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===Ethnicity===
===Ethnicity===
In the 2001, 81% of people identified themselves as "White", 5.9% as "[[India]]n" or "[[Pakistan]]i", 2.3% as "Black [[Caribbean]]" and 1.4% as "Black African".<ref name=stats-gov-manc>[http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/profiles/00BN-A.asp Manchester], www.statistics.gov.uk, National Statistics. URL accessed October 25, 2006.</ref> South Manchester's [[Moss Side]], [[Longsight]], [[Rusholme]], and [[Whalley Range]] are particularly noted for their diverse ethnic population. It has been estimated that over 30% of Mancunians are of Irish ancestry{{Fact|date=March 2007}}.
In 2001, 80% of people identified themselves as "White british", 9% Asian or Asian British, 5% Black or Black British, 3% Mixed Race and 2% Chinese or other ethnic group.<ref>[http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=3&b=276778&c=manchester&d=13&e=16&g=351271&i=1001x1003x1004&m=0&enc=1&dsFamilyId=890] Manchester ethnic groups- percentages</ref>. However correct these statistics are for the year 2001, it is now estimated that Manchester's population has made a significant growth and white british now make up 75% of the poulation compared to 80% in 2001. [[Moss Side]], [[Longsight]], [[Cheetham Hill]], [[Rusholme]], and [[Whalley Range]], but to name a few are particularly noted for their diverse ethnic population. It has been estimated that over 30% of Manchesters caucasian/white community are of Irish ancestry{{Fact|date=March 2007}}.


Manchester's [[St Patrick's Day ]] parade is one of the world's largest {{Fact|date=June 2007}}. Also, Manchester's Palace Hotel hosted the 2007 Lloyds TSB’s Northern Jewel Awards, where leaders of the [[Asia]]n community in the North of the UK were recognized.<ref>[http://www.theasiannews.co.uk/news/s/226/226490_nominees_unveiled_for_northern_asian_jewel_awards.html?rss=yes Nominees unveiled for northern Asian Jewel Awards], [[Asia News Network]]. URL accessed April 13, 2007.</ref>
Manchester's [[St Patrick's Day ]] parade is one of the world's largest {{Fact|date=June 2007}}. Also, Manchester's Palace Hotel hosted the 2007 Lloyds TSB’s Northern Jewel Awards, where leaders of the [[Asia]]n community in the North of the UK were recognized.<ref>[http://www.theasiannews.co.uk/news/s/226/226490_nominees_unveiled_for_northern_asian_jewel_awards.html?rss=yes Nominees unveiled for northern Asian Jewel Awards], [[Asia News Network]]. URL accessed April 13, 2007.</ref>

Revision as of 19:42, 18 June 2007

Template:Two other uses

City of Manchester
File:ManchesterCore.PNG
Manchester City Centre

Shown within England
Geography
Status Metropolitan borough, City (1853)
Ceremonial county Greater Manchester
Historic county Lancashire
(some parts from Cheshire)
Region North West England
Constituent country England
Sovereign state United Kingdom
Area
- Total 		Ranked 228th

115.65 km²
Admin HQ Manchester
(Manchester Town Hall)
ISO 3166-2 GB-MAN
ONS code 00BN
OS grid reference SJ838980
Coordinates 53°28'43.23"N 2°14'36.14"W
NUTS 3 UKD31
Demographics
Population:
Total (2022)
Density 		Ranked

/ km²
Ethnicity
(2001 census) 		81.0% White
9.1% S. Asian
4.5% Afro-Carib.
1.3% Chinese
Politics
Arms of the City of Manchester Council
Manchester City Council
http://www.manchester.gov.uk/
Leadership Leader & Cabinet
Control  

Manchester (pronounced /ˈmæntʃɛstə/) is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England. Manchester, which has had city status since 1853, has a population of 441,200, making it the most populous district of Greater Manchester.[1] Manchester also forms part of the larger Greater Manchester Urban Area which has a population of 2,240,230,[2] making it the United Kingdom's third largest conurbation. Manchester is considered by people in Britain to be the United Kingdom's second city[3][4][5][6].

Manchester is often described as the "Capital of the North".[7][8] Forming part of the English Core Cities Group, Manchester today is a centre of the arts, the media, higher education and commerce. Manchester is also regarded as the second best place to locate a business in the UK after London.[9] It is the third most visited city in the United Kingdom by foreign visitors, after London and Edinburgh.[10] Manchester is also well known for its sporting connections, with two major Premier League football teams, Manchester United and Manchester City,[11] and hosted the XVII Commonwealth Games in 2002.

Manchester is credited as the world's first industrialised city[12][13][14][15][16] and for the subsequent central role it played during the Industrial Revolution. It was the dominant international centre of textile manufacture and cotton spinning.[17] During the 19th century it was nicknamed Cottonopolis,[18] denoting that the area was a metropolis of cotton mills. Manchester City Centre is now on a "tentative list" of UNESCO World Heritage Sites, mainly due to its network of canals and mills, which facilitated its development during the 19th century.[19]

Geography and administration

Physical geography

Manchester lies in a bowl-shaped land area bordered to the north and east by the Pennine hills, a mountain chain that runs the length of the Northern England and to the south by the Cheshire Plain. The city centre is on the east bank of the River Irwell, near the confluence of the River Medlock and the River Irk and is relatively low-lying, being between 35 and 42 metres (115 to 138 ft) above sea level. The River Mersey flows through the south of Manchester. Much of the inner city, especially in the south, is flat, offering extensive views from many highrise buildings in the city of the foothills and moors of the Pennines, which can often be capped with snow in the winter months. Surrounded by the Pennines to the north, east and south east means it is very easy to access the Peak District national park, only 21 km (13 miles) from the city centre. Manchester's geographic features were highly influential in its early development as the world's first industrial city. These features are its climate, its proximity to a seaport at Liverpool, the availability of water power from its rivers, and its nearby coal reserves.


Climate

Whilst Manchester has a relatively damp climate it has an undeserved reputation as a rainy city. The average annual rainfall is 809 mm, (902 mm from some sources)[20] [21]. For example, this total is less than that of Plymouth or Cardiff. In international terms, Manchester receives substantially less rain than New York City, which receives 1200 mm of rain in an average year (although New York has fewer cloudy days per year), and its average annual rainfall total is comparable with that of Rome. The precipitation is, however, regularly light and prolonged, so a small volume of rain may take an hour to fall in Manchester, compared to several minutes of heavy rain in Rome. Manchester also has a relatively high humidity level, which lent itself to the optimised and breakage-free textile manufacturing which took place in there. Snowfall is not a common sight in the city, due to urban warming. The Pennines that surround the city receive large amounts of snow in the winter months and many roads leading out of the city can be closed due to snow [citation needed], including the A62 road via Oldham and Standedge, Snake Pass the A57 towards Sheffield, and the M62 over Saddleworth Moor.

Climate data for Manchester (MAN), 69 m (226 ft) amsl, 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1958–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 14.3
(57.7) 		19.0
(66.2) 		21.7
(71.1) 		25.1
(77.2) 		26.7
(80.1) 		31.3
(88.3) 		37.0
(98.6) 		33.7
(92.7) 		28.4
(83.1) 		27.0
(80.6) 		17.7
(63.9) 		15.1
(59.2) 		37.0
(98.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.3
(45.1) 		7.6
(45.7) 		10.0
(50.0) 		12.6
(54.7) 		16.1
(61.0) 		18.6
(65.5) 		20.6
(69.1) 		20.3
(68.5) 		17.6
(63.7) 		13.9
(57.0) 		10.0
(50.0) 		7.4
(45.3) 		13.5
(56.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.5
(40.1) 		4.6
(40.3) 		6.7
(44.1) 		8.8
(47.8) 		11.9
(53.4) 		14.6
(58.3) 		16.6
(61.9) 		16.4
(61.5) 		14.0
(57.2) 		10.7
(51.3) 		7.1
(44.8) 		4.6
(40.3) 		10.0
(50.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.7
(35.1) 		1.6
(34.9) 		3.3
(37.9) 		4.9
(40.8) 		7.7
(45.9) 		10.5
(50.9) 		12.6
(54.7) 		12.4
(54.3) 		10.3
(50.5) 		7.4
(45.3) 		4.2
(39.6) 		1.8
(35.2) 		6.6
(43.9)
Record low °C (°F) −15.0
(5.0) 		−13.1
(8.4) 		−9.7
(14.5) 		−4.9
(23.2) 		−1.7
(28.9) 		0.8
(33.4) 		5.4
(41.7) 		3.6
(38.5) 		0.0
(32.0) 		−4.7
(23.5) 		−10.0
(14.0) 		−14.0
(6.8) 		−15.0
(5.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 72.3
(2.85) 		51.4
(2.02) 		61.2
(2.41) 		54.0
(2.13) 		56.8
(2.24) 		66.1
(2.60) 		63.9
(2.52) 		77.0
(3.03) 		71.5
(2.81) 		92.5
(3.64) 		81.5
(3.21) 		80.7
(3.18) 		828.8
(32.63)
Average snowfall mm (inches) 24
(0.9) 		19
(0.7) 		10
(0.4) 		1
(0.0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		0
(0) 		2
(0.1) 		15
(0.6) 		71
(2.7)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 13.1 9.7 12.3 11.2 10.4 11.1 10.9 12.0 11.1 13.6 14.1 13.5 142.9
Average snowy days 6 5 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 20
Average relative humidity (%) 83 81 77 74 72 74 76 77 79 81 83 84 79
Average dew point °C (°F) 2
(36) 		2
(36) 		3
(37) 		4
(39) 		7
(45) 		9
(48) 		11
(52) 		12
(54) 		10
(50) 		8
(46) 		5
(41) 		3
(37) 		6
(43)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 52.5 73.9 99.0 146.9 188.3 172.5 179.7 166.3 131.2 99.3 59.5 47.1 1,416.2
Mean daily sunshine hours 3.4 3.4 5.2 6.8 6.7 6.4 6.6 6.0 5.9 3.8 3.5 3.6 5.1
Average ultraviolet index 0 1 2 4 5 6 6 5 4 2 1 0 3
Source 1: Met Office[22] NOAA (relative humidity and snow days 1961–1990)[23]
Source 2: KNMI[24][25] Current Results - Weather and Science[26] Meteo Climat[27] Time and Date: Average dew point (1985-2015)[28] WeatherAtlas[29]

Etymology

The name "Manchester" (pronounced /ˈmæntʃɛstə/) came from the Roman name Mancunium, thought to be a Latinisation of an original Celtic name (possibly meaning "breast-like hill" from mamm- = "breast"), plus Anglo-Saxon ceaster = "town", which is derived from Latin castra = "camp".[30]

History

Main article: History of Manchester

Early history

The Peterloo massacre.

The Manchester area was settled in or before Roman times.[31] The original fort was constructed by General Gnaeus Julius Agricola as a staging post between Chester (Deva) and York (Eboracum). This Roman settlement was named Mamucium (Celtic for "breast-shaped hill") after the hill that it was sited on to be better defensible. The original location of the fort is now in the City of Salford.

The fort was abandoned in the Dark Ages, and at some point in time the focus of settlement shifted from this spot to the confluence of the rivers Irwell and Irk.

In medieval times, this area included a fortified manor house. Thomas De La Warre, a manorial lord who also happened to be a priest, gave the site to the church for use as a College of Priests around 1422, and commenced the construction of the Collegiate Church. The former is now Chetham's School of Music, and the latter Manchester Cathedral.

Around the 13th century, Manchester grew heavily due to an influx of Flemish settlers who founded Manchester's new cotton industry[citation needed] and sparked the growth of the city to become Lancashire's major industrial centre.

Industrial Revolution

Manchester (or Cottonopolis as it was sometimes referred) during the early 19th century.

In the late 18th century, Manchester may have become the site of England's first entirely artificial canal when James Brindley built the Bridgewater Canal to bring coal from the eponymous Duke of Bridgewater's mines at Worsley. During the 19th century Manchester grew to become the centre of Lancashire's cotton industry and was dubbed "Cottonopolis". During this period the canal system grew, and Manchester became one end of the world's second passenger railway - the Liverpool and Manchester Railway.

Manchester quickly grew into the most important industrial centre in the world, and, significantly, the first industrial society[citation needed]. The pace of change was fast and frightening. At that time, it seemed a place in which anything could happen — new industrial processes, new ways of thinking (the so called "Manchester School", promoting free trade and laissez-faire), new classes or groups in society, new religious sects, and new forms of labour organisation. It attracted educated visitors from all parts of Britain and Europe. "What Manchester does today," it was said, "the rest of the world does tomorrow." [citation needed] Also during this period Manchester saw a rise in its population as Lancastarians, the Irish, Jews and many other people immigrated to the city[citation needed].

As well as being a centre of capitalism the city saw its fair share of rebellion by the working and non-titled classes, with the most famous being the events on St Peter’s Field on 16 August 1819 which have become known as 'Peterloo'. The first Trades Union Congress was held in Manchester (at the Mechanics' Institute, David Street), from 2 to 6 June 1868. Manchester was the subject of Friedrich Engels' The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844, Engels himself spending much of his life in and around Manchester[32]. Manchester was also an important cradle of the Labour Party and the Suffragette Movement.

Manchester's golden age was perhaps the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Many of the great public buildings (including the Town Hall) date from then. The city's cosmopolitan atmosphere contributed to a vibrant culture, which included the Hallé Orchestra. In 1889, when county councils were created in England, the municipal borough became a county borough with even greater autonomy. During this period, the Manchester Ship Canal was created by the canalisation of the Rivers Irwell and Mersey for 36 miles from Salford to the Mersey estuary at the port of Liverpool. This enabled ocean going ships to sail right into the Salford docks. The docks functioned up until the 1970s, with their closure leading to a large increase in unemployment in the area[citation needed].

Manchester suffered greatly from the inter-war depression and the underlying structural changes that began to supplant the old industries, including textile manufacture.

World War II

During World War II Manchester was involved in heavy industrial construction. It was home to Avro (now BAE Systems) which built countless aircraft for the Royal Air Force (RAF), the most famous being the Avro Lancaster bomber[citation needed]. The city was attacked a number of times by the Luftwaffe, particularly in the "Christmas Blitz" of 1941, which destroyed a large part of the historic city centre and seriously damaged the Cathedral [citation needed].

1996 Manchester bombing

Main article: 1996 Manchester bombing
The devastation left by the IRA bombing

On 15 June 1996, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) detonated a large bomb in the city centre. The largest to be detonated on British soil, the bomb blast caused over 200 injuries and heavily damaged nearby buildings.

Redevelopment

Exchange Square undergoing regeneration.

Spurred by the regeneration after the 1996 IRA bomb and aided by the XVII Commonwealth Games, Manchester's city centre has undergone a continued regeneration. New and renovated complexes such as The Printworks and the Triangle have become popular shopping and entertainment destinations. The completion of the renovated Manchester Arndale in September 2006 allowed the centre to hold the title of Europe's largest city centre shopping mall [citation needed].

Large sections of the city dating from the 1960s have been either demolished and re-developed or modernised with the use of glass and steel, including the Manchester Arndale. Old mills have been converted into modern apartments, Hulme has undergone extensive regeneration programmes, and million-pound lofthouse apartments have since been developed. The 169 metre tall, 47-storey Beetham Tower, completed in 2006, is the tallest building in the UK outside London and highest residential accommodation in the United Kingdom. The lower 23 floors form the Hilton Hotel, featuring a 'sky bar' on the 23rd floor. Its upper 24 floors are apartments.[33]

SuperCasino

In January 2007, Manchester was briefly awarded the licence to build the only supercasino allowed in the UK, but in March 2007 the House of Lords rejected the decision by three votes rendering the House of Commons acceptance meaningless. This leaves the supercasino and the other fourteen smaller sites awarded smaller concessions in parliamentary limbo until a final decision is made.[34]

Politics

Main article: Politics in Manchester

Manchester is represented by three tiers of government: Manchester City Council ("local"), UK Parliament ("national"), and European Parliament ("Europe").

The City of Manchester forms part of the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester, the county council of which was abolished (along with the other metropolitan counties) in 1986. Manchester consists of several districts, but these districts do not represent a tier of government, though the names are used as political wards.

Economics

Main article: Economy of Manchester

Manchester's Central Business District is in the centre of the city, adjacent to Piccadilly, focused on Mosley Street, Deansgate, King Street and Piccadilly. Spinningfields is a large new business centre west of Deansgate that will serve as home to several headquarters, squares, and cafes. The first building on the site was the Royal Bank of Scotland's new headquarters[35] on Deansgate. The project is being spear-headed by Sir Norman Foster. Other buildings include a 110 metre tall office building, a new justice centre and new Crown Court, to be built over the next few years [citation needed].

Demographics

The United Kingdom Census 2001 showed a total population for Manchester of 392,819, a 9.2% decline from the 1991 census.[36] Approximately 83,000 were aged under 16, 285,000 were aged 16-74, and 25,000 aged 75 and over.[36] 75.9% of Manchester's population claim they have been born in the UK, according to the 2001 UK Census. Inhabitants of Manchester are known as Mancunians or Mancs for short. Manchester reported the second-lowest proportion of the population in employment of any area in the UK. A primary reason cited for Manchester's high unemployment figures is the high proportion of the population who are students.[36]

Ethnicity

In 2001, 80% of people identified themselves as "White british", 9% Asian or Asian British, 5% Black or Black British, 3% Mixed Race and 2% Chinese or other ethnic group.[37]. However correct these statistics are for the year 2001, it is now estimated that Manchester's population has made a significant growth and white british now make up 75% of the poulation compared to 80% in 2001. Moss Side, Longsight, Cheetham Hill, Rusholme, and Whalley Range, but to name a few are particularly noted for their diverse ethnic population. It has been estimated that over 30% of Manchesters caucasian/white community are of Irish ancestry[citation needed].

Manchester's St Patrick's Day parade is one of the world's largest [citation needed]. Also, Manchester's Palace Hotel hosted the 2007 Lloyds TSB’s Northern Jewel Awards, where leaders of the Asian community in the North of the UK were recognized.[38]

Religion

[36]

  • 3. Religion not stated 9.7%
  • 4. Muslim 9.1%
  • 9. Other 0.3%

Education

File:Main Quadrangle University of Manchester by Nick Higham.jpg
The Old Quadrangle of the University of Manchester

Universities

Manchester is home to two major universities - the University of Manchester and Manchester Metropolitan University - which are both located to the south of the city centre. The University of Manchester is the largest full-time non-collegiate university in the United Kingdom, and was created in autumn 2004 by the merger of Victoria University of Manchester and UMIST. Manchester Metropolitan University was formed out of the old polytechnic college in the city.

The University of Manchester, Manchester Metropolitan University and the Royal Northern College of Music are all grouped together on the southern side of the city centre, and effectively form one large campus along and near to Oxford Road (with the exception of the North Campus of the University of Manchester, which was the UMIST campus before the merger). Manchester Business School, which offered the first MBA course in the UK in 1965, forms a part of the University of Manchester.

Schools

One of Manchester's most notable secondary schools is the Manchester Grammar School. Established in 1515 as a free grammar school next to what is now the Cathedral, it moved in 1930 to Old Hall Lane in Fallowfield, South Manchester, to accommodate the growing student body. In the post-war period, it was a direct-grant grammar school (i.e. partially state funded), but it reverted to independent status in 1976 after abolition of the direct-grant system. Its previous premises are now used by Chetham's School of Music.

Places of interest

See also: Places of interest in Manchester
 See also: List of streets in Manchester

Architecture

Main article: Architecture of Manchester
Beetham Tower on Deansgate. An example of Manchester's new skyscrapers.

Manchester has a wide variety of buildings, ranging from Victorian architecture to modern. Much of the architecture in the city harks back to its days as a global centre for the cotton trade. Manchester also has a number of skyscrapers mostly built during the 1960s and 1970s, although recently there has been a renewed interest in building more. Beetham Tower, completed in 2006, includes a Hilton hotel, a restaurant, and residences. It is currently the tallest building in the UK outside of London. An even taller building, the Inacity Tower, is scheduled to commence construction in 2007 behind Manchester Piccadilly station.

Monuments

File:Queen-victoria-statue-piccadilly02.JPG
Queen Victoria statue in Piccadilly Gardens

Two large squares hold many of Manchester's public monuments. Albert Square, in front of the Town Hall, has monuments to Prince Albert, Bishop James Fraser, Oliver Heywood, William Ewart Gladstone and John Bright. Piccadilly Gardens has monuments dedicated to Queen Victoria, Robert Peel, James Watt and the Duke of Wellington.

Other notable monuments include the Alan Turing Memorial (the father of modern computing)in Sackville Park, adjacent to Sackville Street. A monument to Abraham Lincoln was presented to the city by Mr & Mrs Charles Phelps Taft of Cincinnati, Ohio. The statue, located in the eponymous Lincoln Square, is the work of George Gray Barnard and marks the part that Lancashire played in the cotton famine and American Civil War of 1861–1865. The success of the 2002 Commonwealth Games is commemorated by B of the Bang, Britain’s tallest sculpture, located near the City of Manchester Stadium in the Eastlands area of the City.

Transportation

Main article: Transport in Manchester

Manchester and the surrounding communities in the North West of England are served by an international airport as well as a major motorway and rail network. The Liverpool and Manchester Railway was the first passenger railway in the world. Greater Manchester has an extensive citywide railway network, and two mainline stations. A network of bus routes and a modern tram system radiates from the city centre. A canal network also remains from the industrial revolution.

Greater Manchester has a higher percentage of the motorway network than any other county in the country.[citation needed] According to The Guinness Book of World Records[citation needed], it has the most traffic lanes side by side (17), spread across several parallel carriageways (M61 at Linnyshaw Moss, Greater Manchester, close to the M60 interchange).

Culture

Main article: Culture of Manchester
See also: Natives of Manchester

Nightlife

There has long been a thriving nightclub culture in Manchester. One of the oldest venues is the Band on the Wall, a live music club in the Northern Quarter. It was built around 1862 as the flagship pub of a local brewery and originally called The George & Dragon. In 1975 it was taken on by jazz musician Steve Morris and Frank Cusick, and renamed The Band on the Wall, a longtime nickname for the club since the late 1920s alluding to its stage high on the back wall.

Music

Main articles: Music of Manchester and List of bands from Manchester

Manchester is home to two symphony orchestras, the Hallé Orchestra and the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra. There is also a chamber orchestra, the Manchester Camerata. In the 1950s the city was home to the so-called ‘Manchester School’ of classical composers, which comprised Harrison Birtwistle, Peter Maxwell Davies, David Ellis and Alexander Goehr. Manchester is a centre for musical education, with the Royal Northern College of Music and Chetham’s School of Music. The main classical venue was the Free Trade Hall on Peter Street, until the 1996 debut of the 2,500 seat concert venue Bridgewater Hall.

Manchester’s main pop music venue is the Manchester Evening News Arena, situated next to Manchester Victoria railway station. It seats over 21,000, is the largest arena of its type in Europe, and has been voted International Arena of the Year. [citation needed] Other major venues include the Manchester Apollo and the Manchester Academy. Smaller venues throughout the city are the Bierkeller, the Roadhouse, and Night and Day Cafe.

Bands that have emerged from the Manchester music scene include the Buzzcocks, The Fall, Joy Division and its successor group New Order, the Happy Mondays, The Charlatans, The Inspiral Carpets, James, The Stone Roses, and Oasis. The Chemical Brothers, although from southern England, formed in Manchester. Ex-Stone Roses frontman Ian Brown and ex-Smiths Morrissey continue successful solo careers. Other Greater Manchester natives include Richard Ashcroft and Jay Kay of Jamiroquai.

Literature

In the 19th century, Manchester figured in novels that discussed the changes that industrialisation had brought to Britain. These included works such as Mary Barton: A Tale of Manchester Life (1848) by Elizabeth Gaskell, [2], and The Condition of the English Working Class in 1844, written by Friedrich Engels while living and working in Manchester. Charles Dickens is reputed to have set his novel Hard Times in the city, and while it is partly modelled on Preston, it shows the influence of his friend Elizabeth Gaskell [3].

Theatre

Larger venues include the Manchester Opera House, featuring large scale touring shows and West End shows, the Palace Theatre, the Royal Exchange Theatre in Manchester’s former cotton exchange, and the Lowry Centre, a touring venue in Salford. Smaller sites include the Library Theatre, a producing theatre in the basement of the central library, the Green Room, the Contact Theatre, and Studio Salford. The Dancehouse is dedicated to dance productions.

File:031658 a83397e7.jpg
The City of Manchester Stadium during the Commonwealth games

Sport

Two Premiership football clubs, Manchester United and Manchester City, bear the city’s name. Manchester City's ground is at the City of Manchester Stadium, (48,000 capacity); Manchester United’s Old Trafford ground, the second largest club football ground in the United Kingdom with 76,000 capacity, and England's only UEFA-rated 5-star stadium, is just outside the city in the borough of Trafford.

First class sporting facilities were built for the 2002 Commonwealth Games, including the Manchester Velodrome, the City of Manchester Stadium, the National Squash Centre and the Manchester Aquatics Centre. Manchester has competed twice to host the Olympic Games, being beaten by Atlanta in 1996 and Sydney in 2000, and various sporting arenas around the city will be used as training facilities prior to the 2012 Olympics in London.

Motorcycle speedway racing has been staged at four venues in Manchester. The first events were staged at the greyhound stadium in Kirkmanshume Lane in 1928 and was knowns as Belle Vue Speedway. Speedway activities continued under the Belle Vue name at the stadium in Hyde Road from 1929 to 1987, without any breaks even during the war years of 1939 - 1945, when the stadium was sold and redeveloped. Speedway racing returned to the greyhound stadium in Kirkmanshume Lane in 1988 and continues to operate there. The speedway team are known as the Belle Vue Aces. Peter Craven, Ove Fundin, Peter Collins, Jason Crump are amongst the riders who have won World Championships when riding for the Aces. The White City stadium was used in the pioneer days from 1928 to 1930 and a training track at Newton Heath operated in the in the early post war period.

Media

Television and radio

See also: List of television shows set in Manchester

ITV franchisee Granada Television has its original headquarters on Quay Street in the Castlefield area of the city. The city is where programmes including Britain's oldest and most watched soap opera Coronation Street which is networked 6 times a week on ITV1 is made. Local News for the Granada Region, local programmes and Networked Children’s ITV presentations are produced in Manchester.

The BBC has a headquarters at New Broadcasting House on Oxford Road in the south of the city. Programmes including A Question of Sport, Mastermind and Real Story are made here. The hit BBC series Cutting It was set in the city's northern quarter and ran on BBC1 for 5 series. Hit television series Life on Mars was based in 1973 around the city of Manchester.

Manchester is one of the three main BBC bases in England, the others being in London and Bristol. Manchester is also the regional base for the BBC One North West Region so programmes like North West Tonight are produced here. The BBC intends to relocate large numbers of staff and facilities to Media City at Salford Quays from London. The Children's(CBBC), Comedy, Sport (BBC Sport) and New Media departments are all scheduled for a move from London to MediaCity at Salford Quays before 2010.

Manchester has its own television channel, Channel M, owned by the Guardian Media Group and operated since 2000. The station produces almost all content including local news locally and is available nationally on the BSkyB television platform.

The city also has the highest amount of local radio stations outside London including BBC Radio Manchester, Key 103, Galaxy, Piccadilly Magic 1152, 105.4 Century FM, 100.4 Smooth FM, Capital Gold 1458, 96.2 The Revolution and Xfm. BBC Radio Manchester, which became BBC GMR in 1988, returned to its former title in 2006.

Student radio stations include Fuse FM at the University of Manchester and Shock FM at the University of Salford). A community radio network is coordinated by Radio Regen, with stations covering the South Manchester communities of Ardwick, Longsight and Levenshulme (ALL FM 96.9) and Wythenshawe (Wythenshawe FM 97.2).

Defunct radio stations include Sunset (which became) Kiss 102 (now Galaxy), and KFM which became Signal Cheshire (now Signal 1). These stations, as well as pirate radio, played a significant role in the city's House music culture, also known as the Madchester scene, which was based around clubs like the the Hacienda which had its own show on Kiss 102.

Erstwhile producer and radio personality Karl Pilkington, of The Ricky Gervais Show fame, hails from Manchester.

Television characters who hail from Manchester includes Daphne Moon (played by Jane Leeves), of Frasier and Charlie Pace (played by Dominic Monaghan) of Lost.

Film

See also: Films set in Manchester

Manchester is featured in films such as My Son, My Son! (1940), directed by Charles Vidor) and starring Brian Aherne and Louis Hayward. Also Grand Hotel (1932), in which Wallace Beery often shouts "Manchester!". Others include Velvet Goldmine starring Ewan MacGregor, and Sir Alec Guinness's The Man in the White Suit.

Manchester is also home to the Manchester Film Festival and has held the Commonwealth film festival.

Magazines and newspapers

The Guardian newspaper was founded in Manchester in 1821 as The Manchester Guardian. Its head office is still in Manchester, though many of its management functions were moved to London in 1964. It shares an office on Hardman Street with sister publication Manchester Evening News (biggest-selling daily paper although now free within the city centre), and the Manchester Metro News (free weekly, Greater Manchester's biggest-circulation newspaper). Another free newspaper is the Metro North West, available from Metrolink stops, rail stations and other busy locations.

For many years most of the national newspapers had offices in Manchester: The Daily Telegraph, Daily Express, Daily Mail, The Daily Mirror, The Sun. Only The Daily Sport remain based in Manchester. At its height, 1,500 journalists were employed. But in the 1980s office closures began and today the "second Fleet Street" is no more. A late attempt to launch a Northern daily newspaper, North West Times, floundered in the late 1980s lasting just three months. Another attempt was made with the North West Enquirer, which hoped to provide a true "regional" newspaper for the North West, much in the same vein as the Yorkshire Post does for Yorkshire or The Northern Echo does for the North East. It folded in October 2006.

There are several local lifestyle magazines, including 'YQ Magazine' and 'Moving Manchester'.

South Manchester villages

These districts in south Manchester were formerly villages:

Foreign consulates and commissions

Manchester and its conurbation are home to a number of foreign consulates and commissions:

  • Australia Chatsworth House, Lever Street, Manchester M1 2QL. (Tel: 0161 228 1344)
  • Bangladesh High Commission.
  • China Denison House, Denison Road, Rusholme, Manchester M14.
  • Denmark Trade Office, 4th Floor, Arkwright House, Parsonage Gardens, Manchester M3.
  • France Trade Commission, 24th Floor, Sunley Tower, Piccadilly Plaza, Manchester M1.
  • France Davis Blank Furniss, 90 Deansgate, Manchester M3 2QJ. (Tel. 0161 832 3304)
  • Germany Westminster House, 11 Portland Street, Manchester, M60 1HY. (no longer operational)
  • Republic of Ireland Trade Board, 56 Oxford Street, Manchester M1.
  • Italy Rodwell Tower, 111 Piccadilly, Manchester M1.
  • Monaco Dene Manor, Dene Park, Manchester M20.
  • Netherlands 123 Deansgate, Manchester M3.
  • Pakistan Vice-consulate, 4th Floor Hilton House, 26/28 Hilton Street, Manchester M1.
  • Spain 1a Brook House, 70 Spring Gardens, Manchester M2 2BQ.
  • Switzerland 24th Floor, Sunley Tower, Piccadilly Plaza, Manchester M1

In addition, the British Council maintains a metropolitan centre in Manchester.[39]

Twin cities

Although not an official twin city, Tampere, Finland is known as "the Manchester of Finland" - or "Manse" for short.

See also

References

  • Architecture
    • Manchester. Clare Hartwell. Pevsner Architectural Guides ISBN 0-300-09666-6
    • Manchester: A guide to recent architecture. David Hands and Sarah Parker. Ellipsis. ISBN 1-899858-77-6
    • Manchester — an Architectural History John Parkinson Bailey. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-7190-5606-3
  • General
    • The City Life Guide to Manchester: 6th edition. ISBN 0-9544460-7-0
    • The Mancunian Way Published by Clinamen Press ISBN 1-903083-81-8
    • Manchester — a Celebration. Brian Redhead. André Deutsch Limited, London. ISBN 0-233-98816-5
    • Victorian Manchester & Salford. Published in 1988 by Ryburn Publishing Limited. ISBN 1-85331-006-9
  • Culture
    • Morrissey's Manchester: The Essential Smiths Tour Phil Gatenby ISBN 1-901746-28-3
    • Manchester, England. The story of the pop cult city. Dave Haslam ISBN 1-84115-146-7
    • And God Created Manchester. Sarah Champion. Wordsmith. ISBN 1-873205-01-5
    • The Hacienda Must be Built. Edited by Jon Savage. International Music Publications ISBN 0-86359-857-9
    • Shake, Rattle and Rain — Popular Music in Manchester 1955-1995. CP Lee ISBN 1-84382-049-8
    • Like The Night — Bob Dylan and the road to the Manchester Free Trade Hall. CP Lee ISBN 1-900924-33-1

Footnotes

  1. ^ Key facts and figures about Manchester, Manchester City Council. URL accessed February 21, 2007.
  2. ^ Key Statistics for urban areas in England and Wales, Census 2001. URL accessed February 21, 2007.
  3. ^ "Manchester 'England's second city'", BBC News, 12 September 2002, retrieved 2 May 2006.
  4. ^ "Manchester 'close to second city'", BBC News, 29 September 2005, retrieved 2 May 2006.
  5. ^ "Manchester tops second city poll", BBC News, 10 February 2007, retrieved 11 February 2007
  6. ^ "Birmingham loses out to Manchester in second city face off", BBC Press Office, 9 February 2007, retrieved 18 June 2007.
  7. ^ Manchester, www.manchester.ac.uk, Manchester University. URL accessed October 24, 2006.
  8. ^ Northern Soul, www.educationuk.org, March 2003. URL accessed October 24, 2006.
  9. ^ "European Cities Monitor report from FCO", European Cities Monitor 2005, October 2005, retrieved 15 June 2007.
  10. ^ Overseas Visitors to the UK - Top Towns Visited 2005 .pdf.
  11. ^ Note that Manchester United is in Greater Manchester but not inside Manchester city limits: it is in the borough of Trafford.
  12. ^ Manchester's Buildings, Manchester UK. URL accessed December 18, 2006.
  13. ^ Kidd, A., (2006), Manchester: A History, Carnegie Publishing Ltd.
  14. ^ Frangopulo, N.J., (1977), Tradition in Action: The Historical Evolution of the Greater Manchester County, EP Publishing, Wakefield.
  15. ^ Manchester United in Celebration of City, European Funding NW. URL accessed December 18, 2006.
  16. ^ National Museum of Science and Industry. "Manchester - the first industrial city". www.sciencemuseum.org.uk. Retrieved 2007-05-09.
  17. ^ Cottonopolis, www.Spinningtheweb.org.uk, Manchester City Council. URL accessed October 24, 2006.
  18. ^ Manchester Cottonopolis, Spinning the Web, Manchester City Council. URL accessed December 7, 2006.
  19. ^ Manchester and Salford (Ancoats, Castlefield and Worsley), http://whc.unesco.org (UNESCO). URL accessed October 24, 2006.
  20. ^ Manchester, England, www.weatherbase.com. URL accessed October 25, 2006.
  21. ^ "Manchester tourist guide — Geography & weather". Manchester Online. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |accessmonthday= ignored (help); Unknown parameter |accessyear= ignored (|access-date= suggested) (help)
  22. ^ "Manchester 1981-2010 Averages". Met Office. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  23. ^ "Manchester Ringway weather station 1961-1990" (FTP). NOAA. Retrieved 4 August 2023.
  24. ^ "Manchester ringway extreme values". KNMI. Retrieved 30 January 2016.
  25. ^ "Manchester ringway 1981-2010 mean extreme values". KNMI. Retrieved 2 January 2018.
  26. ^ "Average snowfall over the UK". Retrieved 3 June 2019.
  27. ^ "STATION MANCHESTER". Meteo climat. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
  28. ^ "Climate & Weather Averages in Manchester, England, United Kingdom". Time and Date. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  29. ^ "Monthly weather forecast and Climate – Manchester, United Kingdom". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 9 January 2022.
  30. ^ Mills, A. D. (2003). A Dictionary of British Place-names. Oxford University Press. ISBN ISBN 0-19-852758-6. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: invalid character (help)
  31. ^ Rogers, Nicholas - Halloween: from Pagan Ritual to Party Night, 2003, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-1951-6896-8? P.18
  32. ^ Biography of Engels, Marx-Engels Internet Archive [http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/bio/engels/en-1893.htm
  33. ^ "City building reaches full height", BBC, 26 April 2006, retrieved 2 May 2006.
  34. ^ Casino Advisory Panel Recommendation
  35. ^ RBS Press releases, www.rbs.co.uk, RBS Spinningfields press release. URL accessed May 30, 2007.
  36. ^ a b c d Manchester, www.statistics.gov.uk, National Statistics. URL accessed October 25, 2006.
  37. ^ [1] Manchester ethnic groups- percentages
  38. ^ Nominees unveiled for northern Asian Jewel Awards, Asia News Network. URL accessed April 13, 2007.
  39. ^ British Council Annual report 2005-06. URL accessed 7 June 2007

53°28′43″N 2°14′36″W / 53.47861°N 2.24333°W / 53.47861; -2.24333

External links

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