressing the space bar twice inserts a period. This can be toggled on and off. Auto-correction can be turned off directly from the onscreen keyboard. Added support for HTTP Live Streaming.[69] Current for Touchpad.

Platform

Underneath the graphical user interface, webOS has much in common with mainstream Linux distributions. Versions 1.0 to 2.1 use a patched Linux 2.6.24 kernel.[70]

The list of open-source components used by the different releases of webOS, as well as the source code of and patches applied to each component, is available at the Palm Open Source web page.[70] This page also serves as a reference listing of the versions of webOS that have been publicly released.

In 2011, Enyo replaced Mojo, released in June 2009, as the software development kit (SDK).[71] In December 2011, HP announced that Enyo will be contributed to the open-source community, along with webOS in the "near future".

Development

HP provides resources for webOS developers[72] and instructions for enrolling in the HP Palm Developer Program.[73]

The latest version of the webOS SDK is version 3.0.5. It can be downloaded directly from HP Palm's development center. With this SDK, developers are able to make applications for a variety of webOS devices including the HP Veer and the HP Touchpad. Included in the SDK is also the PDK, which grants developers access to compilers, coding libraries, scripts, utilities, and documents that aid in C/C++ development. Applications can also be written in HTML5, JavaScript, and CSS using either the Mojo or Enyo framework.

The webOS Development Center also has quick start guides that help ease the transition from iOS, web, and C/C++ development.

Milestones

Date Applications available Downloads, cumulative
6 June 2009 18 Launch
17 June 2009 30[74]
27 June 2009 30 1 million[75]
13 July 2009 30 official, 31 unofficial[76]
16 July 2009 30 official 1.8 million[77]
29 July 2009 32 official[78]
25 August 2009 41 official[79]
7 November 2009 356 official[80]
1 January 2010 1000 official[81]
27 July 2010 3000 official[82]
29 September 2010 4000 official[83]
9 December 2011 10,002 official

As of July, 2012, many applications including NavIt, Carbon, and, more recently, The New York Times have been precipitously pulled from the App Catalog. The actual number of remaining applications is currently unknown, but presumed to be lower than 10,000. When factoring out abandoned and/or non-functioning applications that remain in the App Catalog at present, the number is projected to be substantially lower still.

The number of currently maintained applications on the platform, defined as any application that has seen an update within the prior six months, remains a small fraction of the total as developer attrition accelerated in the latter half of 2011 after retail presence ceased, and through present in 2012 as webOS marketshare fell to a combined (with PalmOS) 0.6% as of Q2.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ In accordance with Wikipedia policy at Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks, "WebOS" is used in this article.

References

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  2. ^ "HP webOS Developer FAQ". palm.
  3. ^ TechLand: "HP Is Committed to Its 'webOS' Platform (and It Should Be)." Ben Bajarin, June 30.
  4. ^ http://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/hp-snubs-windows-plans-to-integrate-webos-into-pcs/
  5. ^ "Thanks (really!) for the feedback". Hewlett Packard.
  6. ^ "HP Breaks Promise - webOS 2.0 Upgrades for Palm Pre and Pixi Not Coming". Brighthand.com. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
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  8. ^ "HP TouchPad coming June, webOS for PC beta by year's end". Engadget.
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  47. ^ Dieter Bohn (27 February 2010). "webOS 1.4 Available Now for Sprint, O2, Movistar; Verizon, Bell, Telcel Users Wait". precentral.net. Retrieved 16 March 2010.
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