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Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex

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"Prince Harry" redirects here. For other uses, see Prince Henry (disambiguation) and Henry, Prince of Wales (disambiguation).

Ben Baker
Duke of Sussex (more)
Prince Harry at the 2017 Invictus Games
Born (1984-09-15) 15 September 1984 (age 40)
St Mary's Hospital, London, England
Spouse
​
(m. 2018)​
Names
Henry Charles Albert David[fn 1]
HouseWindsor
FatherCharles, Prince of Wales
MotherLady Diana Spencer
Military career
Allegiance United Kingdom
Service / branch British Army
Years of service2005–15 (active service)
RankSee list
Service numberArmy - 564673
UnitBlues and Royals
662 Squadron, 3 Regiment, Army Air Corps
Battles / warsWar in Afghanistan
Royal family of
the United Kingdom and the
other Commonwealth realms
Badge of the House of Windsor

Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, KCVO (Henry Charles Albert David[fn 1]; born 15 September 1984[1]) is a member of the British royal family. He is the younger son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales, and is sixth in the line of succession to the British throne. He was officially styled Prince Henry of Wales from birth until his marriage, but is known as Prince Harry.[fn 2]

Harry was educated at schools in the United Kingdom and spent parts of his gap year in Australia and Lesotho. He then underwent officer training at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He was commissioned as a cornet (i.e. second lieutenant) into the Blues and Royals, serving temporarily with his brother, Prince William, and completed his training as a troop leader. In 2007–08, he served for over ten weeks in Helmand, Afghanistan, but was pulled out after an Australian magazine revealed his presence there. He returned to Afghanistan for a 20-week deployment in 2012–13 with the Army Air Corps. He left the army in June 2015.

Harry launched the Invictus Games in 2014 and remains patron of its Foundation. He also gives patronage to several other organisations, including the HALO Trust, the London Marathon Charitable Trust, and Walking With The Wounded.[2] On 19 May 2018, he married the American actress Meghan Markle. Hours before the wedding, his grandmother Queen Elizabeth II conferred on him the title Duke of Sussex.

Early life

File:Queen Elizabeth, Prince Philip, and grandchildren (11440082454) (cropped1).jpg
Harry (seated) on a 1987 Christmas card with his grandparents, brother, and cousins Peter and Zara Phillips

Harry was born in the Lindo Wing of St Mary's Hospital in Paddington, London, on 15 September 1984 at 4:20 pm as the second child of Charles, Prince of Wales, heir apparent to Queen Elizabeth II, and Diana, Princess of Wales.[3][4][fn 3] He was baptised with the names Henry Charles Albert David, on 21 December 1984, at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, Robert Runcie. His godparents are Prince Andrew (his paternal uncle); Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones (his paternal cousin once removed); Carolyn Bartholomew (née Pride); Bryan Organ; Gerald Ward (former officer in the Household Cavalry); and Celia, Lady Vestey (née Knight).[7][8]

His parents announced that their second son's name would officially be Prince Henry Charles Albert David, but that he would be known as just Harry to his family and friends. As the prince grew up, he was referred to by Kensington Palace, and therefore the Press, and the public at large, as Prince Harry.[9] As a son of the Prince of Wales, he was called Prince Henry of Wales. Diana wanted Harry and his older brother, William, to have a broader range of experiences than previous royal children and took them to venues that ranged from Disney World and McDonald's to AIDS clinics and shelters for the homeless.[10] Harry began to accompany his parents on official visits at an early age; his first overseas tour was with his parents to Italy in 1985.[11]

Harry's parents divorced in 1996, and his mother died in a car crash in Paris the following year. Harry and William were staying with their father at Balmoral at the time, and the Prince of Wales told his sons about their mother's death.[12] At his mother's funeral, Harry, then 12, accompanied his father, brother, paternal grandfather, and maternal uncle, Earl Spencer, in walking behind the funeral cortège from Kensington Palace to Westminster Abbey.[13] In a 2017 interview with The Daily Telegraph, the prince acknowledged that he sought counselling after two years of "total chaos" while struggling to come to terms with the death of his mother.[14]

Education

Like his father and brother, Harry was educated at independent schools. He started at Jane Mynors' nursery school and the pre-preparatory Wetherby School, both in London.[15] Following this, he attended Ludgrove School, and, after passing the entrance exams, was admitted to Eton College. The decision to place Harry at Eton went against the Windsor family convention of sending children to Gordonstoun (Harry's grandfather, father, two uncles, and two cousins all attended); it did, however, see Harry follow in the Spencer family footsteps, as both Diana's father and brother attended Eton.[10]

In June 2003, Harry completed his education at Eton with two A-Levels,[16] achieving a grade B in art and D in geography, having decided to drop history of art after AS level.[17] He excelled in sports, particularly polo and rugby union.[18] One of Harry's former teachers, Sarah Forsyth, has asserted that Harry was a "weak student" and that staff at Eton conspired to help Harry cheat on examinations.[19][20] Both Eton and Harry denied the claims.[19][20] While a tribunal made no ruling on the cheating claim, it "accepted the prince had received help in preparing his A-level 'expressive' project, which he needed to pass to secure his place at Sandhurst".[20][21]

After school, Harry took a gap year, during which he spent time in Australia, working (as his father had done in his youth) on a cattle station and participating in the Young England vs Young Australia Polo Test match.[22] He also travelled to Lesotho, where he worked with orphaned children and produced the documentary film The Forgotten Kingdom.[10]

Military career

Sandhurst; Blues and Royals; deployment to Afghanistan

Officer Cadet Wales (standing to attention next to the horse) on parade at Sandhurst, 21 June 2005

Harry entered the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst on 8 May 2005, where he was known as Officer Cadet Wales, and joined the Alamein Company.[23] In April 2006, Harry completed his officer training and was commissioned as a Cornet (second lieutenant) in the Blues and Royals, a regiment of the Household Cavalry in the British Army. On 13 April 2008, when he reached two years' seniority, Harry was promoted to lieutenant.[24]

In 2006 it was announced that Harry's unit was scheduled to be deployed in Iraq the following year and a public debate ensued as to whether he should serve there. Defence Secretary John Reid said that he should be allowed to serve on the front line of battle zones. Harry agreed saying, "If they said 'no, you can't go front line' then I wouldn't drag my sorry ass through Sandhurst and I wouldn't be where I am now".[25] The Ministry of Defence and Clarence House made a joint announcement on 22 February 2007 that Harry would be deployed with his regiment to Iraq, as part of the 1st Mechanised Brigade of the 3rd Mechanised Division – a move supported by Harry, who had stated that he would leave the army if he was told to remain in safety while his regiment went to war.[26] He said: "There's no way I'm going to put myself through Sandhurst and then sit on my arse back home while my boys are out fighting for their country."[27]

The head of the British army at the time, General Sir Richard Dannatt, said on 30 April 2007 that he had personally decided that Harry would serve with his unit in Iraq,[28] and Harry was scheduled for deployment in May or June 2007, to patrol the Maysan Governorate.[29] By 16 May, however, Dannatt announced that Harry would not serve in Iraq;[30] concerns included Harry being a high-value target (as several threats by various groups had already been made against him) and the dangers the soldiers around him would face should any attempt be made on his life or if he was captured. Clarence House made public Harry's disappointment with the decision, though he said he would abide by it.[31]

It was reported in early June 2007 that Harry had arrived in Canada to train alongside soldiers of the Canadian Forces and British Army, at CFB Suffield, near Medicine Hat, Alberta. It was said that this was in preparation for a tour of duty in Afghanistan, where Canadian and British forces were participating in the NATO-led Afghan War.[32]

This was confirmed in February the following year, when the British Ministry of Defence revealed that Harry had been secretly deployed as a Forward Air Controller to Helmand Province in Afghanistan for the previous ten weeks.[33][34] The revelation came after the media – notably, German newspaper Bild and Australian magazine New Idea[35][36] – breached the blackout placed over the information by the Canadian and British authorities.[37]

It was later reported that, while in Afghanistan, Harry helped Gurkha troops repel an attack from Taliban insurgents,[38] and performed patrol duty in hostile areas.[39][40][41]

His tour made Harry the first member of the Royal Family to serve in a war zone since his uncle, Prince Andrew, flew helicopters during the Falklands War. For his service, Harry was presented with an Operational Service Medal for Afghanistan by his aunt, Princess Anne, at the Combermere Barracks in May 2008.[42]

Army Air Corps and second deployment to Afghanistan

In October 2008, it was announced that Harry was to follow his brother, father and uncle in learning to fly military helicopters. After passing the initial aptitude test, he was to undertake a month-long course; if he passed that, he would begin full flight training in early 2009.[43]

Harry had to pass his flying assessment at the Army Air Corps Base (AAC), Middle Wallop, the result of which would determine whether he would continue on to train as a pilot of the Apache, Lynx, or Gazelle helicopter.[44] Having reached the requisite standard, Harry attended the Defence Helicopter Flying School at RAF Shawbury, where he joined his brother.[45]

Harry (left) talking to an injured soldier at the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, 15 May 2013

He was presented with his flying brevet (wings) by his father on 7 May 2010 at a ceremony at the Army Air Corps Base (AAC), Middle Wallop. Harry had let it be known that he intended to fly Apache attack helicopters if he was successful in passing the rigorous Apache training course, after which time it could be possible for him to see active military service once again on the frontline in Afghanistan.[46]

On 10 March 2011, it was revealed that Harry had passed his Apache flying test and he was awarded his Apache Flying Badge on 14 April 2011.[47] There was speculation that he would return to Afghanistan before the withdrawal in 2015. On 16 April 2011, it was announced that Harry had been promoted to captain.[48]

In June 2011, Clarence House announced that on completion of his training conversion course to use Apache helicopters in the war arena, Harry would be available for deployment, including in current operations in Afghanistan, as an Apache helicopter pilot. The final decision rested with the Ministry of Defence's senior commanders, including principally the Chief of the Defence Staff in consultation with the wishes of Harry, the Prince of Wales, and the Queen.[49] In October, he was transferred to a US military base in California to complete his helicopter gunship training. This final phase included live-fire training and "environmental and judgment training" at naval and air force facilities in California and Arizona. The majority of those completing the two-month Apache training were deployed to the front lines in Afghanistan.[50] In the same month, it was reported that Harry was said to be a natural pilot who was top of his class in the extensive training he had undertaken at the Naval Air Facility, El Centro, California.[51] In November 2011, Harry returned to England. He went to Wattisham Airfield in Suffolk, in the east of England, to complete his training to fly Apache helicopters.[52]

On 7 September 2012, Harry arrived at Camp Bastion in southern Afghanistan as part of the 100-strong 662 Squadron, 3 Regiment, Army Air Corps,[53] to begin a four-month combat tour as a co-pilot and gunner for an Apache helicopter.[54] On 10 September, within days of arriving in Afghanistan, it was reported that the Taliban threatened his life. Taliban spokesman Zabiullah Mujahid spoke to Reuters and was quoted as saying: "We are using all our strength to get rid of him, either by killing or kidnapping" and "We have informed our commanders in Helmand to do whatever they can to eliminate him".[55][56]

It was announced on 21 January 2013 that Harry was returning from a 20-week deployment in Afghanistan,[57] where he served as an Apache co-pilot/gunner. On 8 July 2013, the Ministry of Defence announced that Harry had successfully qualified as an Apache aircraft commander.[58] Harry compared operating the Apache's weapons systems in Afghanistan to playing video games.[59][60]

HQ London District and Invictus Games

On 17 January 2014, the Ministry of Defence announced that Harry had completed his attachment to 3 Regiment Army Air Corps, and would take up a staff officer role, SO3 (Defence Engagement) in HQ London District. His responsibilities would include helping to co-ordinate significant projects and commemorative events involving the Army in London. He was based at Horse Guards in central London.[61]

On 6 March 2014, Harry launched Invictus Games, a Paralympic-style sporting event for injured servicemen and women, which was held on 10–14 September 2014.[62] Harry met British hopefuls for the Invictus Games at Tedworth House in Wiltshire for the start of the selection process on 29 April 2014.[63] On 15 May 2014, Harry attended a ticket sale launch for Invictus Games at BT Tower, where he made a public tweet on the Invictus Games' official Twitter account as the president of Invictus Games.[64] To promote the Games, Harry was interviewed by BBC Radio 2's Chris Evans along with two Invictus Games hopefuls. He said: "This (Invictus Games) is basically my full-time job at the moment, making sure that we pull this off." The show aired on 31 July 2014.[65] Harry later wrote an article in The Sunday Times about his experiences in Afghanistan: how they had inspired him to help injured personnel and how, after the trip to the Warrior Games, he had vowed to create the Invictus Games.[66] Harry and officials attended the British Armed Forces Team announcement for Invictus Games at Potters Field Park in August 2014,[67][68] and as president of the Invictus Games, Harry attended all events related to the Games from 8 to 14 September 2014.[69]

In January 2015, it was reported that Harry would take a new role in supporting wounded service personnel by working alongside members of the London District's Personal Recovery Unit for the MOD's Defence Recovery Capability scheme to ensure that wounded personnel have adequate recovery plans. The scheme was established in partnership with Help for Heroes and the Royal British Legion,[70][71] the palace confirmed weeks later.[72]

In late January 2015, Harry visited The Battle Back Centre[73] set up by the Royal British Legion, and Fisher House UK at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, which was created in the partnership between Help for Heroes, the Fisher House Foundation and the Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham (QEHB) Charity.[74] Fisher House Foundation is one of the Invictus Games' sponsors.[75]

In February and March 2015, Harry visited Phoenix House in Catterick Garrison, North Yorkshire, a recovery centre run by Help for Heroes, and Merville Barracks in Colchester, where Chavasse VC House Personnel Recovery Centre is located, run by Help for Heroes in partnership with the Ministry of Defence and Royal British Legion.[76]

Secondment to Australian Defence Force and end of active service

In New South Wales, May 2015

On 17 March 2015, Kensington Palace announced that Harry would leave the Armed Forces in June.[77] Before then, he would spend four weeks throughout April and May at army barracks in Darwin, Perth and Sydney whilst seconded to the Australian Defence Force (ADF). After leaving the Army, while considering his future, he would return to work with the Ministry of Defence, supporting Case Officers in the Ministry of Defence's Recovery Capability Programme, working with both those who administer and receive physical and mental care within the London District area in a voluntary capacity.[78][79]

On 6 April 2015, Harry reported for duty to Australia's Chief of the Defence Force, Air Chief Marshal Mark Binskin at the Royal Military College, Duntroon in Canberra, Australia.[80] Harry flew to Darwin later that day to start his month-long secondment to the ADF's 1st Brigade. His visit included detachments to NORFORCE as well as to an aviation unit.[81] While in Perth, he trained with Special Air Service Regiment (SASR), participating in the SASR selection course, including a fitness test and a physical training session with SASR selection candidates. He also joined SASR members in Perth for live-fire shooting exercises with numerous Special Forces weapons at a variety of ranges and completed an insertion training exercise using a rigid-hull inflatable boat. In Sydney, he undertook urban operations training with the 2nd Commando Regiment. Training activities included remotely detonating an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) and rappelling from a building. He also spent time flying over Sydney as co-pilot of an Army Black Hawk and participated in counter-terrorism training in Sydney Harbour with Royal Australian Navy clearance divers.[82]

Harry's attachment with the ADF ended on 8 May 2015,[83] and on 19 June 2015 he resigned his short service commission.[84][85]

Post active service

Since leaving active service with the army, Harry has been closely involved with the armed forces through the Invictus Games, honorary military appointments and other official engagements. On 19 December 2017 he succeeded his grandfather Prince Philip as the Captain General of the Royal Marines.[86] In May 2018, he was promoted to the substantive ranks of Lieutenant Commander of the Royal Navy, Major of the British Army and Squadron Leader of the Royal Air Force.

Other activities

At the press launch for Walking With The Wounded, 1 March 2010

At the age of 21, Harry was appointed a Counsellor of State and began his duties in that capacity. In 2006, he was in Lesotho to visit Mants'ase Children's Home near Mohale's Hoek, which he first toured in 2004 and, along with Prince Seeiso of Lesotho, he launched Sentebale: The Princes' Fund for Lesotho, a charity to aid children orphaned by HIV/AIDS. He has granted his patronage to organisations including WellChild, Dolen Cymru, and MapAction.[87]

Sport has been a way that Harry has helped charities and other organisations, including training as a Rugby Development Officer for the Rugby Football Union in 2004 and coaching students in schools to encourage them to learn the sport. Like his brother and father, he has participated in polo matches to raise money for charitable causes.[22][88]

On 6 January 2009, the Queen granted Harry and William their own royal household. Previously, William and Harry's affairs had been handled by the office of their father at Clarence House in central London. The new household released a statement announcing that they had established their own office at nearby St James's Palace to look after their public, military and charitable activities.[89] In September 2009, William and Harry set up The Foundation of Prince William and Prince Harry to enable the princes to take forward their charitable ambitions.[90][91][92]

In March 2012, Harry led an official visit to Belize as part of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee celebrations.[93] He continued to the Bahamas and Jamaica, where the Prime Minister, Portia Simpson-Miller, was considering severing ties between Jamaica and the constitutional monarchy.[94] He then visited Brazil to attend the GREAT Campaign.[95]

At Trooping the Colour, June 2013

Between 9 and 15 May 2013, he made an official visit to the United States. The tour promoted the rehabilitation of injured American and UK troops, publicised his own charities and supported British interests. It included engagements in Washington DC, Colorado, New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut. He met survivors of Hurricane Sandy in New Jersey.[96][97] In August 2013, he visited Angola to see HALO Trust's work there as patron of the trust's 25th Anniversary Appeal.[98] In October 2013, he visited Australia for his first official visit to the country and attended the International Fleet Review at Sydney Harbour.[99] He also paid a visit to the Australian SAS HQ in Perth.[100] On his way back to the UK, he attended a charity event for Sentebale at Dubai.[101]

In May 2014, he visited Estonia and Italy. In Estonia, he visited Freedom Square in the capital Tallinn to honour those who paid the ultimate sacrifice for their nation, and attended a reception at the Estonian Parliament[102] and a NATO military exercise.[103] In Italy, he attended commemorations of the 70th anniversary of the Monte Cassino battles, in which Polish, Commonwealth and British troops fought.[104][105] In June 2014, he visited Brazil and Chile.[106]

In August 2014, he flew to Belgium, where he met families of WWI soldiers in a reception before reading a letter from a fallen soldier in a twilight service at St Symphorien Military Cemetery in Mons.[107] On 6 November 2014, he opened the Field of Remembrance at Westminster Abbey,[108] a task usually performed by Prince Philip.[109]

Before reporting for duty to the Australian Defence Force (ADF), Harry visited the Australian War Memorial in Canberra on 6 April 2015.[80] On 7 May 2015, he made a farewell walkabout at the Sydney Opera House and visited Macquarie University Hospital.[110][111] On 24–25 April 2015, he joined his father in Turkey to attend commemorations of the centenary of the Gallipoli Campaign.[112] Harry made an official visit to New Zealand in May 2015, touring Wellington, Invercargill, Stewart Island, Christchurch, Linton, Whanganui, and Auckland.[113][114] As patron of Walk of Britain, he walked with the team on 30 September[115] and 20 October 2015.[116] On 28 October 2015, he carried out one day of engagements in the US. He launched the Invictus Games Orlando 2016 with First Lady Michelle Obama and Dr. Jill Biden at Fort Belvoir.[117] He later attended an Invictus Games 2016 Board Meeting and a Reception to celebrate the launch at the British Ambassador's Residence.[118]

On 26 November 2015, as patron of Sentebale, Harry travelled to Lesotho to attend the opening of the Mamohato Children's Centre.[119] Two days later Harry played the Sentebale Royal Salute Polo Cup, at Val de Vie Estate in Cape Town, South Africa, fundraising for Sentebale.[120] From 30 November to 3 December 2015, he made an official visit to South Africa.[121] He visited Cape Town, where presented the Order of the Companions of Honour to the Archbishop on behalf of the Queen.[122]

Prince Harry discusses the topic of post-traumatic stress during the 2016 Invictus Games Symposium on Invisible Wounds with former U.S. president George W. Bush, two veterans, and moderator Jeremy Schaap.

He visited Nepal 19–23 March 2016.[123] He stayed until the end of March 2016 to help rebuild a secondary school with Team Rubicon UK and visited a Hydropower Project in Central Nepal.[124]

As patron of Invictus Games Foundation, he attended a day of engagements to launch the Invictus Games 2017 in Toronto on 2 May 2016, and also met with Prime Minister Justin Trudeau.[125] Prior the Games, on 4 May 2016, Harry played in the Sentebale Royal Salute Polo Cup at Valiente Polo Farm to raise funds for his charity Sentebale.[126] From 30 June to 1 July 2016, he, along with the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, attended the Battle of the Somme centenary commemorations at the Thiepval Memorial in France.[127]

To raise awareness for HIV testing, Harry took a test live on the royal family Facebook page on 14 July 2016.[128] He later attended the 21st International AIDS Conference in Durban, South Africa, on 21 July 2016.[129] From 20 November to 4 December 2016, he visited the Caribbean on behalf of the Queen and the Foreign Office. The countries included Antigua and Barbuda, St Kitts and Nevis, St Lucia, St Vincent and the Grenadines, Grenada, Barbados and Guyana.[130] On World Aids Day, Harry and Rihanna helped publicise HIV testing by taking the test themselves.[131]

On 27 December 2017, Harry was officially appointed the new President of African Parks, a conservation NGO.[132] He previously spent three weeks in Malawi with African Parks where he joined a team of volunteers and professionals to carry out one of the largest elephant translocations in history. The effort to repopulate decimated areas due to poaching and habitat loss moved 500 elephants from Liwonde and Majete National Parks to Nkhotakota Wildlife Reserve.[133]

In April 2018, he was appointed Commonwealth youth ambassador his highest-profile public role to date.[134] Later that year, Harry became a patron of Walk of America, a campaign which brings together a number of veterans to start up a 1,000-mile expedition across the US in summer 2018.[135][136] In April 2018, the Prince was appointed the president of the Queen's Commonwealth Trust, which focuses on projects involving children and welfare of prisoners.[137] In 2018, Harry was selected as one of the "100 Most Influential People in the World" by Time magazine.[138]

In June 2018, Harry made a "private visit" to Sentebale, which was set up to honour his mother.[139] In July 2018, the Elton John AIDS Foundation announced that the Duke of Sussex and British singer Elton John were about to launch a global coalition that would focus "on treating HIV infections in men".[140]

Personal life

Harry (right) talking to an opponent during a volleyball competition between American and British injured soldiers, 13 May 2013

Harry enjoys playing many sports, including competitive polo, skiing, and motocross.[22] He is a supporter of Arsenal Football Club.[141] Harry is also a keen Rugby Union fan and supported England's bid to host the 2015 Rugby World Cup.[142]

Harry earned a reputation in his youth for being rebellious, leading the tabloid press to label him a "wild child".[143] He was seen at age 17 smoking cannabis and partaking in underage drinking with his friends, clashing physically with paparazzi outside nightclubs,[143] and was photographed at Highgrove House at a "Colonial and Native" themed costume party wearing a Nazi German Afrika Korps uniform with a swastika armband.[144] He later issued a public statement apologising for his behaviour.[145]

In January 2009, the British tabloid, the News of the World, revealed a video made by Harry three years earlier in which he referred to a Pakistani fellow officer cadet as "our little Paki friend" and called a soldier wearing a cloth on his head a "raghead". These terms were described by then-Leader of the Opposition David Cameron as "unacceptable",[146] and by The Daily Telegraph as "racist",[146] with a British Muslim youth organisation calling Harry a "thug".[147] Clarence House immediately issued an apology from Harry, who stated that no malice was intended in his remarks.[148] Former British MP and Royal Marine, Rod Richards, said that such nicknames were common amongst military comrades, stating "in the Armed Forces people often used to call me Taffy. Others were called Yankie, Oz or Kiwi or whatever. I consider Paki as an abbreviation for Pakistani. I don't think on this occasion it was intended to be offensive."[149]

While on holiday in Las Vegas in August 2012, Harry and an unknown young woman were photographed naked in a Wynn Las Vegas hotel room, reportedly during a game of strip billiards. The pictures were leaked by American celebrity website TMZ on 21 August 2012,[150] and reported worldwide by mainstream media on 22 August 2012.[151][152][153] The photographs were shown by the American media but British media were reluctant to publish them[154] – royal aides suggested that Clarence House would contact the Press Complaints Commission (PCC) if the pictures were used by British publications.[155] St James's Palace confirmed that Harry was in the photographs, saying that he was essentially a victim whose privacy had been invaded, and contacted the Press Complaints Commission upon hearing that a number of British newspapers were considering publishing the photographs.[156] On 24 August 2012, The Sun newspaper published the photographs.[157]

Polls conducted in the United Kingdom in November 2012 showed Harry to be the third-most popular member of the royal family, after William and the Queen.[158]

Courtship and marriage

Bachelorhood

Chelsy Davy, the daughter of Zimbabwean, South Africa-based businessman Charles Davy, was referred to as Harry's girlfriend in an interview conducted for his 21st birthday, and Harry said he "would love to tell everyone how amazing she is but once I start talking about that, I have left myself open… There is truth and there is lies and unfortunately I cannot get the truth across."[159] Davy was present when Harry received his Operational Service Medal for Afghanistan[42] and also attended Prince Harry's graduation ceremony when he received his flying wings from his father.[46] In early 2009, it was reported that the pair had parted ways after knowing each other for five years.[160]

In May 2012, Harry was introduced to Cressida Bonas, granddaughter of Edward Curzon, 6th Earl Howe, by his cousin Princess Eugenie.[161] On 30 April 2014, it was reported that the couple had parted amicably.[162]

Engagement and marriage

Further information: Wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle
Harry and Meghan going to church in 2017

On 8 November 2016, Kensington Palace confirmed that Harry was "a few months" into a relationship with American actress Meghan Markle, in a statement from the prince asking for the "abuse and harassment" of Markle and her family to end.[163] In September 2017, they made their first public appearance together, at an official royal engagement at the opening ceremonies of the Invictus Games in Toronto.[164][165]

On 27 November 2017, Clarence House and Kensington Palace both announced that Harry and Markle were engaged.[166] The engagement ring was made by Cleave & Co and consists of three diamonds, two of which were taken from the jewelry collection of his mother, Diana, Princess of Wales;[167] the large central stone was sourced by Harry in Botswana, a place the couple have spent time together.[168] In the couple's engagement interview, Meghan revealed they were having a quiet night at home, 'roasting chicken', when the Prince got down on one knee.[169]

The engagement announcement prompted much comment about the possible social significance of Meghan Markle becoming a mixed-race[170] royal.[171][172][173][174] The couple were married at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on 19 May 2018.[175][176] After the wedding, the couple live at Nottingham Cottage in London, in the grounds of Kensington Palace.[177][178]

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Monogram

Titles and styles

  • 1984–2018: His Royal Highness Prince Henry of Wales
  • 2018–present: His Royal Highness The Duke of Sussex

In addition to the Dukedom, the titles Earl of Dumbarton and Baron Kilkeel were also conferred on him on the morning of his wedding.[179] He is familiarly known as Prince Harry.[fn 2]

Before his marriage, Harry used Wales as his surname for military purposes and was known as Captain Harry Wales in such contexts.[180]

On 4 June 2015, as part of the 2015 Special Honours, Harry was knighted by his grandmother, the Queen, for "services to the sovereign", being appointed a Knight Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (KCVO).[181]

Military ranks

 United Kingdom

Honours

See also: List of honours of the British Royal Family by country
Orders
Medals
The prince wearing his medals, 2013




Foreign honours

Appointments

Fellowships

Honorary military appointments

Canada Canada
United Kingdom United Kingdom

Humanitarian awards

Harry has twice had his charitable efforts recognised by the international community. In December 2010, the German charity Ein Herz für Kinder ("A Heart for Children") awarded him the Golden Heart Award, in recognition of his "charitable and humanitarian efforts".[194][195] On 7 May 2012, the Atlantic Council awarded him its Distinguished Humanitarian Leadership Award.[196]

Arms

Coat of arms of Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex
Notes
On his 18th birthday, Harry was granted his own personal coat of arms, consisting of the Arms of the Sovereign in right of the United Kingdom with a Label for difference.[197][198]
Adopted
15 September 2002
Crest
On a Coronet of Crosses and Fleurs-de-lys a Lion statant guardant Or, crowned with a like Coronet and differenced by a Label as in the Arms.
Escutcheon
The Royal Arms differenced by a Label of five points Argent, the first, third and fifth points charged with an Escallop Gules.
Supporters
As with the Royal Arms differenced by a like Coronet and Label.
Orders
the circlet of the Royal Victorian Order
Banner
The Royal Standard of the United Kingdom labelled for difference as in his arms. (In Scotland: )
Symbolism
As he is the grandchild of the sovereign, Harry's coat of arms displays a label of five points.[197] The escallops (seashells) allude to his mother Diana, Princess of Wales,[197] whose Spencer coat of arms includes three Escallops Argent.

Ancestry

Harry is a male line descendant of Elimar I, Count of Oldenburg, and a member of the House of Oldenburg, one of Europe's oldest royal houses; the cadet branch to which he belongs, known as the House of Glücksburg, was founded by his paternal ancestor Friedrich Wilhelm, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg. Harry's paternal grandmother, Queen Elizabeth II, issued letters patent on 8 February 1960 declaring his father to be a member of the House of Windsor. His male line ancestors include eleven Counts of Oldenburg, two dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, five dukes of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Beck, a duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, four Danish kings – Christian I, Frederick I, Christian III, Christian IX – and King George I of Greece.[199]

Ancestors on Harry's father's side include most of the royal families of Europe,[199] and on his mother's side, the Earls Spencer.[200]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Harry does not normally use a surname, such as Mountbatten-Windsor. In his military career, he used the surname Wales.
  2. ^ a b Harry is a common diminutive form for Henry.
  3. ^ Rumours that Harry is the son of James Hewitt, with whom his mother had an affair, are denied by Hewitt and one of Diana's police bodyguards, Ken Wharfe.[5][6] Hewitt said, "There really is no possibility whatsoever that I am Harry's father. I can absolutely assure you that I am not. Admittedly the red hair is similar to mine and people say we look alike. I have never encouraged these comparisons and although I was with Diana for a long time I must state once and for all that I'm not Harry's father. When I met Diana, he was already a toddler."[5][6] Wharfe said, "The malicious rumours that still persist about the paternity of Prince Harry used to anger Diana greatly. The nonsense should be scotched here and now. Harry was born on 15 September 1984. Diana did not meet James until the summer of 1986."[5][6]

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Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex
Born: 15 September 1984
Lines of succession
Preceded by Succession to the British throne
6th in line 		Followed by
Peerage of the United Kingdom
Vacant
1st creation extinct in 1843
Title last held by
Prince Augustus Frederick 		Duke of Sussex
2nd creation
2018–present 		Incumbent
Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom
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